CN105955020A - Coal water slurry gasification process DMC-PID multivariable control method - Google Patents
Coal water slurry gasification process DMC-PID multivariable control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coal water slurry gasification process DMC-PID multivariable control method, concretely a coal water slurry gasification process multivariable control method by employing a dynamic matrix control and proportion-integral-differential control cascade control system (hereinafter referred to as a DMC-PID control method). A coal water slurry gasification process control system is characterized in that charging flow control mainly comprises coal water slurry flow cascade control and oxygen coal ratio cascade control; the core of vaporizer control is gasifier hearth temperature control; quenching chamber control mainly comprises quenching water flow and raw gas temperature cascade control. In the adjustable range of manipulated variables, the DMC-PID control method can control coal gasification process main manipulated variables in an industrial requirement range, thereby effectively solving the problems such as multivariable coupling between a gasification temperature and a synthetic gas yield in a coal water slurry gasification process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of course control method for use in Coal Chemical Industry and automation field, specifically, be water-coal-slurry gas
The DMC-PID multi-variant control method of change process.
Background technology
Rich coal resources in China, within 2013, coal resources proved reserves are 114,500,000,000 tons, occupy third place in the world.But,
Coal in China utilization rate overall efficiency is low, seriously polluted at present.Coal Gasification Technology is the core technology of Coal Clean Efficient Conversion,
Relatively traditional coal utilization of resources technology, Coal Gasification Technology has absolute advantage in terms of environmental conservation and resources effective utilization, because of
This, Coal Gasification Technology obtains commercial Application widely.
In coal gasification course, gasification furnace is the nucleus equipment of coal gasification course.Chilling-type coal water slurry gasification furnace body is permissible
Being divided into vaporizer and shock chamber, sprayed into that gasification furnace is interior and oxygen reaction after water-coal-slurry is pressurized by nozzle, reactant is at height
Under temperature high pressure after pyrolysis, burning and coking produce the mixture such as synthesis gas, synthesis gas leaves gasification furnace roof by chilling ring
Portion enter bottom cooling chamber, after shock chamber carries out water Quench, synthesis gas leaves and enters other equipment bottom gasification furnace and enter
Row postorder processes, and in slag, most bituminous coal and water, macromolecular compound is periodically discharged by bottom gasification furnace.Coal gas
Change reaction to be represented by formula (1-1):
Coal→α1H2+α2CO+α3CH4+α4CO2+α5H2O+α6H2S+α7N2+α8Ash+α9Char (1-1)
Wherein, α1-α9For component coefficient each in coal gasification course, its along with the difference of ature of coal, feed water coal-water fluid concentration and
Oxygen coal ratio etc. changes.Additionally, the primary product of this gasification reaction is referred to as effective gas, mainly by CO, H2And CH4Composition, be
Make the main source of the chemical products such as hydrogen, methanol and synthetic natural gas.
PID controller, due to simple, understandable, in use need not accurate system etc. and obtains the widest in the industrial production
General application.But, in gasification, influence each other between gasification temperature and synthesis gas yield, there is stronger coupling and close
System.For example, the dominant response of coal gasification course has steam methane reforming reaction, the partial oxidation reaction of coal, the oxygen of CO
Change reaction and water gas reaction etc..Wherein, the partial oxidation reaction of steam methane reforming reaction and coal is the endothermic reaction, when
When furnace temperature raises, the partial oxidation reaction of steam methane reforming reaction and carbon is all to forward reaction, and the direction i.e. generated to CO is sent out
Exhibition.But, owing to the partial oxidation reaction of steam methane reforming reaction and carbon creates more CO, and more CO can promote
The oxidation reaction and the water gas reaction that make carbon monoxide are carried out to forward, thus promote temperature to improve further, and improve H2
Output, and H2Increase and steam methane reforming reaction and the partial oxidation reaction of carbon can be affected further.It is true that due to
Coal gasification is a kind of complex chemical reaction process relating to many interphase interactions under high temperature, high pressure, and coal gasification course is subject to
The multivariable impact such as ature of coal composition, gasification condition (such as gasification temperature and vapor pressure), coal-water fluid concentration, coupled relation can be more
Complexity, problems above is all that regulatory PID control method is difficult to effectively solve.
