CN112966939A - Elevator safety assessment method based on combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an elevator safety assessment method based on combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, which specifically comprises the following steps: s1, constructing an elevator safety evaluation index system; s2, determining subjective weight omega ' and objective weight omega ' respectively based on analytic hierarchy process and entropy value process 'jThereby determining the comprehensive weight W; s3, establishing a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model so as to determine an evaluation matrix R and an evaluation set U, and determining a comprehensive evaluation score F based on the evaluation matrix R, the evaluation set U and the comprehensive weight W; s4, evaluating the running state of the elevator based on the comprehensive evaluation score F and the corresponding score of the evaluation set U; tong (Chinese character of 'tong')And (3) passing a weighting method combining an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and an entropy method, and matching with a fuzzy comprehensive analysis method to comprehensively evaluate the running state of the elevator so as to truly reflect the running state of the elevator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of passenger elevator safety equipment, in particular to an elevator safety assessment method based on combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.
Background
With the continuous improvement of living standard and the continuous promotion of urbanization, the elevator becomes one of special equipment which is most contacted and used frequently in life and production of people, however, with the increasing investment of the elevator in production and life, the safety of the elevator becomes a hot spot of public discussion, a focus of social attention and a key point of government regulation. At present, most of elevator safety index information comes from manual statistics of maintenance personnel, summary of safety code standards and analysis of safety evaluation models. For an elevator, due to numerous index factors, the completeness, the scientificity and the feasibility of establishing an index system are difficult to meet when the safety evaluation index system is established.
The traditional safety assessment is carried out on the basis of the opinions of experienced field operators and experts, the accuracy of the method is greatly limited, and the evaluation is carried out by depending on personal experience, so that the subjectivity is too high. Currently, various advanced qualitative and quantitative comprehensive evaluation methods have been widely used and developed. However, the methods have the defects, and the qualitative evaluation method has the advantages of low evaluation precision and large subjective randomness; the quantitative evaluation method has higher requirement on the integrity of data and higher difficulty in realizing a complex system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an elevator safety assessment method based on combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in order to overcome the defects of the conventional elevator safety assessment method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for overcoming the technical problems is as follows:
the inventionThe elevator safety assessment method based on combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation specifically comprises the following steps: s1, constructing an elevator safety evaluation index system; s2, determining subjective weight omega ' and objective weight omega ' respectively based on analytic hierarchy process and entropy value process 'jThereby determining the comprehensive weight W; s3, establishing a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model so as to determine an evaluation matrix R and an evaluation set U, and determining a comprehensive evaluation score F based on the evaluation matrix R, the evaluation set U and the comprehensive weight W; and S4, evaluating the running state of the elevator based on the comprehensive evaluation score F and the corresponding score of the evaluation set U.
Further, step S1 specifically includes: s11, selecting a plurality of elevator running performance indexes as evaluation indexes; and S12, dividing the evaluation index into a plurality of layers, and establishing a layer structure model.
The principle of selecting the running performance index of the elevator is to select the index which is as less as possible and has important influence on the running of the elevator as an evaluation index.
Further, the evaluation index at least comprises a speed curve, a vibration acceleration and vibration signal energy distribution, the speed curve comprises speed curve variation, an X-axis vibration peak-to-peak value, a Y-axis vibration peak-to-peak value and a Z-axis vibration peak-to-peak value, the vibration acceleration comprises an X-axis vibration root-mean-square, a Y-axis vibration root-mean-square and a Z-axis vibration root-mean-square, and the vibration signal energy distribution comprises a Z-axis vibration wavelet packet energy entropy.
The second layer of the established evaluation indexes is a speed curve, vibration acceleration and vibration signal energy distribution, and the third layer is speed curve variation, X-axis vibration peak value, Y-axis vibration peak value, Z-axis vibration peak value, X-axis vibration root-mean-square, Y-axis vibration root-mean-square, Z-axis vibration root-mean-square and Z-axis vibration wavelet packet energy entropy.
