CN112986012A - Experimental device for research stress wave propagation characteristic in rock mass under high temperature - Google Patents

Experimental device for research stress wave propagation characteristic in rock mass under high temperature Download PDF

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CN112986012A
CN112986012A CN202110179092.4A CN202110179092A CN112986012A CN 112986012 A CN112986012 A CN 112986012A CN 202110179092 A CN202110179092 A CN 202110179092A CN 112986012 A CN112986012 A CN 112986012A
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rock
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CN112986012B (en
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范立峰
杨崎浩
高经纬
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/001—Impulsive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors

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Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental device for researching propagation characteristics of stress waves in a rock mass at high temperature, which comprises five parts, namely an emitting device, a heating device, an incident rod, a transmission rod and a data acquisition device. The rock rod is heated by a heating device, which is capable of controlling the heating temperature and heating rate. The launching device impacts the incident rod to generate stress waves, then the stress waves are transmitted into the rock rod and finally transmitted into the transmission rod, and the buffer device is arranged behind the transmission rod and used for absorbing kinetic energy generated by impact. And measuring the strain through strain gauges attached to the incident rod and the transmission rod, and calculating the propagation condition of the stress wave in the rock rod. The invention relates to a method for indirectly obtaining the stress wave propagation characteristic of a rock rod at high temperature by collecting strain data of an incident rod and a transmission rod through a theoretical formula, belonging to an indirect measurement method. The strain gauge can detect the strain of 1 mu epsilon, and has the advantages of low cost, strong operability, high precision and the like compared with a digital image recognition technology.

