CN112970674A - Muscovy duck breeding method without leg disease - Google Patents
Muscovy duck breeding method without leg disease Download PDFInfo
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- CN112970674A CN112970674A CN202110465826.5A CN202110465826A CN112970674A CN 112970674 A CN112970674 A CN 112970674A CN 202110465826 A CN202110465826 A CN 202110465826A CN 112970674 A CN112970674 A CN 112970674A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Abstract
The invention discloses a muscovy duck breeding method without leg diseases, which comprises the following steps: s1, after the young muscovy ducks and the female muscovy ducks are tested and selected and retained by the conventional strain standard, the shank circumference is measured at the age of 49-77 days, the selected and retained shank circumference mean deviation is more than 0 for individual seed reservation, the selecting and retaining rate of the male muscovy ducks is 1.51-1.94%, and the selecting and retaining rate of the female muscovy ducks is 26.84-30.22%; s2, mixing the materials in a ratio of 1: 15-20 establishing families and breeding the next generation; s3, obtaining the muscovy duck without the leg disease after at least 3 generations of breeding. The invention measures and screens the neck circumference size of male and female muscovy ducks, has accurate measuring result, does not relax the breeding of other characters when carrying out the neck circumference breeding of muscovy duck individuals, improves the comprehensive performance of products and has more market competitiveness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of animal breeding, and particularly relates to a muscovy duck breeding method without a leg disease.
Background
Muscovy ducks are also called Tuotou ducks, foreign ducks and Muscovy ducks, and are of the same species and different genera as common domestic ducks. The Muscovy duck has less subcutaneous fat, high lean meat percentage and unique flavor. The production and consumption of Muscovy ducks in China are mainly in Guangdong Fujian province. At present, the Muscovy ducks are relatively laggard in production mode, the comprehensive performance of the variety is not high, the research on the production technology of the Muscovy ducks is less, and particularly the disease prevention and control technology is relatively laggard. At present, under the influence of leg diseases, the average market rate of muscovy duck generation is only about 80%. The muscovy duck leg disease has certain universality in specialized strains and generations, and is mainly manifested as soft feet and limping, namely, two legs are powerless and unstable to walk, the muscovy duck cannot lie on one side in serious cases, and the two legs are crossed into a Chinese character 'ba', thereby seriously affecting the reproductive performance of breeding ducks and the comprehensive performance of generations, causing the death rate of generations to rise, and greatly affecting the economic benefits of duck breeding farms and farmers. In the process of specialized strain breeding, the occurrence of commercial leg disease can not be completely eradicated according to the elimination of diseased individuals, so a set of breeding method for indirectly breeding the muscovy duck leg disease is necessary to be established and applied in practice.
A few breeding companies have bred Muscovy ducks in China, and key economic characters such as growth performance, feed reward, egg laying performance and the like are bred, but the breeding improvement on the leg and foot firmness, the bone development and the like, particularly the leg firmness, is not carried out at the same time. The excessive growth of the body weight exceeds the bearing capacity of the legs of the Muscovy ducks, and can be one of the causes of the Muscovy duck leg diseases. The domestic research on poultry leg diseases is mostly explained from the aspects of clinical symptoms, pathogenesis, comprehensive prevention and control and the like, but is rarely related to the analysis of indirect breeding.
