CN109784735A - Based on level-fuzz method to the appraisal procedure of elevator safety guard system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of appraisal procedure based on level-fuzz method to elevator safety guard system, identification first by carrying out risk factors to elevator safety guard system, then chromatographic analysis is carried out using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), calculates the weight of each rule layer and indicator layer；Secondly on the basis of Preliminary Hazard Analysis, component is further analyzed with failure modes and effects analysis method, with risk locating for judgement part, to construct risk Subject Matrix；Finally evaluated with Field Using Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment, in conjunction with the weight and risk Subject Matrix of each index, obtain the assessment result of elevator safety guard system, the present invention can be intuitive, comprehensive, quantitative determination elevator safety guard system degree of risk, and according to the risk indicator numerical value of actual measurement elevator safety guard system, suggestion is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to elevator safety fields, and in particular to one kind is based on level-fuzz method to elevator safety guard system
Appraisal procedure.
Background technique
With economic development, city middle-high building is more and more, and elevator is as a kind of convenience and efficient communications and transportation
Tool, usage amount and frequency greatly increase, however elevator is as a kind of special equipment, after its generation accident caused by endanger
Greatly, thus elevator can normally safe operation it is critically important to us, elevator safety guard system is elevator safety work
Core component, when Lift out of order, can the security protection system of elevator work normally the safety to guarantee elevator
It is particularly important, however the security risk of elevator safety guard system is a sufficiently complex comprehensive system problem, is had
Its intrinsic ambiguity, it is difficult to it is indicated with mathematical models come quantitative, and carries out accurate grade classification, some part peace
Full property changes, and the result of overall merit may be made to change, traditional side is used in qualitative change caused by this small quantitative change sometimes
Method is difficult to reflect, and therefore, the importance for carrying out the assessment of elevator safety guard system is self-evident.
Traditional appraisal procedure can only qualitatively detect the safe condition of elevator safety guard system, detect to elevator components
Also only given standard judgement is qualified unqualified, this for elevator safety guard system specific fine or not degree none
Specific guidance, so there is an urgent need to by converting quantitative assessment for qualitative assessment, based on level-fuzz method to elevator
The appraisal procedure of security protection system can be intuitive, comprehensive, quantitative determination elevator safety guard system degree of risk, and root
The index value for factually surveying elevator safety guard system, provides suggestion.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of intuitive, comprehensive, quantitative elevator safety guard system appraisal procedure, and root
Factually survey the Optimizing Suggestions that index provides elevator safety guard system.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of appraisal procedure of elevator safety guard system, steps
It is as follows:
(1) identification for carrying out risk factors to elevator safety guard system first, establishes Hierarchy Evaluation architecture, will be electric
Terraced security protection system is divided into rule layer and indicator layer；
(2) evaluation indice, including above-mentioned rule layer index and indicator layer index are established；
(3) Judgement Matricies；
(4) weight set, calculation criterion layer weight and indicator layer weight are determined, and determines consistency, calculates consistency ratio
Whether rate complies with standard, and continues step (5) if meeting, and readjusts if not meeting to judgment matrix, until complying with standard；
(5) risk is divided, on the basis of Preliminary Hazard Analysis, with failure modes and effects analysis method to component
Analyze risk locating for simultaneously judge index；
(6) assessed elevator safety guard system and obtained the data of at least 10 group parts risks, further root
According to the risk of division, each component risk ratio shared in all risks is calculated, risk Subject Matrix is established；
(7) carry out fuzzy evaluation, first progress level-one fuzzy evaluation, in conjunction with each indicator layer weight in above-mentioned steps (3) into
The evaluation of row index layer；Then second level fuzzy evaluation is carried out, determines elevator safety in conjunction with each rule layer weight in above-mentioned steps (3)
The general safety situation of guard system.
Further, risk factors collection is that the Delphi method used carries out discriminance analysis.
Further, indicator layer is further determined that on the basis of above-mentioned rule layer.
