CN112966212A - Multi-parameter real-time monitoring imaging system based on ultrasonic echo backscattering energy change - Google Patents

Multi-parameter real-time monitoring imaging system based on ultrasonic echo backscattering energy change Download PDF

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CN112966212A
CN112966212A CN202110179577.3A CN202110179577A CN112966212A CN 112966212 A CN112966212 A CN 112966212A CN 202110179577 A CN202110179577 A CN 202110179577A CN 112966212 A CN112966212 A CN 112966212A
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王弟亚
王巧
万明习
张蕾
徐鹏飞
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Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-parameter real-time monitoring imaging system based on ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change. Firstly, controlling ultrasonic treatment and imaging monitoring through a long-time and short-time sequence; collecting multi-frame ultrasonic enveloping data in real time in an ultrasonic monitoring short-time sequence; and then changing the length of an estimation window from coarse to fine, estimating window by window, traversing the whole single-frame ultrasonic enveloping energy data by a single pixel, calculating to obtain the back scattering energy change amount of the pixel point, then calculating a multi-time-space composite ultrasonic echo back scattering energy change mean value matrix, and finally realizing multi-parameter ultrasonic treatment real-time monitoring imaging through coordinate transformation and pseudo-color coding. Compared with the conventional ultrasonic parametric imaging, the multi-parameter real-time monitoring imaging based on the multi-space-time composite backscatter energy change is obviously improved in contrast and robustness.

Description

Multi-parameter real-time monitoring imaging system based on ultrasonic echo backscattering energy change
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic imaging, and particularly relates to a high-sensitivity multi-parameter ultrasonic treatment real-time monitoring imaging technology based on multi-space-time scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change.
Background
Ultrasound imaging has the advantages of no ionizing radiation, portability, compatibility and ease of integration in interventional procedures, and the ability to provide fast real-time feedback and target localization has been used to monitor and guide ultrasound therapy. Ultrasound therapy, including thermal ablation therapy, in which real-time ultrasound monitoring imaging is used for pre-treatment positioning, monitoring and feedback control during treatment, and post-operative assessment, has been widely used in the treatment of various solid tumors.
Imaging techniques based on ultrasound parameters can be used to improve the detection sensitivity of focal protein solidification, tissue ablation produced in radiofrequency, microwave and high intensity focused ultrasound treatments, and can also be used to assess the increase in temperature and energy deposition in focal tissue during and after treatment. The ultrasound parameters estimated from the ultrasound backscatter echoes include echo time shift, attenuation coefficient, K-parameter, Nakagami parameter, and the like. However, ultrasound imaging methods based on these parameters have low sensitivity for detecting temperature changes and tissue-related changes during heating, especially when the temperature-time heating strategy changes resulting in tissue heating kinetics changes during treatment, which may be limited in sensitivity and contrast.
Given the time shift of echo and the large attenuation of echo signals caused by motion and tissue protein solidification, backscatter energy variation techniques have been used to monitor temperature changes during treatment and have been continuously applied to 1D, 2D and 3D tests of small temperature changes in tissue protein solidification. However, the estimation of the backscatter energy change in the focal zone is affected by singular values at the fixed window length and window length boundaries, thermal expansion artifacts during treatment, acoustic velocity changes, and echo shift due to tissue contraction, which reduces the stability, robustness, and smoothness of the backscatter energy change estimation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-parameter real-time monitoring imaging system based on ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-parameter imaging method based on multi-space-time scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy changes comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring M frames of two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonic envelope energy data in real time;
2) respectively calculating the mean value of the backscattering energy change of pixel points of the mth frame of two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonic envelope energy data in each window length region according to the window length region with the variable estimation window length, wherein M is 1, 2, 3, … and M; then calculating the mean value of the back scattering energy change of the central pixel of the window length region under different estimation window lengths
Figure BDA0002941780770000021
Obtaining the mean value
Figure BDA0002941780770000022
A matrix;
3) mean from M frames of two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound envelope energy data
Figure BDA0002941780770000023
Matrix computing correspondences
Figure BDA0002941780770000024
Mean value of
Figure BDA0002941780770000025
4) Push button
Figure BDA0002941780770000026
Numerical phase extraction
Figure BDA0002941780770000027
And performing multi-parametric imaging.