In the prior art, the method for eliminating the leg disease individuals by observing the meat muscovy ducks is original and simple, and asymptomatic individuals cannot be eliminated, so the effect is not obvious. After breeding for many generations, many individuals with leg diseases still exist in the commercial generation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a muscovy duck breeding method without leg diseases.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a muscovy duck breeding method without leg diseases, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, after the young muscovy ducks and the female muscovy ducks are tested and selected and retained by the conventional strain standard, the shank circumference is measured at the age of 49-77 days, the selected and retained shank circumference mean deviation is more than 0 for individual seed reservation, the selecting and retaining rate of the male muscovy ducks is 1.51-1.94%, and the selecting and retaining rate of the female muscovy ducks is 26.84-30.22%;
s2, mixing the materials in a ratio of 1: 15-20 establishing families and breeding the next generation;
s3, obtaining the muscovy duck without the leg disease after at least 3 generations of breeding.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the step S1 of selecting and retaining the male ducklings and the female muscovy ducks by the conventional strain standard detection specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, feeding seedlings, and eliminating abnormal and weak defective chicks at the age of 1 day;
s12, primary selection, and elimination of the weak and thin individuals at the age of 20-32 days;
s13, checking, and eliminating individuals with small weight, slow feather development and defective legs and feet at the age of 34-36 days.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, before the family is established in the step S2, semen detection is carried out on male muscovy ducks at the age of 180 days, and individuals without semen, with little semen and poor semen quality are eliminated.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, after the check in step S13 is completed, the numbers are sequentially assigned to the wings of the young male duck and the female muscovy duck, and the weights and the circumference of the young male duck and the female muscovy duck are recorded at this time.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in step S2, individuals with heavy weight, fast feather development, plumpness, solid legs and feet, sarcoma with bright red color and difference of circumference of shin greater than 0 are selected from the established families.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the family is established while avoiding the mating of siblings.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, after at least 3 generations of breeding, the body weight and circumference of the neck of each generation of muscovy duck are recorded, and the body weight, circumference of the neck and thickness of the crown base of each generation of muscovy duck are recorded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention measures and screens the neck circumference size of male and female muscovy ducks, has accurate measuring result, does not relax the breeding of other characters when carrying out the neck circumference breeding of muscovy duck individuals, improves the comprehensive performance of products and has more market competitiveness. The invention measures the weight and the shin circumference, eliminates the inconsistent weight and eliminates the inconsistent shin circumference, and carries out an independent elimination method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the working process of the Muscovy duck breeding method without leg diseases.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Example 1 (white feather Muscovy Duck N101 line)
In this example, Muscovy duck N101 strain from Wenshi waterfowl breeding company was selected.
1. Seedling feeding: and (5) after 1 day of age, eliminating abnormal and weak defective chicks, and feeding male seedlings with 3976 and female seedlings with 3972.
2. Primary selection: after 21 days of age, the weak and lean individuals are eliminated, 3600 male Muscovy ducks are reserved, and 3600 female Muscovy ducks are reserved.
3. Checking: after the adult duck is aged for 34 days, individuals with small weight, slow feather development and defective legs and feet are eliminated, 2584 male muscovy ducks are reserved, and 2100 female muscovy ducks are reserved.
4. And (3) determination: determining the body weight and the neck circumference of a female muscovy duck with the age of 49 days old and the age of 56 days old, selecting and reserving the body weight, the neck circumference mean deviation of more than 0 individual, reserving 70 male muscovy ducks for seed, and reserving 1200 female muscovy ducks for seed.
5. Semen detection: and (4) carrying out semen detection on male Muscovy ducks at the age of 180 days, eliminating individuals without semen, with little semen and poor semen quality, and reserving 60 seeds.
6. Establishing a pedigree: selecting 60 male muscovy ducks and 1200 female muscovy ducks with the best comprehensive performance (the body weight, the feather development speed, the blush and the shin circumference deviation are more than 0) at the age of 200 days according to the male-female ratio of 1: and 20, establishing a new family on the basis of avoiding the sibling mating.
7. Pedigree hatching: and collecting eggs according to pedigree, hatching, and hatching 6739 young eggs, wherein 3370 male seedlings and 3369 female seedlings.
8. And (4) repeating the breeding of the steps 1-7.
Through the breeding of 3 generations, the N101 strain, male muscovy duck 2000 and female muscovy duck 2000 are obtained, wherein the body and the appearance of the N101 strain accord with the variety characteristics, and the muscovy duck has the leg disease proportion of 0%. These Muscovy ducks are heavy, feather develops fast and flush. The weight of a 77-day old male muscovy duck is 5453 +/-281 g, the circumference of the shin is 6.61 +/-0.21 cm, the proportion of the leg diseases is 0%, the weight of a 70-day old female muscovy duck is 3413 +/-222 g, the circumference of the shin is 5.68 +/-0.21 cm, and the proportion of the leg diseases is 0%.
