CN116770191B - Corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire, wire rod and production method thereof - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire, wire rod and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire, a wire rod and a production method thereof. In the wire rod, 0.2-0.7% of C, 0.8-1.6% of Si, 0.5-1.7% of Mn, 0.35-0.85% of Al, 0.1-0.5% of Nb, 0.5-1.0% of Cr, 0.1-0.4% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.02% of P, less than or equal to 0.02% of S, and the balance of Fe and impurities; the production method comprises the working procedures of molten iron pre-desulfurization, converter smelting, LF refining, RH refining, continuous casting, cogging, flaw detection grinding, high-speed wire rolling and controlled cooling; the smelting raw materials in the converter smelting are high-quality scrap steel, ferromolybdenum and desulfurized molten iron; in the continuous casting process, the liquid surface of the crystallizer is subjected to casting protection by adopting special casting powder for high Al steel; the heating temperature and the heating time are controlled in the high-line rolling process; and controlling the cooling procedure to control the starting quantity, the position, the roller way speed and the cooling speed of the fans according to different temperatures of the edges of the wire rods.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel production, and relates to a corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire, a wire rod for the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire and a production method of the wire rod for the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire.
Background
Springs are widely used as safety load bearing members in automotive, mechanical, railroad and other applications, which often bear high Zhou Jiaobian loads during service. With the progress of technology and the improvement of manufacturing level, new energy automobiles gradually rise, sales volume of the new energy automobiles gradually climb in the automobile industry, but the new energy automobiles are heavier, strict requirements are put on spring steel wires of suspension springs, high strength is needed to improve the load capacity of the automobiles, and the new energy automobiles are required to develop towards light weight so as to reduce energy consumption in the running process of the automobiles and improve the cruising ability.
However, the corrosion resistance of the existing spring steel is poor, when the spring steel is applied to a northern humid environment, because the northern snow is thicker in winter, a road is cleaned by adopting a salt-spraying snow-melting mode, a large amount of chloride ions exist in the road, corrosion pits are easily generated on the surface of the spring steel, stress concentration is formed, the fatigue strength of the spring steel is reduced, hydrogen enters in the corrosion process to cause hydrogen-induced delayed cracking, so that parts are suddenly cracked under the condition of being far smaller than an allowable period or load, the service life of the parts is seriously influenced, and huge hidden hazards are caused to the safe operation of automobiles and railways. Therefore, there is a need to develop a spring steel wire having high strength, light weight and excellent corrosion resistance at the same time, so as to meet the application requirements of the new energy automobile in the northern environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wire rod for a corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire and a production method thereof, and also relates to the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing a wire rod for a corrosion-resistant fatigue spring wire, the wire rod comprising the chemical components by mass percent: 0.2-0.7% of C, 0.8-1.6% of Si, 0.5-1.7% of Mn, 0.35-0.85% of Al, 0.1-0.5% of Nb, 0.5-1.0% of Cr, 0.1-0.4% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.02% of P, less than or equal to 0.02% of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the production method comprises the following steps of molten iron pre-desulfurization, converter smelting, LF refining, RH refining, continuous casting, cogging, flaw detection grinding, high-line rolling and controlled cooling which are sequentially carried out; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
in the converter smelting process, smelting raw materials consisting of high-quality scrap steel, ferromolybdenum and pre-desulphurized molten iron are fed into a converter for smelting, wherein the weight ratio of the pre-desulphurized molten iron to the high-quality scrap steel is 7:1-8:1, and the temperature of the molten iron is 1350-1450 ℃ when the molten iron is fed into the converter;
in the continuous casting process, the liquid surface of the crystallizer is subjected to protective casting by adopting high Al steel special casting powder, and the chemical components of the high Al steel special casting powder comprise the following components in percentage by mass: caO+Al 2 O 3 =50 to 60% and CaO/Al 2 O 3 =1.4~1.5，Na 2 O:15~20%，MgO:5~12%，K 2 O:3~6%，Li 2 O:2~5%，BaO:1~2%，SiO 2 :0.8~1.1%，CaF 2 :4~9%；
In the high-line rolling process, the intermediate billet is heated in a heating furnace and then subjected to high-pressure water descaling, and then high-line continuous rolling is performed to form a wire rod, wherein the heating process comprises a first heating section, a second heating section and a soaking section, the heating temperature of the first heating section is 780-820 ℃, and the heating time is less than or equal to 30min; the heating temperature of the heating second section is 900-950 ℃, and the heating time is less than or equal to 30min; the heating temperature of the soaking section is 1030-1070 ℃ and the heating time is less than or equal to 60min; the high-speed continuous rolling process comprises rough rolling, middle rolling, pre-finish rolling, finish rolling and wire spinning which are sequentially carried out, wherein the initial rolling temperature of the rough rolling is 890-910 ℃, the initial rolling temperature of the finish rolling is 860-890 ℃, the final rolling temperature of the finish rolling is less than or equal to 960 ℃, and the wire spinning temperature is 860-880 ℃;
in the cooling control procedure, a Steyr air cooling line is adopted to cool the wire rod in a control manner, when the temperature of the edge of the wire rod is 810-860 ℃, a No. 1-No. 5 fan on the Steyr cooling line is started, the air quantity of the fan is controlled to be 65-75%, the roller way speed is 0.50-0.65 m/s, and the cooling speed is 4.5-5.5 ℃/s; when the temperature of the edge of the wire rod is 690-810 ℃, starting a 6# fan to a 8# fan on a Steyr cooling line, controlling the air quantity of the fan to be 50-60%, and controlling the roller speed to be 0.2-0.3 m/s and the cooling speed to be 1.5-2 ℃/s.