Preferably, the step 1) specifically comprises the following steps:
1.1) during ultrasonic monitoring, carrying out envelope detection operation on original radio frequency data of an M (M is 1, 2, 3, …, M) th frame acquired from an ultrasonic imaging probe in real time to obtain an M-th frame of 2D ultrasonic envelope data R;
1.2) R-squaring the m-th frame of 2D ultrasound envelope dataObtaining the m frame 2D ultrasonic enveloping energy data R2(the quadratic power of the envelope data is the backscattering energy value), and the m-th frame of 2D ultrasonic envelope energy data R2And performing interpolation in the vertical direction of the beam emission of the ultrasonic imaging probe to obtain 2D ultrasonic envelope energy data with higher transverse resolution.
Preferably, the step 2) specifically comprises the following steps:
2.1) changing the length of an estimation window by taking the wavelength of a wave beam emitted by an ultrasonic imaging probe as a reference, estimating per window and traversing the whole single-frame 2D ultrasonic envelope energy data by a single pixel under each estimation window, and endowing the calculated average value of the backscattering energy change quantity of all pixel points in each specific window length region to a central pixel in the specific window length region to obtain the backscattering energy change quantity of the central pixel;
2.2) calculate the average of the amount of change in backscatter energy for all center pixels at the same position under the estimation window length.
Preferably, the estimation window length is expressed as:
wn＝n×λ，n＝1，2，3，…，N
where λ represents the wavelength and N represents the number of estimation window lengths.
Preferably, the amount of change in the backscatter energy of the pixel point is obtained by calculating the logarithm of the ratio of the 2D ultrasound envelope energy data of the pixel point to a reference.
Preferably, the average value of the amount of change in the backscatter energy of the central pixel is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002941780770000028
wherein eta isnAnd the average value of the backscattering energy change quantity of all pixel points in a certain window length area under the nth estimation window length is represented.
Preferably, in the step 3), the average value
Figure BDA0002941780770000029
Calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA00029417807700000210
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002941780770000031
corresponding to the m-th frame of ultrasound envelope energy data
Figure BDA0002941780770000032
Preferably, the step 3) further comprises the following steps: using mean of M-frame two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound envelope energy data
Figure BDA0002941780770000033
Matrix building three-dimensional (3D) means
Figure BDA0002941780770000034
And (4) matrix.
Preferably, the step 4) specifically comprises the following steps:
4.1) obtaining
Figure BDA0002941780770000035
The positive value component, the negative value component and the absolute value component are respectively subjected to coordinate transformation;
4.2) carrying out false color coding and imaging according to the positive value component, the negative value component and the absolute value component after coordinate transformation.
A multi-parameter ultrasonic therapy real-time monitoring imaging system based on multi-space-time scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change comprises synchronous waveform generation and trigger equipment used for controlling therapy and monitoring time sequence, an ultrasonic imaging probe used for receiving ultrasonic echo signals of a therapy area in the monitoring time sequence and ultrasonic acquisition and processing equipment connected with the ultrasonic imaging probe; the ultrasonic acquisition and processing equipment comprises an ultrasonic echo signal processing module, a central pixel backscatter energy change calculation module, a multi-space-time composite backscatter energy change calculation module and a multi-parameter ultrasonic imaging module, and is sequentially used for executing the steps 1 to 4.
Preferably, the synchronous waveform generating and triggering device is used for controlling the long-time sequence therapy and the short-time sequence monitoring imaging to be alternately carried out within one complete treatment time through the long-time sequence (the long-time sequence controls the ultrasonic therapy in a time-sharing mode, the long-time sequence is used for the treatment time, the short-time sequence controls the ultrasonic imaging monitoring in a time-sharing mode, and the short-time sequence is used for the ultrasonic imaging monitoring time).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the calculation of the back scattering energy change parameters of the multi-space-time scale composite ultrasonic echo, solves the problems of stability, robustness and smoothness of the back scattering energy change estimation reduced by echo migration, and realizes the ultrasonic monitoring imaging with obviously enhanced sensitivity and contrast in the ultrasonic treatment process.
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FIG. 1 is an overall flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, which are provided for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a high-sensitivity multi-parameter ultrasonic therapy real-time monitoring imaging method based on multi-space-time scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change for real-time accurate monitoring of a therapy area during ultrasonic therapy, and the core of the imaging method lies in calculation of multi-space-time scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change parameters.