Table 1 lists the results of the white muscovy duck N101 strain bred through 3 generations of tibiomycetes by using the method.
TABLE 1 measurement results of shank and leg disease ratio in each generation of Muscovy Duck N101 strain (unit: cm,%)
Note: the male Muscovy duck is 77 days old, the female Muscovy duck is 70 days old, and 100 are measured.
The data in table 1 show that, after the invention is adopted, the tibioid size of the white muscovy duck N101 line is improved remarkably, the average of the muscovy ducks is 5.95 cm in the first generation, the average of the muscovy ducks is increased to 6.61 cm in the 4 th generation, and the average of the increase of each generation is 0.22 cm. The female muscovy duck increased from an average of 4.88 cm in the first generation to an average of 5.68 cm in the 4 th generation, and an average of 0.27 cm per generation. Indirectly, the leg disease condition is improved remarkably, the leg disease proportion of the male muscovy duck is reduced from 20% of the 1 st generation to 0% of the 4 th generation, and the average leg disease is reduced by 6.67% in each generation. The leg disease rate of the female muscovy duck is reduced from 17% of the first generation to 0% of the 4 th generation, and the average reduction of each generation is 5.67%.
Example 2 (white feather Muscovy Duck N103 line)
In this example, Muscovy duck N103 strain from Wenshi waterfowl breeding company was selected.
1. Seedling feeding: and (4) selecting 1 day old individuals, discarding weak and defective individuals, and selecting 3538 male seedlings and 3577 female seedlings.
2. Primary selection: at the age of 21 days, the individuals with small weight and defective legs and feet are eliminated, 3230 male muscovy ducks are reserved, and 3254 female muscovy ducks are reserved.
3. Checking: and at the age of 56 days, individuals with small weight, defective legs and feet, slow growing hair and reversed wings are eliminated, 1025 female muscovy ducks are reserved, and 1900 female muscovy ducks are reserved.
4. And (3) determination: the male muscovy duck is 77 days old, the female muscovy duck is 70 days old, the weight and the shank circumference are measured, the weight of a selected and retained body is great, the shank circumference deviation is more than 0 individual seed retaining, 70 male muscovy ducks are reserved, and 1100 female muscovy ducks are reserved.
5. Semen detection: and (4) carrying out semen detection on male Muscovy ducks aged 180 days, and eliminating individuals without semen, less semen and poor semen quality, wherein 65 male Muscovy ducks are reserved.
6. Establishing a pedigree: selecting 60 male Muscovy ducks with the best comprehensive performance (the body weight, the feather growth speed and the shank circumference mean deviation are more than 0) and 960 female Muscovy ducks with the age of 210 days according to the male-female ratio of 1: and 16, establishing a new family on the basis of avoiding the sibling mating.
7. Pedigree hatching: eggs are collected and hatched according to pedigrees, and 5860 male muscovy ducks and 2930 female muscovy ducks are hatched.
8. And (4) repeating the breeding of the steps 1-7.
Through the breeding of 3 generations, the white muscovy duck N103 strain, 2000 male muscovy ducks and 2000 female muscovy ducks with the body types and the appearances conforming to the variety characteristics and the leg disease proportion of 0% are obtained. These Muscovy ducks weighed fast, plump feathers, firm legs and feet, and fresh red sarcoma. 4299 + -288 g of male muscovy duck at age of 77 days, 6.12 + -0.23 cm of shin circumference, 0 percent of leg disease, 2523 + -139 g of female muscovy duck at age of 70 days, 4.93 + -0.13 mm of crown base thickness and 0 percent of leg disease.
Table 2 lists the results of the white muscovy duck N103 strain bred through 3 generations of tibiomycetes by using the method.