Description

Experimental device for research stress wave propagation characteristic in rock mass under high temperature
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device for researching propagation characteristics of stress waves in a rock mass at different temperatures, and belongs to the technical field of rock mass mechanics experiments.
Background
With the increasing depth of underground engineering construction, the problem of high ground temperature is inevitably encountered, and the exploration of the physical properties of rocks at high temperature has become a popular topic in recent years. When the propagation of the stress wave in the high-temperature rock body is researched, due to the limitations of the strain gauge and the adhesive, the stress wave cannot be adhered to the surface of the rock body at high temperature, so that the propagation characteristic of the stress wave in the high-temperature rock body cannot be measured. At present, the propagation characteristic of the stress wave in the rock mass only stays in a normal temperature experiment, and because the rock mass is degraded at high temperature and the propagation characteristic is changed, the design of a set of device capable of researching the propagation characteristic of the stress wave of the rock mass at high temperature becomes more important.
The strain due to stress wave propagation is small (0 to 10)-4) The duration is short, a high sampling rate (10Msps) instrument is required during monitoring, and problems of insufficient resolution, insufficient sampling rate, high price and the like can be faced when indirect measurement methods such as DIC and speckle interference are adopted. Therefore, the device for indirectly measuring by adopting the two normal temperature rods has the advantages of high precision, low selling price and strong operability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an experimental device for researching the propagation characteristics of stress waves in a micro-fractured rock body at high temperature. The propagation rule of the stress wave in the rock rod is indirectly obtained by using the measurement data of the incident rod and the transmission rod through the propagation rule of the stress wave in different media, the defect that the dynamic strain of the rock cannot be measured by the conventional strain gauge at high temperature is overcome, the sampling rate is higher and can reach 10Msps compared with other non-contact measurement methods (such as DIC and speckle interference), and the measurement range can be 0-10-4A slight strain of.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an experimental device for researching the propagation characteristics of stress waves in a micro-fractured rock mass at high temperature. The device comprises five parts, namely an emitting device, a heating device, an incident rod, a transmission rod and a data acquisition device. The rock rod is heated by a heating device, which is capable of controlling the heating temperature and heating rate. The launching device impacts the incident rod to generate stress waves, then the stress waves are transmitted into the rock rod and finally transmitted into the transmission rod, and the buffer device is arranged behind the transmission rod and used for absorbing kinetic energy generated by impact. And measuring the strain through strain gauges attached to the incident rod and the transmission rod, and calculating the propagation condition of the stress wave in the rock rod.
The launching device comprises an air compressor, a launching chamber, different types of bullets and a base. Firstly, selecting different types of bullets according to waveforms required by experiments, putting the bullets into a launching chamber, and opening an air compressor to obtain required pressure.
The heating device comprises a heat preservation shell, a heating layer and a sealing buckle. The heat preservation shell is of a cylindrical structure, a heating layer is arranged inside the heat preservation shell, and a strip-shaped groove is formed in the heating layer and used for placing the rock rod. The zone of heating evenly distributed is around the recess, and is longer than the rock pole for evenly heat the rock pole. And the sealing plates are adopted to seal the two ends of the groove, so that the internal temperature is ensured to be constant, and the sealing buckles at the two sides are opened when the sealing device is used.
The incident rod and the transmission rod are elastic rods made of high-strength alloy and have a diameter of 5cm, a length of 3m and a density of rho0＝7800kg/m-3Static elastic modulus of 240GPa and wave velocity of C07000m/s, wave impedance (p)0C0)1And the bearing support is adopted for supporting, so that the spatial positions of the incident rod and the transmission rod can be conveniently adjusted.
The data acquisition device adopts a resistance strain gauge to be externally connected with a dynamic strain gauge for data acquisition, and the sampling rate is 10 Msps.
The device provided by the invention overcomes the problem that the strain gauge cannot be attached to the surface of the rock at a high temperature for data acquisition.
The invention discloses a method for indirectly obtaining the propagation characteristics of stress waves of a rock rod at high temperature by collecting strain data of an incident rod and a transmission rod through a theoretical formula, belonging to an indirect measurement method.
The strain gauge is used for detecting the stress wave propagation only by adopting the strain gauge and the dynamic strain gauge, the whole device is convenient to install, the strain gauge can detect the strain of 1 mu epsilon, and compared with a digital image recognition technology, the strain gauge has the advantages of low cost, strong operability, high precision and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a device for researching the propagation characteristics of stress waves in rock body fractures at high temperature.