As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the chemical components of the wire rod include, in mass percent: 0.2-0.7% of C, 0.8-1.6% of Si, 0.5-1.7% of Mn, 0.35-0.85% of Al, 0.1-0.5% of Nb, 0.5-1.0% of Cr, 0.1-0.4% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.02% of P, less than or equal to 0.02% of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities; wherein [ Si ]/[ Al ] = 1.5-3.5.
As a further improvement of an embodiment of the invention, in the molten iron pre-desulfurization procedure, the blast furnace molten iron is desulfurized in a KR desulfurization device until the S in the molten iron is less than or equal to 0.002 percent, the slagging-off rate of desulfurization is more than or equal to 97 percent, and the temperature of the desulfurized molten iron is more than or equal to 1350 ℃.
As a further improvement of an embodiment of the invention, in the converter smelting process, top-bottom combined blowing, constant pressure gun changing and double slag operation are adopted in converter smelting, C in molten steel at the end point of converter smelting is more than or equal to 0.15%, P is less than or equal to 0.01%, and tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1650 ℃; slag scraps are not contained in the steel ladle before tapping, the cold slag steel at the bottom of the steel ladle is less than 0.5 ton, and ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrochromium, lime and 1/3 of aluminum blocks are paved at the bottom of the steel ladle before tapping.
As a further improvement of an embodiment of the invention, in the converter smelting process, the ladle bottom argon blowing is started before the converter tapping, the pressure of the bottom argon blowing is controlled to be 0.5-0.6 MPa, the diameter of the bright ring is 250-400 mm, after tapping 3/4, the pressure of the ladle bottom argon blowing is adjusted to be 0.4-0.5 MPa, and the diameter of the bright ring is controlled to be 200-350 mm.
As a further improvement of an embodiment of the invention, in the LF refining process, the flow of argon blown from the bottom of the ladle is 40-80 NL/min during the waiting period; when the refining protecting slag and the alloy are added, the flow of argon blown into the ladle at the bottom is 200-600 NL/min; heating after adding alloy, wherein the flow rate of argon blown into the ladle during heating is 200-400 NL/min;
the refining casting powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 45-50% of CaO and Al 2 O 3 30-40% of CaO/Al 2 O 3 =1.7~1.8，MgO:4~8%，SiO 2 :4~7%。
As a further improvement of an embodiment of the invention, in the RH refining procedure, after molten steel is circulated, the rest 2/3 aluminum blocks are added for alloying, and after alloying is finished, vacuum treatment is started, the vacuum degree of the vacuum treatment is less than or equal to 67Pa, and the vacuum treatment time is more than or equal to 20min, so that O is less than or equal to 18ppm and H is less than or equal to 1.5ppm in the molten steel; and after the vacuum treatment is finished, argon is blown into the ladle bottom for soft stirring, and a silicon-calcium core wire is added for inclusion modification treatment, wherein the time of soft stirring is more than or equal to 20min, and the wire feeding speed of the silicon-calcium core wire is 120-150 m/min.
As a further improvement of an embodiment of the invention, in the continuous casting process, a large ladle of long water gap, a submerged nozzle, a middle cladding cover premelted hollow particle covering agent and carbonized rice hulls are adopted for continuous casting, and full-protection casting is carried out by adopting an argon seal, wherein the depth of the submerged nozzle is 200-300 mm, the back pressure of the argon seal is more than or equal to 0.05Bar, the carbonized rice hulls are covered on the outer layer of the premelted hollow particle covering agent, and the weight ratio of the premelted hollow particle covering agent to the carbonized rice hulls is 1:3.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a wire rod for a corrosion-resistant fatigue spring wire, which is prepared by the method for producing the wire rod for a corrosion-resistant fatigue spring wire as described above.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a corrosion-resistant fatigue spring wire, which is prepared by sequentially performing the pickling, drawing and heat treatment steps on the wire rod for the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring wire as described above as a base material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the chemical component design scheme, by adding a certain content of Al, the density of the wire rod and the spring steel wire can be reduced, the weight of the wire rod and the spring steel wire can be reduced, the corrosion resistance can be improved, the addition and content control of other elements, particularly Nb, can prevent austenite grains from coarsening in the heating process, play the roles of fine grain strengthening and improving the anti-elastic reduction performance, solve the problems of coarsening of grains, more inclusions and difficult improvement of strength caused by adding Al, further combine the control of Si, can improve the anti-elastic reduction performance and the corrosion resistance of the spring steel wire, and Cr is used as an important corrosion resistant element, can form a passivation film on the surface of the spring steel wire, effectively prevent oxidation, improve the corrosion resistance of a matrix, and further cooperate with Mo element to improve the anti-pitting corrosion resistance; mn is used as a solid solution strengthening element, so that the hardenability of the spring steel wire can be improved, the binding force between Mn and S, O is strong, not only can deoxidize, but also MnS compound can be formed, and the probability of forming FeS by combining S and Fe is reduced, so that the thermal embrittlement effect of S is reduced or eliminated. In general, through the design scheme of the chemical components, the toughness, corrosion resistance and elastic reduction resistance of the wire rods and the spring steel wires can be improved, so that the spring steel wires are light and suitable for severe cold and humid northern environments, and the steel wires have excellent corrosion fatigue resistance even in winter salt-spraying snow-melting road environments, are beneficial to prolonging the service lives of the spring steel wires and improving the use safety of the spring steel wires.