Therefore, the invention controls the ultrasonic therapy and the ultrasonic imaging monitoring through the time-division sequence of long time and short time, and acquires M (M) in real time during the time-division sequence of the ultrasonic imaging monitoring>1) Frame two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound envelope data. Then, by changing the estimation window length from coarse to fine (namely from large to small), and carrying out window-by-window estimation and single-pixel traversal on the whole single-frame ultrasonic envelope energy data, calculating to obtain the variation of the backscattering energy of all pixel points in each specific window length regionConverting and assigning the mean value to the corresponding central pixel (i.e. using the mean value as the backscatter energy change of the central pixel); calculating the mean of the changes in the backscatter energy of all central pixels at the same position under the length of the estimation window
Figure BDA0002941780770000041
(the calculation may involve only the central pixel overlapping at all positions under the estimation window length, or the central pixel at the peripheral position determined under the smaller estimation window length may be used to perform coverage compensation on the central pixel at the corresponding position not included under the larger estimation window length, so as to perform the superposition averaging of the backscatter energy changes according to the set certain estimation window length, for example, the positions of all the central pixels included under the minimum estimation window length), and obtain the two-dimensional (2D) corresponding to the M (M is 1, 2, 3, …, M) th frame ultrasound envelope energy data
Figure BDA0002941780770000042
Matrix and corresponding three-dimensional (3D)
Figure BDA0002941780770000043
The matrix is used for calculating the two-dimensional (2D) corresponding to all the M frames of ultrasonic envelope energy data
Figure BDA0002941780770000044
Mean matrix of the matrix, resulting in a multi-spatio-temporal composite two-dimensional (2D)
Figure BDA0002941780770000045
And (4) matrix. Last press
Figure BDA0002941780770000046
Numerical phases respectively obtained
Figure BDA0002941780770000047
The different components are subjected to coordinate transformation and pseudo-color coding to obtain multi-parameter ultrasonic treatment real-time monitoring imaging based on multi-space-time scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change.
The high-sensitivity multi-parameter ultrasonic treatment real-time monitoring imaging method based on the multi-space-time scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change specifically comprises the following steps (figure 1):
(1) a long-time sequence (duty ratio: 90% -97%) mainly for ultrasound therapy (high/low intensity ultrasound therapy) and a short-time sequence (duty ratio: 3% -10%) for ultrasound imaging monitoring are set. And alternately carrying out long-time sequence treatment and short-time sequence ultrasonic imaging monitoring within one complete treatment time.
(2) Monitoring a short-time sequence t in ultrasound imagingmThe ultrasonic imaging probe emits ultrasonic beams to a treatment area and receives ultrasonic echo signals in real time, M frames of original radio frequency data are obtained through acquisition, and M frames of 2D ultrasonic envelope data R are obtained through envelope detection operation (such as Hilbert transform).
(3) Squaring the 2D ultrasonic envelope data R, and obtaining the 2D ultrasonic envelope energy data R after R squaring the envelope data R2And performing interpolation in the vertical direction of the beam emission of the ultrasonic imaging probe (to improve the transverse resolution) to obtain interpolated 2D ultrasonic envelope energy data.
(4) Setting the length w of an estimation window by taking the wavelength lambda of an ultrasonic beam emitted by an ultrasonic imaging probe as a referencen(wnN x λ, N1, 2, 3, …, N being the number of estimation window lengths, N ≦ 15), and then by the set maximum estimation window length (window length region w)N×wN) To the minimum estimated window length (window length region w)1×w1) I.e. from coarse to fine, window by window (in particular window length region w)n×wn) Ultrasound envelope energy data (referred to as interpolated 2D ultrasound envelope energy data) is estimated, one pixel (window moving step is one pixel) over the entire single frame (mth frame, M is 1, 2, 3, …, M).
