CN112985295A - Method for manufacturing large sculpture - Google Patents
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- CN112985295A CN112985295A CN202110162297.1A CN202110162297A CN112985295A CN 112985295 A CN112985295 A CN 112985295A CN 202110162297 A CN202110162297 A CN 202110162297A CN 112985295 A CN112985295 A CN 112985295A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
- B44C3/06—Sculpturing
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- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a large sculpture, which comprises the following steps: s1: a mapping stage; s2: a sample making stage; s3: a virtual three-dimensional model making stage; s4: simulating a three-dimensional environment; s5: a three-dimensional environment and a three-dimensional model are synthesized; s6: a vision correction stage; s7: building block size data determining stage; s8: building block carving; s9: building block assembling; s10: and (5) a stone-like paint painting and polishing stage. The invention utilizes the virtual reality technology to restore the natural environment of the sculpture installation and the real size of the sculpture in the virtual world, so that a sculpture designer can more intuitively and accurately observe the real perspective effect of the sculpture and correct the three-dimensional data of the sculpture. The large sculpture has reasonable and tight manufacturing process, convenient assembly and natural coordination with the surrounding environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sculpture manufacturing, in particular to a manufacturing method of a large sculpture.
Background
As an art, the history of development is long, and the application of sculptures to the ancient greeks and the ancient dynasties of china has entered daily life. The sculpture shows the love of people to life, shows the intrinsic existence of human spiritual civilization, is an excellent sculpture and even a culture carrier, and records the inheritance of human civilization. With the development of society, sculptures are more widely integrated into people's daily life and urban culture construction. The large sculpture is an important carrier for urban environment, cultural tourism and humanistic commemoration, and occupies an important position in our lives.
The conventional sculpture development is mainly divided into stages of sculpture design and sculpture model making, sculpture model evaluation, sculpture making and readjustment.
In the sculpture design stage, a sculpture designer designs a small sculpture model according to the design idea of the sculpture designer, then the effect of the sculpture is evaluated through a small expert evaluation group before the sculpture is formally put into construction of a large sculpture, and the sculpture designer modifies the sculpture according to the opinion of an expert until the sculpture passes the evaluation.
Chinese patent (CN104015535B) discloses a sculpture replication and amplification method, which includes making a small sculpture, performing three-dimensional scanning on the small sculpture to obtain sculpture three-dimensional data, amplifying the three-dimensional data in equal proportion, slicing and segmenting to obtain sculpture three-dimensional data, and then carving and assembling. The method has the disadvantages that in the first copying and amplifying process, the amplified three-dimensional data is not adjusted and corrected, so that the sculpture is distorted, and particularly the facial expression of the sculpture is not soft and is stiff; and secondly, the sculpture and the environment of the place where the sculpture is placed are not simulated, so that after the sculpture is installed, the sculpture and the environment are not coordinated, and the significance of the sculpture is lost.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for manufacturing a large sculpture, which addresses the shortcomings and drawbacks of the prior art.
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a large sculpture, which comprises the following steps:
s1: and (3) mapping: surveying and mapping the installation place of the large sculpture on the spot to determine the size data of the large sculpture;
s2: a sample making stage: according to the size data of the large sculpture, making a sculpture sample draft of the sculpture according to the reduction of the proportion;
s3: the virtual three-dimensional model is manufactured: scanning the sample draft by a three-dimensional laser scanning device to obtain three-dimensional data of the sample draft and construct a complete sculpture three-dimensional model;
s4: and (3) simulating a three-dimensional environment stage: constructing an environment three-dimensional model by using three-dimensional software according to the land data mapped in the step S1;
s5: and (3) synthesizing the three-dimensional environment and the three-dimensional model: arranging the sculpture three-dimensional model into an environment three-dimensional model, and virtualizing the future sculpture formed situation including the field visual situation of an observer in a computer;
s6: and (3) vision correction stage: amplifying the sculpture three-dimensional model in the environment three-dimensional model, performing perspective, observing perspective errors, and adjusting and modifying the sculpture three-dimensional data to form a sculpture three-dimensional data manuscript if the vision is deformed;
s7: building block size data determining stage: firstly carrying out internal hollowing on the three-dimensional data of the sculpture after finalizing, then carrying out row-by-row block cutting, numbering each block, and obtaining the three-dimensional data of each block;
s8: building block carving stage: carving each building block by using a carving machine;
s9: building block assembling stage: in a placement place, the building blocks are adhered and assembled according to the row numbers and the line numbers of the building blocks, and after the assembly is finished, the joints are polished;
s10: and (3) stone-like paint painting and polishing: and (5) spraying paint on the surface of the sculpture by using stone-like paint, and grinding and polishing.
