CN112986097B - Experimental measurement method for determining relative permeability curve of tight reservoir steady state method - Google Patents
Experimental measurement method for determining relative permeability curve of tight reservoir steady state method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental measurement method for determining a relative permeability curve of a tight reservoir in a steady state method. The method can realize on-line measurement, does not need to take out a sample for weighing in the experimental process, simplifies the experimental process, simultaneously avoids the influence on the experimental result due to the factors of disassembly, taking out, putting in and the like of the device, and improves the accuracy of the calculation result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas matching, relates to an experimental measurement method for determining a relative permeability curve of a tight reservoir in a steady state method, and can be applied to a relative permeability experiment of the tight reservoir in the steady state method.
Background
The relative permeability is an important parameter for evaluating the productivity of the oil and gas reservoir, and the evaluation of the relative permeability is one of important contents for exploration and development of oil and gas. Laboratory measurements often measure the relative permeability of rock using unsteady and steady state methods. For a compact reservoir, the pore volume is small, the water yield is small, and the saturation cannot be measured due to the influence of the manifold volume in an unsteady state method.
The method for determining the relative permeability of oil and water by a steady-state method is based on the Darcy seepage theory, oil and water are simultaneously injected into a rock sample at a constant speed according to a certain flow proportion under the condition that the total flow is not changed during an experiment, when the inlet and outlet pressures and the oil and water flows are stable, the water saturation of the rock sample is not changed any more, and at the moment, the oil and water are uniformly distributed in the pores of the rock sample, so that a stable state is achieved. Therefore, the pressure of the inlet and the outlet of the rock sample and the flow rate of oil and water can be measured, the effective permeability and the relative permeability of the oil and the water of the rock sample can be directly calculated by utilizing the Darcy's law, the corresponding water saturation of the rock sample can be calculated by using a weighing method or a material balance method, the relative permeability of the oil and the water at different water saturations can be obtained by changing the injection flow rate proportion of the oil and the water, and an oil-water relative permeability curve of the rock sample can be drawn.
For example, CN106525690A discloses a method for measuring gas-water relative permeability curve of tight sandstone steady-state process, which comprises the following steps: preparing a rock core; simulating formation water; vacuumizing to saturate and simulate formation water; connecting an experimental device and heating to an experimental temperature; putting the core, applying covering pressure and back pressure, and measuring the core quality and the liquid phase permeability; building the saturation of the bound water; controlling the gas flow rate, injecting simulated formation water at a lower flow rate, increasing the liquid flow rate to measure the next point after the outlet airflow is stable until the displacement pressure reaches the maximum set value and the outlet gas flow rate is reduced to 0.1mL/min, and ending the experiment; and calculating the water saturation and the relative permeability of each measuring point according to an improved phase permeation formula. The method simulates two-phase seepage characteristics of a production process of a tight gas reservoir under the stratum condition, considers the influence of temperature on gas-water viscosity and the influence of overburden pressure on the water content of a rock core, and ensures that the irreducible water saturation and relative permeability curve is more accurate and credible.
However, because the tight reservoir rock sample generally has the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability, the rock pore volume is extremely small, the quality change of the rock sample in the displacement experiment process is extremely small, the problem of inaccurate oil-water saturation measurement exists in a weighing method or a material balance method, and the real fluid saturation data is difficult to obtain.
