CN112975098A - Method for improving welding deviation of electron beam welding - Google Patents
Method for improving welding deviation of electron beam welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN112975098A CN112975098A CN201911324212.4A CN201911324212A CN112975098A CN 112975098 A CN112975098 A CN 112975098A CN 201911324212 A CN201911324212 A CN 201911324212A CN 112975098 A CN112975098 A CN 112975098A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving welding deviation of electron beam welding. The method comprises the following steps; acquiring main welding parameters of welding equipment; acquiring main parameters of a main electron beam welding model; acquiring the distance of the electron which is deviated from the welding seam by the magnetic field generated by the magnetized welding piece, and carrying out experimental preparation; reasonably assuming and simplifying conditions, acquiring the size and direction components of a magnetic field generated by a magnetized welding part, and carrying out constraint equation derivation; establishing a welding model by using CST software, setting main welding parameters and carrying out grid division; loading an electric field and a magnetic field on the model, checking a post-processing result, and setting turns and bidirectional current through a deflection coil to improve the simulation of a focusing point; and manufacturing a deflection coil, and carrying out actual welding work according to simulation parameters. The invention effectively improves the deviation of the electron beam, avoids the defects that the traditional demagnetization method generates high temperature to influence the surface performance of the material, has unobvious demagnetization effect on large and thick plates, has higher experimental cost and needs professional and experienced personnel to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electron beam welding, in particular to a method for improving welding deviation of electron beam welding.
Background
The electron beam welding technology relies on high-energy electron beams as a heat source to melt welding materials, so that a unique welding layer is generated on the surface of a part, and the welded metals are combined together. Because the electron beam welding has the advantages of energy concentration, good thermal physical property of welding seams, high purity of the welding seams and the like, the electron beam welding plays a unique role in important fields of aerospace, nuclear industry, ocean engineering and the like.
The large thick sheet metal part is easily magnetized in a magnetic field, the movement track of the electron can deviate under the magnetized condition of the weldment, the welding deviation can not only cause the phenomena of misalignment of welding lines, air holes, undercut, collapse, cracks and the like, but also can cause welding defects of non-fusion and the like in severe cases. The demagnetization treatment of the large thick part is complex in technology and high in price. But also damage to the weld metal surface material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving welding offset of electron beam welding.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method of improving electron beam weld deflection, comprising:
measuring the field intensity of the weld joint of the magnetized welding part;
placing the magnetized welding piece in electron beam welding equipment, and determining the distance of an electron focus point of an electron beam deviating from a welding seam;
determining field intensity components along an X coordinate axis and a Y coordinate axis according to the measured field intensity of the welding seam and the distance of the electronic focus point deviating from the welding seam, and recording a plane formed by the X coordinate axis and the Y coordinate axis as a coordinate plane, wherein the coordinate plane is a plane which contains the welding seam and is perpendicular to the emission direction of the electron beam;
acquiring welding parameters of the electron beam welding equipment, wherein the welding parameters comprise: the type of the electron beam welding equipment, the welding voltage of the electron beam welding equipment, the welding beam current of the electron beam welding equipment and the focusing beam current of a focusing magnetic lens in the electron beam welding equipment;
obtaining electron beam welding model parameters, wherein the electron beam welding model parameters comprise: the size of a beam-focusing pole, the size of an electron beam emission cathode, the size of an anode, the size of a focusing magnetic lens and the size of a welding workpiece of the electron beam welding equipment;
inputting field intensity components along an X coordinate axis and a Y coordinate axis, welding parameters of the electron beam welding equipment and parameters of the electron beam welding model into simulation software to establish a simulation model;
setting a first deflection coil and a second deflection coil which are used for enabling electrons to deflect in the X direction and the Y direction and are perpendicular to each other in the simulation model, setting the sizes and the positions of the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil, and leading current along the Y direction into the first deflection coil and leading current along the X direction into the second deflection coil; in the simulation process, adjusting the magnitude of current introduced into the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil or adjusting the number of turns of winding of the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil, and recording the distance of an electronic focus point deviating from a welding seam;
when the distance is smaller than a set threshold value, determining the current magnitude and the number of winding turns in the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil corresponding to the distance, and recording as a first optimized deflection current, a second optimized deflection current and an optimized number of winding turns;
setting a first solid deflection coil and a second solid deflection coil corresponding to the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil in the simulation model in the actual welding equipment;
and setting the number of turns of the first entity deflection coil and the second entity deflection coil according to the optimized number of turns, and inputting deflection current to the first entity deflection coil and the second entity deflection coil according to the first optimized deflection current and the second optimized deflection current so as to correct the deviation of electrons in the welding process.