Further, in step S1, the ratio of the actual size of the sculpture to the size of the proof is 10: 1-8:1, manually making a sample according to the reduced ratio data, and making sample points, lines, surface outlines and relative position information. Generally, the closer the sample size is to the actual size, the smaller the distortion when the scanned data is scaled up to the actual size, but the large-scale sculpture means that the difference between the actual size and the sample size is larger, preferably 10:1, and the three-dimensional data is convenient to edit and modify.
Further, in step S3, scanning the sample document with a three-dimensional laser scanning device includes:
(1) recording three-dimensional coordinates, reflectivity and texture information of a large number of dense points on the surface of a measured object by utilizing the principle of laser ranging;
(2) rapidly reconstructing a three-dimensional model of a measured target and various drawing data of lines, surfaces and bodies, namely three-dimensional coordinate values of points on the surface of an object to obtain cloud information of the points on the surface of the object;
(3) and (3) building a sculpture three-dimensional model by utilizing a computing mechanism according to the cloud information in the step (2).
Further, in step S6, the process from the original to the enlargement of the sculpture includes the installation area and size, the height ratio of the surrounding scenery to the large sculpture, the visual relationship of the viewer, the enlarged perspective error and the visual deformation, and the three-dimensional data of the sculpture is corrected according to the requirements, so that the sculpture of the final finalized sculpture is matched with the environment.
Further, when the block size is determined by dicing in step S7, it is ensured that the block does not exceed the dimension of the stone material, which is convenient for cost control and easy operability.
Further, when the sculptured three-dimensional model is diced in step S7, the cut line avoids the fine patterns or protruding fragile portions of the sculpture, facilitating the transportation of the blocks, and enabling the joints not to affect the overall visual effect.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a method for making large sculpture, which adopts the technical scheme that the perspective correction stage of the sculpture is advanced to the model making stage and the evaluation stage to complete, so that the low efficiency and inaccuracy of the sculpture making process caused by sculpture adjustment in the making stage are avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions are provided only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The manufacturing steps of the invention are concretely explained by combining the Yuelongshan scenic spot Buddha project:
s1: and (3) mapping: carrying out on-site surveying and mapping on the installation place of the large sculpture, wherein the on-site surveying and mapping aims at two, namely, an environment three-dimensional model is convenient to construct in software, and the size data of the large sculpture is determined; in the Yuelongshan scenic spot lying Buddha project, the height of a mountain is not more than the height of the mountain, and the length of the lying Buddha is determined to be 50 meters according to the type of the lying Buddha.
S2: a sample making stage: according to the size data of the large sculpture, the size is reduced according to a ratio of 10:1, and a crouching clay sculpture sample manuscript with the length of 5 meters is manufactured;
s3: the virtual three-dimensional model is manufactured: scanning the sample draft by a three-dimensional laser scanning device to obtain three-dimensional data of the sample draft and construct a complete sculpture three-dimensional model;
s4: and (3) simulating a three-dimensional environment stage: constructing an environment three-dimensional model by using three-dimensional software according to the land data mapped in the step S1;
s5: and (3) synthesizing the three-dimensional environment and the three-dimensional model: arranging the sculpture three-dimensional model into an environment three-dimensional model, and virtualizing the future sculpture formed situation including the field visual situation of an observer in a computer;
s6: and (3) vision correction stage: amplifying the sculpture three-dimensional model in the environment three-dimensional model, performing perspective, observing perspective errors, and adjusting and modifying the sculpture three-dimensional data to form a sculpture three-dimensional data manuscript if the vision is deformed; the three-dimensional data of the sculpture is corrected through the arrangement area and the size, the height proportion of surrounding scenery and the large sculpture, the visual relation of an observer, the amplified perspective error and the visual deformation, so that the finally finalized sculpture is matched with the environment.