(2) On the basis of the design scheme of the chemical components, the invention combines the control of the production process flow, not only improves the cleanliness and the surface quality of the wire rod, refines the structure of the wire rod and ensures that the finally prepared wire rod has high strength and high corrosion fatigue resistance, wherein the wire rod is a two-phase structure of pearlite and ferrite, the volume fraction of the pearlite is more than or equal to 95 percent, the tensile strength is 1000-1200 MPa, the reduction of area is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the elongation after break is more than or equal to 14 percent, thereby not only effectively reducing the wire breakage rate when the wire rod is further drawn to prepare the spring steel wire, but also laying the foundation for further drawing to prepare the spring steel wire with high strength and high corrosion fatigue resistance, being beneficial to prolonging the service life of the spring steel wire and improving the use safety of the spring steel wire.
(3) The spring steel wire prepared by further drawing on the basis of the wire rod has high strength and excellent plasticity, the tensile strength is more than 2000MPa, the area reduction rate is more than or equal to 40%, the high requirements of a high-load automobile suspension system on the strength and toughness of the spring steel wire in service can be met, in addition, the bending fatigue life of the obtained spring steel wire exceeds 260000 cycles, the corrosion fatigue life in a salt spray experiment exceeds 18000 cycles, and the spring steel wire can be applied to a severe cold and humid northern environment, and has excellent corrosion fatigue resistance even in a road environment where salt and snow are spread in winter.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will be further described with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
The embodiment provides a production method of a wire rod for a corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire and the wire rod for the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire, which is prepared by adopting the production method.
Specifically, the chemical components of the wire rod for the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2-0.7% of C, 0.8-1.6% of Si, 0.5-1.7% of Mn, 0.35-0.85% of Al, 0.1-0.5% of Nb, 0.5-1.0% of Cr, 0.1-0.4% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.02% of P, less than or equal to 0.02% of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The invention further provides the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire, which is prepared by taking the wire rod for the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire as a base material and has the same chemical composition as the wire rod for the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire.
In the chemical composition design of the invention, by adding a certain content of Al, the density of the wire rod and the spring steel wire can be reduced, the weight of the wire rod and the spring steel wire can be reduced, the corrosion resistance can be improved, the addition and content control of other elements, especially Nb, can prevent austenite grains from coarsening in the heating process, play the roles of fine grain strengthening and improving the anti-elastic reduction performance, solve the problems of coarsening of grains, more inclusions and difficult improvement of strength caused by adding Al, further combine the control of Si, can improve the anti-elastic reduction performance and the corrosion resistance of the spring steel wire, and Cr is taken as an important corrosion resistance element, can form a passivation film on the surface of the spring steel wire, effectively prevent oxidation, improve the corrosion resistance of a matrix, and further cooperate with Mo element to improve the anti-pitting corrosion resistance; mn is used as a solid solution strengthening element, so that the hardenability of the spring steel wire can be improved, the binding force between Mn and S, O is strong, not only can deoxidize, but also MnS compound can be formed, and the probability of forming FeS by combining S and Fe is reduced, so that the thermal embrittlement effect of S is reduced or eliminated. In general, through the design scheme of the chemical components, the toughness, corrosion resistance and elastic reduction resistance of the wire rods and the spring steel wires can be improved, so that the spring steel wires are light and suitable for severe cold and humid northern environments, and the steel wires have excellent corrosion fatigue resistance even in winter salt-spraying snow-melting road environments, are beneficial to prolonging the service lives of the spring steel wires and improving the use safety of the spring steel wires.
Preferably, the chemical components of the wire rod for the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2-0.7% of C, 0.8-1.6% of Si, 0.5-1.7% of Mn, 0.35-0.85% of Al, 0.1-0.5% of Nb, 0.5-1.0% of Cr, 0.1-0.4% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.01% of P, less than or equal to 0.02% of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities; wherein [ Si ]/[ Al ] = 1.5-3.5.
Wherein [ Si ] represents a mass percentage of Si and [ Al ] represents a mass percentage of Al.
By limiting [ Si ]/[ Al ], the finally prepared spring steel wire has both corrosion resistance and elastic reduction resistance, and has excellent relaxation resistance and excellent elastic deformation recovery capacity.
The following describes each procedure in the production method of the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring wire rod in detail.
