CN111118398A - High-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel and production method thereof - Google Patents
High-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
Abstract
The invention discloses high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel and a production method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy. The spring steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.54-0.64%, Si: 1.40-2.00%, Mn: 0.40-0.80%, Cr: 1.00-1.50%, Ni: 0.10-0.40%, Mo: 0.10-0.40%, Al: 0.015-0.080%, P is less than or equal to 0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.020%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.25%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The production method comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, heating and rolling. The spring steel has good hardenability, obdurability and low-temperature impact toughness, has wide application prospect, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing cylindrical helical springs with steel specification being more than or equal to phi 50 mm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel and a production method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the demand of engineering machinery is increased sharply. The large-tonnage engineering machinery has larger working stress, the use region difference puts new requirements on the impact performance of parts, and the spring steel for the large-tonnage engineering machinery is required to have high strength and high hardenability and also has better impact toughness under the low-temperature condition of minus 40 ℃.
The requirements of high hardenability and high strength of the spring steel can be realized by adding alloy elements. The spring steel has high hardenability and high strength, and simultaneously has better impact toughness under the low temperature condition of minus 40 ℃, and has better economical efficiency, which is a new problem to be solved at present.
The content of C, Si, Mn, Cr and Ni in the spring steel is specified in the invention patent with the patent number of ZL 201210005280.6 and the invention name of 'hardenability-maintaining high-strength low-temperature toughness spring steel', the hardenability of the spring steel can reach J20mm not less than 55HRC while ensuring the high-strength low-temperature toughness, but can not reach the J30mm not less than 55HRC with higher requirement, so the spring steel can not be used for producing larger-size springs.
The content of C, Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu and P in the spring steel is specified in Chinese invention patent application with the application number of 201710165616.8 and the invention name of 'a corrosion-resistant spring steel for high-speed railway spring strips and a production method thereof', and the spring steel has higher corrosion resistance while the performance of the spring steel is ensured. But the hardenability is poor, so that the steel is not suitable for large-size spring steel, and the low-temperature impact property is poor, so that the steel is not suitable for being used in a low-temperature environment.
The chinese patent application No. 201610844384.4 entitled "spring steel excellent in fatigue properties and method for producing the same" stipulates the contents of C, Si, Mn, and Cr in spring steel, and adds the contents of one or more elements among Cu, Ni, Mo, Nb, Ti, V, and B to provide spring steel with excellent fatigue properties, but the performance index and application range of the spring steel cannot be confirmed.
The spring steel has the characteristics of high strength, high toughness and high hardenability, is ZL 20051001800.7, has the name of "high strength, high plasticity and high hardenability spring steel", has the name of ZL200710052805.0, has the name of "high-section spring steel with high stress, high plasticity and high hardenability", has the name of "ZL 2003801000602.4, has the name of" spring steel with improved hardenability and pitting corrosion resistance ", and has the contents of elements such as C, Si, Mn, Cr and the like, so that the spring steel has high hardenability, is suitable for springs with large section diameters of different sizes, but cannot ensure the low-temperature toughness of the material while having high strength and high hardenability.
From the above, in order to satisfy the requirement that the spring steel for large-sized engineering machinery is suitable for various environments, particularly cold environments, it is urgently needed to develop a spring steel with high hardenability, high strength and good low-temperature toughness for large-sized springs.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel and a production method thereof. The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the spring steel with high hardenability, high strength and low temperature toughness comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.54-0.64%, Si: 1.40-2.00%, Mn: 0.40-0.80%, Cr: 1.00-1.50%, Ni: 0.10-0.40%, Mo: 0.10-0.40%, Al: 0.015-0.080%, P is less than or equal to 0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.020%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.25%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The hardenability J1.5mm of the tail end of the spring steel is more than or equal to 60HRC, J30mm is more than or equal to 55HRC, after oil quenching at 850 +/-20 ℃ and tempering at 450 +/-30 ℃, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1700MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1500MPa, and the impact energy KU2 at minus 40 ℃ is more than or equal to 16J.