S7: building block size data determining stage: the three-dimensional data of the sculpture after finalizing is firstly subjected to internal hollowing treatment, and the thickness of the shell reserved after hollowing is generally the best within the specification of stone, namely the best within 2.6 m; then, cutting the blocks in rows and columns, numbering each block, and obtaining three-dimensional data of each block; when the size of the building block is determined by cutting the blocks, the dimension of the building block not exceeding the dimension of the stone is also the best. In the project of lying Buddha in scenic spots of the Yuelongshan department, the length of the cut blocks is about 2.5 meters generally, the cut blocks are close to the specification of stone materials, the carving amount is relatively small, and the cost is saved.
S8: building block carving stage: carving each building block by using a plain carving machine; the serial number of the building block needs to be marked on the building block immediately after the carving is finished, so that the later-stage assembly is facilitated.
S9: building block assembling stage: in a placement place, the building blocks are adhered and assembled according to the row numbers and the line numbers of the building blocks, and after the assembly is finished, the joints are polished;
s10: and (3) stone-like paint painting and polishing: and (5) spraying paint on the surface of the sculpture by using stone-like paint, and grinding and polishing.
Further, in step S3, scanning the sample document with a three-dimensional laser scanning device includes:
(1) recording three-dimensional coordinates, reflectivity and texture information of a large number of dense points on the surface of a measured object by utilizing the principle of laser ranging;
(2) rapidly reconstructing a three-dimensional model of a measured target and various drawing data of lines, surfaces and bodies, namely three-dimensional coordinate values of points on the surface of an object to obtain cloud information of the points on the surface of the object;
(3) and (3) building a sculpture three-dimensional model by utilizing a computing mechanism according to the cloud information in the step (2).
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention aims at various problems in the process from sample manuscript to amplification of sculpture. For example, the field area and size of the viewing environment, the height ratio of surrounding scenery to the large sculpture, the visual relationship of the viewer, the magnified perspective error, the visual distortion and the like, and the three-dimensional scanning technology is used for magnifying the sculpture in the virtual space to correct the problems of the visual perspective deviation and the like in the solid sculpture construction.
The innovation of the invention is as follows: the three-dimensional scanning technology is utilized in the process of sculpture creation. The three-dimensional scanning technology is an advanced full-automatic high-precision three-dimensional scanning technology, and point cloud information of the surface of an object is obtained by measuring three-dimensional coordinate values of surface points of the object in space and is converted into a three-dimensional model which can be directly processed by a computer, and the three-dimensional scanning technology is also called as a real scene replication technology. The three-dimensional scanning technology is characterized in that a three-dimensional model of a measured object and various drawing data such as lines, surfaces and bodies can be quickly reconstructed by recording information such as three-dimensional coordinates, reflectivity, texture and the like of a large number of dense points on the surface of the measured object by utilizing a laser ranging principle.
The specific operation flow of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of reducing a large sculpture according to a certain proportion, making a sample manuscript, and scanning the sample manuscript by using three-dimensional scanning equipment, so as to obtain three-dimensional data of the manuscript and construct a complete three-dimensional model. The three-dimensional environment for placing the sculpture is simulated by utilizing the three-dimensional software, the sculpture three-dimensional model is placed in the three-dimensional environment, and the condition of the sculpture formed in the future, including the field visual situation of an observer, is virtualized in the computer, so that the effect of real-time preview is achieved.
The model scanning process of the present invention is set out as follows:
(1) and 5-10 cm of laser spots are adhered on the scanning model.
(2) The distance between the handheld scanner and the scanned object is kept about 30 cm.
(3) And (5) scanning and imaging.
(4) And (5) performing post-computer processing.
The invention relates to three-dimensional scanning imaging, which is stated as follows: the three-dimensional scanning technology is an advanced full-automatic high-precision three-dimensional scanning technology, and point cloud information of the surface of an object is obtained by measuring three-dimensional coordinate values of surface points of the object in space and is converted into a three-dimensional model which can be directly processed by a computer, and the three-dimensional scanning technology is also called as a real scene replication technology. The technology is a high and new technology integrating light, machinery, electricity and computers. The technology can be used as an effective means for acquiring spatial data to quickly acquire information reflecting real-time dynamic changes and real morphological characteristics of objective objects. The three-dimensional scanner is a front-end device for inputting information by a computer, which is developed aiming at the development of the field of three-dimensional information, and can obtain a three-dimensional image of a real object and the real color of the object on the computer only by scanning any actual object. Three-dimensional scanners fall into two broad categories: contact and contactless. The contact type is provided with a three-coordinate measuring machine and a milling measuring machine; non-contact scanners are laser scanners, photographic scanners, CT scanners.