Therefore, it is necessary to establish an experimental measurement method for determining the relative permeability curve of the tight reservoir steady-state method, improve the accuracy of measuring the oil-water saturation in a laboratory, and finally obtain the relative permeability curve of the steady-state method which can meet the design requirements of an oil reservoir development scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that accurate fluid saturation information is difficult to obtain by a conventional weighing method or a material balance method in a compact reservoir steady-state relative permeability experiment, the method for determining the compact reservoir saturation index n by using a three-point method is added during the steady-state relative permeability measurement, and the oil and water saturation of rocks at different stages of the steady-state relative permeability measurement is obtained by inverting resistivity parameters acquired in the steady-state relative permeability experiment measurement process. The method can realize on-line measurement, does not need to take out a sample for weighing in the experimental process, simplifies the experimental process, simultaneously avoids the influence on the experimental result due to the factors of disassembly, taking out, putting in and the like of the device, and improves the accuracy of the calculation result.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental measurement method for determining a tight reservoir steady-state method relative permeability curve comprises the following steps:
s1, washing oil, washing salt and drying the rock sample, and measuring the mass m of the rock sample1；
S2, vacuumizing the rock sample dried in the step S1, then saturating the formation water to obtain a saturated formation water rock sample, and measuring the mass m of the saturated formation water rock sample2And a resistance r0Calculating the void volume V of the rock samplepAnd resistivity R of saturated formation water rock sample0；
S3, displacing the saturated stratum water rock sample obtained in the step S2 by utilizing the stratum crude oil until the saturated stratum water rock sample is displacedThe water is not stopped, a rock sample in a bound water state is obtained, and the water outlet volume V of the rock sample at the moment is recordedwiResistance of harmony rock sample riCalculating irreducible water saturation SwiAnd bound Water resistivity Rwi；
S4, displacing the rock sample in the bound water state obtained in the step S3 by using formation water until oil is not produced any more, obtaining a rock sample in a residual oil state, and recording the oil production volume V of the rock sample at the momentwoAnd a resistance rwoCalculating residual saturation SwoAnd residual oil resistivity Rwo；
S5, calculating the increase rate I of the resistance in the bound water state according to the Archie formulawiAnd residual oil state resistance increase rate Iwo；
S6, establishing a power function relation in a log-log coordinate axis by utilizing the water saturation and the resistance increasing rate of a rock sample complete saturated water state, a bound water state and a residual oil state to obtain a lithology coefficient b and a saturation index n;
s7, injecting the oil and water into the rock sample according to the set oil and water inlet speeds to perform a two-phase fluid steady state method test, and recording the inlet pressure, outlet pressure, oil flow, water flow, rock sample quality, temperature and resistance r of the rock sample at the moment when the flow is stablewii(ii) a Calculating the resistivity R of the rock sample at the momentwii；
S8, obtaining resistivity R according to the Archie formula and the step S20The lithology coefficient b obtained in step S6, the saturation index n and the resistivity R obtained in step S7wiiCalculating the water saturation S of the rock samplewii；
And S9, determining a relative permeability curve.
Preferably, the rock sample void volume V in step S2pThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
m3＝m2-m1 (1)
Vp＝m3/ρw (2)
in the formula, m3Is the rock sample saturated formation water quality;
ρwis the saturated formation water density.
Preferably, the irreducible water saturation S in step S3wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Swi＝(Vp-Vwi)/Vp×100％ (3)
the binding water resistivity R in step S3wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein D is the diameter of the rock sample;
l is the length of the rock sample;
said rwiFor the resistance r after temperature correctioni。
Further preferably, r iswiThe temperature correction formula of (a) is:
in the formula, riResistance before temperature correction;
tithe room temperature is the room temperature when the resistance of the rock sample is measured, and the unit is centigrade (DEG C);
t is the standard temperature in degrees Celsius (. degree. C.).
Preferably, the residual saturation S in step S4woThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Swo＝(Vwi-Vwo)/Vp×100％ (6)；
residual oil resistivity R in step S4woThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
preferably, the bound water state resistance increase rate I in step S5wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
the residual oil state resistance increase rate IwoThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
preferably, the water saturation and the resistance increase rate corresponding to the complete water saturation state, the bound water state and the residual oil state of the core in the step S6 are (1,1) and (S)wi、Iwi) And (S)wo、Iwo)。
Preferably, the resistivity R in step S7wiiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
preferably, in step S8, the water saturation SwiiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adds the joint measurement of the resistivity while measuring the relative permeability by the steady state method, applies a method for determining the saturation index n of the tight reservoir by a three-point method, and obtains the oil and water saturation of the rock at different stages of the relative permeability measurement by the steady state method through the inversion of resistivity parameters acquired in the experimental measurement process of the relative permeability by the steady state method. The method can be used for on-line measurement (the sample is not required to be taken out and weighed in the experimental process), the experimental process is simplified, the influence of factors such as disassembly, taking out and putting in of the device on the experimental result is avoided, the technical problem that accurate fluid saturation information is difficult to obtain by a conventional weighing method or a substance balancing method in a compact reservoir steady-state method relative permeability experiment is solved, and the accuracy of the calculated result (saturation) is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a relative permeability and resistivity co-measurement experimental apparatus of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a rock core holder, 2, an LCR resistance meter, 3, a liquid container, 4, intermediate containers a and 5, intermediate containers b and 6, a water pump, 7, an oil pump, 8, a valve No. 1, 9, a valve No. 2, 10, a confining pressure valve, 11, a tee joint No. 1, and 12, a tee joint No. 2.
