CN112965386A - Coal water slurry gasification and coal-fired boiler ultra-low NOx emission integrated cooperative control method - Google Patents
Coal water slurry gasification and coal-fired boiler ultra-low NOx emission integrated cooperative control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A coal water slurry gasification and coal-fired boiler ultralow NOx emission integrated cooperative control method adopts a dual-input and dual-output control model, takes the control of a front-end equipment coal water slurry pyrolysis gasification furnace and the control of a rear-end equipment coal-fired boiler for reducing NOx emission under different loads into consideration as an integral system, and can realize integrated cooperative control of a plurality of equipment in the same group. The invention takes the outlet pressure signal of the coal water slurry gasification furnace as a control signal for judging whether the gas production of the pyrolysis synthesis gas of the front-end equipment is balanced with the synthesis gas demand of the rear-end equipment, and a curve function of the relation between the operation load of the rear-end equipment and the coal slurry flow of the front-end equipment is taken as a feed-forward signal, thereby judging whether a plurality of control quantities (the gas production and the demand of the synthesis gas, the load of the boiler, the gas production and the like) of the two equipment (the coal water slurry gasification furnace and the coal-fired boiler) are matched and linked together to form an integrated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of thermal power generation, in particular to a coal water slurry gasification pretreatment and coal-fired boiler ultra-low NOx emission integrated cooperative control method, which can achieve the emission concentration of nitrogen oxides not higher than 50mg/Nm3Ultra-low emission standards.
Background
On the basis of the current national standard GB13223-2011 for atmospheric pollutant emission of thermal power plants, in order to further control pollutant emission of the coal and electricity industry, the environmental protection department, the national institute of improvement and energy resources jointly issue a coal and electricity energy conservation and emission reduction upgrading and transformation action plan (2014-dein 2020), documents strictly control atmospheric pollutant emission, and put forward more strict requirements on ultralow emission in developed regions in the east, namely that emission concentrations of smoke dust, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are respectively not higher than 10mg/Nm3、35mg/Nm3、50mg/Nm3。
The existing coal-fired boiler flue gas pollutant ultra-low emission cooperative control technology mainly aims at different pollutants (such as smoke dust and SO) in flue gas2And NOx, etc.), while removing the main pollutants, a technique that provides favorable conditions for removing other pollutants is considered. In the prior art, coal water slurry pyrolysis gasification and ammonia composite reduction are adopted in a coal-fired boiler to realize ultralow NOx emission, and the combination of coal water slurry gasification furnace multi-variable control and coal-fired boiler ultralow emission control is not considered to form an integrated cooperative control system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a coal water slurry gasification and coal-fired boiler ultralow emission integrated cooperative control method aiming at the defect that the control of a coal water slurry gasification furnace and the ultralow emission control of a coal-fired boiler cannot be linked to form integrated cooperative control in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to an integrated cooperative control method for coal water slurry gasification and ultra-low NOx emission of a coal-fired boiler, which comprises the steps of constructing a dynamic model based on a dual-input and dual-output system of a coal water slurry gasification furnace, and obtaining a decoupling loop for controlling the pressure and decoupling the temperature of pyrolysis synthesis gas at an outlet of the coal water slurry gasification furnace through feedforward decouplingA loop; actually measured outlet pressure P and pressure given value P of the coal water slurry gasification furnace0The differential value of the pressure control decoupling loop is input into the pressure control decoupling loop, and the PID controller of the pressure control decoupling loop outputs and controls the coal slurry input flow control valve K of the coal water slurry gasification furnace1The control signal of (2); actually measured outlet temperature T and temperature given value T of the coal water slurry gasification furnace0The difference value is input into a temperature control decoupling loop, and the PID controller of the temperature control decoupling loop outputs and controls an air input flow control valve K of the coal water slurry gasification furnace2The control signal of (2).
When coal slurry is input into the flow control valve K1When the air quantity is changed, the change of the air quantity corresponding to the change is a fixed function relation f1(x) Determination, i.e. variation of the input flow of the slurry via a function f1(x) Is calculated to change the air input flow control valve K accordingly2。
When the load of the coal-fired boiler changes, the coal-water slurry gasification furnace control system receives the operating parameters of the coal-fired boiler of the DCS of the generator set and passes through a curve function f of the relation between the boiler load and the coal slurry flow according to the load change of the coal-fired boiler2(x) The calculation is carried out, the calculation result is taken as a feedforward signal to be input into the pressure control decoupling loop, and the feedforward signal and the output signal of the PID controller of the pressure control decoupling loop are added to jointly control the coal slurry input flow control valve K of the coal water slurry gasification furnace1。
The dynamic model based on the double-input and double-output system of the coal water slurry gasification furnace takes the flow rate and the air flow rate of the coal water slurry input into the gasification furnace as input control signals and takes the pressure and the temperature of the synthetic gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace as output controlled signals, wherein: the temperature of the outlet of the gasification furnace ensures the normal reaction of the water-coal-slurry gasification furnace, and the pressure of the outlet of the gasification furnace ensures the matching of the gas production of the gasification furnace synthesis gas and the flow of the synthesis gas needed by entering the coal-fired boiler, and the gas production is used as a control index for whether the gas production is balanced with the synthesis gas demand of the coal-fired boiler.