Optionally, a gauss meter is used for measuring the field intensity of the weld joint of the magnetized welding part.
Optionally, the placing the magnetized weldment in an electron beam welding device to determine a distance that an electron focus point of an electron beam deviates from a weld seam specifically includes:
carrying out vacuum pumping operation on the electron beam welding equipment, and carrying out planar movement adjustment on a workbench to enable the workbench and an electron beam focusing point to be positioned in the center of a monitoring screen, and carrying out coordinate positioning operation; introducing air to reduce the vacuum degree, opening the welding chamber door after the air pressure is balanced, and placing the magnetized and welded part after cooling; and vacuumizing again, and recording the coordinate of the electron beam focus point offset welding seam.
Optionally, after the magnetized welding piece is placed into the electron beam welding device, the field intensity of the welding seam of the magnetized welding piece is measured.
Optionally, the determining, according to the measured field intensity of the weld and the distance of the electronic focus point deviating from the weld, field intensity components along an X coordinate axis and a Y coordinate axis specifically includes:
according to the formula
And
calculating the field strength component B along the X coordinate axisXAnd a field strength component B along the Y coordinate axisYWherein B is the measured field intensity of the welding seam, BZAnd AB and AC are the offsets of the electron focus points from the welding seam.
Optionally, in the simulation software, the established simulation model is subjected to grid division, and a surrounding area between the cathode and the anode is subjected to grid encryption.
Optionally, the simulation software is CST Particle Studio software.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the method for improving the welding offset of the electron beam welding comprises the steps of setting a deflection coil in electron beam welding equipment, establishing a simulation model consistent with an actual welding environment through simulation software, determining the number of turns of a winding of the deflection coil and the magnitude of coil current corresponding to the deflection coil when a certain deviation rectifying effect is achieved through the simulation model, and setting an entity deflection coil in the electron beam welding equipment according to the determined number of turns of the winding and the magnitude of the current of the deflection coil, so that the deviation rectifying of the electron beam welding is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for improving electron beam welding offset according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the constraint equation of the boundary condition of the magnetic field model generated by the magnetized weldment according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of deflection coils according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of model building in simulation software according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a simulation diagram of the spatial motion trajectory of the electron beam before the correction in the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5b is a simulation diagram of the spatial motion trajectory of the electron beam after the correction in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of simulation deviation rectification effect and actual deviation rectification effect in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for improving the welding offset of electron beam welding specifically includes the following steps:
step 101: measuring the field intensity of the weld joint of the magnetized welding part;
step 102: placing the magnetized welding piece in electron beam welding equipment, and determining the distance of an electron focus point of an electron beam deviating from a welding seam;
step 103: determining field intensity components along an X coordinate axis and a Y coordinate axis according to the measured field intensity of the welding seam and the distance of the electronic focus point deviating from the welding seam, and recording a plane formed by the X coordinate axis and the Y coordinate axis as a coordinate plane, wherein the coordinate plane is a plane which contains the welding seam and is perpendicular to the electron beam emission direction;
step 104: acquiring welding parameters of the electron beam welding equipment, wherein the welding parameters comprise: the type of the electron beam welding equipment, the welding voltage of the electron beam welding equipment, the welding beam current of the electron beam welding equipment and the focusing beam current of a focusing magnetic lens in the electron beam welding equipment;
step 105: obtaining electron beam welding model parameters, wherein the electron beam welding model parameters comprise: the size of a beam bunching pole, the size of an electron beam emission cathode, the size of an anode, the size of a focusing magnetic lens and the size of a welding workpiece of the electron beam welding equipment;
step 106: inputting field intensity components along an X coordinate axis and a Y coordinate axis, welding parameters of the electron beam welding equipment and parameters of the electron beam welding model into simulation software to establish a simulation model;
step 107: setting a first deflection coil and a second deflection coil which are used for enabling electrons to deflect in the X direction and the Y direction and are perpendicular to each other in the simulation model, setting the size and the position of the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil, introducing current along the Y direction into the first deflection coil, and introducing current along the X direction into the second deflection coil; in the simulation process, adjusting the magnitude of current introduced into the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil or adjusting the number of turns of winding of the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil, and recording the distance of an electronic focus point deviating from a welding seam;
step 108: when the distance is smaller than a set threshold value, determining the current magnitude and the number of winding turns in the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil corresponding to the distance, and recording as a first optimized deflection current, a second optimized deflection current and an optimized number of winding turns;
step 109: setting a first solid deflection coil and a second solid deflection coil corresponding to the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil in the simulation model in the actual welding equipment;
step 110: and setting the turns of the first entity deflection coil and the second entity deflection coil according to the optimized turns, and inputting deflection current to the first entity deflection coil and the second entity deflection coil according to the first optimized deflection current and the second optimized deflection current so as to correct the deviation of electrons in the welding process.
