CN112974738A - Continuous casting microalloying production method - Google Patents
Continuous casting microalloying production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112974738A CN112974738A CN202110439484.XA CN202110439484A CN112974738A CN 112974738 A CN112974738 A CN 112974738A CN 202110439484 A CN202110439484 A CN 202110439484A CN 112974738 A CN112974738 A CN 112974738A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
- B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0075—Treating in a ladle furnace, e.g. up-/reheating of molten steel within the ladle
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
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Abstract
The invention provides a continuous casting microalloying production method, and relates to the field of metallurgy. The continuous casting microalloying production method comprises the following steps: in the continuous casting process, a plasma heating device with a hollow graphite electrode is used for heating molten steel in a tundish, and metal raw materials are pre-added in the heating process and enter the tundish along with argon through the hollow graphite electrode. The continuous casting microalloying production method can effectively solve the problems of element aggregation in the casting blank, crack generation on the surface of the casting blank and water gap blockage in part of heats in the existing production process, and improves the alloy yield and the alloy quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular to a continuous casting microalloying production method.
Background
With the development of China society, material transformation will develop towards the top. Most steel mills in China do not have the technical condition of using intermediate plasma heating, but with the continuous development of market economy in China, the requirements on the variety and the quality of steel are continuously improved, and the plasma heating technology of tundish molten steel plays a very important role in quality benefit type roads of steel enterprises and metallurgical industries in China. The tundish plasma heating adopts a hollow graphite three-electrode heating technology as a highly developed product of molten iron pretreatment, ladle refining, continuous casting and other technologies, and is further developed and perfected.
In the prior art, trace elements are added in a mode of directly adding required metal raw materials into a steel ladle in a smelting process, so that the metal raw materials are easily wrapped by steel slag and are difficult to fully react with molten steel; or lead to the problems of trace metals gathering in the casting blank, cracking and the like.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a continuous casting microalloying production method to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a continuous casting microalloying production method, comprising:
in the continuous casting process, a plasma heating device with a hollow graphite electrode is used for heating molten steel in a tundish, and metal raw materials are pre-added in the heating process and enter the tundish along with argon through the hollow graphite electrode.
Preferably, the continuous casting process further comprises:
and carrying out pre-dephosphorization, converter smelting, refining and vacuum degassing on molten iron to obtain the molten steel.
Preferably, in the molten iron, the mass content of Si is less than or equal to 0.25%, and the mass content of P is less than or equal to 0.07%;
preferably, the temperature of the pre-dephosphorization is 1250-;
preferably, the mass content of P in the molten iron after the pre-dephosphorization is less than or equal to 0.015%.
Alternatively, the temperature of the pre-dephosphorization may be any value between 1250 ℃, 1300 ℃, 1350 ℃, 1400 ℃, 1450 ℃, 1500 ℃ and 1250-.
Preferably, the converter smelting adopts a top-bottom combined blown converter and a single slag method for smelting;
preferably, in the process of smelting in the converter, the distance between the oxygen lance and the liquid level of the molten pool is 1600-1800 mm;
preferably, the oxygen flow rate is 26000-28000Nm in the converter smelting process3/h。
Optionally, in the converter smelting process, the distance between the oxygen lance and the liquid level of the molten pool can be any value between 1600mm, 1700mm, 1800mm and 1600-1800 mm; the oxygen flow may be 26000Nm3/h、27000Nm3/h、28000Nm326000 and 26000Nm3Any value between/h.
Preferably, the refining is performed by using an LF refining furnace;
preferably, refining slag, silicon carbide and aluminum granules are added to make white slag in the refining process;
preferably, the oxygen content of the molten steel obtained by refining is less than 20 ppm.
Preferably, the vacuum degree of the vacuum degassing is 100-150Pa, and the time is 30-50 min;
preferably, the oxygen content of the molten steel obtained by vacuum degassing is less than 10 ppm.
Alternatively, the vacuum degree of the vacuum degassing can be any value between 100Pa, 110Pa, 120Pa, 130Pa, 140Pa, 150Pa and 100-150Pa, and the time can be any value between 30min, 40min, 50min and 30-50 min.
