CN112981386A - Process method for enhancing bonding strength of matrix and laser cold spraying coating through rectangular frame preheating track and cold spraying equipment - Google Patents
Process method for enhancing bonding strength of matrix and laser cold spraying coating through rectangular frame preheating track and cold spraying equipment Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process method and cold spraying equipment for enhancing the bonding strength of a substrate and a laser cold spraying coating by a rectangular frame preheating track, wherein the process method comprises the following steps: fixing a workpiece, and introducing a rectangular laser transmitter in front of a spray gun to enable a spraying powder spot to be positioned inside a rectangular laser spot, wherein the laser spot is overlapped with the spraying powder spot, the front area laser softens a matrix, the middle area laser softens the powder spot, and the rear area laser remelts the top area of the sprayed coating; the invention improves the problems of poor combination, porous top and the like of the cold spraying coating, improves the comprehensive performance of the coating, improves the deposition rate by tens of times compared with the electroplating technology, has high material utilization rate and causes no pollution to the environment in the preparation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material surface treatment, in particular to a process method for enhancing the bonding strength of a substrate and a laser cold spray coating by a rectangular frame preheating track and cold spray equipment.
Background
Along with the long-term service of a workpiece, the surface of the workpiece is seriously abraded, the failed parts are mainly treated by replacing old parts with new parts, so that resource waste is easily caused, the failed parts are repaired, particularly for large key parts which are inconvenient to disassemble and carry, the on-site repair is very meaningful, the failed parts are repaired to reduce the demand of new parts, the cost can be saved, and the economic effect is very high.
Cold spraying is a novel solid coating preparation method, high-speed particles are obtained by using supersonic airflow, and the matrix tissue is softened by irradiating laser on a matrix, so that the high-speed particles are deposited by solid plastic deformation to form a coating. The technology can be applied to the preparation of metal coatings, composite coatings and non-metal coatings.
Cold spraying is further classified into laser-assisted cold spraying and single cold spraying. The single cold spraying technology is one surface spraying process based on aerodynamic principle, and the principle is that high pressure gas produces supersonic flow through a convergent-divergent pipe to carry metal powder grains to impact the base body to produce plastic deformation for combining on the surface of the base body. In the process, the solid particles are accelerated to above 300 m/s. Compared with other thermal spraying technologies, the cold spraying technology has the greatest advantages that the process temperature is lower, the adverse reactions such as particle oxidation and decomposition can be greatly reduced, and the prepared coating keeps the original components, structure and performance of the material. The metal coating prepared by cold spraying is widely applied to aerospace, marine ships, rail transit, biomedical treatment, electromagnetic shielding and part repair. However, the limitation of single cold spraying is also obvious, the combination condition of the two materials is different due to the fact that the coating material and the base material are different, under the supersonic speed condition, high-speed particles impact the surface of the base body at high speed, part of the particles rebound and cannot be deposited on the surface of the base body, and therefore the cold spraying effect is poor, meanwhile, part of the deposited particles are not densely stacked on the surface of the base body, the distance between the particles is too large, and the coating performance is seriously affected.
The laser-assisted cold spraying technology heats the matrix synchronously by laser, softens the matrix, reduces the hardness of the matrix, enhances the bonding strength of the coating, and adds the laser-assisted process to enable the comprehensive advantages of the laser-assisted cold spraying technology to be greater than the simple superposition of the advantages of the processes alone, namely, the effect of 1+1 > 2 is achieved, so that the material processing process which cannot be realized by the traditional single process is realized, or the manufacturing process which has higher efficiency, better quality and better performance compared with the traditional single process is realized, the requirements of the modern advanced manufacturing technology with high efficiency, high quality and high performance are expected to be met, and the laser-assisted cold spraying technology has wide.