Fig. 2 shows an incident rod and a transmission rod.
Fig. 3 is a characteristic line graph.
Fig. 4 is a waveform diagram.
FIG. 1 is an air compressor; 2, a base; 3, warhead; 4 an emission chamber; 5, sealing and buckling; 6, insulating layer; 7 heating the layer; 8, an incident rod; 9 bearing support; 10 strain gauges; 11 a transmission rod; 12 a dynamic strain gauge; 13 rock rod.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides an experimental device for researching the propagation characteristics of stress waves in rock mass at different temperatures.
The device comprises five parts, namely an emitting device, a heating device, an incidence rod, a transmission rod and a data acquisition device.
Before the experimental device is carried out, the strain gauge 10 is attached to the middle part of the incident rod 8 and the transmission rod 11, and during the experiment, the rock rod 13 is heated to a specified temperature, the air compressor 1 of the emitting device is turned on, then the sealing buckles 5 on the two sides of the heating device are turned on, the incident rod 8 and the transmission rod 11 are in close contact with the rock rod 13, and the warhead 3 is emitted. The bullet 3 strikes an incident rod 8 to generate incident waves, the incident waves are propagated forwards, and strain data are collected through strain gauges 10 and a dynamic strain gauge 12 of the incident rod and a transmission rod.
The collected data are processed as follows:
introducing a waveform obtained by measuring an incident rod transmission rod into the exical, selecting a required waveform section, and performing mathematical operation according to a one-dimensional rod assumption and reflection transmission principle to finally obtain the attenuation coefficient and wave number of the rock rod, wherein the specific operation and principle are as follows:
according to the characteristic line of FIG. 3
Firstly, the incident wave is transmitted to the middle position of the incident rod, and the strain generated by the incident is recorded by the strain gauge 10, which corresponds to the figure 4 epsilonI(t) the stress wave propagates forward and encounters the interface I between the incident rod and the rock rod, the incident wave is reflected and transmitted due to the different wave impedances of the incident rod and the rock rod, the reflected wave returns along the incident rod, the strain generated by the reflected wave is recorded by the strain gauge, and the strain corresponds to epsilon in fig. 4R(t)。
The transmitted wave can enter the rock rod to continue to propagate, when the transmitted wave reaches the interface T between the rock rod and the transmitted rod, the stress wave can be reflected and transmitted due to the fact that wave impedances of the rock rod and the transmitted rod are different, the transmitted wave enters the transmitted rod, and strain generated by the transmitted wave is recorded by the strain gauge.
Because the rod pieces are closely contacted, the continuous condition and Newton's second law are satisfied, and the reflection coefficient F of the I interface is obtained by using the formula according to the strain data obtained by incident waves and reflected wavesIAnd transmission coefficient TI。
Figure BDA0002940922780000031
FI+1I＝T
In the formula sigmaF(t)、σI(t) stress values of reflected waves and incident waves of a strain gauge detection part in the incident rod along with time are respectively; epsilonF、εIRespectively measuring the strain values of reflected waves and incident waves along with time, which are obtained by measuring a strain gauge in the incident rod; e is the modulus of elasticity of the incident rod.
Because of the reflection coefficient FIAnd transmission coefficient TIThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002940922780000032
Figure BDA0002940922780000033
Figure BDA0002940922780000034
wherein (p)0C0)1Is the wave impedance of the incident rod, (ρ)0C0)2Is the wave impedance of the rock rod.
Since the incident rod and the transmission rod are made of the same material, the wave impedance is known, so that the wave impedance (rho) of the rock rod can be obtained0C0)2。
Therefore, the inverse of the T interface can be calculatedCoefficient of transmission FTAnd transmission coefficient TT。
Figure BDA0002940922780000041
Figure BDA0002940922780000042
Figure BDA0002940922780000043
Wherein (p)0C0)1Is the wave impedance of the incident rod, (ρ)0C0)2Is the wave impedance of the rock rod.
Because the incident rod and the transmission rod are made of elastic materials, and the length is far larger than the diameter, the assumption of one-dimensional wave plane section is met. The incident rod and the transmission rod are made of elastic materials, so that the wave form cannot be attenuated and dispersed in the propagation process, and strain values at the interface can be replaced by strain gauge measurement values.
According to the incident strain and the reflection strain measured by the incident rod strain gauge, the I interface stress wave sigma of the rock rod is obtained through calculation1(t)：
σI(t)＝TIEεI(t)
According to the transmission strain measured by the transmission rod strain gauge, the T interface stress wave sigma of the rock rod is obtained by calculationT(t)。
Figure BDA0002940922780000044
In the formula ofTThe strain value of the transmitted wave along with time measured by the strain gauge of the transmission rod is shown, and E is the elastic modulus of the incident rod and the transmission rod.
According to the formula:
Figure BDA0002940922780000045
Figure BDA0002940922780000046
obtaining the attenuation coefficient alpha (omega) and the wave number k (omega) of the rock rod, wherein F is the pair sigmaI(t) and σT(t) Fourier transform, L is the rock rod length.