(1) Molten iron pre-desulfurization process
Desulfurizing the blast furnace molten iron in a KR desulfurizing device until the S in the molten iron is less than or equal to 0.002%, wherein the slag removal rate of the desulfurization is more than or equal to 97%, and the temperature of the desulfurized molten iron is more than or equal to 1350 ℃.
(2) Converter smelting process
And (3) feeding smelting raw materials consisting of high-quality scrap steel, ferromolybdenum and pre-desulfurized molten iron into a converter for smelting, wherein the weight ratio of the pre-desulfurized molten iron to the high-quality scrap steel is 7:1-8:1, and the temperature of the molten iron is 1350-1450 ℃ when the molten iron is fed into the converter. By adding ferromolybdenum before the converter smelting starts, excessive temperature drop of molten steel caused by adding excessive alloy in the middle stage of converter smelting can be avoided, so that the purity of molten steel and the effect of removing impurities are not influenced.
The high-quality scrap steel refers to waste steel with S less than or equal to 0.012 percent and P less than or equal to 0.015 percent, the content of residual elements in molten steel can be effectively controlled by adopting the high-quality scrap steel, the sulfur recovery amount in the molten steel is reduced, the slag-metal reaction in a refining process is effectively reduced, the generation of large-size inclusions in the molten steel is reduced, and the cleanliness of the molten steel is improved.
Preferably, the converter smelting adopts top-bottom combined blowing, constant pressure gun changing and double slag operation, wherein C in molten steel at the end point of the converter smelting is more than or equal to 0.15%, P is less than or equal to 0.01%, and the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1650 ℃. The double slag operation is divided into two slag pouring operations.
Preferably, no scum and scraps are ensured in the ladle before tapping, and the cold slag steel at the ladle bottom is less than 0.5 ton so as to ensure smooth bottom blowing. Ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrochromium, lime and 1/3 aluminum block are paved at the bottom of the ladle before tapping, so that deoxidization alloying is facilitated in the tapping process of the converter. Only 1/3 of the total aluminum blocks were laid, and the remaining 2/3 of the aluminum blocks were added in the RH refining step.
Preferably, before tapping, opening ladle bottom argon blowing, controlling the pressure of the bottom argon blowing to be 0.5-0.6 MPa so as to turn over the liquid level of molten steel, adjusting the pressure of the ladle bottom argon blowing to be 0.4-0.5 MPa after tapping 3/4, and controlling the diameter of a bright ring to be 200-350 mm.
(3) LF refining procedure
Molten steel smelted by the converter is sent into an LF furnace for smelting, a ladle is communicated after the ladle arrives at a station, bottom blowing argon is started, refined casting powder is added into the ladle, then alloy is added for chemical component adjustment and inclusion regulation, and the alloy is electrified and heated to enable the temperature of the molten steel with reduced temperature after the alloy is added to rise, and the molten steel is continuously measured, sampled, detected, diffusion deoxidized and heated until the molten steel components, slag components and the molten steel temperature reach the standard, and then tapping is carried out. Wherein the alloy comprises manganese metal, ferrosilicon and ferrochromium.
Preferably, during the smelting, the flow of argon blown into the ladle at the bottom is 40-80 NL/min so as to enable the slag surface to fluctuate; when the refining protecting slag and the alloy are added, the flow of argon blown into the ladle at the bottom is 200-600 NL/min; in addition, after the alloy is added, heating is carried out, and the flow rate of argon blown into the ladle during heating is 200-400 NL/min. Specifically, the bottom argon blowing of the smelting process can be performed according to an automatic argon blowing model.
Preferably, aluminum particles and calcium carbide are adopted for slag surface deoxidation so as to reduce the oxygen content in molten steel, lime is added to timely regulate slag until the slag turns white, and the time of the white slag is controlled to be more than or equal to 15min.
Wherein, the chemical components of the refining casting powder comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45-50% of CaO and Al 2 O 3 30-40% of CaO/Al 2 O 3 =1.7~1.8，MgO:4~8%，SiO 2 4-7%, the refined casting powder has good fluidity and the capability of adsorbing nonmetallic inclusion, the variety and the content of the inclusion can be effectively controlled, the purity of molten steel is improved, and the fatigue resistance of the finally prepared wire rod and spring steel wire is improved.
(4) RH refining step
The molten steel is sent into an RH vacuum furnace for vacuum refining so as to further remove impurities in the molten steel, specifically, after the molten steel is circulated, the rest 2/3 aluminum blocks are added for alloying, and after the alloying is finished, the vacuum treatment is started, the vacuum degree of the vacuum treatment is less than or equal to 67Pa, and the vacuum treatment time is more than or equal to 20min, so that the oxygen content in the molten steel is further reduced, and the O content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 18ppm and the H content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 1.5ppm. And after the vacuum treatment is finished, argon is blown into the ladle bottom for soft stirring, a silicon-calcium core wire is added for inclusion modification treatment, the soft stirring time is more than or equal to 20min, and the wire feeding speed of the silicon-calcium core wire is 120-150 m/min so as to promote the floating of nonmetallic inclusions and improve the purity of molten steel.
Wherein the chemical components of the silicon-calcium core wire comprise the following components in percentage by mass: siO (SiO) 2 :48~55%，CaO:40~50%，Al 2 O 3 3-5% of MgO and 1-2%. The tapping temperature is 1575-1585 ℃.