However, the traditional laser-assisted cold spraying process only acts on softening of a base material in the laser surface modification process, the performance of the coating is not further improved, the coating is uneven in thickness distribution in the cutting direction under high-speed impact of particles, the coating is broken and dispersed, the performance improvement is not obvious, and the wide application of the coating in the industry is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the traditional laser-assisted cold spraying under the above conditions, the invention provides a process method for enhancing the bonding strength of a substrate and a laser cold spraying coating by a rectangular frame preheating track and cold spraying equipment.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a process method of a rectangular frame preheating track for enhancing the bonding strength of a substrate and a laser cold spraying coating comprises the following steps:
(1) fixing the workpiece;
the workpiece can be a flat plate, a column, a cylinder or a disc; selecting a proper thimble or bracket to be matched with the chuck for clamping according to the shape, weight and size of the workpiece;
(2) adjusting a spray gun to enable a spray nozzle to spray powder spots on the surface of a workpiece, and introducing a laser, wherein the laser is connected with the spray gun through a pneumatic guide rail, so that rectangular light spots generated by the laser coincide with the sprayed powder spots;
specifically, when the distance between the nozzle and the surface of the workpiece is 30mm, the diameter of the sprayed powder spot is 6mm, the width of the rectangular light spot is slightly larger than the diameter of the sprayed powder spot, and the length of the rectangular light spot is 3-4 times of the diameter of the sprayed powder spot;
(3) according to the powder material spraying, carrier gas pressure, carrier gas flow, carrier gas preheating temperature and powder feeder rotating speed are set in a control panel of cold spraying equipment;
the spraying powder material is nonferrous metal, Fe base, Ni base, Co base or composite material thereof;
the carrier gas for spraying is air, nitrogen or/and helium, the pressure range of the carrier gas is 0.5-5 MPa, the flow rate of the carrier gas is 40-60 mL/min, the preheating temperature range is 600-1000 ℃, the powder feeding rotating speed range is 0.1-10 r/min, the particle size range of the powder is 15-53 mu m, and the powder is spherical or irregular;
(4) setting the power of a laser beam according to the material of a processed workpiece;
the workpiece is, for example, an aluminum plate or a copper plate;
the power of the laser beam is 500-1000W;
(5) setting the scanning linear velocity of a spray gun, carrying out laser composite cold spraying high-speed deposition processing on a workpiece, and synchronously moving a spraying powder spot and a rectangular laser spot in the processing process;
the scanning linear velocity can be set to be 8-12 mm/s;
(6) after the laser composite cold spraying high-speed deposition processing is finished, the workpiece is dismounted to finish the coating preparation;
the thickness of the obtained coating is 50-400 mu m.
In the invention, the laser composite cold spraying high-speed deposition processing is divided into the following three processes:
(a) the rectangular laser spots are used for cleaning, roughening and preheating the surface of a workpiece to be sprayed, the laser cleaning is used for eliminating the adverse effect of oil stains and an oxidation film on the surface of the workpiece on a deposited coating, the laser roughening is used for eliminating the effect of residues caused by sand blasting, and the rectangular laser spots play a role in preheating a base material while increasing the roughness so as to promote the combination of the coating and a matrix;
(b) the rectangular laser spot is overlapped with the spraying powder spot, and the deposited powder and the matrix are synchronously heated and softened, so that the critical deposition speed of the powder is reduced, the deposition efficiency of the powder is improved, and the binding force of a coating is improved;
(c) the rectangular laser spots remelt the top area of the deposited coating, eliminate the internal pores of the coating, reduce the roughness of the surface of the coating, and the middle lower part of the coating still keeps the structure and the performance of the original powder.
The invention also relates to a cold spraying device for implementing a process method for enhancing the bonding strength of a substrate and a laser cold spraying coating by using a rectangular frame preheating track, wherein the cold spraying device comprises: a spray gun and a rectangular laser emitter; the spray gun is suspended right above a workpiece clamped on the machining lathe, and a nozzle of the spray gun is aligned with the workpiece to be machined; the rectangular laser transmitter is connected with the spray gun through the pneumatic guide rail, the rectangular laser light spot and the spraying powder spot are overlapped, and a uniform coating is formed on the surface of the workpiece after cold spraying.
