CN112981181B - Preparation method of large-size high-performance nickel-tungsten alloy bar - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a large-size high-performance nickel-tungsten alloy bar, belonging to the technical field of nickel-tungsten alloy preparation. Preparing a nickel-tungsten alloy cast ingot by adopting a vacuum induction melting technology and an electroslag remelting technology, performing sheath treatment after the cast ingot is homogenized, repeating heating upsetting and heating drawing treatment until a primary bar with the length-diameter ratio not less than 2.5 is obtained, and then performing drawing treatment and turning on the primary bar to obtain the nickel-tungsten alloy bar with the diameter of 60-300 mm and the length not less than 550 mm. The method provided by the invention effectively solves the cracking phenomenon of the nickel-tungsten alloy in the deformation process by optimizing the process steps and strictly controlling the process parameters, and obtains the large-size high-performance nickel-tungsten alloy bar with stable performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a large-size high-performance nickel-tungsten alloy bar, belonging to the technical field of nickel-tungsten alloy preparation.
Background
The tungsten alloy is a high-density material which is commonly used internationally at present, and the density can reach 15g/cm3～18g/cm3And has high strength, hardness and certain ductility. Because of the extremely high melting point of tungsten, such materials are generally fired and formed by a powder metallurgy method, for example, the wider tungsten alloys such as W90, W93, W95 and W97 are used internationally. The strength of the tungsten alloy in a normal sintering state is lower, the strength can be improved to 1400MPa after large plastic deformation, the plasticity is reduced sharply, and the elongation after fracture is about 10 percent. The massive tungsten alloy with high density and strong plasticity is prepared by powder metallurgy, the requirements on the granularity and the shape of powder are extremely high, the tungsten alloy obtained by the powder metallurgy is mostly of a two-phase structure, the structure lacks consistency and continuity, and the application prospect of the tungsten alloy is greatly limited.
The nickel-tungsten alloy is an alloy with higher density, which is formed by adding higher content of W element into nickel-based alloy so as to form a nickel-tungsten solid solution with a face-centered cubic structure as a matrix, and the W element generates solid solution strengthening or forms a second phase for strengthening. The density of the nickel-tungsten alloy can reach 10.0g/cm3～12.0g/cm3The strength of the nickel-tungsten alloy can reach and exceed that of the tungsten alloy after proper deformation and heat treatment. And because nickel has strong solid solution capacity to tungsten, the characteristic of good plasticity of nickel as a matrix is retained to the maximum extent, and the nickel-tungsten alloy can be prepared by using a conventional casting and forging process, obtains good strong plasticity matching, and has great application potential in the fields of aviation, national defense industry and the like.
However, the cogging temperature window of the large-size nickel-tungsten alloy is narrow, and as the tungsten content is increased, forging cracks are easy to occur in the forging cogging and hot working processes. This is because the nickel-tungsten alloy has NiW phase and NiW phase when the temperature is lower than 1060 deg.C2Separating out the phases, keeping the temperature below 970 DEG CNi can be rapidly precipitated at warm time4And (4) a W phase. The formation of various precipitated phases can generate precipitation strengthening on materials, so that the materials become hard and brittle, therefore, once the temperature of a forge piece is reduced in the hot working process and the forge piece is deformed below the precipitation temperature of the precipitated phases for a long time, forging cracks are easily generated on the surface of a workpiece, the workpiece is cracked, and the large-size nickel-tungsten alloy with uniform tissues is difficult to obtain. At present, the preparation of large-size nickel-tungsten alloy is still a challenge, and the matching of the temperature control of a workpiece and the hot working deformation in the hot working process is an important difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of easy cracking, uneven structure and the like in the preparation process of the large-size nickel-tungsten alloy, the invention provides the preparation method of the large-size high-performance nickel-tungsten alloy bar, which effectively solves the cracking phenomenon of the nickel-tungsten alloy in the deformation process by optimizing the process steps and strictly controlling the process parameters, and obtains the large-size high-performance nickel-tungsten alloy bar with stable performance.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A preparation method of a large-size high-performance nickel-tungsten alloy bar comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the proportion of each element in the nickel-tungsten alloy, casting the alloy liquid into an electrode by adopting a vacuum induction melting technology;