(5) Continuous casting process
Casting molten steel obtained in the RH refining process into a continuous casting blank by adopting a continuous casting machine, and protecting and casting the liquid surface of a crystallizer by adopting high-Al steel special casting powder, wherein the chemical components of the high-Al steel special casting powderComprises the following components in percentage by mass: caO+Al 2 O 3 =50 to 60% and CaO/Al 2 O 3 =1.4~1.5，Na 2 O:15~20%，MgO:5~12%，K 2 O:3~6%，Li 2 O:2~5%，BaO:1~2%，SiO 2 :0.8~1.1%，CaF 2 :4~9%。
Preferably, continuous casting adopts a large ladle long nozzle, a submerged nozzle, a middle cladding cover premelted hollow particle covering agent and carbonized rice hulls, and adopts argon sealing for full-protection casting, the depth of the submerged nozzle is 200-300 mm, the back pressure of the argon sealing is more than or equal to 0.05Bar, specifically, the granular premelted hollow particle covering agent is covered on a tundish, and then the carbonized rice hulls are covered on the outer layer of the premelted hollow particle covering agent, and the weight ratio of the premelted hollow particle covering agent to the carbonized rice hulls is 1:3.
Preferably, the chemical components of the premelted hollow particle covering agent comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 30-35% of CaO, al 2 O 3 :10~15%，SiO 2 :40~45%，Fe 2 O 3 :2~4%，MgO:1~10%。
Preferably, the superheat degree of the tundish is controlled to be 38-45 ℃, the nitrogen increment in the continuous casting process is less than or equal to 0.0002%, the liquid level fluctuation of a crystallizer is less than 2mm, the surface temperature of a continuous casting billet in a straightening section is more than or equal to 920 ℃, the continuous casting billet is sent into a heat preservation pit to be slowly cooled to below 200 ℃ and then discharged from the pit after continuous casting, and the slow cooling time is more than or equal to 36 hours.
Preferably, the cross-sectional dimensions of the continuous casting slab are 300mm x 390mm.
(6) Cogging process
And (3) heating the continuous casting blank in a cogging furnace, then rolling and cogging the continuous casting blank into an intermediate blank with the cross section of 150mm multiplied by 150mm, wherein the heating temperature is 1160-1190 ℃, the furnace time is 170-190 min, and the cogging and rolling starting temperature is 1040-1070 ℃. After cogging, the surface quality of the intermediate billet is ensured and inspected by adopting a full billet grinding and fluorescence detection mode, so that the surface quality problem of the billet is avoided.
(7) Flaw detection and grinding process
And (3) performing full blank grinding on the surface of the intermediate blank obtained in the cogging process, detecting the surface quality of the intermediate blank by adopting fluorescence, and grinding according to the detection result until the surface of the intermediate blank has no surface defects and decarburized layers, so that the control of the surface quality in the subsequent rolling process is facilitated.
(8) High-speed wire rolling process
And heating the intermediate billet in a heating furnace, performing high-pressure water descaling, and performing high-line continuous rolling to roll the intermediate billet into a wire rod with the diameter of 5-17 mm.
The heating process comprises a first heating section, a second heating section and a soaking section, wherein the heating temperature of the first heating section is 780-820 ℃, and the heating time is less than or equal to 30min; the heating temperature of the heating second section is 900-950 ℃, and the heating time is less than or equal to 30min; the heating temperature of the soaking section is 1030-1070 ℃ and the heating time is less than or equal to 60min. By controlling the heating temperature and the heating time in a sectional way, the formation of scale which is not easy to fall off is avoided on the surface of the wire rod, so that the descaling difficulty is reduced, the descaling efficiency is improved, the descaling effect is improved, and the fatigue life of the finally prepared spring steel wire is not influenced.
The high-speed continuous rolling process comprises rough rolling, intermediate rolling, pre-finish rolling, finish rolling and wire spinning which are sequentially carried out, wherein the initial rolling temperature of rough rolling is 890-910 ℃, the initial rolling temperature of finish rolling is 860-890 ℃, the final rolling temperature of finish rolling is less than or equal to 960 ℃, and the wire spinning temperature is 860-880 ℃.
Preferably, the air-fuel ratio of the heating furnace is less than or equal to 0.55, and the descaling water pressure is more than or equal to 15MPa.
(9) Controlling the cooling process
Adopting a Steyr air cooling line to control and cool the wire rod, when the temperature of the edge of the wire rod is 810-860 ℃, starting a No. 1-No. 5 fan on the Steyr cooling line, controlling the air quantity of the fan to be 65-75%, and controlling the roller way speed to be 0.50-0.65 m/s and the cooling speed to be 4.5-5.5 ℃/s; when the temperature of the edge of the wire rod is 690-810 ℃, starting a 6# fan to a 8# fan on a Steyr cooling line, controlling the air quantity of the fan to be 50-60%, and controlling the roller speed to be 0.2-0.3 m/s and the cooling speed to be 1.5-2 ℃/s. That is, the control cooling procedure controls the opening quantity, the position, the roller way speed and the cooling speed of the fans according to the temperature of the edge of the wire rod.