Owing to DMC is directly processing advantage the biggest in constraint and unconventional dynamic characteristic, therefore, DMC is at chemical industry
Industrial process is applied widely.Cascade control strategy is by primary mold PREDICTIVE CONTROL (Model Prediction
Control, MPC) and secondary PID controller composition, MPC-PID controller all has than conventional PID controllers and simple MPC
Absolute advantage.Inner membrance control methods (the Internal Model proposed based on use Smith's delay compensator equivalent model
Control, IMC) solve many time delays and complicated INTERACTION PROBLEMS.But, because Smith Predictor and PID control
Device processed can not solve long delay and Model suitability problem, so DMC-PID cascade control method can be predicted and reduce error,
Will be superior than traditional PID control and IMC-PID serials control.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing, it is an object to provide the DMC-PID serials control side of a kind of coal water slurry gasification process
Method, it is achieved in the adjustable extent of performance variable, by controlled variable (the predominantly temperature of reactor, effectively in coal gasification course
Gas productivity etc.) control within the scope of the industry value set.
In theory, the variable in coal gasification course control structure is made up of controlled variable, performance variable and disturbance variable.
Performance variable is process input, be control process can the variable of manual control, in contrast, controlled variable is the defeated of process
Going out, the target of control is the output of controller to be controlled within certain value or certain rational industrial scale.Through to gasification
The analysis of process control degree of freedom is it follows that the main performance variable of gasification is followed successively by charging oxygen flow, feed coal
Flow, pump into water-coal-slurry flow, gasification discharge (moisture containing in coal), Quench discharge, coal liquid level of stock tank, gasified
The main controlled variable of journey is temperature of reactor and the yield of each component of effective gas.Additionally, related operating variable in gasification
Also aerobic coal ratio, ratio of water to coal and nitrogen coal ratios etc., relevant controlled variable also has cold gas efficiency and reactor pressure etc., but combines
Control freedom degree is analyzed and industry actual state, and the present invention selects water-coal-slurry flow, oxygen flow etc. for performance variable, selects anti-
Answering device temperature, effective gas yield etc. for controlled variable, meanwhile, selection water coal slurry concentration is as test variable, in order to access control
The effectiveness of method.
Coupling and the non-linear relation that can not effectively solve in gasification between multivariate for regulatory PID control are asked
Topic, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The DMC-PID multi-variant control method of a kind of coal water slurry gasification process, comprises the steps:
(1) variable selection of control system: the performance variable during selected coal water slurry gasification and controlled variable, and select
For verifying the test variable of described control system；
(2) open-loop test of control system: according to the actual industrial scope of described performance variable and described controlled variable
Setting value, adjusts to the pid parameter of controller, and described control system carries out a series of step response test；
Described corresponding detection method is: analyze the impact on controlled variable of each performance variable, first assumes that one of them is grasped
Make variable constant, and other performance variables are carried out step response test；After a series of step response is tested, entered
The Spline smoothing of material oxygen flow and feed coal flow etc., and controlled variable gasification furnace furnace temperature and synthesis gas yield etc. is dynamic
Response correlation data；
(3) identification Control system architecture model: use finite impulse response (FIR) discrimination method, through test, according to controlled change
The different coefficients of amount and corresponding root-mean-square error thereof, selected stable state duration, control coefrficient and smoothing factor are as DMC control
The input parameter of device, obtains gasifier temperature and the FIR model prediction curve of effective gas component yield；
(4) design of DMC controller and cascade control system: the input variable of DMC controller includes the volume integral of effective gas
Number and gasifier temperature, output signal is in series with performance variable respectively, includes oxygen flow and water-coal-slurry stream with feedback regulation
Each performance variable of amount；The boundary value of DMC controller it is adjusted with pre-in the industrial scale of performance variable and controlled variable
If value, thus carry DMC controller；Using the output of DMC as the setting value of PID controller, obtain DMC-PID serials control knot
Structure；
(5) gasification control system test: select the correlated variables unrelated with performance variable as test variable, with this
Test and verify designed control method.