The dynamic model based on the double-input and double-output system of the coal water slurry gasification furnace is as follows:
wherein: p is the outlet pressure of the gasification furnace; t is the outlet temperature of the gasification furnace; m is the coal slurry input flow; a is the air input flow; g11(s) is a transfer function of coal slurry flow to gasifier outlet pressure; g12(s) is a transfer function of air flow to gasifier outlet pressure; g21(s) is a transfer function of the coal slurry flow rate to the gasifier outlet temperature; g22(s) is a transfer function of air flow to gasifier exit temperature; s is the laplace operator.
Said fixed functional relationship f1(x) The method comprises the following steps: y isair＝4444.44×Mcoal×McX, wherein: x is the flow rate of the coal water slurry and t/h; y isairIs the air flow rate, Nm3/h；McoalThe content of coal in the coal water slurry is percent; mcIs the carbon content of coal,%.
The DCS system of the generator set is as follows: and the coal water slurry gasification furnace control system receives the coal-fired boiler operation parameters of the DCS system of the generator set.
The operating parameters of the coal-fired boiler comprise: coal-fired boiler high-temperature superheater outlet steam pressure pgrAnd temperature tgrAnd steam flow rate D0。
The ultra-low NOx emission control system of the pulverized coal fired boiler comprises: monitoring of the equipment for compositely reducing NOx by pyrolysis synthesis gas and ammonia is connected to a DCS (distributed control system) of the generator set, and the flow of the pyrolysis synthesis gas and the flow of the ammonia entering the pulverized coal boiler are controlled so as to meet the requirement of ultralow NOx emission.
The relation curve function f of the boiler load and the coal slurry flow2(x) The method comprises the following steps: according to the outlet steam pressure p of the coal-fired boiler high-temperature superheater received by the DCS system of the generator setgrAnd temperature tgrAnd fitting and calculating to obtain an enthalpy value i of the outlet superheated steamgrI.e. igr＝i(pgr，tgr) (ii) a Then the flow D of the steam at the outlet of the high-temperature superheater of the coal-fired boiler0And calculating to obtain the heat consumption Q of the coal-fired boilerglI.e. by
Wherein: qgsThe total heat of the boiler feed water is approximately obtained by rated working condition parameters and is set as a fixed value; etaglThe boiler efficiency can be a numerical value under a rated working condition and set as a fixed value; receiving real-time parameters of the coal-fired boiler and boiler heat consumption Q through a DCS (distributed control System) of the generator setglHeat consumption Q under rated working conditiongl0By subtraction, i.e. x-Qgl-Qgl0As the variable quantity of the boiler load, the function f of the relation curve of the boiler load and the coal slurry flow is used2(x) The flow rate variation Δ M of the coal slurry, i.e., Δ M ═ f, is obtained by the calculation of (1)2(Qgl-Qgl0) Wherein: f. of2() The method is obtained by fitting in a real furnace field test.
Technical effects
The invention aims at the coal-fired boiler to realize the ultra-low NOx emission by adopting the technology of reducing the NOx emission by the coal-water slurry pyrolysis gasification and the ammonia composite reduction, takes the control of the coal-water slurry pyrolysis gasification furnace of the front-end equipment and the control of the coal-fired boiler of the rear-end equipment for reducing the NOx emission under different loads as an integral system into consideration, and solves the defect that the operation working conditions are difficult to match because the two equipment are lack of connection and signal transmission in the prior art.