The spring steel has the following chemical component design ideas:
the invention adds a certain content of Ni, aiming at improving the low-temperature impact toughness of the steel; the hardenability and the mechanical property of the steel are improved by improving the contents of Mn and Cr elements and adding a certain amount of Mo element; a small amount of Al is added to achieve the purposes of strengthening deoxidation and refining grains. The function and content of each element in the invention are controlled as follows:
c: in order to ensure high strength of the spring steel, sufficient carbon must be present, but as the carbon content increases, the ductility and toughness of the steel decreases. By properly reducing the content of C, the low-temperature toughness of the steel is improved to a certain extent while the high strength of the spring is met, and meanwhile, the strengthening effect of alloy elements needs to be exerted to make up for the loss of strength and hardenability caused by the reduction of the content of carbon. The content of C is preferably 0.56-0.60%.
Si has a solid solution strengthening effect in the spring steel, can effectively improve the strength of the spring steel, promotes the dispersion and precipitation of carbides during tempering of the steel, changes the number, size and form of the precipitated carbides during tempering, promotes precipitation strengthening, improves the tempering stability of the steel, improves the relaxation resistance of the spring, can obviously improve the elastic regression resistance of the spring, and plays a main role in ensuring the qualified residual deformation of the spring. Too low Si content has no obvious effect of improving the sag resistance and the solid solution strengthening, and too high Si content promotes the precipitation of graphite carbon in steel. The preferable Si content range of the invention is 1.50-1.80%.
The main role of Mn is to increase the hardenability of spring steel, and its dissolution into ferrite has a solid-solution strengthening effect. The proper quenching temperature is controlled, and the cooling speed is improved after tempering, thereby being beneficial to improving the low-temperature toughness of the steel. However, too high Mn content tends to coarsen grains and lower the toughness of the steel. The preferable Mn content range of the invention is 0.70-0.80%.
Cr can remarkably improve the hardenability of the spring steel, and simultaneously, Cr is a strong carbide forming element and can prevent the graphitization of C. However, too high a Cr content lowers the sag resistance of the steel. The preferable Cr content range of the invention is 1.10-1.20%.
Ni is considered as the element which has the greatest effect of reducing the cold brittleness transformation temperature of the steel, the low-temperature toughness of the steel is obviously improved, and meanwhile, the combined effect of Ni and Mo enables the steel to have a very high fatigue limit. Ni belongs to a more expensive alloy element, and the Ni element is usually added into spring steel very rarely unless necessary, and the oxide scale of the steel containing Ni is not easy to remove, thereby influencing the surface quality of the steel. The preferable Ni content range of the invention is 0.20-0.35%.
Mo element can improve the hardenability of steel, reduce the temper brittleness of steel, reduce the ductile-brittle transition temperature and improve the fatigue performance, and Mo element added into spring steel can also improve the sag resistance of steel. The preferable Mo content range of the invention is 0.10-0.20%.
Al is a strong deoxidizing element, can greatly reduce the oxygen content of steel, and refines the grain structure of the steel, so that the spring steel has high fatigue strength.
The invention also provides a production method of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel, which comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, heating and rolling.
In the converter smelting process, the content of the end point C is controlled to be more than or equal to 0.08 percent, the content of the end point P is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the tapping temperature is 1620 +/-20 ℃, and a carburant and an alloy material are added in the tapping process to ensure that chemical components reach the lower limit of a target range.
In the LF refining process, a graphite electrode is adopted for heating, the target value is achieved by fine adjustment of components, the white slag time is kept to be more than or equal to 25min in the refining process, and the end point temperature is 1570-1610 ℃.
In the VD vacuum degassing process, the vacuum degree is kept below 67Pa for 10-15 min; the soft argon blowing flow is 10-60 NL/min, and the soft blowing time is 15-30 min; and the VD end point temperature is 1510-1550 ℃.
In the continuous casting process, the continuous casting speed is 0.50-0.70 m/min, the specific water amount is 0.17-0.23L/kg, the crystallizer is electromagnetically stirred for 200-400A/2.5 Hz, the tail end is electromagnetically stirred for 300-500A/8 Hz, argon is used for protection pouring, and the argon flow is 3-7 m3And h, the liquid level height of the tundish is more than or equal to 600 mm.