Further, the feed water flow of feed rate control module and feed coal flow phase tandem, in order to control water coal
Slurry concentration；The core of vaporizer control module is that gasification furnace fire box temperature controls；The chilled water flow control of shock chamber's control module
Make and control phase tandem with raw gas temperature.
The input variable of the i.e. DMC controller of the controlled variable selected in coal gasification course, including gasifier temperature and conjunction
Become the yield of each component of gas；The output variable of selected performance variable i.e. DMC controller, including charging amount of oxygen and feed coal
Slurry flow.
During controlling, the output of DMC is as the setting value of PID controller, and DMC controller is gone here and there mutually with PID controller
Level.
The control parameter of DMC includes stable state duration, control coefrficient and smoothing factor.
In the adjustable extent of performance variable, the controlled variable of gasification controls within the scope of industrial requirements.
Whole control system comprises and controls content as follows:
In whole coal water slurry gasification control system, except flow-control, Liquid level, Stress control and temperature control etc.
Outside, it is specifically added PID cascade control method, has specifically included: oxygen coal is than the string of proportional controller Yu oxygen flux control device
Level control, feed water stream amount controller and the serials control of feed coal flow controller, synthesis gas flow addition controller and water
The serials control of coal slurry flow controller, chilled water flow controller and the serials control of synthesis gas temperature.
DMC open-loop prediction mechanism can be represented by formula 1-2:
F=fu+Dd+fd+fn (1-2)
Wherein, fuSystem for past controlling behavior responds, Dd+fdFor the response of suppression interference, fnThen it is expressed as unknown dry
Disturb or model error.And using finite impulse response (FIR) discrimination method, the control parameter of DMC is mainly by stable state duration, control system
The composition such as number and smoothing factor.Through test, according to different coefficients and the corresponding root-mean-square error thereof of controlled variable, select
Certain stable state duration, control coefrficient and smoothing factor, as the input parameter of DMC controller, can get gasifier temperature and have
The FIR model prediction curve of effect gas component yield etc..
After DMC-PID serials control structure carries design, selection will not directly change performance variable is worth variable
As test variable, test control system of gasification test performance with this.If optional water coal slurry concentration is as test variable, logical
Cross change water coal slurry concentration ± 8%, control structure is carried out step response test, and ties by observing DMC-PID serials control
The dynamic response curve of structure, it can be seen that the associated dynamic characteristic of DMC-PID cascade control method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the furnace binding schematic diagram of Quench type GE coal slurry gasifier；
Fig. 2 is the impact effect figure of variable；Wherein (a) is the step excitation figure of performance variable MV1 and MV2, and (b) is controlled
The dynamic response figure of variable CV1 and CV2；
Fig. 3 is FIR model recognition result；Wherein (a) and (b) represents the knot of gasification furnace fire box temperature and carbon monoxide respectively
Really；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of DMC-PID multi-variant control method；
Fig. 5 is water coal slurry concentration dynamic response figure of control system under the disturbance of ± 8%, wherein (a), (b), (c),
D () represents feed water coal slurry (Coal Water Slurry, CWS) flow, charging oxygen (O respectively2) flow, gasification furnace burner hearth
Temperature (POX) and the dynamic response change curve of carbon monoxide (CO) volume fraction.
Symbol description
1 oxygen；2 coal slurries；3 nozzles；4 gasification layers；5 refractory brick；
6 chilled water；7 Quench sections；8 ash lock hoppers；
(main effectively gas composition is CO, H to 9 synthesis gas2, CH4, enter subsequent handling).