Fig. 2 to 9 are graphs showing relative permeability curves of samples 1 to 8 in example 1 of the present invention, respectively.
Wherein a represents the relative permeability of the water phase and b represents the relative permeability of the oil phase.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
An experimental measurement method for determining a tight reservoir steady-state method relative permeability curve comprises the following steps:
s1, washing oil, washing salt and drying the rock sample, and measuring the mass m of the rock sample1；
S2, vacuumizing the rock sample dried in the step S1, then saturating the formation water to obtain a saturated formation water rock sample, and measuring the mass m of the saturated formation water rock sample2And a resistance r0Calculating the void volume V of the rock samplepAnd resistivity R of saturated formation water rock sample0；
The rock sample void volume V in step S2pThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
m3＝m2-m1 (1)
Vp＝m3/ρw (2)
in the formula, m3Is the rock sample saturated formation water quality;
ρwis the water density of the saturated formation;
s3, displacing the saturated stratum water rock sample obtained in the step S2 by utilizing the stratum crude oil until no water appears, and obtaining the state of bound waterThe rock sample is recorded, and the water outlet volume V of the rock sample at the moment is recordedwiResistance of harmony rock sample riCalculating irreducible water saturation SwiAnd bound Water resistivity Rwi；
Irreducible water saturation S in step S3wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Swi＝(Vp-Vwi)/Vp×100％ (3)
the binding water resistivity RwiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein D is the diameter of the rock sample;
l is the length of the rock sample;
said rwiFor the resistance r after temperature correctioni；
Said rwiThe temperature correction formula of (a) is:
in the formula, riResistance before temperature correction;
tithe room temperature is the room temperature when the resistance of the rock sample is measured, and the unit is centigrade (DEG C);
t is the standard temperature in degrees Celsius (. degree. C.);
s4, displacing the rock sample in the bound water state obtained in the step S3 by using formation water until oil is not produced any more, obtaining a rock sample in a residual oil state, and recording the oil production volume V of the rock sample at the momentwoAnd a resistance rwoCalculating residual saturation SwoAnd residual oil resistivity Rwo；
The residual saturation S in step S4woThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Swo＝(Vwi-Vwo)/Vp×100％ (6)；
the residual oil resistivity RwoThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
s5, calculating the increase rate I of the resistance in the bound water state according to the Archie formulawiAnd residual oil state resistance increase rate Iwo；
The bound water state resistance increase rate I in step S5wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
the residual oil state resistance increase rate IwoThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
s6, establishing a power function relation in a log-log coordinate axis by utilizing the water saturation and the resistance increasing rate of a rock sample complete saturated water state, a bound water state and a residual oil state to obtain a lithology coefficient b and a saturation index n;
in the step S6, the water saturation and the resistance increase rate corresponding to the complete water saturation state, the bound water state and the residual oil state of the rock core are respectively (1,1) and (S)wi、Iwi) And (S)wo、Iwo)；
S7, injecting the oil and water into the rock sample according to the set oil and water inlet speeds to perform a two-phase fluid steady state method test, and recording the inlet pressure, outlet pressure, oil flow, water flow, rock sample quality, temperature and resistance r of the rock sample at the moment when the flow is stablewii(ii) a Calculating the resistivity R of the rock sample at the momentwii；
Resistivity R in step S7wiiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
s8, obtaining resistivity R according to the Archie formula and the step S20The lithology coefficient b obtained in step S6, the saturation index n and the resistivity R obtained in step S7wiiCalculating the water saturation S of the rock samplewii；
In step S8, the water saturation SwiiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
and S9, determining a relative permeability curve.