Further, the step S2 of determining the objective weight based on the entropy method specifically includes: s211, taking n elevator running performance indexes as X ═ X1,X2,…,XnSampling each index m times to obtain S ═ S1,S2,…,Sm}; s212, obtaining a non-dimensionalized data matrix B (B) based on the sample Sij)m×nAnd after normalizationObtaining a matrix
S213, matrix p based on normalization processingijObtaining the information entropy of each elevator operation performance index
S214, obtaining a corresponding discrete degree coefficient D based on the information entropy valuejWherein D isj＝1-HjJ is 1,2,3 …, n; s215, calculating a weighting coefficient of each elevator running performance index to obtain an objective weight vector omega ═ omega'1,ω'2,ω'3,…,ω'n) (ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
further, the step S2 of determining the subjective weight based on the analytic hierarchy process specifically includes: s221, obtaining a scale value of each elevator operation performance index based on a scale principle of a hierarchical scale method; s222, building a judgment matrix A ═ (a) based on an elevator safety assessment index systemij)n×n(ii) a S223 obtains the maximum eigenvalue λ of the determination matrix a based on AX ═ λ XmaxAnd the maximum eigenvector K ═ K (K)1,k2,k3,…,kn) (ii) a S224, consistency check is carried out, if the consistency ratio is random
If the value is less than 0.1, judging that the scaling principle meets the requirement, otherwise reestablishing the scaling principle; s225, normalizing the maximum feature vector to obtain a subjective weight vector omega ═ omega'1,ω”2,…,ω”n) Wherein, in the step (A),
further, the step S2 of determining the comprehensive weight based on the subjective weight and the objective weight specifically includes: the subjective weight and the objective weight are combined in a linear combination mode to obtain a comprehensive weight, and W is alpha omega'j+(1-α)ω”jWherein alpha is more than 0 and less than 1.
The subjective weight and the objective weight are also important, and if the linear coefficient α is 0.5, W is 0.5 ω'j+0.5ω”j。
Further, step S3 specifically includes: s31, establishing an elevator running performance index set V ═ V1,V2,V3,V4,V5,V6,V7,......,VnIn which V is1-VnThe performance index of the elevator operation is obtained; s32, determining an evaluation standard based on the safety condition analysis of the elevator operation, establishing an evaluation set U based on the evaluation standard, determining a corresponding evaluation score of the evaluation standard, and obtaining a weighting vector M corresponding to the evaluation standard; s33, based on the expert evaluation of the elevator running performance indexes V1-Vn, determining the membership degree r of each elevator running performance index to the evaluation set UijThereby constructing an evaluation matrix of the running performance index of a single elevator
Wherein 0 < rijLess than 1; s34, based on fuzzy evaluation matrix
And constructing a total safety evaluation matrix B (WR) by the comprehensive weight W, and determining the comprehensive evaluation score of the total target layer as F (BM) based on the weighting vector and the total safety evaluation matrixΤ。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the weighting method combining the analytic hierarchy process AHP and the entropy value method is adopted and matched with the fuzzy comprehensive analysis method, comprehensive safety assessment is carried out on the running state of the elevator, and the actual running state of the elevator is reflected really.
2. The important indexes which have great influence on the operation of the elevator and are as few as possible are selected for constructing the elevator safety assessment index system, so that the difficulty of elevator safety assessment is reduced.
3. The method has universality and can be applied to the safety assessment of the elevator which cannot provide enough information.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an elevator safety assessment method based on combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a sub-flow diagram of an elevator safety assessment method based on combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an elevator safety operation performance index hierarchical diagram of an elevator safety assessment method based on combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention for those skilled in the art, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are given by way of illustration only and do not limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the elevator safety assessment method based on combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in this embodiment specifically includes: s1, constructing an elevator safety evaluation index system; s2, determining subjective weight omega ' and objective weight omega ' respectively based on analytic hierarchy process and entropy value process 'jThereby determining the comprehensive weight W; s3, establishing a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model so as to determine an evaluation matrix R and an evaluation set U, and determining a comprehensive evaluation score F based on the evaluation matrix R, the evaluation set U and the comprehensive weight W; and S4, evaluating the running state of the elevator based on the comprehensive evaluation score F and the corresponding score of the evaluation set U.
The steps of the elevator safety assessment method based on the combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are described in detail below with reference to fig. 2 and 3. Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of each sub-step included in the elevator safety assessment method based on the combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation according to the present invention.