It is emphasized that the various parameters of the electron beam welding apparatus were consistent with those of the experimental setup after the addition of the physical deflection coils.
In the above embodiment, a gauss meter may be used to measure the field strength at the weld of the magnetized weldment.
In the above embodiment, step 102 specifically includes:
carrying out vacuum pumping operation on the electron beam welding equipment, and carrying out planar movement adjustment on a workbench to enable the workbench and an electron beam focusing point to be positioned in the center of a monitoring screen, and carrying out coordinate positioning operation; introducing air to reduce the vacuum degree, opening the welding chamber door after the air pressure is balanced, and placing the magnetized and welded part after cooling; and vacuumizing again, and recording the coordinate of the electron beam focus point offset welding seam.
After the magnetized welding piece is placed into the electron beam welding equipment, the field intensity of the welding seam of the magnetized welding piece can be measured.
In the above embodiment, step 103 may be completed by the following operations:
according to the formula
And
calculating the field strength component B along the X coordinate axisXAnd a field strength component B along the Y coordinate axisYWherein B is the measured field intensity of the welding seam, BZAnd AB and AC are the offsets of the electron focus points from the welding seam.
The theoretical derivation of the above formula is as follows:
and projecting the electron space motion trail to the same plane. As shown in FIG. 2, where M is the electron gun, A is the focused target weld spot, and MA is the electron gun axis direction. Due to the magnetic field generated by the magnetized welding piece, the electronic focusing point is shifted. The constraint equation can be simplified considering that the motion trajectory of electrons along the direction of magnetic field lines is not affected by lorentz force. The components of the magnetizing magnetic field are resolved orthogonally along the coordinate axes.
The following coordinate axes are established and the motion trajectory of the electron space is projected into a plane. The electrons are subjected to Lorentz force in space to generate circular motion, namely:
in the formula: m is the mass of the electron, V represents the moving speed of the electron, R represents the radius of the circular motion of the electron, Q represents the electric charge quantity of the electron, and B represents the magnetic field intensity;
thus, the radius R of the electron circular motion is:
the length of AB can be found in the geometric relationship:
AB＝MB'＝MOB-OBB＝RB-RBcosθ1＝RB(1-cosθ1)
the length of the AC can be obtained by the same method:
AC＝RC(1-cosθ2)
that is, the tangent value after the orthogonal decomposition of the two coordinate axes of the original electron focal point in space is as follows:
in the formula [ theta ]BACIs the angle between the electron focusing point and the axis line. Distance MA taking into account electron motion in actual production>>AB (offset weld distance), therefore, when we carry out model simplification, we approximate that the angle difference of the electronic circular motion is within the allowable error of calculation, namely, theta1≈θ2. Since the electron mass M is constant, the electron movement velocity V is constant, and the electron charge Q is constant, the above relationship can be simplified as follows:
in the formula, BB、BCRespectively, the simplified magnetic field intensity after orthogonal decomposition along the coordinate axis. Thus AB,
The deviation of the AC focal point from the weld can be measured and the measured data recorded.