In conclusion, on the basis of the design of the chemical components, the control of the production process flow is combined, so that the cleanliness and the surface quality of the wire rod are improved, the structure of the wire rod is refined, the finally prepared wire rod has high strength and high corrosion fatigue resistance, wherein the wire rod is of a two-phase structure of pearlite and ferrite, the volume fraction of the pearlite is more than or equal to 95%, the tensile strength is 1000-1200 MPa, the reduction of area is more than or equal to 45%, the elongation after breaking is more than or equal to 14%, the wire breakage rate of the wire rod during further drawing preparation of the spring wire is effectively reduced, the foundation is laid for further drawing preparation of the spring wire with high strength and high corrosion fatigue resistance, the service life of the spring wire is prolonged, and the use safety of the spring wire is improved.
Specifically, the wire rod is further drawn through the acid washing, drawing and heat treatment procedures which are sequentially carried out to prepare the spring steel wire.
(10) Acid washing process
Pickling the wire rod for 15-25 min at 20-30 ℃ by adopting a 20% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, cleaning the wire rod by using clean water, and then placing the wire rod into a phosphating solution for phosphating, wherein the mass of a film layer per unit area of the phosphating film is 10g/m 2 And (3) washing the wire rod after phosphating treatment, saponifying the wire rod by using soapy water, and naturally air-drying the wire rod.
(11) Drawing process
And cold drawing the pickled wire rod into a spring steel wire with the diameter of 3.5-15 mm by adopting dies with different diameters, wherein the pass reduction rate during drawing is more than 10%.
(12) Heat treatment process
And quenching and tempering the spring steel wire obtained in the drawing process on a production line provided with on-line induction heating, wherein the quenching temperature is Ar < 3+ >20 ℃ -Ar < 3+ > 50 ℃, ar < 3 > is the austenitizing temperature of the wire rod, and in the embodiment, the quenching temperature is 915-945 ℃, and the tempering temperature is 390-400 ℃.
On the basis of the wire rod, the spring steel wire can form fine grains through a heat treatment procedure, so that the wire rod has high strength and excellent plasticity, the tensile strength is more than 2000MPa, the area reduction rate is more than or equal to 40%, the high requirements of a large-load automobile suspension system on the strength and toughness of the served spring steel wire can be met, in addition, the bending fatigue life of the obtained spring steel wire exceeds 260000 cycles, the corrosion fatigue life in a salt spray experiment exceeds 18000 cycles, and the wire rod can be applied to a severe cold and humid northern environment, and has excellent corrosion fatigue resistance even in a road environment where salt and snow are spread in winter.
The following describes the embodiments of the invention further by way of 13 examples. Of course, these 13 examples are only some, but not all of the many variations encompassed by this embodiment. Other examples based on the foregoing embodiment do not depart from the gist of the present invention.
Specifically, 13 examples provide a wire rod for corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire and a spring steel wire, the chemical composition of which is shown in table 1, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
TABLE 1
The production method of the wire rod of each embodiment adopts the procedures of molten iron pre-desulfurization, converter smelting, LF refining, RH refining, continuous casting, cogging, flaw detection grinding, high-speed wire rolling and controlled cooling which are sequentially carried out, and the specific operation of each procedure is described in the foregoing and is not repeated.
The wire rods of examples 1 to 13 were sampled according to the same test method and subjected to tissue detection and mechanical property detection, and the specific test method and test results are as follows:
(1) In terms of structure, 10 samples are taken from the head part, the middle part and the tail part of the wire rod respectively, 30 samples are taken in total to prepare metallographic samples, after mechanical grinding and polishing and nitroalcohol corrosion, the metallographic samples are put into a metallographic microscope to carry out structure observation, the pearlite lamellar spacing of the single sample is measured by amplifying 10000 times, the average value of the pearlite lamellar spacing of the 30 samples is calculated as the pearlite lamellar spacing of the wire rod of each example, and the structures of the wire rods of examples 1-13 are both pearlite and ferrite two-phase structures, wherein the percentage of pearlite and the lamellar spacing of pearlite are respectively shown in table 2;
(2) In terms of mechanical properties, the tensile strength, the reduction of area and the elongation after break of the wire rods of examples 1 to 13 are respectively shown in Table 2 by performing mechanical property test on the wire rods by using a tensile testing machine with reference to the standard test method and definition of the mechanical property test of ASTM A370 steel products.
TABLE 2
The wire rods of examples 1 to 13 were further drawn to prepare spring steel wires by further carrying out the acid washing, drawing, and heat treatment steps in the order described above, and the specific operations of each step are as described above and will not be repeated.