The method avoids the calculation of the required amount of the pyrolysis synthesis gas of the coal-fired boiler, which is difficult to estimate due to the influence of various interference factors, and the measurement of the effective flow of the pyrolysis synthesis gas, which is difficult to actually measure due to the change of the components of the pyrolysis synthesis gas; the operation parameters of the coal-fired boiler are input into the control system of the gasification furnace, and the curve function of the relation between the boiler load and the coal slurry flow is taken as a feedforward signal, so that the integrated cooperative control of a plurality of devices in the same group can be realized. The invention takes the outlet pressure signal of the coal water slurry gasification furnace as a control signal for judging whether the gas production of the pyrolysis synthesis gas of the front-end equipment is balanced with the synthesis gas demand of the rear-end equipment, and a curve function of the relation between the operation load of the rear-end equipment and the coal slurry flow of the front-end equipment is taken as a feed-forward signal, thereby judging whether a plurality of control quantities (the gas production and the demand of the synthesis gas, the load of the boiler, the gas production and the like) of the two equipment (the coal water slurry gasification furnace and the coal-fired boiler) are matched and linked together to form an integrated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the present invention;
in the figure:
the two input signals of the control system diagram are determined by signs to be addition or subtraction points or synthesis points;
FIG. 2 is a functional diagram of an embodiment.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to an integrated cooperative control method for matching coal-water slurry pyrolysis gasification control with coal-fired boiler ultra-low NOx emission control, which includes:
step 1) the actually measured pressure P and temperature T of the pyrolysis synthesis gas at the outlet of the coal water slurry gasification furnace are respectively compared with a given pressure value P0And a given value of temperature T0Comparing, inputting the pressure difference and the temperature difference into a dual-input and dual-output control system of the coal water slurry gasification furnace as controlled input signals, and respectively controlling the coal slurry flow of the coal water slurry gasification furnace by the obtained output signals1And air flow input control valve K2。
The double-input and double-output control system of the water-coal-slurry gasification furnace comprises: based on coal slurry gasification stove dual input-dual output system dynamic model, feedforward decoupler and PID controller, wherein: the feedforward decoupler is obtained by decoupling a dynamic model based on a dual-input and dual-output system of the coal water slurry gasification furnace: firstly, a decoupling object model of a gasification furnace outlet pressure output signal corresponding to a coal water slurry flow input signal and a decoupling object model of a gasification furnace outlet temperature output signal corresponding to an air flow input signal; setting PID controller parameters based on a decoupling object model, and forming: firstly, the pressure difference value of the outlet of the coal water slurry gasification furnace is taken as an input signal and a coal water slurry flow control valve K of the coal water slurry gasification furnace is controlled1A pressure control decoupling loop and a second step of controlling the air flow control valve K of the water-coal-slurry gasification furnace by taking the temperature difference value of the outlet of the water-coal-slurry gasification furnace as an input signal2The temperature control decoupling loop of (1); when in usePressure control decoupling loop coal slurry flow control valve K1When the air quantity is changed, the change of the air quantity corresponding to the change is a fixed function relation f1(x) Calculated to change the air flow control valve K accordingly2(ii) a The system also receives the coal-fired boiler operation parameters of the DCS system of the generator set, and the parameters are processed through a curve function f of the relation between the boiler load and the coal slurry flow2(x) The calculation result is used as a feedforward signal to be input into a pressure control decoupling loop to change a coal slurry flow control valve K1。
The measured pressure P and the given pressure P at the outlet of the gasification furnace0The difference value reflects whether the gas yield of the synthetic gas pyrolyzed by the gasification furnace meets the demand of the synthetic gas due to ultralow NOx emission of the coal-fired boiler.
The coal slurry flow is input into a control valve K1The control signal is the measured pressure P and the pressure given value P of the outlet of the gasification furnace0The deviation value is input into a pressure control loop after the decoupling of a double-input and double-output control system of the coal water slurry gasification furnace and is input into a PID (proportion integration differentiation) control loop1Determined by the output signal calculated by the controller, PID1The controller is characterized by the following specific mathematical characteristics:
in the experimental simulation, the following results can be obtained through parameter setting: kp1＝9，Ti1＝4，Td1＝40。
As shown in FIG. 2, the change of the amount of the coal slurry and the change of the amount of the air required correspondingly are in a fixed functional relationship f1(x) Determining, i.e. the variation of the flow rate of the slurry being defined by the function f1(x) Correspondingly changing the air flow rate so as to change the yield of the pyrolysis synthesis gas of the gasification furnace, specifically: y isair＝4444.44×Mcoal×Mc×X。
For example, a carbon molecule reacts with one-half oxygen molecule to produce carbon monoxide (CO), the following equation applies:
finishing to obtain: y isair＝f1(X)＝4444.44×Mcoal×McX when Mcoal＝60％，McWhen 60%, then Yair＝f1(X) ═ 1600X, where: x is the flow rate of the coal water slurry and t/h; y isairIs the air flow rate, Nm3/h；McoalThe content of coal in the coal water slurry is percent; mcIs the carbon content of coal,%.