The gauss meter is used for measuring the value of the magnetic field intensity at the welding seam of the magnetized welding part, and the following equation relation is satisfied:
in the formula BX、BY、BZRespectively expressed as the magnetic field strength component along the coordinate axis under the condition of orthogonal decomposition, and B is the actually measured magnetic field strength, wherein the numerical values satisfy the following conditions: b isB＝BX、BC＝BY. Due to BZThe direction is consistent with the movement direction of the electrons, and the movement track of the electrons is not influenced, so the simplified process is approximate to zero, and the two constraint equations are combined
And
the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the magnetized weldment and the projection component along the coordinate axis are solved.
In the above embodiment, in step 106, Modeling is performed by using a Modeling module of the CST Particle Studio software in combination with the welding parameters of the electron beam welding equipment and the parameters of the electron beam welding model. And setting a magnetization welding part in a simulation Permanent magnetics command to generate the magnitude of magnetic fields along the X direction and the Y direction, meshing the model, and carrying out mesh encryption on the surrounding area between the cathode and the anode so as to improve the calculation accuracy.
After the welding model is subjected to gridding division, a Solver Setup solution command is selected for setting, and Electric filtered and Magnet filtered loading is carried out on the model. And viewing the position of the focus point of the electron beam on the workpiece, which is offset from the center of the weld joint, by the post-processing navigation tree according to a Tracjectory command. In order to improve the condition of the deviation of the focus point of the electron beam from the weld joint, a deflection coil of a welding model is arranged, the principle of the deflection coil of the welding model is the same as that of the deflection coil shown in the figure 3, every two vertical solenoids are adopted for forming, a group of deflection currents introduced along the X direction are selected in the Coils command of the welding model, the other vertical group of deflection currents introduced along the Y direction are selected, the position of the focus point of the electron beam is changed under the action of magnetic field force generated by the deflection coil, the number of turns of the winding of the deflection coil and the numerical values of the currents respectively introduced into the X direction and the Y direction of the deflection coil are recorded, and the distance between the focus point of the electron beam. And adjusting the number of turns of the winding of the deflection coil and the magnitude of the current respectively led into the deflection coil in the X direction and the Y direction until the electronic deviation rectifying precision is met.
In the above embodiment, in step 109 and step 110, according to the relationship between the size and the position of the deflection coil in the simulation, the solid deflection coil shown in fig. 3 is manufactured, and the manufactured solid deflection coil is raised above the welding workpiece, according to the number of turns of the deflection coil winding obtained by the simulation and the magnitudes of the currents respectively flowing into the deflection coil in the X direction and the Y direction, the solid deflection coil is arranged, and then the welded article to be magnetized is welded by using the electron beam welding device. It is emphasized that the various parameters of the electron beam welding apparatus are in agreement with the parameters at the time of the experiment.
The invention is explained below by way of example:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring main welding parameters of electron beam welding equipment; the main welding parameters comprise the model of selected electron beam welding equipment, the welding voltage of the electron beam welding equipment, the welding beam current of the electron beam welding equipment and the focusing beam current of a focusing magnetic lens in the electron beam welding equipment; the model of the electron beam welding equipment is SEBW60-6P precision electron beam welding machine, the welding voltage of the electron beam welding equipment is 60KV, the welding beam current of the electron beam welding equipment is 2mA, and the focusing beam current of a focusing magnetic lens in the electron beam welding equipment is 375 mA;
step two: obtaining main electron beam welding model parameters, wherein the main electron beam welding model parameters comprise: the main size of a beam-focusing pole, the main size of an electron beam emission cathode, the main size of an anode in an electron beam welding model, the main size of a focusing magnetic lens, the main size of a deflection coil and the main size of a welding workpiece model. The main size of the bunching pole comprises the curvature radius rho of a bunching surface of 30mm, and the axial length l of the bunching pole of 80 mm; the main size of the electron beam emission cathode comprises a cathode diameter d of 2mm and a cathode axial length l of 2 mm; the main size of the anode in the electron beam welding model comprises an anode outer diameter d being 15mm, an anode inner diameter d being 7mm and an anode axial length l being 60 mm; the main size of the focusing magnetic lens comprises that the axial length l of the focusing magnetic lens is 100mm, the inner diameter r of the focusing magnetic lens is 90mm, and the outer diameter r of the focusing magnetic lens is 110 mm; the main dimensions of the deflection coil comprise a deflection coil inner diameter r of 20mm and an axial dimension l of 60 mm; the position relation of the deflection coil is formed by placing two groups of solenoids which are vertical to each other, wherein the distance l between each group of solenoids is 40mm, and the solenoids are placed above a workpiece by about 10 mm; the main dimensions of the welding workpiece model comprise a longitudinal dimension l of the welding workpiece of 25mm, a transverse dimension l of 50mm and a thickness l of 10 mm; placing two workpieces together to form a welded workpiece of 50mm by 10 mm;