(2) carrying out electroslag remelting directional solidification treatment on the electrode prepared in the step (1) to obtain an alloy ingot;
(3) homogenizing the alloy ingot prepared in the step (2) at 1150-1200 ℃ for not less than 48 h;
(4) firstly, sheathing the alloy cast ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step (3), then preserving heat at 1180-1200 ℃ for 1-2 h, and then upsetting to 1/3-1/2 times of the height of the alloy cast ingot in the step (2) to obtain a primary cake blank;
(5) preserving the heat of the primary cake blank at 1180-1200 ℃ for 1-2 h, and then radially drawing the primary cake blank to 4/5-1 times of the height of the alloy ingot casting in the step (2) to obtain a secondary bar;
(6) preserving the heat of the secondary bar material at 1180-1200 ℃ for 1-2 h, and then upsetting the bar material to 1/3-1/2 times the height of the secondary bar material to obtain a secondary cake blank;
(7) preserving the heat of the secondary cake blank at 1180-1200 ℃ for 1-2 h, and then radially drawing the secondary cake blank to 3/2-2 times of the height of the secondary bar to obtain a tertiary bar;
(8) if the length-diameter ratio of the three-time bar is less than 2.5, repeatedly carrying out heat preservation upsetting treatment and heat preservation drawing treatment on the three-time bar according to the conditions of the step (6) and the step (7) until the length-diameter ratio of the N-time bar is more than or equal to 2.5, wherein the N-time bar is called as a primary bar; if the length-diameter ratio of the third-time bar is more than or equal to 2.5, the third-time bar is called a primary bar;
(9) and (3) insulating the primary bar material for 1-2 h at 1180-1200 ℃, axially drawing the bar material to 3/2-2 times of the height of the primary bar material, and turning the bar material to obtain the nickel-tungsten alloy bar material with the diameter of 60-300 mm and the length of more than or equal to 550 mm.
Further, the nickel-tungsten alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-45.5% of W, 0-20% of Nb, 0-20% of Co, 0-1.5% of Al, 0-1.5% of Ti, and the balance of Ni and inevitable trace elements and impurity elements.
Further, the electrodes are prepared by taking the nickel-tungsten binary intermediate alloy and simple substances corresponding to other elements except tungsten as raw materials.
Further, in the step (1), the temperature of vacuum induction melting is 1500-1700 ℃.
Further, in the step (2), the voltage of electroslag remelting is 40V-49V, the current is 4000A-4700A, and the ingot drawing speed is 1 mm/min-5 mm/min.
Further, the material of the sheath used in the step (4) can be selected from soft sheath materials (such as asbestos) and hard sheath materials (such as stainless steel or carbon steel); when the asbestos sheath is adopted, the previous sheath needs to be removed after each fire (finishing one-time heat preservation and one-time upsetting or finishing one-time heat preservation and one-time drawing) is finished, and the asbestos sheath is used for covering again; when the stainless steel or carbon steel sheath is adopted, only the sheath needs to be removed finally.
Further, in the upsetting or drawing process in the steps (4) to (9), the temperature of the workpiece is more than or equal to 1060 ℃, the single deformation of the workpiece is preferably 20-50%, if the temperature is less than 1060 ℃, the upsetting or drawing is stopped, and the workpiece is re-upset or drawn after being heated to 1180-1200 ℃.
Has the advantages that:
according to the method, on the basis of strictly controlling the forging temperature and the forging deformation, multiple upsetting and drawing operations are performed to obtain the large-size nickel-tungsten alloy bar with uniform tissue and fine grains, the diameter of the prepared bar is 60-300 mm, the length of the prepared bar is more than or equal to 550mm, and the density of the prepared bar is 10g/cm3～12g/cm3The impact toughness reaches 150J/cm2The tensile yield strength reaches above 1450MPa, the breaking strength reaches above 1800MPa, and the method effectively solves the cracking phenomenon of the large-size nickel-tungsten alloy in the deformation process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a metallographic structure picture of a nickel-tungsten alloy bar prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following detailed description, wherein the processes are conventional unless otherwise specified, and the starting materials are commercially available from a public source without further specification.