(5) In the traversal, corresponding 2D ultrasonic envelope energy data before treatment (before the set first ultrasonic treatment long-time sequence) is taken as a reference datum, and the logarithm of the ratio of the 2D ultrasonic envelope energy data of each pixel to the reference datum is calculated to obtain each specific window length area (w) in the treatment processn×wn) The variation of the respective back scattering energy of all the internal pixel points is as follows:
Figure BDA0002941780770000051
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002941780770000052
representing 2D ultrasonic enveloping energy data of any pixel point in a specific window length region after interpolation,
Figure BDA0002941780770000053
2D ultrasonic enveloping energy data (namely adopted reference datum) of the pixel point in a specific window length region before treatment is represented;
the mean value (eta) of the back scattering energy change quantity of all pixel points in a specific window length regionn) And assigning a central pixel point (central pixel for short) in the window length region.
(6) Repeating step (5) and calculating all estimated window lengths (w)nN × λ, N is 1, 2, 3, …, N), and the mean of the changes of the backscatter energy of the corresponding center pixel points
Figure BDA0002941780770000054
Thereby obtaining corresponding 2D
Figure BDA0002941780770000055
Matrix:
Figure BDA0002941780770000056
(7) repeating the operation step (6) frame by frame for all M frames of ultrasonic enveloping energy data in the whole ultrasonic imaging monitoring short-time sequence to obtain three dimensions (3D) corresponding to the M frames of ultrasonic enveloping energy data
Figure BDA0002941780770000057
Matrix (phase contrast)
Figure BDA0002941780770000058
Further increase of the matrixPlus the spatial dimension).
(8) Calculating multiple spatio-temporal compositions according to the formula
Figure BDA0002941780770000059
Mean value
Figure BDA00029417807700000510
Matrix:
Figure BDA00029417807700000511
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00029417807700000512
corresponding to the ultrasonic envelope energy data of the M (M-1, 2, 3, …, M) th frame
Figure BDA00029417807700000513
Is a short-time sequence tmInner variable window length region (w)nN x λ) of the complex space-time complex.
(9) Push button
Figure BDA00029417807700000514
Numerical phases, can be obtained separately
Figure BDA00029417807700000515
The obtained values of different components are subjected to coordinate transformation according to the rules of different imaging transducers to obtain the values under the corresponding imaging Cartesian coordinate system
Figure BDA00029417807700000516
(10) After transformation according to coordinates
Figure BDA00029417807700000517
The positive value component, the negative value component and the absolute value component are subjected to pseudo color coding to obtain a composite matrix based on multiple space-time scalesThree-parameter ultrasonic therapy real-time monitoring imaging of ultrasonic echo backscatter energy changes.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. a calculation method for ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change under the compounding of multiple space-time scales is provided, and the stability, robustness and smoothness of estimation are improved.
2. The sensitivity and contrast of ultrasonic imaging real-time monitoring ultrasonic therapy are improved.
3. A monitoring imaging method based on multi-parameter ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change provides multi-angle representation for ultrasonic therapy monitoring.

Claims (10)

1. A multi-parameter imaging method based on multi-space-time scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring M frames of 2D ultrasonic enveloping energy data in real time;
2) calculating the mean value of the backscattering energy change of pixel points of the mth frame of 2D ultrasonic envelope energy data in each window length region according to the window length region with the variable estimation window length, wherein M is 1, 2, 3, … and M; then calculating the mean value of the back scattering energy change of the central pixel of the window length region under different estimation window lengths
Figure FDA0002941780760000011
Obtaining the mean value
Figure FDA0002941780760000012
A matrix;
3) mean from M frame 2D ultrasound envelope energy data
Figure FDA0002941780760000015
Matrix computing correspondences
Figure FDA0002941780760000013
Mean value of
Figure FDA0002941780760000014
4) Push button
Figure FDA0002941780760000017
Numerical phase extraction
Figure FDA0002941780760000016
And performing multi-parametric imaging.
2. The multi-parameter imaging method based on the multi-spatio-temporal scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change of claim 1, characterized in that: the step 1) specifically comprises the following steps:
1.1) during the ultrasonic monitoring, carrying out envelope detection operation on the mth frame of original radio frequency data acquired from an ultrasonic imaging probe in real time to obtain the mth frame of 2D ultrasonic envelope data R;
1.2) squaring the m frame of 2D ultrasonic enveloping data R to obtain the m frame of 2D ultrasonic enveloping energy data R2The m frame of 2D ultrasonic envelope energy data R2And carrying out interpolation in the vertical direction of the beam emission of the ultrasonic imaging probe.