The three-dimensional scanning technology related in the invention is a new technology appearing in recent years, and draws more and more attention in the research field in China. The method utilizes the principle of laser ranging, and can quickly reconstruct a three-dimensional model of a measured object and various drawing data such as lines, surfaces, bodies and the like by recording information such as three-dimensional coordinates, reflectivity, textures and the like of a large number of dense points on the surface of the measured object. Since the three-dimensional laser scanning system can densely acquire a large number of data points of the target object, the three-dimensional laser scanning technology is also referred to as a revolutionary technical breakthrough that evolves from single-point measurement to surface measurement, compared to the conventional single-point measurement. The technology also has many attempts, applications and exploration in the fields of historical relic protection, construction, planning, civil engineering, factory improvement, indoor design, building monitoring, traffic accident treatment, legal evidence collection, disaster assessment, ship design, digital cities, military analysis and the like. The three-dimensional laser scanning system comprises a hardware part for data acquisition and a software part for data processing. According to the difference of carriers, three-dimensional laser scanning systems can be divided into airborne, vehicle-mounted, ground and handheld types.
The three-dimensional laser scanner (three-dimensional laser scanning device) related in the present invention has the following features:
(1) the non-contact measurement is to directly collect the three-dimensional data of the object surface without any surface treatment on the scanning target object, can be used for solving the problem that dangerous targets, environments and personnel are difficult to reach, and has the technical advantage that the traditional measurement mode is difficult to complete.
(2) At present, the sampling point rate of the three-dimensional laser scanner adopting pulse laser or time laser can reach thousands of points per second, and the three-dimensional laser scanner adopting the phase laser method for measurement can even reach hundreds of thousands of points per second.
(3) The scanning light source, namely laser, is actively emitted, and the data information of the target object is acquired by detecting the laser echo signal emitted by the scanning light source, so that the measurement is carried out without the space-time constraint of the scanning environment in the scanning process.
(4) The high-resolution and high-precision three-dimensional laser scanning technology can quickly and precisely acquire mass point cloud data and can carry out high-density three-dimensional data acquisition on a scanned target, so that the aim of high resolution is fulfilled.
(5) The data acquired by the three-dimensional laser scanning technology is digital signals which are directly acquired, has full digital characteristics and is easy for post processing and output. Can exchange and share data with other common software.
(6) The three-dimensional laser scanning system can be matched with an external digital camera and a GPS system to use the functions, so that the application range of the three-dimensional laser scanning technology is greatly expanded, and the information can be acquired more comprehensively and accurately.
The invention has the following significance: the method breaks through the limitation of the traditional sculpture design, changes the static mode which is not easy to modify and copy originally into a dynamic mode, injects new vitality into the development of the large-scale city sculpture in a virtual and real high-efficiency shortcut mode, and has important significance for the epoch-making change of a large-scale sculpture manufacturing system.
The application of the invention is as follows: make the sculpture model digitization through three-dimensional sampling, the adjustment of sculpture model becomes simple convenient, has realized virtual space simulation to large-scale sculpture for designer and constructor alright preview in advance final effect before the design stage, convenient adjustment and correction, objective data can help establishing more objective convincing advance mechanism, more help also reducing the risk that irreversible factor brought in the combination of intention stage idea and reality.
The invention has the advantages that: firstly, the method has the advantages of convenience, objectivity, previewing of final effect, data prediction, risk reduction and the like. Secondly, the cost of manufacturing the large sculpture can be greatly reduced, energy and financial labor are saved, and the large sculpture can be more harmonious with the surrounding environment. Thirdly, the research of the invention has obvious economic benefit and social benefit and good application prospect.