Detailed description of the invention
Below, further illustrate present invention by embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in implementing
Example.Other change that those skilled in the art is made in the case of without departing substantially from spirit and scope of the present invention and repairing
Change, within being included in scope.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is the DMC-PID multi-variant control method of a kind of coal water slurry gasification process, chilling-type coal water slurry gasification
Furnace body structural representation as it is shown in figure 1, coal water slurry gasification process DMC-PID multi-variant control method be embodied as step
As follows:
Step (1): the variable selection of control system
The present invention selects water-coal-slurry flow and oxygen flow as performance variable, selecting reactor temperature and CO gas component
Yield builds DMC-PID multi-variant control method as controlled variable.Water coal slurry concentration is selected to control as test variable
The checking of method processed.
Step (2): control system open-loop test
Regulatory PID control structure is carried according to gasification furnace actual industrial situation.Coal water slurry gasification Process Control System can be divided
For feed rate control module, vaporizer control module and shock chamber's control module.The principal character of feed rate control module
It is feed water flow and feed coal flow phase tandem, in order to control water coal slurry concentration；The core of vaporizer control module is gasification
Stove fire box temperature controls；Shock chamber's control module be mainly characterized by chilled water flow controller and raw gas temperature controller
Serials control.
The primary control of coal gasifier control system is described as follows:
1) feed controller has dry coal flow controller, feed water stream amount controller, chilled water feed controller and charging
Oxygen flux control device；
2) proportional controller has ratio of water to coal controller and oxygen coal to compare controller；
3) pressure of vaporizer is regulated by the synthesis gas flow of pressure-control valve controlled chilling room；
4) control feed water coal slurry flow by tandem coal liquid level of flux controller and regulate the liquid level of coal slurry groove.Equally,
The Liquid level of shock chamber ejects realization by adjusting control valve control slag；
5) gasifier temperature and shock chamber's gas temperature are controlled by regulation oxygen coal respectively than the flow with chilled water.
The controller of above-mentioned coal water slurry gasification process is configured pid parameter.Wherein, the regulated value of coal-water fluid concentration is set as
66.67%, oxygen coal is set as 1.04 than ratio, and the delay time of chronotron is set as 1 minute.
According to the industrial scale of performance variable, break-off signal and the feedback control loop of synthesis gas yield, divided ring PID is controlled
Structure processed carries out a series of step response test.For analyzing the impact on controlled variable of each performance variable, first assume water coal
Slurry flow is constant, and oxygen flow does independent step response test.If step response time is spaced apart 0.3 hour, whole
Length of testing speech is 12.6 hours, the step change plot of charging oxygen flow and feed coal flow respectively as Fig. 2 a (on) and Fig. 2 a
Under ().Through analog simulation, the dynamic response curve of available controlled variable furnace temperature POXT and carbon monoxide component CO is the most such as
Fig. 3 b (on) and Fig. 3 b (under).
Step (3): identification Control system architecture model
Using finite impulse response (FIR) discrimination method, the control parameter of DMC is mainly by stable state duration, coefficient and smoothing factor etc.
Composition.Through test, according to different coefficients and the corresponding root-mean-square error thereof of controlled variable, when selecting stable state a length of 36,
Control coefrficient is 30, and smoothing factor is 5 as the input parameter of DMC controller, obtains gasifier temperature POXT and carbon monoxide
The FIR model prediction curve of component yield CO is the most as shown in Figure 3 a and Figure 3 b shows, it can be seen that gasification industry value and model
It is fine that predictive value coincide.
Step (4): the design of DMC controller and cascade control system
The input variable of DMC controller is respectively CO volume fraction and gasifier temperature, output signal respectively with oxygen stream
Amount and water-coal-slurry flow are in series, with feedback regulation oxygen flow and water-coal-slurry flow.Set DMC controller currency and
The industry value scope of each variable, is adjusted in the range of the industry value of performance variable and controlled variable, by the output of DMC respectively
As oxygen flux control device MV1 and the setting value of water-coal-slurry flow controller MV2, obtain DMC-PID serials control structure such as
Shown in Fig. 4.