Further, judgment matrix is using 9 grades of scaling law constructions, by certain criterion index of same level with another criterion index
The significance level compared indicates with the number of 1-9, and requires to be compared two-by-two between the index factor, constructs pair
The judgment matrix A of titlen=(aij)n×n, by the comparison result of i element and j element in a matrix with aijIt indicates, wherein AnFor Dan Yin
Plain judgment matrix；N is the index number in rule layer；J is the sub- index number in rule layer；aijFor Indexes Comparison two-by-two
The judgment value of " significance level ".
Further, rule layer weight and indicator layer weight by it is following it is various find out, find out first factor of evaluation weight to
Measure approximation W 'i,Factor of evaluation weight vectors W is sought in renormalization processingi,aijFor the factor in judgment matrix.
Further, determine consistency by introducing random consistency ratio CR, CR=CI/RI, wherein
RI is Aver-age Random Consistency Index, and CI is coincident indicator, and the value of RI and the order of judgment matrix have relationship, when
When matrix order is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, corresponding RI is respectively 0,0,0.58,0.90,1.12,1.24,1.32,
1.41,1.45, when CR < 0.1, it is believed that judgment matrix has satisfied consistency, otherwise needs the element value to judgment matrix
It is adjusted, until CR < 0.1, then it is assumed that pass through consistency check.
Further, 5 layers of risk have at least been divided, respectively " low-risk ", " compared with low-risk ", " average risk ", " higher
Risk " and " high risk ", and corresponding score value is assigned, correspond to " 1,2,3,4,5 ", on the basis of Preliminary Hazard Analysis
On, judge to survey the possible injury of component, and further analyze component with failure modes and effects analysis method, analyze
It influences other component brings, the risk of precise quantification all parts.
Further, the secondary fuzzy evaluation refers to the weight first according to each indicator layer componentIt is subordinate to risk
Matrix Yk, pass through formulaLevel-one fuzzy evaluation is carried out, U is calculatedi, UiFor indicator layer risk Subject Matrix Yk
To the Membership Vestor of risk factors evaluate collection V；Then carry out second level fuzzy evaluation, according to the weight W of each rule layer component and
Level-one evaluation result matrix R, R=(U1,U2,U3...Ui)T, by formula U=WR, be calculated U, U be rule layer risk because
Membership Vestor of the element to risk factors evaluate collection.
Further, then normalizing is done to the Membership Vestor of risk factors evaluate collection according to the rule layer risk factors obtained
Change processing, in conjunction with corresponding risk class value, obtains the value-at-risk of elevator safety guard system.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage is:
(1) on the basis of Preliminary Hazard Analysis, judge to survey the possible injury of component, and use failure mode
And Effect Analysis Method further analyzes component, analyzing it influences other component brings, being capable of accurate divided parts risk
Degree, more comprehensive and accurate can obtain the functional safety status of elevator；
(2) use fuzzy evaluation when, combine the weight of each index, make to evaluate it is more accurate, with traditional qualitative evaluation
Compared to more intuitive and accurate；
(3) the assessment elevator safety guard system that can be quantified through the invention, so can more intuitively judge to need
Improved index is wanted, relevant criterion is finally reached；
(4) risk locating for elevator safety guard system can determine whether according to actual measurement index, should be adopted according to different risks
The corresponding measure taken provides the Optimizing Suggestions of elevator safety guard system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the appraisal procedure schematic diagram the present invention is based on level-fuzz method to elevator safety guard system.