step three: acquiring the distance of the magnetic field generated by the electrons passing through the magnetized welding piece to deviate the welding line, and carrying out vacuum pumping operation on the SEBW60-6P precision type electron beam welding machine selected in the step one, wherein the vacuum degree is about 10-2And Pa, observing the relative position of the coordinate worktable on the screen and the center of the objective lens, and adjusting the coordinates of the worktable so that the worktable is aligned to the middle of the coordinates of the screen and the focus point of the electron beam is also positioned at the center of the objective lens. After the operation is finished, air is introduced to reduce the vacuum degree in the welding chamber, and after the air pressure in the welding chamber is balanced with the external air pressure and waits for about 5min, the feeding mechanism of the welding chamber is opened under numerical control. In the experiment, in order to simulate the magnetized condition of the welding part, a magnet is arranged around the welding seam on the upper surface of the welding part, then the magnetized welding part is placed in the center of a workbench, the intensity of the magnetic field at the welding seam of the welded workpiece is measured by a gaussmeter, and the reading of the gaussmeter is 72 Gs. The feeding mechanism of the welding chamber is closed again to be in a sealed state, and vacuum pumping operation is carried out, wherein the vacuum degree is about 10-2Pa, after the working condition of the electron beam welding equipment is stable, setting main welding parameters as the step one, observing the distance of the focus point of the electron beam deviating from the welding line under the conditions in a display screen, and recording the deviation (X direction) of the focus point parallel to the welding line to be about 14.4mm and the deviation (Y direction) perpendicular to the welding line to be about 1.1 mm.
Step four: obtaining the size and direction components of the magnetic field generated by the magnetized welding piece, and substituting the measurement results in the third step into the following constraint equation:
the magnitude of the magnetic field at the center of the weld was measured with a gauss meter to be 72 Gs.
B can be obtained by the above derivation calculationx＝71.5Gs，By＝5.5Gs。
Step five: as shown in fig. 4, the Modeling module of the CST Particle Studio software is used to establish the main dimensions of the model in step two, which are mainly as follows: the main size of the bunching pole comprises the curvature radius rho of a bunching surface of 30mm, and the axial length l of the bunching pole of 80 mm; the main size of the electron beam emission cathode comprises a cathode diameter d of 2mm and a cathode axial length l of 2 mm; the main size of the anode in the electron beam welding model comprises an anode outer diameter d being 15mm, an anode inner diameter d being 7mm and an anode axial length l being 60 mm; the main size of the focusing magnetic lens comprises that the axial length l of the focusing magnetic lens is 100mm, the inner diameter r of the focusing magnetic lens is 90mm, and the outer diameter r of the focusing magnetic lens is 110 mm; the main dimensions of the deflection coil comprise the inner diameter r of the deflection coil being 20mm, and the axial dimension l being 60 mm; the position relation of the deflection coils is formed by placing two groups of solenoids which are vertical to each other, wherein the distance l between every two adjacent groups is 40mm, and the solenoids are placed above a workpiece by about 10 mm; the main dimensions of the welding workpiece model comprise a longitudinal dimension l of the welding workpiece of 25mm, a transverse dimension l of 50mm and a thickness l of 10 mm; placing two workpieces together to form a welded workpiece of 50mm by 10 mm; setting main welding parameters of the electron beam welding equipment in the step one in a Simulation module, selecting a cathode emission surface, and setting the welding voltage in a potentials command to be-60 KV; selecting the surface of an anode, setting the potential grounding to be 0V, and setting the focusing beam current of the focusing magnetic lens to be 375mA according to the actual working condition of the electron beam equipment in the Coils command; the number of turns is 400 turns, and the boundary condition of the magnetic field generated by the magnetized welding piece calculated in the fourth setting step of the Permanent magnetics command is Bx＝0.00715T、ByAnd (4) selecting a static emission model of a Particle source in Particle Sources as a Space charge model, and setting the number of particles to be 300 so as to realize numerical simulation calculation, wherein the static emission model is 0.00055T.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out grid division on the model, selecting a Global Properties command to set a grid division unit to be in a Hexahedral traditional form, selecting a Mesh view to horizontally preview the model along the direction of an electron emission axis, setting a Smooth with equal ratio to 1.3 for the surrounding area of a cathode and an anode in a grid encryption mode, and setting an Adjust sensitivity to a Mesh for the emission voltage of the cathode so as to enhance the calculation precision.