In order to better realize the technical scheme of the invention, the invention provides a relative permeability and resistivity joint measurement experimental device, which comprises a core holder 1, an LCR (liquid resistance coefficient) resistance instrument 2, a liquid container 3, an intermediate container a, an intermediate container b, a water pump 6 and an oil pump 7, wherein as shown in figure 1;
one end of the rock core holder 1 is connected with a No. 2 tee joint 12, and the other end of the rock core holder is connected with a liquid container 3;
the core holder 1 is connected with the LCR resistance meter 2 in parallel;
the oil pump 7 is connected with the intermediate container a through a No. 1 valve 8, and the water pump 6 is connected with the intermediate container b through a No. 2 valve 9; the middle container a and the middle container b are connected with a No. 2 tee joint 12;
the water pump 7 is connected with a confining pressure valve 10 through a No. 1 tee joint, and the confining pressure valve 10 is connected with the rock core holder 1.
Example 1
The method and the device of the invention are used for carrying out steady-state method phase permeability test on a certain tight reservoir rock core and determining the oil-water saturation in different stages, and the operation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting 8 compact reservoir plunger rock samples with the diameter of 25.4mm and the length of 30mm prepared under the same condition, washing oil, washing salt and drying, and then respectively measuring the dry weights of the compact reservoir plunger rock samples.
S2, vacuumizing the dried 8 rock samples, saturating 40000mg/L saline water, recording the temperature, the wet weight and the resistance in a fully saturated saline water state, and calculating the resistivity of the saturated saline water state;
and S3, respectively placing 8 saturated saline rock samples into a displacement holder to be displaced by the formation crude oil until water is not discharged, recording the oil flow, the pressure, the water yield and the resistance of the bound water state in the state, and calculating the saturation of the bound water, the resistance of the bound water and the oil phase permeability in the bound water state.
S4, taking out 8 rock samples in a water-bound state, wiping the surfaces of the rock samples clean, reloading the rock samples into a displacement clamp, displacing the rock samples with formation water until oil does not flow out any more, recording the water flow, pressure, oil output and resistance of the residual oil state in the state, and calculating the saturation of the residual oil, the resistivity of the residual oil and the water-phase permeability of the residual oil state;
determining a rock sample lithology coefficient b and a saturation index n by using a three-point method according to the saturated water state resistivity and the bound water state resistivity obtained in the S2 and the S3 and the residual oil state resistivity obtained in the step,
s5, displacing 8 rock cores in the residual oil state to a water-binding state again by using stratum crude oil, testing the two-phase fluid by a steady state method according to the set oil liquid inlet speed and water liquid inlet speed, and recording oil flow, water flow, displacement pressure, rock sample quality, temperature and resistance in the state when the oil liquid inlet speed and the water liquid inlet speed are different.
S6, obtaining the resistivity after temperature correction in different states by applying the resistance obtained in the step S5; substituting the obtained lithology coefficient b and the saturation index n according to an Archie formula, and establishing a relational expression of resistivity and saturation to obtain the oil-water saturation in different states;
and calculating the oil permeability and the water permeability according to the data of the oil flow, the water flow and the pressure under different water saturation states to finally obtain a relative permeability curve, wherein the results are shown in figures 2 to 9.
The results of the experimental determination are shown in tables 1-1 and 1-2.
Table 1-1 results of experimental measurements of example 1
Tables 1-2 results of experimental measurements of example 1
Compared with the method for determining the gas-water relative permeability curve of the compact sandstone steady-state method disclosed by CN106525690A, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the resistivity joint measurement is added at the same time of the steady-state relative permeability measurement, the method for determining the saturation index n of the compact reservoir by using the three-point method is applied, and the oil and water saturation of the rock at different stages of the steady-state relative permeability measurement is obtained by inverting the resistivity parameter acquired in the steady-state relative permeability experimental measurement process. The method can be used for on-line measurement (the sample is not required to be taken out and weighed in the experimental process), the experimental process is simplified, the influence of factors such as disassembly, taking out and putting in of the device on the experimental result is avoided, the technical problem that accurate fluid saturation information is difficult to obtain by a conventional weighing method or a substance balancing method in a compact reservoir steady-state method relative permeability experiment is solved, and the accuracy of the calculated result (saturation) is improved.