Specific implementation measure
Below according to Fig. 1 to the present invention is based on appraisal procedure of the level-fuzz method to elevator safety guard system to carry out in detail
It describes in detail bright, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, the identification of risk factors is carried out to elevator safety guard system by Delphi method, and establishes Hierarchy Evaluation
Elevator safety guard system is divided into rule layer and indicator layer by architecture；
The rule layer index includes following 7: 1, limiter of speed, 2, safety tongs, 3, buffer, 4, door protective device,
5, end station protective device, 6, overload protection device, 7, alarm device；
The indicator layer index includes following 16: 1, limiter of speed Reliability of Microprocessor, 2, limiter of speed rotation portion lubrication
Property, 3, the complete property of limiter of speed protective device, 4, the flexibility of safety tongs component, 5, safety tongs voussoir face and working face of guide rail gap
Consistency, 6, hydraulic bjuffer oil level and leakage situation, 7, hydraulic bjuffer electric safety switch validity, 8, buffer spring
Or rubber pad aging conditions, 9, the complete property of limit switch, 10, limit switch validity, 11, door protection sensitivity, 12, Men Bao
The validity of shield, 13, the sensitivity of overload protection device, 14, the validity of overload protection device, 15, emergency alarm device it is neat
Quan Xing, 16, emergency alarm device validity.
Step 2, evaluation indice is established, the criterion of elevator safety guard system appraisement system is determined according to above-mentioned index
Layer index set A=(A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7), wherein A1Indicator layer collection be combined into (A11,A12,A13), AijSubject to expression
Then layer AiJ-th of indicator layer, be specifically shown in Table 1.
Each index set risk factors of table 1
Step 3, judgment matrix is using 9 grades of scaling law constructions, by certain criterion index of same level with another criterion index
The significance level compared indicates with the number of 1-9, and requires to be compared two-by-two between the index factor, constructs pair
The judgment matrix A of titlen=(aij)n×n, by the comparison result of i element and j element in a matrix with aijIt indicates, wherein AnFor Dan Yin
Plain judgment matrix；N is the index number in rule layer；J is the sub- index number in rule layer；aijFor Indexes Comparison two-by-two
The judgment value of " significance level "；1-9 grades of scale is shown in Table 2.
2 judgment matrix element a of tableijScale and meaning
Step 4, weight set is determined.If AiWeight be Wi(i=1,2,3,4,5,6,7), then rule layer weight sets are as follows: W
=(W1,W2,W3,W4,W5,W6,W7) wherein 0≤Wi≤ 1, rule layer AiCorresponding indicator layer weight sets is combined intoK represents AiCorresponding indicator layer number, wherein
Determine that weight seeks factor of evaluation weight vectors approximation W ' shown in the calculating of weight such as following formula (1) with root methodi
By factor of evaluation weight vectors approximation W 'i, factor of evaluation weight vectors W is sought as normalizedi, relational expression
For (2)
Consistency check is introduced, the index of consistency is deviateed as judgment matrix, for the judgment matrix of n rank, wherein λmax
Indicate the maximum eigenvalue of judgment matrix, shown in the calculating of index such as following formula (3):
Random consistency ratio CR is introduced to determine consistency, CR=CI/RI, RI are that mean random is consistent
Property index, the value of RI and the order of judgment matrix have relationship.The specific value of RI is as shown in table 3 below:
Table 3RI value corresponds to table
If CR < 0.1, it is believed that judgment matrix has satisfied consistency, otherwise need to the element value of judgment matrix into
Row adjustment, until CR < 0.1, then it is assumed that pass through consistency check.
Step 5, risk, risk factors evaluate collection V=(V are divided1,V2,V3,V4,V5), V is used in the present invention1,V2,V3,
V4,V5Indicate that risk locating for elevator safety guard system, corresponding comment are respectively " low-risk ", " compared with low-risk ", " general wind
Danger ", " high risk " and " high risk ", corresponding risk class value Z=(1,2,3,4,5), specific divide are shown in Table 4.
4 elevator safety guard system risk of table divides
Judging index is as follows:
Component evaluation of hazard grade is mainly from two element of risk, and consider two aspects: precarious position causes the accident
Complexity P, accident severity S, mathematical model is as follows:
R=f (S, P)=S × P
P represents the complexity of accident generation；S represents the severity of accident.