In the heating process, the temperature of the preheating section is less than or equal to 750 ℃, and the heating time is more than or equal to 140 min.
In the rolling process, the initial rolling temperature is 1060-1120 ℃, and rolled steel enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the requirements of large-size spring steel on hardenability, toughness and the like are met through proper component design, and the steel has good low-temperature impact toughness, has wide application prospect in the field of large-size springs, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing cylindrical spiral springs with steel specifications of more than or equal to phi 50 mm.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
The chemical components and mass percentages of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel of the embodiment are shown in table 1. The steel material was rolled into a phi 60mm spring steel, and its hardenability and mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
The production method of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, heating and rolling. The steps of each process are as follows:
a converter smelting process: controlling the content of C at the end point of smelting in a converter to be 0.11 percent, controlling the content of P at the end point to be 0.008 percent, controlling the tapping temperature to be 1630 ℃, and adding a carburant and an alloy material in the tapping process to ensure that the chemical components reach the lower limit of a target range;
an LF refining procedure: heating by adopting a graphite electrode, keeping the white slag time for 30min in the refining process, and finely adjusting the components to enable the white slag to reach a target value, wherein the LF refining end point temperature is 1595 ℃.
VD vacuum degassing process: keeping the vacuum at 67Pa for 11 min; soft argon blowing flow of 30NL/min, and soft blowing time of 21 min; VD end point temperature is 1530 ℃;
and (3) continuous casting process: the continuous casting speed is 0.55m/min, the specific water amount is 0.23L/kg, the crystallizer is electromagnetically stirred for 400A/4Hz, the tail end is electromagnetically stirred for 500A/8Hz, the casting is carried out under the protection of argon, and the flow of the argon is 5m3H, the liquid level height of the tundish is 620 mm;
a heating procedure: a walking beam type heating furnace is adopted, the heating temperature of the heating section is controlled to be 730 ℃, the heating temperature of each area of the heating section is controlled to ensure that the initial rolling temperature is 1060-;
a rolling procedure: the rolling temperature is 1095 ℃, pits, scabs, pitted surfaces and the like which influence the surface quality of the steel are not needed on the surface of the rolling groove, and the rolled steel enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling.
Example 2
The chemical components and mass percentages of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel of the embodiment are shown in table 1. The steel material was rolled into phi 55mm spring steel, and its hardenability and mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
The production method of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, heating and rolling. The steps of each process are as follows:
a converter smelting process: controlling the content of C at the end point of converter smelting to be 0.08 percent, the content of P at the end point to be 0.010 percent and the tapping temperature to be 1640 ℃; adding a carburant and an alloy material in the tapping process to enable chemical components to reach the lower limit of a target range;
an LF refining procedure: heating a graphite electrode, finely adjusting components to reach a target value, keeping white slag time for 35min in the refining process, and keeping the LF refining end point temperature of 1610 ℃;
VD vacuum degassing process: keeping the vacuum at 67Pa for 15min, and keeping the soft argon blowing flow at 40NL/min, the soft argon blowing time at 30min and the VD end point temperature at 1535 ℃;
and (3) continuous casting process: the continuous casting speed is 0.70m/min, the specific water amount is 0.23L/kg, the crystallizer is electromagnetically stirred for 400A/2.5Hz, the tail end is electromagnetically stirred for 500A/8Hz, the pouring is carried out under the protection of argon, the flow of the argon is 6m3H, the liquid level height of the tundish is 600 mm;
a heating procedure: a walking beam type heating furnace is adopted, the heating temperature of the preheating section is controlled to be 750 ℃, the heating temperature of each area of the heating section is controlled to ensure that the initial rolling temperature is 1060-1120 ℃, and the heating time is 145 min;
a rolling procedure: the rolling temperature is 1084 ℃, pits, scabs, pitted surfaces and the like which influence the surface quality of the steel are not required on the surface of the rolling groove, and the rolled steel enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling.