Example 1
A nickel-tungsten alloy bar with the diameter of 90mm and the length of 700mm comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 38% of W, 0% of Nb, 12% of Co, 0.8% of Al, 0.7% of Ti and the balance of Ni and inevitable trace elements and impurity elements; the specific preparation steps of the nickel-tungsten alloy bar are as follows:
(1) taking a nickel-tungsten binary intermediate alloy and simple substances corresponding to other elements except tungsten as raw materials, smelting the raw materials into alloy liquid at 1700 ℃ by adopting a vacuum induction smelting technology according to the proportion of each element in the nickel-tungsten alloy, and casting the alloy liquid into an electrode;
(2) carrying out electroslag remelting directional solidification treatment on the electrode prepared in the step (1), wherein the voltage of electroslag remelting is 47V, the current is 4700A, and the ingot drawing speed is 5mm/min to obtain an alloy ingot;
(3) homogenizing the alloy ingot prepared in the step (2) at 1180 ℃ for 50 hours, and cooling in a furnace;
(4) firstly, sheathing the alloy ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step (3) by using asbestos, then preserving heat at 1200 ℃ for 2 hours, and upsetting to 1/3 times of the height of the alloy ingot in the step (2) to obtain a primary cake blank;
(5) preserving the heat of the primary cake blank at 1200 ℃ for 2h, and then radially drawing the primary cake blank to 4/5 times of the height of the alloy ingot casting in the step (2) to obtain a secondary bar;
(6) keeping the temperature of the secondary bar at 1200 ℃ for 2h, and then upsetting the bar to 1/2 times the height of the secondary bar to obtain a secondary cake blank;
(7) keeping the temperature of the secondary cake blank at 1200 ℃ for 2h, then radially drawing the secondary cake blank to 3/2 times of the height of the secondary bar to obtain a tertiary bar, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the tertiary bar is 2.7, and the tertiary bar is called as a primary bar at the moment;
(8) and (3) insulating the primary bar material for 2h at 1200 ℃, axially drawing the bar material to 2 times of the height of the primary bar material, and turning to obtain the nickel-tungsten alloy bar material with the diameter of 90mm and the length of 700 mm.
Wherein, the upsetting and drawing operation in the steps (4) - (8) are all carried out on an 80MN fast forging hydraulic press, in the upsetting or drawing process, the temperature of the workpiece is more than or equal to 1060 ℃, the single deformation of the workpiece is 20%, the previous sheath needs to be removed after each fire (finishing one heat preservation and one upsetting or finishing one heat preservation and one drawing), and the sheath is re-sheathed by asbestos.
As shown in FIG. 1, the prepared nickel-tungsten alloy bar has uniform structure and fine grains. Tests show that the density of the prepared nickel-tungsten alloy bar is 10.95g/cm3Impact toughness of 150J/cm2The tensile yield strength reaches 1450MPa, and the breaking strength is 1800 MPa.
Example 2
A nickel-tungsten alloy bar with the diameter of 220mm and the length of 1600mm comprises the following components in percentage by mass: w42%, Nb 0%, Co 5%, Al 0%, Ti 0%, and the balance of Ni and inevitable trace elements and impurity elements; the specific preparation steps of the nickel-tungsten alloy bar are as follows:
(1) taking a nickel-tungsten binary intermediate alloy and simple substances corresponding to other elements except tungsten as raw materials, smelting the raw materials into alloy liquid at 1700 ℃ by adopting a vacuum induction smelting technology according to the proportion of each element in the nickel-tungsten alloy, and casting the alloy liquid into an electrode;
(2) carrying out electroslag remelting directional solidification treatment on the electrode prepared in the step (1), wherein the voltage of electroslag remelting is 47V, the current is 4700A, and the ingot drawing speed is 5mm/min to obtain an alloy ingot;
(3) homogenizing the alloy ingot prepared in the step (2) at 1180 ℃ for 50 hours, and cooling in a furnace;
(4) firstly, sheathing the alloy cast ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step (3) by using stainless steel, then preserving heat at 1200 ℃ for 2h, and then upsetting to 1/3 times of the height of the alloy cast ingot in the step (2) to obtain a primary cake blank;
(5) preserving the heat of the primary cake blank at 1200 ℃ for 2h, and then radially drawing the primary cake blank to 1 time of the alloy ingot casting height in the step (2) to obtain a secondary bar;
(6) keeping the temperature of the secondary bar at 1200 ℃ for 2h, and then upsetting the bar to 1/3 times the height of the secondary bar to obtain a secondary cake blank;
(7) preserving the heat of the secondary cake blank at 1200 ℃ for 2h, and then radially drawing the secondary cake blank to 3/2 times of the height of the secondary bar to obtain a tertiary bar;
(8) keeping the temperature of the three-time bar material at 1200 ℃ for 2h, and then upsetting the bar material to 1/2 times of the height of the three-time bar material to obtain a three-time cake blank; keeping the temperature of the cake blank for 2h at 1200 ℃, then radially drawing the cake blank to 3/2 times of the height of the bar blank for three times to obtain a bar blank for four times, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the bar blank for four times is 2.6, and the bar blank for four times is called a primary bar;
(9) and (3) insulating the primary bar material for 2h at 1200 ℃, axially drawing the bar material to 2 times of the height of the primary bar material, and turning to obtain the nickel-tungsten alloy bar material with the diameter of 220mm and the length of 1600 mm.