Further:
the spray nozzle of the spray gun is a Laval spray nozzle, the distance between the spray nozzle and the surface of the workpiece is 10-50 mm, and the sprayed powder spot is circular or rectangular according to the shape of the Laval spray nozzle;
the rectangular laser transmitter is a fiber laser or a semiconductor laser, and the shape of the emitted light spot is rectangular;
the spray gun and the rectangular laser emitter move synchronously, namely the positions of the spray powder spot and the rectangular laser spot are kept relatively fixed.
According to the process method for enhancing the bonding strength of the matrix and the laser cold spraying coating by using the rectangular frame preheating track, the rectangular laser emitter is introduced in front of the cold spraying spray gun, and the workpiece, the spraying powder and the coating are processed by using the laser beam, so that the defects of the cold spraying technology are reduced and even eliminated. The synergistic effect of laser processing and cold spraying is utilized to realize the rapid preparation of large-area coatings in a short time, and the deposition rate is more than 1m2H, meets the use requirement of parts and is extremely largeThe work efficiency is improved. The working principle of the invention is as follows:
during cold spraying, a rectangular laser is introduced, with a rectangular laser emitter located at the front of the spray gun. Rectangular laser is utilized to carry out cleaning, texturing and preheating on the surface of a workpiece to be sprayed, the laser cleaning eliminates the adverse effect of oil stains and an oxidation film on the surface of the workpiece on a deposited coating, the laser texturing effect is also free from the influence of residues caused by sand blasting, the roughness is increased, the function of preheating a base material is played, and the combination of the coating and a matrix is greatly promoted; the rectangular laser beam light spot and the spraying powder spot are basically superposed, and the laser power is set according to the melting point of the deposited material and the cold spraying preheating temperature, so that the laser beam only synchronously heats and softens the deposited powder and the matrix without melting, the critical deposition speed of the powder is reduced, the deposition efficiency of the powder is improved, and the binding force of the coating is improved; according to the thickness and the material property of the coating, the laser power is set, so that the rectangular laser beam remelting the top area of the deposited coating eliminates the internal pores of the coating, reduces the roughness of the surface of the coating, and the middle lower part of the coating still maintains the structure and the performance of the original powder. By utilizing the advantages of laser processing and the characteristic of high deposition rate of cold spraying, the rapid preparation of large-area coatings can be realized in a short time, and the working efficiency is greatly improved while the use requirements of parts are met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a process method for enhancing the bonding strength of a substrate and a laser cold spraying coating by a rectangular frame preheating track, which is a pollution-free environment-friendly surface treatment technology; the laser and cold spraying are combined, so that the processing time is reduced, a coating with good quality is obtained, and the deposition rate is greatly increased and is more than 1m2/h。
2. The process method for enhancing the bonding strength of the matrix and the laser cold spraying coating by using the rectangular frame preheating track, provided by the invention, has no influence of impurities introduced by the traditional sand blasting treatment, and the rectangular laser plays a role in removing oil stains and oxidation films on the surface of a workpiece, roughening and preheating a base material, so that the bonding of deposited particles and the matrix is greatly promoted and improved.