Example 3
The chemical components and mass percentages of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel of the embodiment are shown in table 1. The steel material was rolled into a phi 60mm spring steel, and its hardenability and mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
The production method of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, heating and rolling. The steps of each process are as follows:
a converter smelting process: controlling the content of C at the end point of converter smelting to be 0.10 percent, the content of P at the end point to be 0.003 percent and the tapping temperature to be 1622 ℃; adding a carburant and an alloy material in the tapping process to enable chemical components to reach the lower limit of a target range;
an LF refining procedure: heating a graphite electrode, finely adjusting components to enable the components to reach a target value, keeping white slag time for 36min in the refining process, and keeping the LF refining end point temperature to be 1592 ℃;
VD vacuum degassing process: keeping the vacuum at 67Pa for 12 min; soft argon blowing flow of 60NL/min, and soft blowing time of 30 min; VD end point temperature 1522 ℃;
and (3) continuous casting process: the continuous casting speed is 0.68m/min, the specific water amount is 0.23L/kg, the crystallizer is electromagnetically stirred for 400A/2.5Hz, the tail end is electromagnetically stirred for 500A/8Hz, the pouring is carried out under the protection of argon, and the flow of the argon is 3m3H, the liquid level height of the tundish is 660 mm;
a heating procedure: a walking beam type heating furnace is adopted, the heating temperature of the preheating section is controlled to be 720 ℃, the heating temperature of each area of the heating section is controlled to ensure that the initial rolling temperature is 1060-;
a rolling procedure: the initial rolling temperature is 1060 ℃, the surface of the rolling groove can not have pits, scabs, pitted surfaces and the like which influence the surface quality of the steel, and the rolled steel enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling.
Example 4
The chemical components and mass percentages of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel of the embodiment are shown in table 1. The steel material was rolled into phi 68mm spring steel, and its hardenability and mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
The production method of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, heating and rolling. The steps of each process are as follows:
a converter smelting process: controlling the C content at the end point of converter smelting to be 0.12 percent, the P content at the end point to be 0.009 percent and the tapping temperature to be 1600 ℃; adding a carburant and an alloy material in the tapping process to enable chemical components to reach the lower limit of a target range;
an LF refining procedure: heating a graphite electrode, finely adjusting components to reach a target value, keeping white slag time for 42min in the refining process, and keeping the LF refining end point temperature to 1570 ℃;
VD vacuum degassing process: keeping the vacuum at 65Pa for 10min, and keeping the soft argon blowing flow rate at 10NL/min, the soft argon blowing time at 15min, and the VD end point temperature at 1510 ℃;
and (3) continuous casting process: the continuous casting speed is 0.70m/min, the specific water amount is 0.20L/kg, the crystallizer is electromagnetically stirred for 400A/2.5Hz, the tail end is electromagnetically stirred for 500A/8Hz, the pouring is carried out under the protection of argon, and the flow of the argon is 3m3H, the height of the liquid level of the tundish is 680 mm;
a continuous casting billet heating procedure: a walking beam type heating furnace is adopted, the heating temperature of the preheating section is controlled to be 725 ℃, the heating temperature of each area of the heating section is controlled to ensure that the initial rolling temperature is 1060-;
a rolling procedure: the rolling temperature is 1120 ℃, pits, scabs, pitted surfaces and the like which influence the surface quality of the steel are not required on the surface of the rolling groove, and the rolled steel enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling.