TABLE 2 measurement results of the tibioblast and legged disease ratios of the respective generations of Muscovy Duck N103 strain (unit: cm,%)
Note: the male Muscovy duck is 77 days old, the female Muscovy duck is 70 days old, and 100 are measured.
The data in table 2 show that, after the invention is adopted, the tibiodes of the white muscovy duck N101 line are remarkably improved, the average of the muscovy ducks is 5.69 centimeters from the first generation to 6.12 centimeters from the 4 th generation, and the average of the muscovy ducks is increased by 0.15 centimeter every generation. The female muscovy duck increased from an average of 4.57 cm in the first generation to an average of 4.93 cm in the 4 th generation, and by an average of 0.12 cm per generation. Indirectly, the leg disease condition is improved remarkably, the leg disease proportion of the male muscovy duck is reduced from 15% of the 1 st generation to 0% of the 4 th generation, and the leg disease proportion is reduced by 5% in each generation on average. The leg disease rate of the female muscovy duck is reduced from 12% of the first generation to 0% of the 4 th generation, and the average of each generation is reduced by 4%.
Example 3 (white feather Muscovy Duck N104 line)
In this example, Muscovy duck N104 strain from Wenshi waterfowl breeding company was selected.
1. Seedling feeding: the age of 1 day, the abnormal, weak and defective chicks were eliminated, 3620 male seedlings were bred, and 3620 female seedlings were bred.
2. Primary selection: the adult muscovy ducks are 32 days old, and 2965 male muscovy ducks and 2296 female muscovy ducks are left after the adult muscovy ducks are rejected as weak, small in weight and defective in legs and feet.
3. Checking: at the age of 56 days, the individuals with small weight, defective times, slow hair growth, reverse wings and lameness are eliminated, 1350 male muscovy ducks are reserved, and 1979 female muscovy ducks are reserved.
4. And (3) determination: the male muscovy duck is 77 days old, the female muscovy duck is 70 days old, the body weight and the shin circumference of the male muscovy duck and the female muscovy duck are measured, the male muscovy duck with larger body weight and more than 0 body difference of the shin circumference is selected and reserved for 120 seeds, and the female muscovy duck with 1350 seeds is reserved.
5. Semen detection: and (4) carrying out semen detection on male Muscovy ducks aged 180 days, and eliminating individuals without semen, less semen and poor semen quality, wherein 75 male Muscovy ducks are reserved.
6. Establishing a pedigree: at 200 days of age, selecting and reserving 70 male muscovy ducks with the best comprehensive performance (the body weight, the feather development speed, the plumpness, the leg and foot fructification, the sarcoma bright red and the shank circumference mean deviation is more than 0), 1050 female muscovy ducks and a male duck and female duck proportion is 1: and 15, establishing a new family on the basis of avoiding the sibling mating.
7. Pedigree hatching: and (3) gathering eggs according to a pedigree, hatching and hatching 6350 eggs, wherein 3175 male seedlings and 3175 female seedlings are bred.
8. And (4) repeating the breeding of the steps 1-7.
Through the breeding of 3 generations, the white feather Muscovy duck N104 strain, 2000 male Muscovy ducks and 2000 female Muscovy ducks are obtained, wherein the body types and appearances of the white feather Muscovy ducks accord with the characteristics of the varieties and have the leg disease proportion of 0%. These Muscovy ducks were heavy, plump feathers, and fresh red sarcomas. 4338 + -238 g of male Muscovy duck at 77 days old, 6.14 + -0.19 cm of circumference of shin, 0% of leg disease, 2535 + -127 g of female Muscovy duck at 70 days old, 5.04 + -0.16 mm of circumference of shin, and 0% of leg disease.
Table 3 lists the results of the white muscovy duck N104 strain after the tibiow breeding for 3 generations by using the invention.
TABLE 3 measurement results of shank and leg disease ratio in each generation of Muscovy Duck N104 line (unit: cm,%)
Note: the male Muscovy duck is 77 days old, the female Muscovy duck is 70 days old, and 100 are measured.