Preferably, in the continuous casting process, the superheat degree is controlled to be 28-30 ℃;
preferably, in the continuous casting process, the casting temperature is 1525-.
Alternatively, in the continuous casting process, the degree of superheat may be controlled to any value between 28 ℃, 29 ℃, 30 ℃ and 28-30 ℃; the casting temperature may be any one of 1525 ℃, 1526 ℃, 1527 ℃, 1528 ℃, 1529 ℃, 1530 ℃ and 1525 ℃ and 1530 ℃.
Preferably, the continuous casting process further includes:
and heating the casting blank obtained in the continuous casting process, and then removing phosphorus, rolling and slowly cooling.
Preferably, the dephosphorization uses high-pressure water to remove iron oxide scales on the surface of the casting blank.
Preferably, the pre-added metal raw material is a powdery raw material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the continuous casting microalloying production method, the mode of pre-adding metal raw materials is adopted in the continuous casting tundish by adopting the hollow graphite electrode for blowing, so that the alloy yield is improved, the quality of steel is improved, the problem of surface cracks of a casting blank is solved, the alloy is prevented from being accumulated in the structure, the castability of molten steel is improved, and the problem of water gap blockage is solved.
Drawings
To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tundish used in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a cracked portion of the alloy ingot obtained in comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the elemental aggregation of alloy ingots obtained in example 2 and comparative example 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the elemental aggregation analysis of the alloy ingots obtained in example 2 and comparative example 2.
Reference numerals:
1-hollow graphite electrode; 2-blowing tank.
Detailed Description
The terms as used herein:
"prepared from … …" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
The conjunction "consisting of … …" excludes any unspecified elements, steps or components. If used in a claim, the phrase is intended to claim as closed, meaning that it does not contain materials other than those described, except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of … …" appears in a clause of the subject matter of the claims rather than immediately after the subject matter, it defines only the elements described in the clause; other elements are not excluded from the claims as a whole.
When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed.
In these examples, the parts and percentages are by mass unless otherwise indicated.
"part by mass" means a basic unit of measure indicating a mass ratio of a plurality of components, and 1 part may represent any unit mass, for example, 1g or 2.689 g. If we say that the part by mass of the component A is a part by mass and the part by mass of the component B is B part by mass, the ratio of the part by mass of the component A to the part by mass of the component B is a: b. alternatively, the mass of the A component is aK and the mass of the B component is bK (K is an arbitrary number, and represents a multiple factor). It is unmistakable that, unlike the parts by mass, the sum of the parts by mass of all the components is not limited to 100 parts.
"and/or" is used to indicate that one or both of the illustrated conditions may occur, e.g., a and/or B includes (a and B) and (a or B).
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The structure of a continuous casting tundish, which is shown in fig. 1, will be described first.
The tundish adopts a hollow graphite three-electrode structure, a blowing tank 2 is arranged on a hollow graphite electrode 1, and a metal hose is adopted for connection.
When the hollow graphite electrode is adopted for heating after the plasma heating is started, different powers are adopted according to different types of alloys, and a high-purity argon arc striking mode is adopted, so that the high-temperature volatilization of the alloys and the aggregation during solidification are prevented.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a continuous casting microalloying production method of a copper-containing alloy, which comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) pre-dephosphorizing molten iron: the molten iron meeting the requirements is selected to carry out the pretreatment dephosphorization of the molten iron, the [ Si ] of the molten iron entering the furnace is required to be less than or equal to 0.25, the [ P ] is required to be less than or equal to 0.07 percent, the temperature is 1400 ℃, and the molten iron [ P ] after the dephosphorization is added with the dephosphorization reagent is less than or equal to 0.015 percent.
(2) Top-bottom combined blown converter: smelting by using a 120-ton pure dephosphorization molten iron single slag method, wherein the height of an oxygen gun position from the molten steel surface of a molten pool in the blowing process is 1600-1800 mm; oxygen flow rate: 26000 to 28000Nm3H; controlling the tapping components within the process requirement range.