Example 5
The chemical components and mass percentages of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel of the embodiment are shown in table 1. The steel material was rolled into phi 78mm spring steel, and its hardenability and mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
The production method of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, heating and rolling. The steps of each process are as follows:
a converter smelting process: controlling the content of C at the end point of converter smelting to be 0.14 percent, the content of P at the end point to be 0.005 percent and the tapping temperature to be 1608 ℃; adding a carburant and an alloy material in the tapping process to enable chemical components to reach the lower limit of a target range;
an LF refining procedure: heating a graphite electrode, finely adjusting components to reach a target value, keeping white slag time for 38min in the refining process, and keeping the LF refining end point temperature at 1588 ℃;
VD vacuum degassing process: keeping the vacuum at 67Pa for 14 min; the soft argon blowing flow is 45NL/min, and the soft blowing time is 24 min; VD end point temperature is 1530 ℃;
and (3) continuous casting process: the continuous casting speed is 0.5m/min, the specific water amount is 0.17L/kg, the electromagnetic stirring of a crystallizer is 200A/2.5Hz, the electromagnetic stirring of the tail end is 300A/8Hz, the pouring is carried out under the protection of argon, and the flow of the argon is 5m3H, the liquid level height of the tundish is 660 mm;
a heating procedure: a walking beam type heating furnace is adopted, the heating temperature of the preheating section is controlled to be 730 ℃, the heating temperature of each zone of the heating section is controlled to ensure that the initial rolling temperature is 1060-;
a rolling procedure: the initial rolling temperature is 1080 ℃, the surface of the rolling groove can not have pits, scabs, pitted surfaces and the like which influence the surface quality of the steel, and the rolled steel enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling.
Example 6
The chemical components and mass percentages of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel of the embodiment are shown in table 1. The steel material was rolled into a phi 60mm spring steel, and its hardenability and mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
The production method of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, heating and rolling. The steps of each process are as follows:
a converter smelting process: controlling the content of C at the end point of converter smelting to be 0.09 percent, the content of P at the end point to be 0.010 percent and the tapping temperature to be 1624 ℃; adding a carburant and an alloy material in the tapping process to enable chemical components to reach the lower limit of a target range;
an LF refining procedure: heating a graphite electrode, finely adjusting components to reach a target value, keeping white slag time for 35min in the refining process, and keeping the LF refining end point temperature at 1585 ℃;
VD vacuum degassing process: keeping the vacuum at 67Pa for 12 min; the soft argon blowing flow is 35NL/min, and the soft blowing time is 26 min; VD end point temperature 1524 ℃;
and (3) continuous casting process: the continuous casting speed is 0.55m/min, the specific water amount is 0.2L/kg, the crystallizer is electromagnetically stirred for 400A/2.5Hz, the tail end is electromagnetically stirred for 500A/8Hz, the pouring is carried out under the protection of argon, and the flow of the argon is 5m3The liquid level of the tundish is 650 mm;
a heating procedure: a walking beam type heating furnace is adopted, the heating temperature of the preheating section is controlled to be 740 ℃, the heating temperature of each zone of the heating section is controlled to ensure that the initial rolling temperature is 1060-;
a rolling procedure: the rolling temperature is 1075 ℃, the surface of the rolling groove can not have pits, scabs, pitted surfaces and the like which influence the surface quality of the steel, and the rolled steel enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling.
Example 7
The chemical components and mass percentages of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel of the embodiment are shown in table 1. The steel material was rolled into a phi 60mm spring steel, and its hardenability and mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
The production method of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, heating and rolling. The steps of each process are as follows:
a converter smelting process: controlling the C content at the end point of converter smelting to be 0.13 percent, the P content at the end point to be 0.008 percent and the tapping temperature to be 1622 ℃; adding a carburant and an alloy material in the tapping process to enable chemical components to reach the lower limit of a target range;
an LF refining procedure: heating by adopting a graphite electrode, finely adjusting components to reach a target value, keeping the white slag time for 36min in the refining process, and keeping the LF refining end point temperature to be 1576 ℃;
VD vacuum degassing process: keeping the vacuum at 67Pa for 10min, and keeping the soft argon blowing flow at 20NL/min, the soft argon blowing time at 18min and the VD end point temperature at 1525 ℃;
and (3) continuous casting process: continuous casting draw speed of 0.68mmin, specific water amount of 0.2L/kg, crystallizer electromagnetic stirring of 400A/2.5Hz, end electromagnetic stirring of 500A/8Hz, argon protection pouring, and argon flow of 6m3The liquid level of the tundish is 630 mm;
a heating procedure: a walking beam type heating furnace is adopted, the heating temperature of the preheating section is controlled to be 740 ℃, the heating temperature of each zone of the heating section is controlled to ensure that the initial rolling temperature is 1060-1120 ℃, and the heating time is 175 min;
a rolling procedure: the initial rolling temperature is 1060 ℃, the surface of the rolling groove can not have pits, scabs, pitted surfaces and the like which influence the surface quality of the steel, and the rolled steel enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling.