Wherein, the operations of upsetting and drawing in the steps (4) to (9) are all carried out on an 80MN fast forging hydraulic press, the temperature of the workpiece is more than or equal to 1060 ℃, and the single deformation of the workpiece is 20 percent.
Tests show that the density of the prepared nickel-tungsten alloy bar is 11.4g/cm3Impact toughness of 160J/cm2The tensile yield strength reaches 1470MPa, and the breaking strength is 1820 MPa.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a large-size high-performance nickel-tungsten alloy bar is characterized by comprising the following steps: the steps of the method are as follows,
(1) according to the proportion of each element in the nickel-tungsten alloy, casting the alloy liquid into an electrode by adopting a vacuum induction melting technology;
(2) carrying out electroslag remelting directional solidification treatment on the electrode prepared in the step (1) to obtain an alloy ingot;
(3) homogenizing the alloy ingot prepared in the step (2) at 1150-1200 ℃ for not less than 48 h;
(4) firstly, sheathing the alloy cast ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step (3), then preserving heat at 1180-1200 ℃ for 1-2 h, and then upsetting to 1/3-1/2 times of the height of the alloy cast ingot in the step (2) to obtain a primary cake blank;
(5) preserving the heat of the primary cake blank at 1180-1200 ℃ for 1-2 h, and then radially drawing the primary cake blank to 4/5-1 times of the height of the alloy ingot casting in the step (2) to obtain a secondary bar;
(6) preserving the heat of the secondary bar material at 1180-1200 ℃ for 1-2 h, and then upsetting the bar material to 1/3-1/2 times the height of the secondary bar material to obtain a secondary cake blank;
(7) preserving the heat of the secondary cake blank at 1180-1200 ℃ for 1-2 h, and then radially drawing the secondary cake blank to 3/2-2 times of the height of the secondary bar to obtain a tertiary bar;
(8) if the length-diameter ratio of the three-time bar is less than 2.5, repeatedly carrying out heat preservation upsetting treatment and heat preservation drawing treatment on the three-time bar according to the conditions of the step (6) and the step (7) until the length-diameter ratio of the N-time bar is more than or equal to 2.5, wherein the N-time bar is called as a primary bar; if the length-diameter ratio of the third-time bar is more than or equal to 2.5, the third-time bar is called a primary bar;
(9) keeping the temperature of the primary bar material at 1180-1200 ℃ for 1-2 h, axially drawing the bar material to 3/2-2 times of the height of the primary bar material, and turning the bar material to obtain a nickel-tungsten alloy bar material with the diameter of 60-300 mm and the length of more than or equal to 550 mm;
the nickel-tungsten alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-45.5% of W, 0-20% of Nb, 0-20% of Co, 0-1.5% of Al, 0-1.5% of Ti, and the balance of Ni and inevitable trace elements and impurity elements; and (4) in the upsetting or drawing process of the steps (4) to (9), the temperature of the workpiece is more than or equal to 1060 ℃.
2. The method for preparing a large-size high-performance nickel-tungsten alloy bar according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the nickel-tungsten binary intermediate alloy and simple substances corresponding to other elements except tungsten are used as raw materials to prepare the electrode.
3. The method for preparing a large-size high-performance nickel-tungsten alloy bar according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the temperature of vacuum induction melting is 1500-1700 ℃.
4. The method for preparing a large-size high-performance nickel-tungsten alloy bar according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the voltage of electroslag remelting is 40-49V, the current is 4000-4700A, and the ingot drawing speed is 1-5 mm/min.
5. The method for preparing a large-size high-performance nickel-tungsten alloy bar according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sheath used in the step (4) is made of asbestos, stainless steel or carbon steel.
6. The method for preparing a large-size high-performance nickel-tungsten alloy bar according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) during upsetting or drawing in the steps (4) to (9), the single deformation of the workpiece is 20 to 50 percent.
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