The air flow input control valve K2The control signal is the measured temperature T and the given temperature T of the outlet of the gasification furnace0The deviation value is input into a temperature control loop after the decoupling of a double-input and double-output control system of the coal water slurry gasification furnace and is input into a PID (proportion integration differentiation) control loop2The output signal after calculation of the controller is superposed by a function f1(x) Determined by the calculated signal, PID2The controller is characterized by the following specific mathematical characteristics:
When the coal slurry amount is given, the amount of air entering the gasification furnace determines the combustion pyrolysis process in the gasification furnace, and the temperature T and the temperature given value T can be measured through the outlet of the gasification furnace0The deviation value of (a) reflects the pyrolysis condition.
Step 2) when the load of the coal-fired boiler changes in the operation process of the step 1, the coal-water slurry gasification furnace dual-input-dual-output control system receives the operation parameters of the coal-fired boiler through the communication of the operation parameters of the coal-fired boiler and passes through a curve function of the relation between the boiler load and the coal slurry flow, namely a fixed function relation f in the graph 22(x) The calculation result is used as a feedforward signal, is input into the pressure control loop after the decoupling of the double-input and double-output control system of the coal water slurry gasification furnace again, and is added with the output signal of the PID controller to jointly control the coal slurry input flow control valve K of the coal water slurry gasification furnace1While at the same time by the function f1(x) The air flow rate is changed accordingly, thereby realizing feed-forward control. Boiler load and coal slurryFlow rate dependence curve function f2(x) When the load of the coal-fired boiler changes, the signal can be immediately input into the water-coal slurry control system as a feedforward signal, and the coal slurry amount and the air amount are correspondingly changed, so that the advanced control effect is realized; more importantly, the feed-forward signal closely links the control system of the coal water slurry gasification furnace and the ultra-low NOx emission control of the coal-fired boiler when the load changes, so as to form an integrated cooperative control method.
The relation curve function f of the boiler load and the coal slurry flow2(x) Comprises the following steps: Δ M ═ f2(Qgl-Qgl0) Wherein: Δ M is the amount of change in the flow rate of the slurry, QglFor real-time calculation of the resulting boiler heat consumption, Qgl0The heat consumption under rated working condition; f. of2() The method is obtained by fitting in a real furnace field test.
In conclusion, in the technology that the coal-fired boiler adopts the coal-water slurry pyrolysis synthesis gas and ammonia composite reduction to reduce the NOx emission and realize the ultra-low NOx emission, whether a plurality of control quantities (synthesis gas yield and demand, boiler load and gas yield) of two devices (a coal-water slurry gasification furnace and the coal-fired boiler) are matched with each other or not is controlled as an integral system; the synthesis gas pressure at the outlet of the coal water slurry gasification furnace is used as a control index for balancing the gas production and the synthesis gas demand of the coal-fired boiler, so that the calculation of the pyrolysis synthesis gas demand of the coal-fired boiler, which is difficult to estimate due to the influence of various interference factors, and the measurement of the effective flow of the pyrolysis synthesis gas, which is difficult to actually measure due to the component change of the pyrolysis synthesis gas, are avoided; and inputting the operation parameters of the coal-fired boiler into a gasifier control system, and taking a curve function of the relation between the boiler load and the coal slurry flow as a feedforward signal, thereby realizing the integrated cooperative control of a plurality of devices in the same group.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (7)
1. An integrated cooperative control method for coal water slurry gasification and ultra-low NOx emission of a coal-fired boiler is characterized in that a dynamic model based on a dual-input and dual-output system of a coal water slurry gasification furnace is constructed, and a pressure control decoupling loop and a temperature control decoupling loop for pyrolysis synthesis gas at an outlet of the coal water slurry gasification furnace are obtained through feedforward decoupling; actually measured outlet pressure P and pressure given value P of the coal water slurry gasification furnace0The differential value of the pressure control decoupling loop is input into the pressure control decoupling loop, and the PID controller of the pressure control decoupling loop outputs and controls the coal slurry input flow control valve K of the coal water slurry gasification furnace1The control signal of (2); actually measured outlet temperature T and temperature given value T of the coal water slurry gasification furnace0The difference value is input into a temperature control decoupling loop, and the PID controller of the temperature control decoupling loop outputs and controls an air input flow control valve K of the coal water slurry gasification furnace2The control signal of (2);
when coal slurry is input into the flow control valve K1When the air quantity is changed, the change of the air quantity corresponding to the change is a fixed function relation f1(x) Determination, i.e. variation of the input flow of the slurry via a function f1(x) Is calculated to change the air input flow control valve K accordingly2；
When the load of the coal-fired boiler changes, the coal-water slurry gasification furnace control system receives the operating parameters of the coal-fired boiler of the DCS of the generator set and passes through a curve function f of the relation between the boiler load and the coal slurry flow according to the load change of the coal-fired boiler2(x) The calculation is carried out, the calculation result is taken as a feedforward signal to be input into the pressure control decoupling loop, and the feedforward signal and the output signal of the PID controller of the pressure control decoupling loop are added to jointly control the coal slurry input flow control valve K of the coal water slurry gasification furnace1。
2. The integrated cooperative control method for coal-water slurry gasification and ultra-low NOx emission of a coal-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic model based on the dual-input and dual-output system of the coal-water slurry gasification furnace takes the flow rate and air flow rate of the coal-water slurry input into the gasification furnace as input control signals and takes the pressure and temperature of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace as output controlled signals, wherein: the temperature of the outlet of the gasification furnace ensures the normal reaction of the water-coal-slurry gasification furnace, and the pressure of the outlet of the gasification furnace ensures the matching of the gas production of the gasification furnace synthesis gas and the flow of the synthesis gas needed by entering the coal-fired boiler, and the gas production is used as a control index for whether the gas production is balanced with the synthesis gas demand of the coal-fired boiler.
