CN112986012B - Experimental device for research stress wave propagation characteristic in rock mass under high temperature - Google Patents

Experimental device for research stress wave propagation characteristic in rock mass under high temperature Download PDF

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CN112986012B
CN112986012B CN202110179092.4A CN202110179092A CN112986012B CN 112986012 B CN112986012 B CN 112986012B CN 202110179092 A CN202110179092 A CN 202110179092A CN 112986012 B CN112986012 B CN 112986012B
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范立峰
杨崎浩
高经纬
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/001—Impulsive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental device for researching propagation characteristics of stress waves in a rock mass at high temperature, which comprises five parts, namely an emitting device, a heating device, an incident rod, a transmission rod and a data acquisition device. The rock rod is heated by a heating device, which is capable of controlling the heating temperature and heating rate. The launching device impacts the incident rod to generate stress waves, then the stress waves are transmitted into the rock rod and finally transmitted into the transmission rod, and the buffer device is arranged behind the transmission rod and used for absorbing kinetic energy generated by impact. And measuring the strain through strain gauges attached to the incident rod and the transmission rod, and calculating to obtain the propagation condition of the stress wave in the rock rod. The invention relates to a method for indirectly obtaining the propagation characteristics of stress waves of a rock rod at high temperature by collecting strain data of an incident rod and a transmission rod through a theoretical formula, belonging to an indirect measurement method. The strain gauge can detect the strain of 1 mu epsilon, and has the advantages of low cost, strong operability, high precision and the like compared with a digital image recognition technology.