The mechanical property detection, fatigue life and corrosion-resistant fatigue life test are respectively carried out on the obtained spring steel wire, and the specific test method and the detection result are as follows:
(1) In terms of mechanical properties, referring to the standard test method and definition of the mechanical property test of ASTM A370 steel products, the mechanical property test is carried out on the spring steel wires by adopting a tensile testing machine, and the tensile strength and the area shrinkage of the spring steel wires in examples 1-13 are respectively shown in Table 3;
(2) In terms of fatigue life and corrosion fatigue life, the fatigue life of the spring steel wires of examples 1 to 13 was measured by a rotational bending fatigue test on a spring steel wire sample having a diameter of 4mm with reference to KS B ISO 1143, as shown in table 3; the corrosion fatigue life of the spring steel wires of examples 1 to 13 under a salt spray environment was measured by a salt spray test with reference to KS D9502 ISO 3768/7263 and is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
In summary, the wire rods of examples 1 to 13 produced according to the present embodiment are two-phase structures of pearlite and ferrite, and the volume fraction of pearlite is not less than 95%, the tensile strength is 1000 to 1200mpa, the reduction of area is not less than 45%, and the elongation after breaking is not less than 14%; the spring steel wires of examples 1-13 produced according to the embodiment have tensile strength of >2000MPa, a reduction of area of not less than 40%, excellent toughness, and can meet the high requirements of a high-load automobile suspension system on the strength and toughness of the spring steel wires in service, and in addition, the bending fatigue life of the obtained spring steel wires exceeds 260000 cycles, and the corrosion fatigue life in a salt spray experiment exceeds 18000 cycles, so that the spring steel wires can be applied to severe cold and humid northern environments, and have excellent corrosion fatigue resistance even in a road environment where salt and snow are spread in winter.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, shall cover the scope of the present invention according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the equivalents and modifications of the inventive concept thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A production method of a wire rod for a corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire is characterized in that,
the wire rod comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.2-0.7% of C, 0.8-1.6% of Si, 0.5-1.7% of Mn, 0.35-0.85% of Al, 0.1-0.5% of Nb, 0.5-1.0% of Cr, 0.1-0.4% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.02% of P, less than or equal to 0.02% of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the production method comprises the following steps of molten iron pre-desulfurization, converter smelting, LF refining, RH refining, continuous casting, cogging, flaw detection grinding, high-line rolling and controlled cooling which are sequentially carried out; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
in the converter smelting process, smelting raw materials consisting of high-quality scrap steel, ferromolybdenum and pre-desulphurized molten iron are fed into a converter for smelting, wherein the weight ratio of the pre-desulphurized molten iron to the high-quality scrap steel is 7:1-8:1, and the temperature of the molten iron is 1350-1450 ℃ when the molten iron is fed into the converter;
in the continuous casting process, the liquid surface of the crystallizer is subjected to protective casting by adopting high Al steel special casting powder, and the chemical components of the high Al steel special casting powder comprise the following components in percentage by mass: caO+Al 2 O 3 =50-60%, and CaO/Al 2 O 3 =1.4~1.5，Na 2 O:15~20%，MgO:5~12%，K 2 O:3~6%，Li 2 O:2~5%，BaO:1~2%，SiO 2 :0.8~1.1%，CaF 2 :4~9%；
In the high-line rolling process, the intermediate billet is heated in a heating furnace and then subjected to high-pressure water descaling, and then high-line continuous rolling is performed to form a wire rod, wherein the heating process comprises a first heating section, a second heating section and a soaking section, the heating temperature of the first heating section is 780-820 ℃, and the heating time is less than or equal to 30min; the heating temperature of the heating second section is 900-950 ℃, and the heating time is less than or equal to 30min; the heating temperature of the soaking section is 1030-1070 ℃ and the heating time is less than or equal to 60min; the high-speed continuous rolling process comprises rough rolling, middle rolling, pre-finish rolling, finish rolling and wire spinning which are sequentially carried out, wherein the initial rolling temperature of the rough rolling is 890-910 ℃, the initial rolling temperature of the finish rolling is 860-890 ℃, the final rolling temperature of the finish rolling is less than or equal to 960 ℃, and the wire spinning temperature is 860-880 ℃;
in the cooling control procedure, a Steyr air cooling line is adopted to cool the wire rod in a control manner, when the temperature of the edge of the wire rod is 810-860 ℃, a No. 1-No. 5 fan on the Steyr cooling line is started, the air quantity of the fan is controlled to be 65-75%, the roller way speed is 0.50-0.65 m/s, and the cooling speed is 4.5-5.5 ℃/s; when the temperature of the edge of the wire rod is 690-810 ℃, starting a 6# fan to a 8# fan on a Steyr cooling line, controlling the air quantity of the fan to be 50-60%, and controlling the roller speed to be 0.2-0.3 m/s and the cooling speed to be 1.5-2 ℃/s.
2. The method for producing a wire rod for corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire according to claim 1, wherein the chemical composition of the wire rod comprises, in mass percent: 0.2-0.7% of C, 0.8-1.6% of Si, 0.5-1.7% of Mn, 0.35-0.85% of Al, 0.1-0.5% of Nb, 0.5-1.0% of Cr, 0.1-0.4% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.02% of P, less than or equal to 0.02% of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities; wherein [ Si ]/[ Al ] = 1.5-3.5.
3. The method for producing wire rods for corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wires according to claim 1, wherein in the molten iron pre-desulfurization process, the molten iron of the blast furnace is desulfurized in a KR desulfurization device until S in the molten iron is less than or equal to 0.002%, the slag removal rate of the desulfurization is more than or equal to 97%, and the temperature of the molten iron after the desulfurization is more than or equal to 1350 ℃.