A possibility that severity of accident and accident occur the present invention is respectively divided into five grades, illustrates respectively such as table
5 and table 6 shown in, wherein a possibility that accident occurs uses alphabetical " A, B, C, D, E " to indicate respectively according to its probability size；Accident
Severity with number language " 5,4,3,2,1 " indicate, respectively represent severity be " high, more high, medium and low, negligible ".
A possibility that accident occurs under 5 precarious position of table hierarchical table
The classification of severity table of 6 accident of table
Each risk class is commented in conjunction with risk plot analysis each in practical application by the comparison of each risk class
It is fixed, five risk are finally established, as shown in table 7, wherein 5A, 4A, 5B are high risk；3A, 4B, 5C are high risk；
2A, 3B, 4C, 5D are average risk；1A, 2B, 3C, 4D, 5E, 2C, 3D are compared with low-risk；1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 2D, 2E, 3E, 4E
For low-risk.
The risk class tablet of the dangerous plot of table 7
On the basis of Preliminary Hazard Analysis, with failure modes and effects analysis to Component Analysis and judgement part institute
The risk at place, as when judging risk locating for certain elevator " validity of overload protection device " index, according to practical inspection
The failure degree of " validity of overload protection device " is surveyed, Preliminary Hazard Analysis method is used first, analyzes the failure degree
Under endanger caused by " validity of overload protection device "；Then, on the basis of Preliminary Hazard Analysis, with failure mode
And the above process is further analyzed in Effect Analysis Method: when above-mentioned failure mode occurs, will lead to motor destruction, elevator pendant
It falls, therefore the severity of " validity of overload protection device " can be defined；When " validity of overload protection device " failure mould
When formula occurs, safety allowance is very low, triggers the environment of accident, condition is easy to generate, therefore can define the difficulty of accident generation
Easy degree, therefore can determine risk locating for certain elevator " validity of overload protection device " index.
Step 6, the establishment of risk Subject Matrix carries out assessment to elevator safety guard system and obtains at least 10 group parts wind
The data of dangerous degree calculate each component risk ratio shared in all risks, establish wind according to the risk of division
Dangerous Subject Matrix, to AkIn each simple element evaluation membership vector matrix form are as follows:
Wherein, YkFor risk Subject Matrix, it indicates that each index is to the influence degree of each opinion rating in indicator layer.
Step 7, fuzzy evaluation is carried out；
Level-one UiFuzzy evaluation:
In formula, UiFor risk Subject Matrix YkTo the Membership Vestor of risk factors evaluate collection V, YkFor risk Subject Matrix,
For indicator layer weight；
Second level U fuzzy evaluation:
According to level-one fuzzy evaluation, level-one evaluation result matrix R can be obtained, i.e.,
U is Membership Vestor of the rule layer risk factors to risk factors evaluate collection
U is done into normalized and obtains U ', calculates comprehensive score η=U ' ZTIt is determined for last evaluation result according to table 4
Its corresponding risk, to know elevator safety guard system state in which, and the phase that should be taken according to different risks
Measure is answered, the Optimizing Suggestions of elevator safety guard system are provided.
Embodiment:
Elevator introduction to be measured: this assessment chooses the elevator of the city H office building as case, is denoted as G ladder.