Step S1 specifically includes: s11, selecting a plurality of elevator running performance indexes influencing the elevator performance as evaluation indexes; and S12, dividing the evaluation index into a plurality of layers, and establishing a layer structure model. The established elevator safety evaluation index system is shown in fig. 3, and in this embodiment, 8 elevator operation performance indexes are selected as evaluation indexes and are divided into 3 levels. And selecting few important indexes as much as possible for practical evaluation when evaluating the safe operation performance indexes of the elevator. The evaluation indexes of the second level comprise a speed curve, vibration acceleration and vibration signal energy distribution, and the running performance indexes of the elevator of the third level comprise a speed curve variation degree C1, an X-axis vibration peak-to-peak value C2, a Y-axis vibration peak-to-peak value C3, a Z-axis vibration peak-to-peak value C4, an X-axis vibration root-mean-square C5, a Y-axis vibration root-mean-square C6, a Z-axis vibration root-mean-square C7 and a Z-axis vibration wavelet packet energy entropy C8.
Step S2 specifically includes: subjective weight omega ' and objective weight omega ' are respectively determined based on analytic hierarchy process and entropy value process 'jDetermining a comprehensive weight W based on the subjective weight and the objective weight;
the method for determining the objective weight based on the entropy method specifically comprises the following steps: s211, taking n elevator running performance indexes, and sampling each elevator running performance index m times. In this embodiment, three samples are selected as sampling samples from the selected annual inspection elevator. And selecting 8 elevator running performance indexes, and sampling each elevator running performance index in three samples for 7 times. The sample data is the operation performance index sample data of the same type of elevators in different years, and the operation state of the sample elevator can be judged according to the historical maintenance record and the daily operation state.
S212, a non-dimensionalized data matrix B (B) is obtained based on the sample S and the normalized sample dataij)m×nThe dimensionless data matrix obtained in this example
S213, obtaining the operation performance of each elevatorInformation entropy of energy index:
in this embodiment, Hj＝(0.8456,0.8164,0.8100,0.2446,0.8452,0.8602,0.8078,0.8539)；
S214, the objective weight ω' is obtained (0.0806,0.0958,0.0992,0.3942,0.0808,0.0730,0.1003, 0.0762).
The subjective weight determination based on an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) specifically comprises:
and S221, obtaining the scale value of each elevator operation performance index based on the scale principle of the hierarchical scale method, wherein the scale principle is shown in the following table.
| Scale | Scale definition |
| 1 | A is equally important compared to B |
| 1.3136 | A is slightly more important than B |
| 1.7321 | A is more important than B |
| 3 | A is significantly more important than B |
| 5.1966 | A is strongly important compared to B |
| 9 | A is very much larger than BEnd importance |
A, B respectively indicates the importance degree of two elevator running performance indexes in an elevator safety evaluation index system relative to the indexes of the upper layer, taking a speed curve as an example, the importance degree of an X-axis vibration peak value to the speed curve is A, and the importance degree of a Y-axis vibration peak value to the speed curve is B.
S222, building a judgment matrix A ═ (a) based on an elevator safety assessment index systemij)n×n；
In an embodiment of the invention, a decision matrix is constructed based on the elevator safety assessment index system shown in fig. 2
S223 obtains the maximum eigenvalue λ based on the formula AX ═ λ XmaxAnd with the maximum eigenvalue λmaxCorresponding feature vector K ═ K (K)1,k2,k3,…,kn). In this example, λ is obtainedmax＝8。
S224, consistency check is carried out, if the consistency ratio is random
If the value is less than 0.1, judging that the scale principle meets the requirement, namely, considering that the scale meets the requirement and considering that the hierarchical ordering has better consistency; otherwise, reestablishing the scaling principle;
s225, normalizing the maximum feature vector to obtain a subjective weight vector omega ═ omega'1,ω”2,…,ω”n) Wherein, in the step (A),
in this embodiment, the corresponding feature vector is normalized to obtain the subjective weight vector ω ═ of the elevator operation performance index (0.0991, 0.1715,0.1715,0.0991,0.1303,0.1303,0.0991, 0.0991).