Example 8
The chemical components and mass percentages of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel of the embodiment are shown in table 1. The steel material was rolled into a phi 60mm spring steel, and its hardenability and mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
The production method of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, heating and rolling. The steps of each process are as follows:
a converter smelting process: controlling the content of C at the end point of converter smelting to be 0.15 percent and controlling the tapping temperature to be 1614 ℃; adding a carburant and an alloy material in the tapping process to enable chemical components to reach the lower limit of a target range;
an LF refining procedure: heating a graphite electrode, finely adjusting components to reach a target value, keeping the white slag time for 38min in the refining process, and keeping the LF refining end point temperature to 1577 ℃;
VD vacuum degassing process: keeping the vacuum at 65Pa for 10 min; the soft argon blowing flow is 15NL/min, and the soft blowing time is 30 min; VD end point temperature 1515 ℃;
and (3) continuous casting process: the continuous casting speed is 0.5m/min, the specific water amount is 0.17L/kg, the electromagnetic stirring of a crystallizer is 200A/2.5Hz, the electromagnetic stirring of the tail end is 300A/8Hz, the pouring is carried out under the protection of argon, and the flow of the argon is 3m3H, the liquid level height of the tundish is 600 mm;
a heating procedure: a walking beam type heating furnace is adopted, the heating temperature of the preheating section is controlled to be 750 ℃, the heating temperature of each area of the heating section is controlled to ensure that the initial rolling temperature is 1060-;
a rolling procedure: the rolling temperature is 1120 ℃, pits, scabs, pitted surfaces and the like which influence the surface quality of the steel are not required on the surface of the rolling groove, and the rolled steel enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling.
Example 9
The chemical components and mass percentages of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel of the embodiment are shown in table 1. The steel material was rolled into phi 50mm spring steel, and its hardenability and mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
The production method of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, heating and rolling. The steps of each process are as follows:
a converter smelting process: controlling the content of C at the end point of converter smelting to be 0.12 percent, the content of P at the end point to be 0.01 percent and the tapping temperature to be 1635 ℃; adding a carburant and an alloy material in the tapping process to enable chemical components to reach the lower limit of a target range;
an LF refining procedure: heating a graphite electrode, and finely adjusting components to enable the graphite electrode to reach a target value, wherein the white slag time is kept for 25min in the refining process, and the LF refining end point temperature is 1610 ℃;
VD vacuum degassing process: keeping the vacuum at 62Pa for 12.5 min; the soft argon blowing flow is 50NL/min, and the soft blowing time is 27 min; VD end point temperature of 1545 ℃;
and (3) continuous casting process: the continuous casting speed is 0.65m/min, the specific water amount is 0.22L/kg, the electromagnetic stirring of a crystallizer is 300A/2.5Hz, the electromagnetic stirring of the tail end is 450A/8Hz, the pouring is carried out under the protection of argon, the flow of the argon is 4m3The liquid level of the tundish is 650 mm;
a heating procedure: a walking beam type heating furnace is adopted, the heating temperature of the preheating section is controlled to be 710 ℃, the heating temperature of each zone of the heating section is controlled to ensure that the initial rolling temperature is 1060-;
a rolling procedure: the rolling temperature is 1070 ℃, pits, scabs, pitted surfaces and the like which influence the surface quality of the steel are not needed on the surface of the rolled groove, and the rolled steel enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling.