Step six: selecting a Solver Setup solution command for setting, selecting Relative access to-20 dB, selecting analysis types of Electric filtered and Magnet filtered, and selecting Start to Start the system to solve. After the calculation is finished, entering a post-processing navigation tree, selecting an electron beam Trajectory option Tracory in a 2D/3D Result, simulating a space motion Trajectory of an electron beam as shown in FIG. 5, wherein the distance of a focus point of the electron beam to offset a welding seam is about 16mm under the condition of existence of a magnetizing magnetic field as shown in FIG. 5a, setting a deflection coil of a welding model for improving the condition of electron beam welding offset, wherein the deflection coil of the welding model is composed of two vertical solenoids in the same principle as the deflection coil shown in FIG. 3, selecting a group of deflection currents introduced along an X direction in a coil command of the welding model, introducing a group of deflection currents along a Y direction in the other vertical group, setting the number of turns of a winding and the deflection currents, setting relevant adjusting parameters are shown in Table 1, introducing the X direction current affects the offset of the vertical welding seam and introducing the Y direction current to affect the offset of the parallel welding seam, when the number of turns of the deflection winding is 100 turns, the X axis is connected with 150mA current, the Y axis is connected with 538mA current, and the offset of the electron beam focusing point parallel to the welding seam is about 3mm, as shown in figure 5 b.
Step seven: carrying out an experiment for improving electron beam welding offset, repeating the experiment preparation process in the third step, selecting a deflection coil framework as copper, and manufacturing the solid deflection coil shown in the figure 3 according to the main size of the deflection coil in the second step, wherein the inner diameter r of the deflection coil is 20mm, and the axial size l is 60 mm; the position relation of the deflection coils is formed by placing two groups of solenoids which are perpendicular to each other, the distance l between every two adjacent groups is 40mm, and after the door of the welding chamber is cooled and opened, the deflection coils are placed above a workpiece by about 10 mm. And (3) closing the welding chamber door to repeat the experiment preparation work of the third step, setting the welding beam current of the electron beam welding equipment to be 2mA after the welding chamber door is ready, observing the position relation of the electron beam focal point of the operation screen from the welding line, recording the current in the X direction and the current in the Y direction of the deflection coil introduced in the experiment, adjusting according to the parameters in the table 1, introducing the current of 150mA in the X direction, introducing the current of 538mA in the Y direction, and reducing the offset of the electron beam focal point parallel to the welding line to about 1.6mm from the original 14.4 mm. The actual effect of improving the welding electron beam deflection is obtained, and the simulation and experiment results are compared as shown in fig. 6.