(3) An LF refining furnace: after tapping, the steel is hoisted to an LF furnace for refining and heating, refined slag, silicon carbide and aluminum particles are added to produce white slag, and the oxygen content measured by an oxygen meter is controlled within 20 ppm.
(4) Vacuum degassing in an RH furnace: the high vacuum treatment time is 100Pa for 30min, the oxygen content measured by an oxygen determination instrument is controlled within 10ppm, and calcium treatment is not carried out before the product is taken out of the station.
(5) And (3) continuous casting process: three hollow graphite electrode plasma heating devices are used for heating molten steel in a tundish, the temperature of the molten steel is uniform, and the superheat degree is controlled to be 28-30 ℃;
the copper block is smashed and granulated and then blown into the molten steel through the hollow graphite electrode 1 of the tundish under the action of argon, high-power plasma heating is adopted to match with high-speed argon jet flow, the covering agent on the surface of the molten steel is blown away by the plasma, the copper powder as an alloy element is dissolved into the molten steel, and meanwhile, the high-power compensation temperature is adopted to be 0.7 ℃ per minute, so that the temperature of the submerged nozzle of the crystallizer is increased, and the aggregation of the Cu element of the continuous casting billet in the solidification process is reduced. The condition of water gap blockage does not occur in the subsequent multi-furnace production process;
controlling the temperature to be 1525 ℃ for casting, using two-stage electromagnetic stirring and heavy pressing, carrying out weak cooling and low drawing speed for casting, and taking pit slow cooling after the casting blank is off line.
(6) Heating a casting blank: and sufficient heating time and heating temperature are ensured, the uniform heating of the casting blank is ensured, and the carbide is fully dissolved.
(7) Dephosphorization by high-pressure water: the scale on the surface of the casting blank is removed by the mechanical impact force of high-pressure water.
(8) Rolling: the finish rolling temperature and the temperature of the upper cooling bed are controlled to ensure fine grains and uniform structure.
(9) Slow cooling: and after the cooling bed is off line, the cooling bed enters the pit in time to reduce the stress of the material.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a continuous casting microalloying production method containing light rare earth, which comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) pre-dephosphorizing molten iron: the molten iron meeting the requirements is selected to carry out the pretreatment dephosphorization of the molten iron, the [ Si ] of the molten iron entering the furnace is required to be less than or equal to 0.25, the [ P ] is required to be less than or equal to 0.07 percent, the temperature is 1250 ℃, and the molten iron [ P ] after the dephosphorization reagent is added is less than or equal to 0.015 percent.
(2) Top-bottom combined blown converter: smelting by using a 120-ton pure dephosphorization molten iron single slag method, wherein the height of an oxygen gun position from the molten steel surface of a molten pool in the blowing process is 1600-1800 mm; oxygen flow rate: 26000 to 28000Nm3H; control ofThe tapping components are within the technological requirement range.
(3) An LF refining furnace: after tapping, the steel is hoisted to an LF furnace for refining and heating, refined slag, silicon carbide and aluminum particles are added to produce white slag, and the oxygen content measured by an oxygen meter is controlled within 20 ppm.
(4) Vacuum degassing in an RH furnace: the high vacuum treatment time is 100Pa for 30min, the oxygen content measured by an oxygen determination instrument is controlled within 10ppm, and calcium treatment is not carried out before the product is taken out of the station.
(5) And (3) continuous casting process: three hollow graphite electrode plasma heating devices are used for heating molten steel in a tundish, the temperature of the molten steel is uniform, and the superheat degree is controlled to be 28-30 ℃;
the light rare earth blocks are crushed and ground into powder, and then blown into the molten steel through a hollow graphite electrode of a tundish under the action of argon, and due to the fact that plasma heating with proper power is adopted and matched with high-speed argon jet flow, a covering agent on the surface of the molten steel is blown away by the plasma, most of rare earth elements are dissolved into the molten steel, and no obvious splashing exists; the temperature is compensated by proper power at 0.3 degree/min, so that the problem of castability is solved; the condition of water gap blockage does not occur in the subsequent multi-furnace production process;
and (3) controlling the temperature to be 1525-1530 ℃ for casting, performing two-stage electromagnetic stirring and heavy pressing, performing weak cooling and low pulling speed casting, and taking pit entry slow cooling after the casting blank is off line.