Claims (5)

1. An experimental device for researching propagation characteristics of stress waves in a microfracture rock mass at high temperature is characterized in that: the device comprises five parts, namely an emitting device, a heating device, an incident rod, a transmission rod and a data acquisition device; heating the rock rod by a heating device, wherein the heating device can control the heating temperature and the heating rate; the launching device impacts an incident rod to generate stress waves, then the stress waves are transmitted into the rock rod and finally transmitted into the transmission rod, and a buffer device is arranged behind the transmission rod and used for absorbing kinetic energy generated by impact; and measuring the strain through strain gauges attached to the incident rod and the transmission rod, and calculating the propagation condition of the stress wave in the rock rod.
2. The experimental device for researching the propagation characteristics of the stress wave in the microfracture rock body at the high temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the launching device comprises an air compressor, a launching chamber and different warheads; different types of bullets are selected according to waveforms required by experiments, the bullets are placed into the launching chamber, and the air compressor is started to obtain required pressure.
3. The experimental device for researching the propagation characteristics of the stress wave in the microfracture rock body at the high temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the heating device comprises a heat preservation shell, a heating layer and a sealing buckle; the heat preservation shell is of a cylindrical structure, the heating layer is arranged inside the heat preservation shell, and a strip-shaped groove is formed in the heating layer and used for placing the rock rod; the heating layers are uniformly distributed around the groove, are longer than the rock rods and are used for uniformly heating the rock rods; and the sealing plates are adopted to seal the two ends of the groove, so that the constant internal temperature is ensured.
4. The experimental device for researching the propagation characteristics of the stress wave in the microfracture rock body at the high temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the incident rod and the transmission rod are elastic rods and are made of high-strength alloy.
5. The experimental device for researching the propagation characteristics of the stress wave in the microfracture rock body at the high temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the data acquisition device adopts a resistance strain gauge to be externally connected with a dynamic strain gauge for data acquisition, and the sampling rate is 10 Msps;
incident waves are transmitted to the middle of the incident rod, the strain produced by incidence is recorded by the strain gauge, stress waves are continuously transmitted forwards and meet an interface I between the incident rod and the rock rod, the incident waves are reflected and transmitted due to the fact that wave impedances of the incident rod and the rock rod are different, reflected waves return along the incident rod, and the strain produced by the reflected waves is recorded by the strain gauge;
the transmitted wave can enter the rock rod to continue to be transmitted, when the transmitted wave reaches the interface T of the rock rod and the transmitted rod, the stress wave can be reflected and transmitted due to the fact that wave impedances of the rock rod and the transmitted rod are different, the transmitted wave enters the transmitted rod, and strain generated by the transmitted wave is recorded by the strain gauge;
because the rod pieces are closely contacted, the continuous condition and Newton's second law are satisfied, and the reflection coefficient F of the I interface is obtained by using the formula according to the strain data obtained by incident waves and reflected wavesIAnd transmission coefficient TI；
Figure FDA0002940922770000021
FI+1I＝T
In the formula sigmaF(t)、σI(t) stress values of reflected waves and incident waves of a strain gauge detection part in the incident rod along with time are respectively; epsilonF、εIOf reflected and incident waves over time, measured by strain gauges in the incident beamA strain value; e is the elastic modulus of the incident rod;
reflection coefficient FIAnd transmission coefficient TIThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002940922770000022
Figure FDA0002940922770000023
Figure FDA0002940922770000024
wherein (p)0C0)1Is the wave impedance of the incident rod, (ρ)0C0)2Is the wave impedance of the rock shaft;
since the incident rod and the transmission rod are made of the same material, the wave impedance is known, and the wave impedance (rho) of the rock rod is obtained0C0)2(ii) a Calculating to obtain the reflection coefficient F of the T interfaceTAnd transmission coefficient TT；
Figure FDA0002940922770000025
Figure FDA0002940922770000026
Figure FDA0002940922770000027
Wherein (p)0C0)1Is the wave impedance of the incident rod, (ρ)0C0)2Is the wave impedance of the rock shaft;
because the incident rod and the transmission rod are made of elastic materials, and the length is far greater than the diameter, the assumption of a one-dimensional wave plane section is met; the incident rod and the transmission rod are made of elastic materials, so that the wave form cannot be attenuated and dispersed in the propagation process, and the strain value at the interface is replaced by the strain gauge measurement value;
according to the incident strain and the reflection strain measured by the incident rod strain gauge, the I interface stress wave sigma of the rock rod is obtained through calculation1(t)：
σI(t)＝TIEεI(t)
According to the transmission strain measured by the transmission rod strain gauge, the T interface stress wave sigma of the rock rod is obtained by calculationT(t)；
Figure FDA0002940922770000031
In the formula ofTThe strain value of the transmitted wave along with time is obtained by measuring the strain gauge of the transmission rod, and E is the elastic modulus of the incident rod and the transmission rod;
according to the formula:
Figure FDA0002940922770000032
Figure FDA0002940922770000033
obtaining the attenuation coefficient alpha (omega) and the wave number k (omega) of the rock rod, wherein F is the pair sigmaI(t) and σT(t) Fourier transform, L is the rock rod length.
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CN113686967A (en) * 2021-09-03 2021-11-23 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 Method for reducing influence of boundary reflection effect on stress wave propagation test data
CN113865987A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-12-31 北京工业大学 Device for non-contact detection of real-time high-temperature rock mass propagation coefficient by using laser range finder
CN113865986A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-12-31 北京工业大学 Device for non-contact detection of real-time high-temperature rock mass propagation coefficient by utilizing high-speed camera and DIC (digital image computer) technology
CN113866023A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-12-31 北京工业大学 Method for predicting magnitude of stress wave in rock rod

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CN113865987A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-12-31 北京工业大学 Device for non-contact detection of real-time high-temperature rock mass propagation coefficient by using laser range finder
CN113865986A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-12-31 北京工业大学 Device for non-contact detection of real-time high-temperature rock mass propagation coefficient by utilizing high-speed camera and DIC (digital image computer) technology
CN113866023A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-12-31 北京工业大学 Method for predicting magnitude of stress wave in rock rod
CN113866023B (en) * 2021-08-27 2023-11-10 北京工业大学 Method for predicting stress wave size in rock rod
CN113865987B (en) * 2021-08-27 2023-12-08 北京工业大学 Device for non-contact detection of real-time high Wen Yanti propagation coefficient by utilizing laser range finder
CN113865986B (en) * 2021-08-27 2023-12-29 北京工业大学 Real-time high Wen Yanti propagation coefficient device by using high-speed camera and DIC technology in non-contact detection
CN113686967A (en) * 2021-09-03 2021-11-23 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 Method for reducing influence of boundary reflection effect on stress wave propagation test data
CN113686967B (en) * 2021-09-03 2024-02-27 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 Method for reducing influence of boundary reflection effect on stress wave propagation test data

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