It is made a concrete analysis of by taking one of indicator layer factor " limiter of speed " as an example, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1, rule layer and indicator layer are established, according to table 1 rule layer A1For " limiter of speed ", indicator layer is limiter of speed
Reliability of Microprocessor A11, the lubricity A of limiter of speed rotation portion12, the complete property A of limiter of speed protective device13；
Step 2, evaluation indice, rule layer A are established1For " limiter of speed ", index set are as follows: A1=(A11,A12,A13)；
Step 3, Judgement Matricies are specifically shown in Table 8；
8 limiter of speed indicator layer judgment matrix of table
| A1 | A11 | A12 | A13 |
| A11 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| A12 | 1/3 | 1 | 2 |
| A13 | 1/3 | 1/2 | 1 |
Step 4, weight set is determined,Test and judge matrix
Consistency acquires λ by judgment matrixmax=3.0536, CI=0.0268, and find out CR=0.0521 < 0.1 and conform to
It asks.According to rule layer index set A=(A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7), the judgment matrix established according to analytic hierarchy process (AHP) calculates
Weight W out, W=(W1,W2,W3,W4,W5,W6,W7)=(0.2160,01306,0.1106,0.0642,0.0908,0.3174,
0.0703) each indicator layer weight set, can similarly be found outAnd pass through inspection；
Step 5, risk Subject Matrix is established；
Step 6, fuzzy evaluation is carried out；
U1=W1·Y1=(0.1496,0.0406,0.1843,0.3311,0.4439)
U2=W2·Y2=(0.0333,0.0666,0.0666,0.0366,0.0466)
U3=W3·Y3=(0.0413,0.0673,0.1743,0.3588,1.5113)
U4=W4·Y4=(0.1000,0.1800,0.2000,0.3200,0.2000)
U5=W5·Y5=(0.1666,0.2332,0.3000,0.2000,0.1000)
U6=W6·Y6=(0.0000,0.0200,0.1800,0.4000,0.4000)
U7=W7·Y7=(0.2250,0.0275,0.3000,0.1000,0.1000)
Carry out second level fuzzy evaluation；
According to level-one fuzzy evaluation, level-one evaluation result matrix R can be obtained, i.e.,
Similarly in first order calculation evaluation method, U is calculated with following formula
U=WR=(0.0786,0.0659,0.1861,0.2887,0.4250)
The U ' of normalized=(0.0753,0.0631,0.1782,0.2764,0.4070)
Finally calculate comprehensive score η=U ' ZT=3.8767 be last evaluation result.
It is divided according to 4 elevator device overall level of risk of table, which is determined as higher
Risk.
What has been described above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common sense such as well known specific method or characteristic are not made herein in scheme
Excessive description.It should be pointed out that under the premise of not departing from the present invention, can also be carried out for those skilled in the art
Several improvement, these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, these all will not influence the effect and patent that the present invention is implemented
Practicability.This application claims protection scope should be subject to the content of claim, the specific embodiment in specification
Equal records can be used for explaining the content of claim.
Claims (9)
1. based on level-fuzz method to the appraisal procedure of elevator safety guard system, which is characterized in that it the following steps are included:
(1) identification for carrying out risk factors to elevator safety guard system first, establishes Hierarchy Evaluation architecture, elevator is pacified
Full protection system is divided into rule layer and indicator layer；
(2) evaluation indice, including above-mentioned rule layer index and indicator layer index are established；
(3) Judgement Matricies；
(4) weight set, calculation criterion layer weight and indicator layer weight are determined, and determines consistency, calculating consistency ratio is
It is no to comply with standard, continue step (5) if meeting, judgment matrix is readjusted if not meeting, until complying with standard；
(5) risk is divided, on the basis of Preliminary Hazard Analysis, with failure modes and effects analysis method to Component Analysis
And risk locating for judgement part；
(6) data of at least 10 group parts risks are assessed elevator safety guard system and are obtained, further basis is drawn
The risk divided calculates each component risk ratio shared in all risks, establishes risk Subject Matrix；
(7) fuzzy evaluation is carried out, first progress level-one fuzzy evaluation, is referred in conjunction with each indicator layer weight in above-mentioned steps (3)
Mark layer evaluation；Then second level fuzzy evaluation is carried out, determines that elevator safety is protected in conjunction with each rule layer weight in above-mentioned steps (3)
The general safety situation of system.
2. as described in claim 1 based on level-fuzz method to the appraisal procedure of elevator safety guard system, it is characterised in that:
The risk factors collection of the step (1) carries out discriminance analysis using Delphi method.