Step (5): gasification control system is tested
After DMC-PID serials control structure carries design, selection water coal slurry concentration is test variable.By changing
Water coal slurry concentration ± 8%, carries out step response test to control structure, obtains the dynamic response of DMC-PID serials control structure
Curve such as Fig. 5, it can be seen that DMC-PID cascade control strategy gasification major variable can be controlled industrial scale it
In, thus efficiently solve coupled problem and the multivariable Control problem of coal water slurry gasification process.
Claims (7)
1. the DMC-PID multi-variant control method of a coal water slurry gasification process, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) variable selection of control system: the performance variable during selected coal water slurry gasification and controlled variable, and select and be used for
Verify the test variable of described control system；
(2) open-loop test of control system: according to actual industrial scope and the setting of described controlled variable of described performance variable
Value, adjusts to the pid parameter of controller, and described control system carries out a series of step response test；
Described corresponding detection method is: analyze the impact on controlled variable of each performance variable, first assumes that one of them operation becomes
Measure constant, and other performance variables are carried out step response test；After a series of step response is tested, obtain feeding oxygen
The Spline smoothing of throughput and feed coal flow etc., and the dynamic response of controlled variable gasification furnace furnace temperature and synthesis gas yield etc.
Related data；
(3) identification Control system architecture model: use finite impulse response (FIR) discrimination method, through test, according to controlled variable
Different coefficients and corresponding root-mean-square error thereof, selected stable state duration, control coefrficient and smoothing factor are as DMC controller
Input parameter, obtains gasifier temperature and the FIR model prediction curve of effective gas component yield；
(4) DMC controller design and cascade control system: the input variable of DMC controller include effective gas volume fraction and
Gasifier temperature, output signal is in series with performance variable respectively, includes oxygen flow and water-coal-slurry flow with feedback regulation
Each performance variable；Boundary value and the preset value of DMC controller it is adjusted in the industrial scale of performance variable and controlled variable,
Thus carry DMC controller；Using the output of DMC as the setting value of PID controller, obtain DMC-PID serials control structure；
(5) gasification control system test: select the correlated variables unrelated with performance variable as test variable, survey with this
Try and control method designed by verifying.
Control method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the feed water flow of feed rate control module and entering
Material coal flow phase tandem, in order to control water coal slurry concentration；The core of vaporizer control module is that gasification furnace fire box temperature controls；Swash
The chilled water flow-control of cold house's control module controls phase tandem with raw gas temperature.
Control method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the controlled variable selected in coal gasification course is i.e.
The input variable of DMC controller, including the yield of each component of gasifier temperature and synthesis gas；Selected performance variable i.e. DMC
The output variable of controller, including charging amount of oxygen and charging coal slurry flow.
Control method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that during controlling, the output of DMC is controlled as PID
The setting value of device processed, DMC controller and PID controller phase tandem.
Control method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the control parameter of DMC includes stable state duration, controls system
Number and smoothing factor.
Control method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the adjustable extent of performance variable, gasification
Controlled variable be controlled within the scope of industrial requirements.
Control method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that whole control system comprises and controls content as follows:
In whole coal water slurry gasification control system, except flow-control, Liquid level, Stress control and temperature control etc. it
Outward, it has been specifically added PID cascade control method, has specifically included: oxygen coal is than the tandem of proportional controller Yu oxygen flux control device
Control, feed water stream amount controller and the serials control of feed coal flow controller, synthesis gas flow addition controller and water coal
The slurry serials control of flow controller, chilled water flow controller and the serials control of synthesis gas temperature.
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| CN116097266A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2023-05-09 | 西门子股份公司 | Optimization method and device for gasifier model and computer readable storage medium |
| CN112965386A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-06-15 | 上海交通大学 | Coal water slurry gasification and coal-fired boiler ultra-low NOx emission integrated cooperative control method |
| CN113110030A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-13 | 兰州理工大学 | CO (carbon monoxide)2Trapped DMC-PID cascading system and control method thereof |
| CN113110030B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-06-28 | 兰州理工大学 | CO (carbon monoxide)2Trapped DMC-PID cascading system and control method thereof |
| CN115480478A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-12-16 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | DMC-PID-based constant-speed variable-temperature process control method |
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