It should be emphasized that the embodiments described herein are illustrative rather than restrictive, and thus the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the detailed description, but also includes other embodiments that can be derived from the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. An experimental measurement method for determining a relative permeability curve of a tight reservoir steady state method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, washing oil, washing salt and drying the rock sample, and then measuring the rock sampleMass m1；
S2, vacuumizing the rock sample dried in the step S1, then saturating the formation water to obtain a saturated formation water rock sample, and measuring the mass m of the saturated formation water rock sample2And a resistance r0Calculating the void volume V of the rock samplepAnd resistivity R of saturated formation water rock sample0；
S3, displacing the saturated stratum water rock sample obtained in the step S2 by using stratum crude oil until no water appears, obtaining a rock sample in a bound water state, and recording the water outlet volume V of the rock sample at the momentwiResistance of harmony rock sample riCalculating irreducible water saturation SwiAnd bound Water resistivity Rwi；
S4, displacing the rock sample in the bound water state obtained in the step S3 by using formation water until oil is not produced any more, obtaining a rock sample in a residual oil state, and recording the oil production volume V of the rock sample at the momentwoAnd a resistance rwoCalculating residual saturation SwoAnd residual oil resistivity Rwo；
S5, calculating the increase rate I of the resistance in the bound water state according to the Archie formulawiAnd residual oil state resistance increase rate Iwo；
S6, establishing a power function relation in a log-log coordinate axis by utilizing the water saturation and the resistance increasing rate of a rock sample complete saturated water state, a bound water state and a residual oil state to obtain a lithology coefficient b and a saturation index n;
in the step S6, the water saturation and the resistance increase rate corresponding to the complete water saturation state, the bound water state and the residual oil state of the rock sample are respectively (1,1) and (S)wi、Iwi) And (S)wo、Iwo)；
S7, injecting the oil and water into the rock sample according to the set oil and water inlet speeds to perform a two-phase fluid steady state method test, and recording the inlet pressure, outlet pressure, oil flow, water flow, rock sample quality, temperature and resistance r of the rock sample at the moment when the flow is stablewii(ii) a Calculating the resistivity R of the rock sample at the momentwii；
S8, obtaining resistivity R according to the Archie formula and the step S20Obtained in step S6Lithology coefficient b, saturation index n and resistivity R obtained in step S7wiiCalculating the water saturation S of the rock samplewii；
And S9, determining a relative permeability curve.
2. The experimental measurement method of claim 1, wherein the rock sample void volume V in step S2pThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
m3＝m2-m1 (1)
Vp＝m3/ρw (2)
in the formula, m3Is the rock sample saturated formation water quality;
ρwis the saturated formation water density.
3. The experimental measurement method of claim 1, wherein the irreducible water saturation S in step S3wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Swi＝(Vp-Vwi)/Vp×100％ (3)
the binding water resistivity R in step S3wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein D is the diameter of the rock sample;
l is the length of the rock sample;
said rwiFor the resistance r after temperature correctioni。
4. The experimental measurement method of claim 3, wherein r iswiThe temperature correction formula of (a) is:
in the formula, riResistance before temperature correction;
tithe room temperature is the room temperature when the resistance of the rock sample is measured, and the unit is centigrade (DEG C);
t is the standard temperature in degrees Celsius (. degree. C.).
5. The experimental measurement method according to claim 3, wherein the residual saturation level S in step S4woThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Swo＝(Vwi-Vwo)/Vp×100％ (6)；
residual oil resistivity R in step S4woThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
6. the experimental measurement method of claim 1, wherein the bound water state resistance increase rate I in step S5wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
the residual oil state resistance increase rate IwoThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
7. the experimental measurement method of claim 3, wherein the resistivity R in step S7wiiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
8. the experimental measurement method of claim 1, wherein the water saturation S in step S8wiiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
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| CN105606509A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-05-25 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Measuring method of high-temperature oil-water relative permeability of heavy oil reservoir |
| CN110618170A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining saturation index of rock and soil |
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| CN105606509A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-05-25 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Measuring method of high-temperature oil-water relative permeability of heavy oil reservoir |
| CN110618170A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining saturation index of rock and soil |
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