Example 10
The chemical components and mass percentages of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel of the embodiment are shown in table 1. The steel material was rolled into phi 70mm spring steel, and its hardenability and mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
The production method of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, heating and rolling. The steps of each process are as follows:
a converter smelting process: controlling the content of C at the end point of converter smelting to be 0.10 percent, the content of P at the end point to be 0.004 percent and the tapping temperature to be 1600 ℃; adding a carburant and an alloy material in the tapping process to enable chemical components to reach the lower limit of a target range;
an LF refining procedure: heating a graphite electrode, and finely adjusting components to enable the components to reach a target value, wherein the white slag time is kept for 40min in the refining process, and the LF refining end point temperature is 1600 ℃;
VD vacuum degassing process: keeping the vacuum at 64Pa for 13 min; the soft argon blowing flow is 55NL/min, and the soft blowing time is 15 min; VD end point temperature is 1550 ℃;
and (3) continuous casting process: the continuous casting speed is 0.6m/min, the specific water amount is 0.18L/kg, the electromagnetic stirring of a crystallizer is 300A/2.5Hz, the electromagnetic stirring of the tail end is 400A/8Hz, the pouring is carried out under the protection of argon, the flow of the argon is 4m3The liquid level of the tundish is 640 mm;
a heating procedure: a walking beam type heating furnace is adopted, the heating temperature of the preheating section is controlled to be 745 ℃, the heating temperature of each zone of the heating section is controlled to ensure that the initial rolling temperature is 1060-;
a rolling procedure: the rolling temperature is 1113 ℃, pits, scabs, pitted surfaces and the like which influence the surface quality of the steel are not required on the surface of the rolling groove, and the rolled steel enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling.
Example 11
The chemical components and mass percentages of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel of the embodiment are shown in table 1. The steel material was rolled into a phi 65mm spring steel, the hardenability and mechanical properties of which are shown in Table 2.
The production method of the high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, heating and rolling. The steps of each process are as follows:
a converter smelting process: controlling the content of C at the end point of converter smelting to be 0.08 percent, the content of P at the end point to be 0.007 percent and controlling the tapping temperature to be 1637 ℃; adding a carburant and an alloy material in the tapping process to enable chemical components to reach the lower limit of a target range;
an LF refining procedure: heating a graphite electrode, finely adjusting components to reach a target value, keeping white slag time for 27min in the refining process, and keeping the LF refining end point temperature of 1605 ℃;
VD vacuum degassing process: keeping the vacuum at 61Pa for 14.5 min; the soft argon blowing flow is 50NL/min, and the soft blowing time is 25 min; VD end point temperature of 1540 ℃;
and (3) continuous casting process: the continuous casting speed is 0.6m/min, the specific water amount is 0.19L/kg, the electromagnetic stirring of a crystallizer is 300A/2.5Hz, the electromagnetic stirring of the tail end is 400A/8Hz, the pouring is carried out under the protection of argon, the flow of the argon is 7m3H, the liquid level height of the tundish is 600 mm;
a heating procedure: a walking beam type heating furnace is adopted, the heating temperature of the preheating section is controlled to be 710 ℃, the heating temperature of each zone of the heating section is controlled to ensure that the initial rolling temperature is 1060-;
a rolling procedure: the initial rolling temperature is 1110 ℃, pits, scabs, pitted surfaces and the like which influence the surface quality of the steel are not required on the surface of the rolling groove, and the rolled steel enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling.
Comparative example 1
The hardenability-maintaining high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel has the chemical components and the mass percentage shown in table 1. The steel material was rolled into phi 50mm spring steel, and the hardenability and mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
The production method of the comparative example hardenability-retaining high-strength low-temperature toughness spring steel comprises the following specific steps:
a converter smelting process: controlling the content of C at the end point of converter smelting to be 0.12 percent, the content of P at the end point to be 0.013 percent and the tapping temperature to be 1614 ℃; adding a carburant and an alloy material in the tapping process to enable chemical components to reach the lower limit of a target range;
an LF refining procedure: heating a graphite electrode, and finely adjusting components to enable the graphite electrode to reach a target value, wherein the white slag time is kept for 33min in the refining process, and the LF refining end point temperature is 1608 ℃;
VD vacuum degassing process: keeping the vacuum at 61Pa for 14 min; soft argon blowing flow is 40NL/min, and soft blowing time is 26 min; VD end point temperature 1538 ℃;
and (3) continuous casting process: the continuous casting speed is 0.6m/min, the specific water amount is 0.20L/kg, the electromagnetic stirring of a crystallizer is 300A/2.5Hz, the electromagnetic stirring of the tail end is 400A/8Hz, the pouring is carried out under the protection of argon, the flow of the argon is 7m3H, the liquid level height of the tundish is 600 mm;
a heating procedure: a walking beam type heating furnace is adopted, the heating temperature of the preheating section is controlled to be 713 ℃, the heating temperature of each zone of the heating section is controlled to ensure that the initial rolling temperature is 1060-;
a rolling procedure: the initial rolling temperature is 1106 ℃, pits, scabs, pitted surfaces and the like which influence the surface quality of the rolled steel cannot be formed on the surface of the rolling groove, and the rolled steel enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling.