And obtaining the comprehensive weight by the obtained main weight and objective weight in a linear combination mode. According to the advantages and disadvantages of objective weighting and subjective weighting, the obtained subjective weighting and objective weighting are combined together in a linear combination mode to obtain the final comprehensive weighting, and the linear relation is as follows: omegaj＝αω'j+(1-α)ω”j. Since subjective weighting and objective weighting are equally important, the optimal choice is when α is 0.5, i.e., the integrated weight ω isj＝0.5ω'j+0.5ω”j。
Step S3 includes: and establishing a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model so as to determine an evaluation matrix R and an evaluation set U, and determining a comprehensive evaluation score F based on the evaluation matrix, the evaluation set and the comprehensive weight. Specifically, S31, sets up an elevator operation performance index set V ═ V1,V2,V3,V4,V5,V6,V7,V8In which V is1Corresponding to the variation degree, V, of the velocity curve2Corresponding to the peak value and V of the X-axis vibration peak3Corresponding to the peak value and V of the vibration peak of the Y axis4Corresponding to peak value and V of Z-axis vibration table5Root mean square and V of vibration corresponding to X axis6Root mean square and V of corresponding Y-axis vibration7Root mean square and V of vibration corresponding to Z axis8Corresponding to the energy entropy of the Z-axis vibration wavelet packet.
S32, determining a rating criterion based on the safety condition analysis of the elevator operation, and establishing an evaluation set U based on the rating criterion, determining a corresponding evaluation score of the rating criterion, and obtaining a weighting vector M corresponding to the rating criterion.
According to the safety condition analysis of elevator operation, the evaluation criteria are divided into five categories, and the corresponding evaluation set is U-U1(most ideal state), U2(good quality), U3(good) U4(qualified), U5(poor), the corresponding relationship between the corresponding evaluation set and the corresponding security level and estimation score is as follows: u shape1(most desirable state): corresponding to an estimated value of 100; u shape2(excellent quality): corresponding evaluation scores (80-99); u shape3(good): corresponding evaluation scores (50-79); u shape4(pass): corresponding evaluation scores (35-49); u shape5(poor): corresponding to the evaluation scores (0-34).
S33, based on the expert evaluation of the elevator running performance indexes V1-Vn, determining the membership degree r of each elevator running performance index to the evaluation set UijThereby constructing an evaluation matrix of the running performance index of a single elevator
Wherein 0 < rij＜1；
S34, obtaining a fuzzy evaluation matrix based on the running performance index of a single elevator
And constructing a total safety evaluation matrix B (WR) based on the fuzzy evaluation matrix R and the comprehensive weight W, and determining the comprehensive evaluation score of the total target layer F (BM) based on the weighting vector and the total safety evaluation matrixΤ。
In the embodiment of the invention, 10 evaluators are organized to evaluate the actual safety condition grade of the elevator in a certain age according to the national standard GB-T20900 file to obtain the fuzzy evaluation matrix of each evaluation factor of the first-grade index
In one embodiment of the present invention, an overall security assessment matrix B WR 0.19430.26570.37900.16290.0689 is derived]According to the scores corresponding to the evaluation grades, the weighting vector M (10085604020) of the scores corresponding to different evaluation grades can be obtained. Thereby obtaining the total evaluation score of the total target layer as F ═ BMT72.6485, comparing with the evaluation set U, the elevator running state is in accordance with U in the evaluation set U3(good), so the elevator running state is good.
The elevators with the same model and the service lives of 2,3, 7 and 12 years are selected for verification, and because the running states of the elevators with the same model and the service lives of different years are different, the performance of the elevators with the longer service lives is poorer. The running state of the elevator can be judged according to the historical maintenance record and the daily running state. The data of different elevators are collected, and the conclusion of the running state of the elevator obtained by the elevator safety assessment method based on the combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in the embodiment of the invention is consistent with the actual situation, so that the elevator safety assessment method provided by the invention can be applied to the elevators without enough information for safety assessment.
The foregoing merely illustrates the principles and preferred embodiments of the invention and many variations and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description, which are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An elevator safety assessment method based on combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing an elevator safety evaluation index system;
s2, determining subjective weight omega ' and objective weight omega ' respectively based on analytic hierarchy process and entropy value process 'jThereby determining the comprehensive weight W;
s3, establishing a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model so as to determine an evaluation matrix R and an evaluation set U, and determining a comprehensive evaluation score F based on the evaluation matrix R, the evaluation set U and the comprehensive weight W;
and S4, evaluating the running state of the elevator based on the comprehensive evaluation score F and the corresponding score of the evaluation set U.