3. The integrated cooperative control method for coal-water slurry gasification and ultra-low NOx emission of a coal-fired boiler according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dynamic model based on the dual-input and dual-output system of the coal-water slurry gasification furnace is as follows:
wherein: p is the outlet pressure of the gasification furnace; t is the outlet temperature of the gasification furnace; m is the coal slurry input flow; a is the air input flow; g11(s) is a transfer function of coal slurry flow to gasifier outlet pressure; g12(s) is a transfer function of air flow to gasifier outlet pressure; g21(s) is a transfer function of the coal slurry flow rate to the gasifier outlet temperature; g22(s) is a transfer function of air flow to gasifier exit temperature; s is the laplace operator.
4. The integrated cooperative control method for coal-water slurry gasification and ultra-low NOx emission of coal-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein the fixed functional relationship f1(x) The method comprises the following steps: y isair＝4444.44×Mcoal×McX, wherein: x is the flow rate of the coal water slurry and t/h; y isairIs the air flow rate, Nm3/h；McoalThe content of coal in the coal water slurry is percent; mcIs the carbon content of coal,%.
5. The integrated cooperative control method for coal water slurry gasification and ultra-low NOx emission of a coal-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein the DCS system of the generator set is characterized in that: and the coal water slurry gasification furnace control system receives the coal-fired boiler operation parameters of the DCS system of the generator set.
6. The integrated cooperative control method for coal-water slurry gasification and ultra-low NOx emission of coal-fired boiler as claimed in claim 5, wherein said curve function f of relationship between boiler load and coal slurry flow rate2(x) The method comprises the following steps: according to the outlet steam pressure p of the coal-fired boiler high-temperature superheater received by the DCS system of the generator setgrAnd temperature tgrAnd fitting and calculating to obtain an enthalpy value i of the outlet superheated steamgrI.e. igr＝i(pgr，tgr) (ii) a Then the flow D of the steam at the outlet of the high-temperature superheater of the coal-fired boiler0And calculating to obtain the heat consumption Q of the coal-fired boilerglI.e. by
Wherein: qgsThe total heat of the boiler feed water is approximately obtained by rated working condition parameters and is set as a fixed value; etaglFor the efficiency of the boiler, the real-time parameters of the coal-fired boiler and the boiler heat consumption Q received by the DCS of the generator setglHeat consumption Q under rated working conditiongl0By subtraction, i.e. x-Qgl-Qgl0As the variable quantity of the boiler load, the function f of the relation curve of the boiler load and the coal slurry flow is used2(x) The flow rate variation Δ M of the coal slurry, i.e., Δ M ═ f, is obtained by the calculation of (1)2(Qgl-Qgl0) Wherein: f. of2() The method is obtained by fitting in a real furnace field test.
7. The integrated coal-water slurry gasification and coal-fired boiler ultra-low NOx emission cooperative control method according to claim 5, wherein the coal-fired boiler operation parameters comprise: coal-fired boiler high-temperature superheater outlet steam pressure pgrAnd temperature tgrAnd steam flow rate D0。
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| CN114011865A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | Multivariable decoupling control method applied to soil vapor extraction equipment |
| CN114655924A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-06-24 | 西安交通大学 | Yield regulation and control system and method for coal supercritical water gasification hydrogen production |
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