TABLE 1
The method for improving the welding offset of the electron beam welding comprises the steps of setting a deflection coil in an electron beam welding device, establishing a simulation model consistent with an actual welding environment through simulation software, determining the number of winding turns of the deflection coil and the magnitude of coil current corresponding to the deflection coil when a certain deviation rectifying effect is achieved through the simulation model, and setting the actual deflection coil in the electron beam welding device according to the determined number of winding turns and the current magnitude of the deflection coil so as to realize deviation rectifying of the electron beam welding. The method improves the weakening of the penetrating power of electrons caused by welding deviation in the electron beam welding process, influences the appearance of a molten pool and the physicochemical reaction of liquid metal, and prevents the generation of phenomena such as air holes, undercut, collapse, cracks and the like. The defects that the traditional demagnetization method generates high temperature to influence the surface performance of the material, the demagnetization effect of the large thick plate is not obvious, the experiment cost is high, and special experienced personnel are required to operate the demagnetization device are overcome.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of improving electron beam weld deflection, comprising:
measuring the field intensity of the weld joint of the magnetized welding part;
placing the magnetized welding piece in electron beam welding equipment, and determining the distance of an electron focus point of an electron beam deviating from a welding seam;
determining field intensity components along an X coordinate axis and a Y coordinate axis according to the measured field intensity of the welding seam and the distance of the electronic focus point deviating from the welding seam, and recording a plane formed by the X coordinate axis and the Y coordinate axis as a coordinate plane, wherein the coordinate plane is a plane which contains the welding seam and is perpendicular to the emission direction of the electron beam;
acquiring welding parameters of the electron beam welding equipment, wherein the welding parameters comprise: the type of the electron beam welding equipment, the welding voltage of the electron beam welding equipment, the welding beam current of the electron beam welding equipment and the focusing beam current of a focusing magnetic lens in the electron beam welding equipment;
obtaining electron beam welding model parameters, wherein the electron beam welding model parameters comprise: the beam-focusing pole size, the electron beam emission cathode size, the anode size, the focusing magnetic lens size and the size of a welding workpiece of the electron beam welding equipment;
inputting field intensity components along an X coordinate axis and a Y coordinate axis, welding parameters of the electron beam welding equipment and parameters of the electron beam welding model into simulation software to establish a simulation model;
setting a first deflection coil and a second deflection coil which are used for enabling electrons to deflect in the X direction and the Y direction and are perpendicular to each other in the simulation model, setting the size and the position of the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil, and introducing current along the Y direction into the first deflection coil and introducing current along the X direction into the second deflection coil; in the simulation process, adjusting the magnitude of current introduced into the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil or adjusting the number of turns of winding of the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil, and recording the distance of an electronic focus point deviating from a welding seam;
when the distance is smaller than a set threshold value, determining the current magnitude and the number of winding turns in the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil corresponding to the distance, and recording as a first optimized deflection current, a second optimized deflection current and an optimized number of winding turns;
setting a first solid deflection coil and a second solid deflection coil corresponding to the first deflection coil and the second deflection coil in the simulation model in the actual welding equipment;
and setting the turns of the first entity deflection coil and the second entity deflection coil according to the optimized turns, and inputting deflection current to the first entity deflection coil and the second entity deflection coil according to the first optimized deflection current and the second optimized deflection current so as to correct the deviation of electrons in the welding process.
2. The method for improving the welding offset of the electron beam welding according to claim 1, characterized in that a gauss meter is adopted to measure the field intensity of the weld seam of the magnetized welding piece.
3. The method for improving the welding offset of the electron beam welding according to claim 1, wherein the step of placing the magnetized welding piece in an electron beam welding device and determining the distance of the electron focusing point of the electron beam from the welding seam specifically comprises the following steps:
carrying out vacuum pumping operation on the electron beam welding equipment, and carrying out planar movement adjustment on a workbench to enable the workbench and an electron beam focusing point to be positioned in the center of a monitoring screen, and carrying out coordinate positioning operation; introducing air to reduce the vacuum degree, opening the welding chamber door after the air pressure is balanced, and placing the magnetized welding part after cooling; and vacuumizing again, and recording the coordinate of the electron beam focus point offset welding seam.
4. The method for improving the welding offset of the electron beam welding according to claim 3, wherein the field intensity of the welding seam of the magnetized welding piece is measured after the magnetized welding piece is placed in the electron beam welding equipment.
5. The method for improving the welding offset of the electron beam welding according to claim 1, wherein the determining the field intensity components along the X coordinate axis and the Y coordinate axis according to the measured field intensity of the welding seam and the distance of the electron focus point from the welding seam specifically comprises:
according to the formula
And
calculating the field strength component B along the X coordinate axisXAnd a field strength component B along the Y coordinate axisYWherein B is the measured field intensity of the welding seam, BZAnd AB and AC are the offsets of the electron focus points from the welding seam.
6. The method for improving electron beam welding off-set according to claim 1, characterized in that the established simulation model is gridded and the surrounding area between the cathode and the anode is gridded in the simulation software.
7. The method of improving electron beam welding weld bias according to claim 1, wherein the simulation software is CST Particle Studio software.
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