3. as described in claim 1 based on level-fuzz method to the appraisal procedure of elevator safety guard system, it is characterised in that:
Indicator layer in the step (1) is further determined that on the basis of above-mentioned rule layer.
4. as described in claim 1 based on level-fuzz method to the appraisal procedure of elevator safety guard system, it is characterised in that:
Judgment matrix in the step (3) is referred to certain criterion index of same level with another criterion using 9 grades of scaling law constructions
Mark the significance level compared is indicated with the number of 1-9, and requires to be compared two-by-two between the index factor, is constructed
Symmetrical judgment matrix An=(aij)n×n, by the comparison result of i element and j element in a matrix with aijIt indicates, wherein AnFor list
Constructing matrix；N is the index number in rule layer；J is the sub- index number in rule layer；aijFor Indexes Comparison two-by-two
The judgment value of " significance level ".
5. as described in claim 1 based on level-fuzz method to the appraisal procedure of elevator safety guard system, it is characterised in that:
Rule layer weight and indicator layer weight in the step (4) by it is following it is various find out, find out factor of evaluation weight first
Vector approach Wi',Factor of evaluation weight vectors W is sought in renormalization processingi,aijFor the factor in judgment matrix.
6. as described in claim 1 based on level-fuzz method to the appraisal procedure of elevator safety guard system, it is characterised in that:
Determine consistency by introducing random consistency ratio CR, CR=CI/RI in the step (4), wherein
RI is Aver-age Random Consistency Index, and CI is coincident indicator, and the value of RI and the order of judgment matrix have relationship, when
When matrix order is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, corresponding RI is respectively 0,0,0.58,0.90,1.12,1.24,1.32,
1.41,1.45, when CR < 0.1, it is believed that judgment matrix has satisfied consistency, otherwise needs the element value to judgment matrix
It is adjusted, until CR < 0.1, then it is assumed that pass through consistency check.
7. as described in claim 1 based on level-fuzz method to the appraisal procedure of elevator safety guard system, it is characterised in that:
5 layers of risk are at least divided in the step (5), respectively " low-risk ", " compared with low-risk ", " average risk ", " higher
Risk " and " high risk ", and corresponding score value is assigned, correspond to " 1,2,3,4,5 ", on the basis of Preliminary Hazard Analysis
On, judge to survey the possible injury of component, and further analyze component with failure modes and effects analysis method, analyze
It influences other component brings, the risk of precise quantification all parts.
8. as described in claim 1 based on level-fuzz method to the appraisal procedure of elevator safety guard system, it is characterised in that:
Secondary fuzzy evaluation in the step (7) refers to the weight first according to each indicator layer componentWith risk Subject Matrix
Yk, pass through formulaLevel-one fuzzy evaluation is carried out, U is calculatedi, UiFor indicator layer risk Subject Matrix YkTo wind
The Membership Vestor of dangerous factor evaluation collection V；Then second level fuzzy evaluation is carried out, according to the weight W and level-one of each rule layer component
Evaluation result matrix R, R=(U1,U2,U3...Ui)T, by formula U=WR, U is calculated, U is rule layer risk factors pair
The Membership Vestor of risk factors evaluate collection.
9. as described in claim 1 based on level-fuzz method to the appraisal procedure of elevator safety guard system, it is characterised in that:
According to the rule layer risk factors obtained to the Membership Vestor of risk factors evaluate collection, normalized is then done, in conjunction with correspondence
Risk class value, obtain the value-at-risk of elevator safety guard system.
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| CN112036726A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-04 | 上海三菱电梯有限公司 | Elevator service quality evaluation method |
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| CN112966934A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-15 | 上海应用技术大学 | Facility equipment state evaluation method and system |
| CN112966939A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-15 | 浙江理工大学 | Elevator safety assessment method based on combined weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation |
| CN113269399A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-08-17 | 重庆千跬科技有限公司 | Automatic checking method and system for elevator quality safety |
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