(6) Heating a casting blank: and sufficient heating time and heating temperature are ensured, the uniform heating of the casting blank is ensured, and the carbide is fully dissolved.
(7) Dephosphorization by high-pressure water: the scale on the surface of the casting blank is removed by the mechanical impact force of high-pressure water.
(8) Rolling: the finish rolling temperature and the temperature of the upper cooling bed are controlled to ensure fine grains and uniform structure.
(9) Slow cooling: and after the cooling bed is off line, the cooling bed enters the pit in time to reduce the stress of the material.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a continuous casting microalloying production method of manganese-containing alloy, which comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) pre-dephosphorizing molten iron: the molten iron meeting the requirements is selected to carry out the pretreatment dephosphorization of the molten iron, the [ Si ] of the molten iron entering the furnace is required to be less than or equal to 0.25, the [ P ] is required to be less than or equal to 0.07 percent, the temperature is 1250 ℃, and the molten iron [ P ] after the dephosphorization reagent is added is less than or equal to 0.015 percent.
(2) Top-bottom combined blown converter: smelting by using a 120-ton pure dephosphorization molten iron single slag method, wherein the height of an oxygen gun position from the molten steel surface of a molten pool in the blowing process is 1600-1800 mm; oxygen flow rate: 26000 to 28000Nm3H; controlling the tapping components within the process requirement range.
(3) An LF refining furnace: after tapping, the steel is hoisted to an LF furnace for refining and heating, refined slag, silicon carbide and aluminum particles are added to produce white slag, and the oxygen content measured by an oxygen meter is controlled within 20 ppm.
(4) Vacuum degassing in an RH furnace: the high vacuum treatment time is 100Pa for 30min, the oxygen content measured by an oxygen determination instrument is controlled within 10ppm, and calcium treatment is not carried out before the product is taken out of the station.
(5) And (3) continuous casting process: three hollow graphite electrode plasma heating devices are used for heating molten steel in a tundish, the temperature of the molten steel is uniform, and the superheat degree is controlled to be 28-30 ℃;
blocky manganese alloy is crushed and ground and then blown into molten steel through a hollow graphite electrode of a tundish under the action of argon, and due to the fact that plasma heating with proper power is adopted to match with high-speed argon jet flow, a covering agent on the surface of the molten steel is blown away by the plasma, most of manganese alloy elements are dissolved into the molten steel, and no obvious splashing exists; the temperature is compensated by proper power at 0.3 degree/min, so that the problem of castability is solved; the condition of water gap blockage does not occur in the subsequent multi-furnace production process;
and (3) controlling the temperature to be 1525-1530 ℃ for casting, performing two-stage electromagnetic stirring and heavy pressing, performing weak cooling and low pulling speed casting, and taking pit entry slow cooling after the casting blank is off line.
(6) Heating a casting blank: and sufficient heating time and heating temperature are ensured, the uniform heating of the casting blank is ensured, and the carbide is fully dissolved.
(7) Dephosphorization by high-pressure water: the scale on the surface of the casting blank is removed by the mechanical impact force of high-pressure water.
(8) Rolling: the finish rolling temperature and the temperature of the upper cooling bed are controlled to ensure fine grains and uniform structure.