Description

Experimental device for research stress wave propagation characteristic in rock mass under high temperature
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device for researching propagation characteristics of stress waves in rock mass at different temperatures, and belongs to the technical field of rock mass mechanics experiments.
Background
With the increasing depth of underground engineering construction, the problem of high ground temperature is inevitably encountered, and the exploration of the physical properties of rocks at high temperature has become a popular topic in recent years. When the propagation of the stress wave in the high-temperature rock body is researched, due to the limitations of the strain gauge and the adhesive, the stress wave cannot be adhered to the surface of the rock body at high temperature, so that the propagation characteristic of the stress wave in the high-temperature rock body cannot be measured. At present, the propagation characteristic of the stress wave in the rock mass only stays in a normal temperature experiment, and because the rock mass is degraded at high temperature and the propagation characteristic is changed, the design of a set of device capable of researching the propagation characteristic of the stress wave of the rock mass at high temperature becomes more important.
The strain due to stress wave propagation is small (0 to 10) -4 ) The duration is short, a high sampling rate (10 Msps) instrument is required during monitoring, and problems of insufficient resolution, insufficient sampling rate, high price and the like can be faced when indirect measurement methods such as DIC and speckle interference are adopted. Therefore, the device for indirectly measuring by adopting the two normal temperature rods has the advantages of high precision, low selling price and strong operability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for researching stress wave at high temperatureExperimental facility for propagation characteristics in microfracture rock mass. The propagation rule of the stress wave in the rock rod is indirectly obtained by using the measurement data of the incident rod and the transmission rod through the propagation rule of the stress wave in different media, the defect that the dynamic strain of the rock cannot be measured by the conventional strain gauge at high temperature is overcome, the sampling rate is higher and can reach 10Msps compared with other non-contact measurement methods (such as DIC and speckle interference), and the measurement range can be 0-10 -4 A slight strain of.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an experimental device for researching the propagation characteristics of stress waves in a micro-fractured rock mass at high temperature. The device comprises five parts, namely an emitting device, a heating device, an incident rod, a transmission rod and a data acquisition device. The rock rod is heated by a heating device, which is capable of controlling the heating temperature and heating rate. The launching device impacts the incident rod to generate stress waves, then the stress waves are transmitted into the rock rod and finally transmitted into the transmission rod, and the buffer device is arranged behind the transmission rod and used for absorbing kinetic energy generated by impact. And measuring the strain through strain gauges attached to the incident rod and the transmission rod, and calculating the propagation condition of the stress wave in the rock rod.
The launching device comprises an air compressor, a launching chamber, different types of bullets and a base. Firstly, selecting different types of bullets according to waveforms required by experiments, putting the bullets into a launching chamber, and opening an air compressor to obtain required pressure.
The heating device comprises a heat preservation shell, a heating layer and a sealing buckle. The heat preservation shell is of a cylindrical structure, a heating layer is arranged inside the heat preservation shell, and a strip-shaped groove is formed in the heating layer and used for placing the rock rod. The zone of heating evenly distributed is around the recess, and is longer than the rock pole for evenly heat the rock pole. And the sealing plates are adopted to seal the two ends of the groove, so that the internal temperature is ensured to be constant, and the sealing buckles at the two sides are opened when the sealing device is used.
The incident rod and the transmission rod are elastic rods made of high-strength alloy and have a diameter of 5cm, a length of 3m and a density of rho 0 ＝7800kg/m -3 The static elastic modulus is 240GPa, and the wave speed is C 0 =7000m/s, wave impedance (ρ) 0 C 0 ) 1 The bearing bracket is adopted for supporting, which is convenientAnd adjusting the spatial positions of the incident rod and the transmission rod.
The data acquisition device adopts a resistance strain gauge to be externally connected with a dynamic strain gauge for data acquisition, and the sampling rate is 10Msps.
The device provided by the invention overcomes the problem that the strain gauge cannot be attached to the surface of the rock at a high temperature for data acquisition.
The invention discloses a method for indirectly obtaining the propagation characteristics of stress waves of a rock rod at high temperature by collecting strain data of an incident rod and a transmission rod through a theoretical formula, belonging to an indirect measurement method.
The invention only adopts the strain gauge and the dynamic strain gauge to detect the stress wave propagation, the whole device is convenient to install, the strain gauge can detect the strain of 1 mu epsilon, and compared with the digital image recognition technology, the invention has the advantages of low cost, strong operability, high precision and the like.