The data in table 3 show that, after the invention is adopted, the tibiomorph muscovy duck N104 line is improved remarkably and genetically, the male muscovy duck is increased from 5.86 cm on average in the first generation to 6.14 cm on average in the 4 th generation, and is increased by 0.10 cm on average in each generation. The female muscovy duck increases from an average of 4.80 cm in the first generation to an average of 5.04 cm in the 4 th generation, and increases by an average of 0.08 cm per generation. Indirectly, the leg disease condition is improved remarkably, the leg disease proportion of the male muscovy duck is reduced from 12% of the 1 st generation to 0% of the 4 th generation, and the leg disease proportion of each generation is reduced by 4% on average. The leg disease ratio of the female muscovy duck is reduced from 10% of the first generation to 0% of the 4 th generation, and is reduced by 3.34% in each generation on average.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A muscovy duck breeding method without leg diseases is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, after the young muscovy ducks and the female muscovy ducks are tested and selected and retained by the conventional strain standard, the shank circumference is measured at the age of 49-77 days, the selected and retained shank circumference mean deviation is more than 0 for individual seed reservation, the selecting and retaining rate of the male muscovy ducks is 1.51-1.94%, and the selecting and retaining rate of the female muscovy ducks is 26.84-30.22%;
s2, mixing the materials in a ratio of 1: 15-20 establishing families and breeding the next generation;
s3, obtaining the muscovy duck without the leg disease after at least 3 generations of breeding.
2. The muscovy duck breeding method without the leg disease as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 of selecting and retaining the young muscovy duck and the female muscovy duck through the conventional strain standard detection specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, feeding seedlings, and eliminating abnormal and weak defective chicks at the age of 1 day;
s12, primary selection, and elimination of the weak and thin individuals at the age of 20-32 days;
s13, checking, and eliminating individuals with small weight, slow feather development and defective legs and feet at the age of 34-36 days.
3. The muscovy duck breeding method without the leg disease as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semen detection is performed on male muscovy ducks at the age of 180 days before the establishment of the family in step S2, so as to eliminate the individuals without semen, with little semen and poor semen quality.
4. The muscovy duck breeding method without the leg disease as claimed in claim 2, wherein after the check in step S13, the muscovy ducks are numbered on the wings of the male ducklings and the female muscovy ducks in sequence, and the weights and the shin circumferences of the male ducklings and the female muscovy ducks at the moment are recorded.
5. The muscovy duck selective breeding method without leg diseases as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step S2, individuals with large body weight, fast feather development, plumpness, strong legs and feet, fresh red sarcoma and difference of circumference of shin greater than 0 are selected from the established families.
6. The method for selectively breeding muscovy ducks without leg diseases as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step S2 is to avoid the copulation of the same sex when the family is established.
7. The method for selectively breeding muscovy ducks without leg diseases as claimed in claim 4, wherein the weight, the circumference of the neck and the thickness of the crown base of each generation of muscovy ducks obtained after at least 3 generations of selective breeding in step S3 are recorded.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102669049A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-09-19 | 广东温氏食品集团有限公司 | Method for breeding high quality chicken with high feather fitness degree |
| CN108029628A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-15 | 广东温氏食品集团股份有限公司 | It is a kind of to improve a kind selection for duck egg production |
| CN109924166A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-06-25 | 温氏食品集团股份有限公司 | A kind of high-quality chicken selection that abdominal fat is low |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102669049A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-09-19 | 广东温氏食品集团有限公司 | Method for breeding high quality chicken with high feather fitness degree |
| CN108029628A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-15 | 广东温氏食品集团股份有限公司 | It is a kind of to improve a kind selection for duck egg production |
| CN109924166A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-06-25 | 温氏食品集团股份有限公司 | A kind of high-quality chicken selection that abdominal fat is low |
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| 季从亮等: "番鸭部分生长性状遗传参数估计", 《养禽与禽病防治》 * |
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