(9) Slow cooling: and after the cooling bed is off line, the cooling bed enters the pit in time to reduce the stress of the material.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 1, the difference is that:
after vacuum breaking in the later stage of RH refining, pure copper blocks are put into a ladle before the ladle is taken out of a station as alloy elements, and the alloy elements are easy to gather in a casting blank and generate surface cracks due to low melting point. In the subsequent production process, the condition of water gap blockage appears in part of the heating times.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment 2, the difference is that:
after molten steel is fully deoxidized and desulfurized, rare earth alloy is put into a steel ladle, and because the alloy has stronger oxidability and lower density than the molten steel, the alloy is easy to be wrapped by steel slag and difficult to fully react with the molten steel after being added, and the final yield is lower.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the embodiment 3, the difference is that:
after the molten steel is fully deoxidized and desulfurized, the manganese-containing alloy is put into the steel ladle, and the added manganese-containing alloy is easy to be wrapped by the steel slag and difficult to fully react with the molten steel, so that the final yield is low.
The main process parameters of the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 Process parameters table
The yields of the alloys obtained in the examples and comparative examples were calculated, and are specifically shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 alloy yields
The method for calculating the yield of the alloy referred to herein is: alloy final yield/alloy initial charge 100%.
In order to further prove the advantages of the continuous casting microalloying production method provided by the application in eliminating ingot cracks and preventing the elements in the alloy from aggregating, the alloys obtained in the examples and the comparative examples are examined in the aspects of cracks and element aggregation. As can be seen from fig. 2 (scanning electron microscope test), the alloy ingot obtained in comparative example 1 has obvious cracks, while the ingot obtained in the example of the present application has no cracks, and the yield of the ingot is increased from about 90% of the prior art to 96% of the prior art. As can be seen from fig. 3 (scanning electron microscope test) and fig. 4 (OPA in situ analyzer test), the aggregation of the elements is evident in comparative example 2, but not in example 2.
This application adopts the mode of cavity graphite electrode jetting powder alloy through at the continuous casting tundish, improves the alloy yield, improves the quality of steel, prevents that the alloy from gathering in the tissue, can improve the castability of molten steel simultaneously.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims above, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A continuous casting microalloying production method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the continuous casting process, a plasma heating device with a hollow graphite electrode is used for heating molten steel in a tundish, and metal raw materials are pre-added in the heating process and enter the tundish along with argon through the hollow graphite electrode.
2. The continuous casting microalloying production method according to claim 1, wherein the continuous casting process is preceded by:
and carrying out pre-dephosphorization, converter smelting, refining and vacuum degassing on molten iron to obtain the molten steel.
3. The continuous casting microalloying production method according to claim 2, wherein the molten iron contains Si in an amount of 0.25% by mass or less and P in an amount of 0.07% by mass or less;
preferably, the temperature of the pre-dephosphorization is 1250-;
preferably, the mass content of P in the molten iron after the pre-dephosphorization is less than or equal to 0.015%.
4. The continuous casting microalloying production method according to claim 2, wherein the converter smelting is carried out by a single slag method using a top-bottom combined blown converter;
preferably, in the process of smelting in the converter, the distance between the oxygen lance and the liquid level of the molten pool is 1600-1800 mm;
preferably, the oxygen flow rate is 26000-28000Nm in the converter smelting process3/h。
5. The continuous casting microalloying production method according to claim 2, wherein the refining is performed by an LF refining furnace;
preferably, refining slag, silicon carbide and aluminum granules are added to make white slag in the refining process;
preferably, the oxygen content of the molten steel obtained by refining is less than 20 ppm.
6. The continuous casting microalloying production method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum degassing is 100-150Pa, and the time is 30-50 min;
preferably, the oxygen content of the molten steel obtained by vacuum degassing is less than 10 ppm.
7. The continuous casting microalloying production method according to claim 1, wherein in the continuous casting process, the degree of superheat is controlled to be 28 to 30 ℃;
preferably, in the continuous casting process, the casting temperature is 1525-.
8. The continuous casting microalloying production method according to claim 1, wherein the continuous casting process is followed by further including:
and heating the casting blank obtained in the continuous casting process, and then removing phosphorus, rolling and slowly cooling.
9. The continuous casting microalloying production method of claim 8, wherein the dephosphorization uses high pressure water to remove iron oxide scales on the surface of the cast slab.
10. The continuous casting microalloying production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the pre-addition metal raw material is a powdery raw material.
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