3. The multi-parameter imaging method based on the multi-spatio-temporal scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change of claim 1, characterized in that: the step 2) specifically comprises the following steps:
2.1) changing the length of an estimation window by taking the wavelength of a wave beam emitted by an ultrasonic imaging probe as a reference, estimating per window and traversing the whole single-frame 2D ultrasonic envelope energy data by a single pixel under each estimation window, and endowing the calculated average value of the backscattering energy change quantity of all pixel points in each specific window length region to a central pixel in the specific window length region to obtain the backscattering energy change quantity of the central pixel;
2.2) calculate the average of the amount of change in backscatter energy for all center pixels at the same position under the estimation window length.
4. The multi-parameter imaging method based on the multi-spatio-temporal scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change of claim 3, characterized in that: the estimation window length is expressed as:
wn＝n×λ，n＝1，2，3，…，N
where λ represents the wavelength and N represents the number of estimation window lengths.
5. The multi-parameter imaging method based on the multi-spatio-temporal scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change of claim 3, characterized in that: the backscattering energy change quantity of the pixel point is obtained by calculating the logarithm of the ratio of the 2D ultrasonic enveloping energy data of the pixel point to the reference datum.
6. The multi-parameter imaging method based on the multi-spatio-temporal scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change of claim 3, characterized in that: the average value of the amount of change in the backscatter energy of the center pixel is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002941780760000021
wherein eta isnAnd the average value of the backscattering energy change quantity of all pixel points in a certain window length area under the nth estimation window length is represented.
7. The multi-parameter imaging method based on the multi-spatio-temporal scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change of claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3), mean value
Figure FDA0002941780760000022
Calculated according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002941780760000023
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002941780760000024
corresponding to the m-th frame of ultrasound envelope energy data
Figure FDA0002941780760000025
8. The multi-parameter imaging method based on the multi-spatio-temporal scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change of claim 1, characterized in that: the step 3) further comprises the following steps: averaging using M-frame 2D ultrasound envelope energy data
Figure FDA0002941780760000026
Matrix building three-dimensional mean
Figure FDA0002941780760000027
And (4) matrix.
9. The multi-parameter imaging method based on the multi-spatio-temporal scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy change of claim 1, characterized in that: the step 4) specifically comprises the following steps:
4.1) obtaining
Figure FDA0002941780760000028
The positive value component, the negative value component and the absolute value component are respectively subjected to coordinate transformation;
4.2) carrying out false color coding and imaging according to the positive value component, the negative value component and the absolute value component after coordinate transformation.
10. A multi-parameter ultrasonic therapy real-time monitoring imaging system based on multi-space-time scale composite ultrasonic echo backscatter energy changes is characterized in that: the ultrasonic diagnosis and treatment system comprises synchronous waveform generation and trigger equipment for controlling treatment and monitoring time sequence, an ultrasonic imaging probe for receiving ultrasonic echo signals of a treatment area in the monitoring time sequence and ultrasonic acquisition and processing equipment connected with the ultrasonic imaging probe; the ultrasonic acquisition and processing equipment comprises an ultrasonic echo signal processing module, a central pixel backscatter energy change calculation module, a multi-space-time composite backscatter energy change calculation module and a multi-parameter ultrasonic imaging module;
the ultrasonic echo signal processing module is used for acquiring M-frame 2D ultrasonic enveloping energy data according to ultrasonic echo radio frequency data acquired from the ultrasonic imaging probe in real time;
the central pixel backscattering energy change calculation module is used for calculating the mean value of the backscattering energy change of pixel points of single-frame 2D ultrasonic enveloping energy data in each window length region according to the traversal of the window length region with the variable estimation window length and calculating the mean value of the backscattering energy change of the central pixel of the window length region under different estimation window lengths
Figure FDA0002941780760000031
The multi-space-time composite backscatter energy change calculation module is used for calculating the mean value of the M frames of 2D ultrasonic envelope energy data
Figure FDA0002941780760000032
Calculating the mean value
Figure FDA0002941780760000033
The multi-parameter ultrasonic imaging module is used for pressing
Figure FDA0002941780760000034
Numerical phase extraction
Figure FDA0002941780760000035
And performing multi-parameter imaging based on the change of the back scattering energy of the multi-space-time scale composite ultrasonic echo.
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