4. The method for producing the wire rod for the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire, according to claim 1, wherein in the converter smelting process, top-bottom combined blowing, constant-pressure gun changing and double-slag operation are adopted in converter smelting, C is more than or equal to 0.15%, P is less than or equal to 0.01% and tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1650 ℃ in molten steel at the end point of converter smelting; slag scraps are not contained in the steel ladle before tapping, the cold slag steel at the bottom of the steel ladle is less than 0.5 ton, and ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrochromium, lime and 1/3 of aluminum blocks are paved at the bottom of the steel ladle before tapping.
5. The method for producing the wire rod for the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire according to claim 1, wherein in the converter smelting process, the ladle bottom blowing argon is started before the converter tapping, the pressure of the bottom blowing argon is controlled to be 0.5-0.6 MPa, the diameter of the bright ring is 250-400 mm, after tapping 3/4, the pressure of the ladle bottom blowing argon is adjusted to be 0.4-0.5 MPa, and the diameter of the bright ring is controlled to be 200-350 mm.
6. The production method of the wire rod for the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire, according to claim 1, characterized in that in the LF refining procedure, the flow rate of argon bottom blowing into a steel ladle is 40-80 NL/min during the waiting period; when the refining protecting slag and the alloy are added, the flow of argon blown into the ladle at the bottom is 200-600 NL/min; heating after adding alloy, wherein the flow rate of argon blown into the ladle during heating is 200-400 NL/min;
the refining casting powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 45-50% of CaO and Al 2 O 3 30-40% of CaO/Al 2 O 3 =1.7~1.8，MgO:4~8%，SiO 2 :4~7%。
7. The method for producing wire rods for corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wires according to claim 4, wherein in the RH refining process, the rest 2/3 aluminum blocks are added for alloying after molten steel is circulated, and vacuum treatment is started after the alloying is completed, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum treatment is less than or equal to 67Pa, and the vacuum treatment time is more than or equal to 20min, so that O is less than or equal to 18ppm and H is less than or equal to 1.5ppm in the molten steel; and after the vacuum treatment is finished, argon is blown into the ladle bottom for soft stirring, and a silicon-calcium core wire is added for inclusion modification treatment, wherein the time of soft stirring is more than or equal to 20min, and the wire feeding speed of the silicon-calcium core wire is 120-150 m/min.
8. The method for producing the wire rod for the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire according to claim 1, wherein in the continuous casting process, a large ladle of long water gap, a submerged nozzle, a middle cladding cover premelted hollow particle covering agent and carbonized rice hulls are adopted for continuous casting, full protection casting is carried out by adopting argon sealing, the depth of the submerged nozzle is 200-300 mm, the back pressure of the argon sealing is more than or equal to 0.05Bar, the carbonized rice hulls are covered on the outer layer of the premelted hollow particle covering agent, and the weight ratio of the premelted hollow particle covering agent to the carbonized rice hulls is 1:3.
9. The wire rod for corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wires, which is characterized by being prepared by adopting the production method of the wire rod for corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wires according to any one of claims 1-8.
10. The corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire is characterized by being prepared by sequentially carrying out the procedures of pickling, drawing and heat treatment on the wire rod for the corrosion-resistant fatigue spring steel wire as a base material according to claim 9.
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| CN101792884A (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2010-08-04 | 首钢总公司 | Steel with underrelaxation and hydrogen corrosion resistance for high-speed railway prestressed pull rod and production method thereof |
| CN103667925A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-26 | 天津钢铁集团有限公司 | Production technology of wire rod for solid surfacing welding wires |
| CN105886937A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-08-24 | 安阳钢铁股份有限公司 | Low-cost and ultrahigh-strength steel wire rod for round-link chain and manufacturing method of low-cost and ultrahigh-strength steel wire rod |
| CN109023059A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-18 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | The production technology of automotive suspension spring steel 60Si2Mn gren rod |
| CN109082592A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-25 | 河钢股份有限公司 | A kind of well corrosion-resistant spring steel gren rod of comprehensive performance and its production technology |
| CN109487162A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-19 | 邢台钢铁有限责任公司 | A kind of overweight loading die springs spring steel gren rod and its production method |
| CN110004376A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-07-12 | 江阴兴澄合金材料有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing method of middle carbon CrMo steel wire rod that exempting from annealing drawing |
| CN110358965A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-10-22 | 江阴兴澄合金材料有限公司 | 100 grades a kind of or more high-test chain wire rod and its manufacturing method |
| CN111118398A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-08 | 石家庄钢铁有限责任公司 | High-hardenability high-strength low-temperature-toughness spring steel and production method thereof |
| CN111334725A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-06-26 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | Low-carbon ultrahigh-strength alloy chain steel wire rod and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111363975A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-07-03 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | Controlled rolling and controlled cooling method for medium-carbon CrMo steel wire rod capable of being directly drawn and processed in hot rolling state |
| CN112792122A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-05-14 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Production method of direct cold-drawing spring steel wire with low cost and excellent comprehensive performance |
| CN114134411A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-03-04 | 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 | Spheroidized annealed steel for low-temperature-resistant high-strength ball screw and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114959448A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-08-30 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | Efficient production method of 1900 MPa-grade steel for suspension spring |
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