3. According to the process method for enhancing the bonding strength of the matrix and the laser cold spraying coating by using the rectangular frame preheating track, provided by the invention, the defect of multiple pores at the top of the cold spraying coating is eliminated by rectangular laser remelting, the surface roughness of the coating is reduced, the subsequent machining amount is reduced, the material utilization is improved, and the production cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the overall structure of a cold spray apparatus for implementing the process of the invention for enhancing the bonding strength of a substrate and a laser cold spray coating by using a rectangular frame preheating track;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a rectangular laser emitter and duster;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the overall structure of the cold spray apparatus for implementing the process of the invention for enhancing the bonding strength of the substrate and the laser cold spray coating by using a rectangular frame preheating track;
FIG. 4 is a partial operational view of a cold spray apparatus implementing the process of the invention for enhancing the bonding strength of a substrate to a laser cold spray coating by a rectangular frame pre-heating track;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relative positions of rectangular light spots and powder spots;
FIG. 6 is an isometric illustration of a cold spray apparatus implementing the process of the invention for enhancing the bonding strength of a substrate to a laser cold spray coating in a rectangular frame pre-heat trajectory;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a cold spray apparatus for implementing the process of the invention for enhancing the bonding strength of a substrate to a laser cold spray coating by a rectangular frame pre-heating track;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a cold spray apparatus for implementing the process of the present invention for enhancing the bonding strength between a substrate and a laser cold spray coating by using a rectangular frame preheating trajectory;
in the figure, a motor is arranged in the 1-Z direction; 2-a vertical table; 3-a slide block; a 4-Z sliding shaft; 5-a slide rail; 6-a stop block; a 7-X direction substrate; 8-high pressure gas pipe 1; 9-high pressure gas pipe 2; 10-an optical fiber; 11-a pneumatic guide rail; 12-a rectangular laser emitter; 12-1-rectangular laser port; 13-a spray gun holder; 14-transverse fixing plate; 15-flange plate; 16-a workpiece; 17-a chuck; 18-a rotating electrical machine; moving the plate in the 19-Y direction; a 20-Y sliding shaft; a 21-Y direction screw; a 22-X directional sliding table; a 23-X direction sliding shaft; 24-a coupling; a 25-X direction motor; 26-Y direction motor; 27-Y direction sliding shaft; a 28-Y oriented substrate; 29-fixing bolts; 30-a substrate; 31-a limiting block; 32-powder chamber; 33-a coupling fixation body; 34-a stationary body; 35-a spray gun;
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in the following by means of specific embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, to which, however, the scope of protection of the invention is not limited.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a copper plate is taken as an example to illustrate the laser composite cold spray high-speed deposition method of the present invention, wherein the substrate material is Cu, and the size is 100mm × 50 mm.
The cold spraying equipment and a part of working views for implementing the process method of the rectangular frame preheating track for enhancing the bonding strength of the substrate and the laser cold spraying coating refer to fig. 1 and 4;
the cold spray apparatus includes: a spray gun 35, a rectangular laser emitter 12; the spray gun 35 is suspended right above the workpiece 16 clamped on the machining lathe, and the nozzle of the spray gun 35 is aligned with the workpiece 16 to be machined; the rectangular laser emitter 12 is connected with the spray gun 35 through the pneumatic guide rail 11, and enables the rectangular laser light spots and the spraying powder spots to coincide.
A process method for enhancing the bonding strength of a substrate and a laser cold spraying coating by a rectangular frame preheating track specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) loading the workpiece into a processing lathe, and clamping a chuck to ensure that the centers of circles are on the same horizontal line when the workpiece rotates;
(2) adjusting a spray gun, and spraying powder spots on the surface of the workpiece, wherein the diameter of the powder spots is 6 mm; adjusting the laser emitter to enable the powder spot to be located inside the rectangular light spot, enabling the laser light spot to be overlapped with the spraying powder spot, wherein the width of the rectangular laser light spot is 6.6mm, and the length of the rectangular laser light spot is 20 mm; the nozzle and the laser head move synchronously in the processing process;
(3) rectangular light spots emitted by a laser are divided into three areas under the action of the powder spots, the front area carries out laser cleaning, texturing and softening on the substrate within 8mm of the surface near a to-be-sprayed deposition layer, the middle area softens the powder spots, and the rear area remelts the coating;