2. The elevator safety assessment method based on the combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step S1 specifically comprises:
s11, selecting a plurality of elevator running performance indexes as evaluation indexes;
and S12, dividing the evaluation index into a plurality of layers, and establishing a layer structure model.
3. The elevator safety assessment method based on the combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation according to claim 2, wherein the assessment indexes at least comprise a speed curve, a vibration acceleration and a vibration signal energy distribution, the speed curve comprises a speed curve variation degree, an X-axis vibration peak-to-peak value, a Y-axis vibration peak-to-peak value and a Z-axis vibration peak-to-peak value, the vibration acceleration comprises an X-axis vibration root-mean-square, a Y-axis vibration root-mean-square and a Z-axis vibration root-mean-square, and the vibration signal energy distribution comprises a Z-axis vibration wavelet packet energy entropy.
4. The elevator safety assessment method based on the combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the determining the objective weight based on the entropy method in step S2 specifically comprises:
s211, taking n elevator running performance indexes as X ═ X1,X2,…,XnSampling each index m times to obtain S ═ S1,S2,…,Sm}；
S212, obtaining a non-dimensionalized data matrix B (B) based on the sample Sij)m×nAnd normalized to obtain a matrix
S213, matrix p based on normalization processingijObtaining the information entropy of each elevator operation performance index
S214, obtaining a corresponding discrete degree coefficient D based on the information entropy valuejWherein D isj＝1-Hj,j＝1,2,3…,n；
S215, calculating a weighting coefficient of each elevator running performance index to obtain an objective weight vector omega ═ omega'1,ω'2,ω'3,…,ω'n) (ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
5. the elevator safety assessment method based on the combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step S2 of determining the subjective weight based on the analytic hierarchy process specifically comprises:
s221, obtaining a scale value of each elevator operation performance index based on a scale principle of a hierarchical scale method;
s222, building a judgment matrix A ═ (a) based on an elevator safety assessment index systemij)n×n；
S223 finding the maximum eigenvalue λ based on AX ═ λ XmaxAnd the maximum eigenvector K ═ K (K)1,k2,k3,…,kn)；
S224, consistency check is carried out, if the consistency ratio is random
If the value is less than 0.1, judging that the scaling principle meets the requirement, otherwise reestablishing the scaling principle;
s225, normalizing the maximum feature vector to obtain a subjective weight vector omega ═ omega'1,ω”2,…,ω”n) Wherein, in the step (A),
6. the elevator safety assessment method based on the combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation according to claim 4, wherein the determining of the comprehensive weight based on the subjective weight and the objective weight in the step S2 specifically comprises: the subjective weight and the objective weight are combined in a linear combination mode to obtain a comprehensive weight, and W is alpha omega'j+(1-α)ω”jWherein alpha is more than 0 and less than 1.
7. The elevator safety assessment method based on the combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation as claimed in claim 6, wherein said step S3 specifically comprises:
s31, establishing an elevator running performance index set V ═ V1,V2,V3,V4,V5,V6,V7,......,VnIn which V is1-VnThe performance index of the elevator operation is obtained;
s32, determining an evaluation standard based on the safety condition analysis of the elevator operation, establishing an evaluation set U based on the evaluation standard, determining a corresponding evaluation score of the evaluation standard, and obtaining a weighting vector M corresponding to the evaluation standard;
s33, based on the expert evaluation of the elevator running performance indexes V1-Vn, determining the membership degree r of each elevator running performance index to the evaluation set UijThereby constructing an evaluation matrix of the running performance index of a single elevator
Wherein 0 < rij＜1；
S34, based on fuzzy evaluation matrix
And constructing a total safety evaluation matrix B (WR) by the comprehensive weight W, and determining the comprehensive evaluation score of the total target layer as F (BM) based on the weighting vector and the total safety evaluation matrixΤ。
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| CN113343177A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-09-03 | 北京磁浮有限公司 | Elevator equipment health state diagnosis method based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory |
| CN113722195A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-30 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | Local area network operation evaluation system and method based on AHP (advanced health process) hierarchy analysis method |
| CN114565162A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-31 | 北京九天翱翔科技有限公司 | Aircraft transportation state monitoring and safety protection method and system |
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