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Fig. 1 is a device for researching the propagation characteristics of stress waves in rock body fractures at high temperature.
Fig. 2 shows an incident rod and a transmission rod.
Fig. 3 is a characteristic line graph.
Fig. 4 is a waveform diagram.
FIG. 1 is an air compressor; 2, a base; 3, warhead; 4 a launching chamber; 5, sealing and buckling; 6, insulating layer; 7 heating the layer; 8, an incident rod; 9 bearing support; 10 strain gauges; 11 a transmission rod; 12 a dynamic strain gauge; 13 rock rod.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides an experimental device for researching the propagation characteristics of stress waves in rock mass at different temperatures.
The device comprises five parts, namely an emitting device, a heating device, an incidence rod, a transmission rod and a data acquisition device.
Before the experimental device is carried out, the strain gauge 10 is attached to the middle of the incident rod 8 and the transmission rod 11, and during the experiment, the rock rod 13 is heated to a specified temperature, the air compressor 1 of the launching device is turned on, then the sealing buckles 5 on the two sides of the heating device are turned on, the incident rod 8 and the transmission rod 11 are in close contact with the rock rod 13, and the warhead 3 is launched. The bullet 3 strikes an incident rod 8 to generate incident waves, the incident waves are propagated forwards, and strain data are collected through strain gauges 10 and a dynamic strain gauge 12 of the incident rod and a transmission rod.
The collected data are processed as follows:
introducing a waveform obtained by measuring an incident rod transmission rod into the exical, selecting a required waveform section, and performing mathematical operation according to a one-dimensional rod assumption and reflection transmission principle to finally obtain the attenuation coefficient and wave number of the rock rod, wherein the specific operation and principle are as follows:
according to the characteristic line of FIG. 3
Firstly, the incident wave is transmitted to the middle position of the incident rod, and the strain generated by the incident is recorded by the strain gauge 10, which corresponds to the figure 4 epsilon I (t) the stress wave propagates forward and encounters the interface I between the incident rod and the rock rod, the incident wave is reflected and transmitted due to the different wave impedances of the incident rod and the rock rod, the reflected wave returns along the incident rod, the strain generated by the reflected wave is recorded by the strain gauge, and the strain corresponds to epsilon in fig. 4 R (t)。
The transmitted wave can enter the rock rod to continue to propagate, when the transmitted wave reaches the interface T between the rock rod and the transmitted rod, the stress wave can be reflected and transmitted due to the fact that the wave impedances of the rock rod and the transmitted rod are different, and the transmitted wave enters the transmitted rod and is recorded by the strain gauge to record strain generated by the transmitted wave.
Because the rod pieces are closely contacted, the continuous condition and Newton's second law are satisfied, and the reflection coefficient F of the I interface is obtained by using the formula according to the strain data obtained by incident waves and reflected waves I And transmission coefficient T I 。
Figure BDA0002940922780000031
F I +1 I ＝T
In the formula sigma F (t)、σ I (t) stress values of reflected waves and incident waves of a strain gauge detection part in the incident rod along with time are respectively; epsilon F 、ε I Respectively measuring the reflected wave and the incident wave strain with time obtained by a strain gauge in an incident rodA value; e is the modulus of elasticity of the incident rod.
Because of the reflection coefficient F I And transmission coefficient T I The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002940922780000032
Figure BDA0002940922780000033
Figure BDA0002940922780000034
wherein (p) 0 C 0 ) 1 Wave impedance of incident rod, (ρ) 0 C 0 ) 2 Is the wave impedance of the rock rod.
Since the incident rod and the transmission rod are made of the same material, the wave impedance is known, and therefore, the wave impedance (rho) of the rock rod can be obtained 0 C 0 ) 2 。
Therefore, the reflection coefficient F of the T interface can be calculated T And transmission coefficient T T 。
Figure BDA0002940922780000041
Figure BDA0002940922780000042
Figure BDA0002940922780000043
Wherein (rho) 0 C 0 ) 1 Is the wave impedance of the incident rod, (ρ) 0 C 0 ) 2 Is the wave impedance of the rock rod.
Because the incident rod and the transmission rod are made of elastic materials, and the length is far larger than the diameter, the assumption of one-dimensional wave plane section is met. The incident rod and the transmission rod are made of elastic materials, so that the wave form cannot be attenuated and dispersed in the propagation process, and strain values at the interface can be replaced by strain gauge measurement values.
According to the incident strain and the reflection strain measured by the incident rod strain gauge, the I interface stress wave sigma of the rock rod is obtained by calculation 1 (t)：
σ I (t)＝T I Eε I (t)
According to the transmission strain measured by the transmission rod strain gauge, the T interface stress wave sigma of the rock rod is obtained by calculation T (t)。
Figure BDA0002940922780000044
In the formula epsilon T The strain value of the transmitted wave along with time measured by the strain gauge of the transmission rod is shown, and E is the elastic modulus of the incident rod and the transmission rod.
According to the formula:
Figure BDA0002940922780000045
Figure BDA0002940922780000046
obtaining the attenuation coefficient alpha (omega) and wave number k (omega) of the rock rod, wherein F is the pair sigma I (t) and σ T (t) Fourier transform, L is the rock rod length.