The method has the advantages of convenience, objectivity, previewing final effect, data prediction, risk reduction and the like; it can make the cost greatly reduced of making large-scale sculpture, and energy saving and financial resources are artifical, can let large-scale sculpture and surrounding environment fuse more harmonious simultaneously. Therefore, the research has obvious economic benefit and social benefit and good application prospect.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made based on the features and principles described in the claims of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for manufacturing a large sculpture is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: and (3) mapping: surveying and mapping the installation place of the large sculpture on the spot to determine the size data of the large sculpture;
s2: a sample making stage: according to the size data of the large sculpture, making a sculpture sample draft of the sculpture according to the reduction of the proportion;
s3: the virtual three-dimensional model is manufactured: scanning the sample draft by a three-dimensional laser scanning device to obtain three-dimensional data of the sample draft and construct a complete sculpture three-dimensional model;
s4: and (3) simulating a three-dimensional environment stage: constructing an environment three-dimensional model by using three-dimensional software according to the land data mapped in the step S1;
s5: and (3) synthesizing the three-dimensional environment and the three-dimensional model: arranging the sculpture three-dimensional model into an environment three-dimensional model, and virtualizing the future sculpture formed situation including the field visual situation of an observer in a computer;
s6: and (3) vision correction stage: amplifying the sculpture three-dimensional model in the environment three-dimensional model, performing perspective, observing perspective errors, and adjusting and modifying the sculpture three-dimensional data to form a sculpture three-dimensional data manuscript if the vision is deformed;
s7: building block size data determining stage: firstly carrying out internal hollowing on the three-dimensional data of the sculpture after finalizing, then carrying out row-by-row block cutting, numbering each block, and obtaining the three-dimensional data of each block;
s8: building block carving stage: carving each building block by using a carving machine;
s9: building block assembling stage: in a placement place, the building blocks are adhered and assembled according to the row numbers and the line numbers of the building blocks, and after the assembly is finished, the joints are polished;
s10: and (3) stone-like paint painting and polishing: and (5) spraying paint on the surface of the sculpture by using stone-like paint, and grinding and polishing.
2. The method of manufacturing a large sculpture according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the ratio of the actual size of the sculpture to the size of the proof is 10: 1-8:1, manually making a sample according to the reduced ratio data, and making sample points, lines, surface outlines and relative position information.
3. The method of manufacturing a large sculpture according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, scanning the sample document with a three-dimensional laser scanning device, specifically including:
(1) recording three-dimensional coordinates, reflectivity and texture information of a large number of dense points on the surface of a measured object by utilizing the principle of laser ranging;
(2) rapidly reconstructing a three-dimensional model of a measured target and various drawing data of lines, surfaces and bodies, namely three-dimensional coordinate values of points on the surface of an object to obtain cloud information of the points on the surface of the object;
(3) and (3) building a sculpture three-dimensional model by utilizing a computing mechanism according to the cloud information in the step (2).
4. The method of manufacturing a large sculpture according to claim 1, wherein: the process from the proof to the enlargement of the sculpture, which includes the mounting area and size, the height ratio of the surrounding scenery to the large sculpture, the visual relationship of the viewer, the perspective error after enlargement, and the visual distortion, is included in step S6.
5. The method of manufacturing a large sculpture according to claim 1, wherein: when the block size is determined by dicing in step S7, it is ensured that the block does not exceed the dimension of the stone.
6. The method of manufacturing a large sculpture according to claim 1, wherein: when the sculptured three-dimensional model is diced in step S7, the cut line avoids the fine patterns of the sculpture or protrudes the fragile portion.
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| CN202110162297.1A CN112985295A (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Method for manufacturing large sculpture |
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| CN202110162297.1A CN112985295A (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Method for manufacturing large sculpture |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115366568A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-22 | 河海大学常州校区 | Self-adaptive olive pit shape following carving method and system |
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| CN103761764A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-04-30 | 西安交通大学 | Method for machining sculpture sectional layers based on vision measurement |
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| CN103761764A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-04-30 | 西安交通大学 | Method for machining sculpture sectional layers based on vision measurement |
| CN110254106A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-20 | 山西比目摩尔建筑科技股份有限公司 | Use the engraving process of New type sculpture material |
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| 梁霄: "结合数字技术的雕塑艺术创作方法研究", 《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(硕士)哲学与人文科学辑》 * |
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