(4) the spraying powder is 316L metal powder, the particle size of the powder is 15-53 mu m, and the spraying process comprises the following steps: the carrier gas is nitrogen, the gas pressure is 4MPa, the carrier gas flow is 50mL/min, the preheating temperature is 800 ℃, the powder feeding rotating speed is 2r/min, the spraying distance is 50mm, the lateral laser adopts an optical fiber coupling semiconductor laser, and the laser power is 1000W;
(5) after the powder spot and the light spot are sprayed together, the chuck can be rotated to the direction vertical to the chuck for spraying, and the feeding speed of the spray gun is 10 mm/s; carrying out laser composite cold spraying high-speed deposition;
finally obtaining a compact coating with the thickness of 226 mu m and good combination with the substrate, and the deposition rate is as high as 8.5m2/h。
Claims (6)
1. A process method for enhancing the bonding strength of a substrate and a laser cold spraying coating by a rectangular frame preheating track is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fixing the workpiece;
(2) adjusting a spray gun to enable a spray nozzle to spray powder spots on the surface of a workpiece, and introducing a laser, wherein the laser is connected with the spray gun through a pneumatic guide rail, so that rectangular light spots generated by the laser coincide with the sprayed powder spots;
(3) according to the powder material spraying, carrier gas pressure, carrier gas flow, carrier gas preheating temperature and powder feeder rotating speed are set in a control panel of cold spraying equipment;
the spraying powder material is nonferrous metal, Fe base, Ni base, Co base or composite material thereof;
the carrier gas for spraying is air, nitrogen or/and helium, the pressure range of the carrier gas is 0.5-5 MPa, the flow rate of the carrier gas is 40-60 mL/min, the preheating temperature range is 600-1000 ℃, the powder feeding rotating speed range is 0.1-10 r/min, the particle size range of the powder is 15-53 mu m, and the powder is spherical or irregular;
(4) setting the power of a laser beam according to the material of a processed workpiece;
the workpiece is an aluminum plate or a copper plate;
the power of the laser beam is 500-1000W;
(5) setting the scanning linear velocity of a spray gun, carrying out laser composite cold spraying high-speed deposition processing on a workpiece, and synchronously moving a spraying powder spot and a rectangular laser spot in the processing process;
the scanning linear velocity is set to be 8-12 mm/s;
(6) and after the laser composite cold spraying high-speed deposition processing is finished, the workpiece is dismounted, and the coating preparation is finished.
2. The process for preparing rectangular frame preheating track for enhancing the bonding strength of the substrate and the laser cold spraying coating according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the workpiece is in the shape of flat plate, column, cylinder or disk; and selecting a proper thimble or bracket to be matched with the chuck for clamping according to the shape, weight and size of the workpiece.
3. The process method for enhancing the rectangular frame preheating track of the bonding strength of the substrate and the laser cold spraying coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the distance between the nozzle and the surface of the workpiece is 30mm, the diameter of the spraying powder spot is 6mm, the width of the rectangular light spot is slightly larger than the diameter of the spraying powder spot, and the length of the rectangular light spot is 3-4 times of the diameter of the spraying powder spot.
4. The cold spraying device for implementing the process method of the rectangular frame preheating track for enhancing the bonding strength of the substrate and the laser cold spraying coating according to claim 1, wherein the cold spraying device comprises: a spray gun and a rectangular laser emitter; the spray gun is suspended right above a workpiece clamped on the machining lathe, and a nozzle of the spray gun is aligned with the workpiece to be machined; the rectangular laser transmitter is connected with the spray gun through a pneumatic guide rail, and the rectangular laser light spot and the spraying powder spot are overlapped.
5. The cold spray apparatus of claim 4, wherein the nozzle of the spray gun is a laval nozzle which is spaced from the surface of the workpiece by a distance of 10 to 50mm, and the sprayed powder spot is circular or rectangular according to the shape of the laval nozzle.
6. The cold spray apparatus of claim 4, wherein the rectangular laser emitter is a fiber laser or a semiconductor laser, and the emitted light spot has a rectangular shape.
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| CN114130561A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-03-04 | 西安智能再制造研究院有限公司 | Laser spraying composite fixture and laser spraying composite system |
| CN114130581A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-03-04 | 国网宁夏电力有限公司检修公司 | Laser cold spraying assembly and spraying system |
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| CN114686870A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-01 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Preparation method of silver layer on surface of chassis of reduction furnace, chassis of reduction furnace and reduction furnace |
| CN115044857A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-13 | 南京林业大学 | Large-tilling-depth rotary blade surface spraying and remelting integrated machining device |
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