The chemical compositions of 11 example and comparative example steels of the spring steel of the present invention are shown in table 1; the hardenability and mechanical properties of the steel for the comparative spring steel are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 chemical composition ratio (wt%) of inventive example and comparative steel
In table 1, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
Stretching a sample: the steel materials of the examples and comparative examples were made into tensile and impact test specimens according to the requirements of the GB/T1222 standard, and Table 2 shows the test results of the examples and comparative examples of the present invention.
The heat treatment conditions of the tensile sample are as follows: quenching at 850 deg.C, and oil cooling for 40 min; tempering at 450 deg.C, and keeping the temperature for 90 min.
TABLE 2 comparison of inventive examples with comparative steel tensile specimens
As can be seen from Table 2, the spring steel of the present invention has higher hardenability than the comparative steel, and is suitable for producing springs of larger dimensions.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.54-0.64%, Si: 1.40-2.00%, Mn: 0.40-0.80%, Cr: 1.00-1.50%, Ni: 0.10-0.40%, Mo: 0.10-0.40%, Al: 0.015-0.080%, P is less than or equal to 0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.020%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.25%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
2. The spring steel with high hardenability and high strength and low temperature toughness as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spring steel has a terminal hardenability J1.5mm ≥ 60HRC, and J30mm ≥ 55 HRC; after oil quenching at 850 +/-20 ℃ and tempering at 450 +/-30 ℃, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1700MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1500MPa, and the impact energy KU2 at minus 40 ℃ is more than or equal to 16J.
3. The production method of the spring steel with high hardenability, high strength and low temperature toughness as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the production method comprises the procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, heating and rolling; in the heating procedure, the temperature of the preheating section is less than or equal to 750 ℃, and the heating time is more than or equal to 140 min.
4. The method for producing a spring steel with high hardenability, high strength and low temperature toughness as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the converter smelting process, the content of C at the end point is controlled to be more than or equal to 0.08%, the content of P at the end point is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.010%, the tapping temperature is 1620 +/-20 ℃, and a carburant and an alloy material are added during tapping to enable the chemical composition to reach the lower limit of the target range.
5. The method for producing the spring steel with high hardenability, high strength and low temperature toughness as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the LF refining process, graphite electrodes are used for heating, the target value is reached through fine adjustment of components, the white slag time is kept to be not less than 25min in the refining process, and the end temperature is 1570-1610 ℃.
6. The method for producing a high-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel according to claim 5, wherein in the VD vacuum degassing step, the holding time is 10-15 min when the vacuum degree is below 67 Pa; the soft argon blowing flow is 10-60 NL/min, and the soft blowing time is 15-30 min; and the VD end point temperature is 1510-1550 ℃.
7. The method for producing a spring steel with high hardenability, high strength and low temperature toughness as claimed in claim 6, wherein the continuous casting process comprises a continuous casting drawing speed of 0.50-0.70 m/min, a specific water amount of 0.17-0.23L/kg, a crystallizer electromagnetic stirring of 200-400A/2.5 Hz, a terminal electromagnetic stirring of 300-500A/8 Hz, an argon protection pouring, and an argon flow of 3-7 m3And h, the liquid level height of the tundish is more than or equal to 600 mm.
8. The method for producing a spring steel with high hardenability, high strength and low temperature toughness as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the rolling process is carried out at a start rolling temperature of 1060 to 1120 ℃, and the rolled steel is slowly cooled in a slow cooling pit.
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| CN117127122B (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-01-23 | 张家港荣盛特钢有限公司 | Fatigue-resistant spring steel wire, wire rod and production method of wire rod |
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