Claims (4)

1. An experimental device for researching propagation characteristics of stress waves in a microfracture rock mass at high temperature is characterized in that: the device comprises five parts, namely an emitting device, a heating device, an incident rod, a transmission rod and a data acquisition device; heating the rock rod by a heating device, wherein the heating device can control the heating temperature and the heating rate; the launching device impacts the incident rod to generate stress waves, then the stress waves are transmitted into the rock rod and finally transmitted into the transmission rod, and a buffer device is arranged behind the transmission rod and used for absorbing kinetic energy generated by impact; measuring strain through strain gauges attached to an incident rod and a transmission rod, and calculating to obtain the propagation condition of stress waves in the rock rod;
the data acquisition device adopts a resistance strain gauge to be externally connected with a dynamic strain gauge for data acquisition, and the sampling rate is 10Msps;
incident waves are transmitted to the middle of the incident rod, the strain produced by incidence is recorded by the strain gauge, stress waves are continuously transmitted forwards and meet an interface I between the incident rod and the rock rod, the incident waves are reflected and transmitted due to the fact that wave impedances of the incident rod and the rock rod are different, reflected waves return along the incident rod, and the strain produced by the reflected waves is recorded by the strain gauge;
the transmitted wave can enter the rock rod to continue to be transmitted, when the transmitted wave reaches the interface T between the rock rod and the transmitted rod, the stress wave can be reflected and transmitted because the wave impedances of the rock rod and the transmitted rod are different, and the transmitted wave enters the transmitted rod and is recorded by the strain gauge to record the strain generated by the transmitted wave;
because the rod pieces are in close contact, the continuity condition and the Newton second law are met, and the reflection coefficient F of the I interface is obtained by using the formula according to the strain data obtained by incident waves and reflected waves I And transmission coefficient T I ；
Figure FDA0003937539060000011
F I +1＝T I
In the formula σ F (t)、σ I (t) stress values of reflected waves and incident waves of a strain gauge detection part in the incident rod along with time are respectively; epsilon F 、ε I Respectively measuring the strain values of reflected waves and incident waves along with time, which are obtained by measuring a strain gauge in the incident rod; e is the elastic modulus of the incident rod;
reflection coefficient F I And transmission coefficient T I The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003937539060000012
Figure FDA0003937539060000013
Figure FDA0003937539060000014
wherein (p) 0 C 0 ) 1 Is the wave impedance of the incident rod, (ρ) 0 C 0 ) 2 Is the wave impedance of the rock shaft;
since the incident rod and the transmission rod are made of the same material, the wave impedance is known, and the wave impedance (rho) of the rock rod is obtained 0 C 0 ) 2 (ii) a Calculating to obtain the reflection coefficient F of the T interface T And transmission coefficient T T ；
Figure FDA0003937539060000021
Figure FDA0003937539060000022
Figure FDA0003937539060000023
Wherein (rho) 0 C 0 ) 1 Is the wave impedance of the incident rod, (ρ) 0 C 0 ) 2 Is the wave impedance of the rock shaft;
because the incident rod and the transmission rod are made of elastic materials, and the length is far greater than the diameter, the assumption of a one-dimensional wave plane section is met; the incident rod and the transmission rod are made of elastic materials, so that the wave form cannot be attenuated and dispersed in the propagation process, and the strain value at the interface is replaced by the strain gauge measurement value;
according to the introductionThe incident strain and the reflection strain measured by the shooting rod strain gauge are calculated to obtain the I interface stress wave sigma of the rock rod 1 (t)：
σ I (t)＝T I Eε I (t)
According to the transmission strain measured by the transmission rod strain gauge, the T interface stress wave sigma of the rock rod is obtained by calculation T (t)；
Figure FDA0003937539060000024
In the formula epsilon T The strain value of the transmitted wave along with time is obtained by measuring the strain gauge of the transmission rod, and E is the elastic modulus of the incident rod and the transmission rod;
according to the formula:
Figure FDA0003937539060000025
Figure FDA0003937539060000026
obtaining the attenuation coefficient alpha (omega) and wave number k (omega) of the rock rod, wherein F is the pair sigma I (t) and σ T (t) Fourier transform, L is the rock rod length.
2. The experimental device for researching propagation characteristics of the stress wave in the microcracked rock mass at the high temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: the launching device comprises an air compressor, a launching chamber and different warheads; and selecting different types of warheads according to waveforms required by experiments, putting the warheads into a launching chamber, and turning on an air compressor to obtain required pressure.
3. The experimental device for researching the propagation characteristics of the stress wave in the microfracture rock body at the high temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the heating device comprises a heat preservation shell, a heating layer and a sealing buckle; the heat preservation shell is of a cylindrical structure, the heating layer is arranged inside the heat preservation shell, and a strip-shaped groove is formed in the heating layer and used for placing the rock rod; the heating layers are uniformly distributed around the groove, are longer than the rock rods and are used for uniformly heating the rock rods; and the sealing plates are adopted to seal the two ends of the groove, so that the constant internal temperature is ensured.
4. The experimental device for researching the propagation characteristics of the stress wave in the microfracture rock body at the high temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the incident rod and the transmission rod are elastic rods and are made of high-strength alloy.
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CN113866023B (en) * 2021-08-27 2023-11-10 北京工业大学 Method for predicting stress wave size in rock rod
CN113865987B (en) * 2021-08-27 2023-12-08 北京工业大学 Device for non-contact detection of real-time high Wen Yanti propagation coefficient by utilizing laser range finder
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CN113686967B (en) * 2021-09-03 2024-02-27 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 Method for reducing influence of boundary reflection effect on stress wave propagation test data

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