CN112960719A - Water purification system of high-efficient water purification - Google Patents
Water purification system of high-efficient water purification Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112960719A CN112960719A CN202110197783.7A CN202110197783A CN112960719A CN 112960719 A CN112960719 A CN 112960719A CN 202110197783 A CN202110197783 A CN 202110197783A CN 112960719 A CN112960719 A CN 112960719A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- solution
- layer
- water purification
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 36
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- JVJVAVWMGAQRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JVJVAVWMGAQRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 perfluoro Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- TXDNPSYEJHXKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylsilane Chemical compound S[SiH3] TXDNPSYEJHXKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012956 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl-ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical group C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019395 ammonium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012935 ammoniumperoxodisulfate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenyl]methanone Chemical group C=1C=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2(O)CCCCC2)C=1C1(O)CCCCC1 MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical group CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCS UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DCQBZYNUSLHVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-triethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCS DCQBZYNUSLHVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002384 drinking water standard Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940089951 perfluorooctyl triethoxysilane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- AVYKQOAMZCAHRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F AVYKQOAMZCAHRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a water purification system for high-efficiency water purification, which belongs to the technical field of water purification, and comprises an evaporation device and a collection device, wherein the evaporation device comprises a water storage tank, a water body to be purified is contained in the water storage tank, a photo-thermal evaporation body is arranged on the water surface of the water body to be purified, the water storage tank is also provided with a water inlet pipe, the collection device comprises a transparent condensation plate, and the condensation plate is obliquely arranged above the evaporation device; the photo-thermal evaporation body is sequentially provided with a water-permeable heat-insulating layer, a hydrogel layer and a photo-thermal layer from bottom to top in a laminating manner; the solar energy heat-storage solar water heater provided by the invention directly converts sunlight into heat energy by arranging the photo-thermal evaporator, only uses solar energy as the only energy source, does not need a photovoltaic module and external electric energy assistance, does not need a filter element, can stably operate for a long time, and is low in maintenance cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water purification, in particular to a water purification system for high-efficiency water purification.
Background
With the rapid development of economic society and the increasing environmental pollution, the demand of human beings on clean water resources is increasing. The water purification product on the existing market mainly adopts a filtering mode to separate and obtain purified water, and a filtering membrane mainly comprises: ion exchange membrane, RO reverse osmosis membrane and milipore filter. Filter membrane-cored cartridge components typically require replacement after a period of use (3-24 months). The water purifier adopting the filtering mode has the advantages that the filter element material is expensive, and meanwhile, the external electric energy is required for auxiliary work.
Solar energy is an environment-friendly and sustainable energy source, and the problem of external electric energy can be effectively solved by applying the solar energy to the water purifier. The working principle of the solar water purifier in the current market mainly adopts a photovoltaic module and a storage battery to provide electric energy, and then is combined with a filtering membrane to purify water. The solar water purifier is different from the traditional water purifier in that external electric energy is replaced by photovoltaic power generation, and the solar water purifier can normally work only by adopting expensive filtering membranes, photovoltaic modules and storage batteries, and has high cost and complex structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a water purification system for efficiently purifying water.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a water purification system for efficient water purification comprises an evaporation device and a collection device, wherein the evaporation device comprises a water storage tank, a water body to be purified is placed in the water storage tank, a photo-thermal evaporation body is arranged on the water surface of the water body to be purified, the water storage tank is also provided with a water inlet pipe, the collection device comprises a transparent condensation plate, and the condensation plate is obliquely arranged above the evaporation device;
the photo-thermal evaporation body is sequentially provided with a permeable heat insulation layer, a hydrogel layer and a photo-thermal layer from bottom to top in a laminating manner.
Preferably, the permeable and heat-insulating layer is a polyvinylidene fluoride modified nylon net film, and the preparation method of the polyvinylidene fluoride modified nylon net film comprises the following steps:
soaking a nylon net film in an acetone solution, washing with deionized water and ethanol in sequence to obtain a pretreated nylon net film, soaking the pretreated nylon net film in a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and ammonium peroxydisulfate for etching for 20-30min at room temperature, washing the etched nylon net film with deionized water, and performing vacuum drying; dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride in dimethylformamide to prepare a polyvinylidene fluoride solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and depositing the polyvinylidene fluoride solution on the etched nylon net film by a single-side electrospinning method to prepare a single-side polyvinylidene fluoride modified nylon net film;
wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide and ammonium peroxodisulfate in the mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium peroxodisulfate is 2.5-3mol/L and 0.1-0.15mol/L respectively, the working voltage of single-side electrospinning is 20kv, the receiving distance is 15cm, the relative humidity of the electrospinning environment is 15-20%, and the ambient temperature is 25-30 ℃; and the unmodified surface of the nylon net film is attached to the hydrogel layer.
Preferably, the hydrogel layer is a polypyrrole-doped polyethylene glycol hydrogel, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing polypyrrole, dispersing the polypyrrole in a precursor solution containing polyethylene glycol and chitosan, adding a glutaraldehyde solution with the mass concentration of 20%, uniformly stirring, standing for 24h to enable the solution to be crosslinked and gelatinized to obtain a gel product, immersing the gel product into deionized water for purification, enabling the purification time to be 48-72h, changing water once every 12h, performing freeze thawing treatment on the purified gel, repeating the freeze thawing for 10 times, and performing segmentation molding to obtain the hydrogel layer;
wherein, in the precursor solution, the mass concentrations of the polyethylene glycol and the chitosan are respectively 15-20% and 5-8%; the mass ratio of the polypyrrole to the precursor solution and the glutaraldehyde solution is 1: (10-12): (6-10).
Preferably, one surface of the hydrogel layer, which is attached to the photo-thermal layer, is modified with fluorine-containing silane, and the modification method comprises the following steps:
adding 1 drop of 30% acetic acid solution into 50ml n-hexane, and adding 1-2ml perfluoro C8-10And (3) fully and uniformly stirring the alkyl triethoxysilane to obtain a mixed solution A, coating the mixed solution A on one side of the hydrogel layer, standing for 1-2h, and then carrying out heat treatment for 1h at 100 ℃.
Preferably, the photothermal layer is composed of a titanium nitride nanoparticle absorption layer and a nano silicon dioxide layer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
ultrasonically dispersing titanium nitride nanoparticles in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and grinding by using a high-energy ball mill to obtain a titanium nitride colloidal solution with the mass concentration of 20%; ultrasonically cleaning an aluminum foil substrate for 1-2 times, washing with an ethanol solution, after fully drying, spin-coating the titanium nitride colloid solution on the aluminum foil substrate, baking for 5min at 160 ℃, repeating spin-coating and baking, after cooling to room temperature, spin-coating a layer of dibutyl ether solution of perhydropolysilazane on one surface coated with the titanium nitride solution, baking for 5min and 120min at 160 ℃ and 200 ℃ in sequence, and removing the substrate by acid cleaning to obtain the photothermal layer;
wherein the mass concentration of the dibutyl ether solution of the perhydropolysilazane is 5%.
Preferably, the condensation plate is a glass or quartz plate.
Preferably, the inner surface of the condensation plate is provided with a coagulation promoting coating, and the coagulation promoting coating consists of a hydrophobic coating and an array of hydrophilic sites arranged on the hydrophobic coating.
Preferably, the preparation method of the coagulation-promoting coating comprises the following steps:
s1 surface treatment
Ultrasonically cleaning the condensing plate for 1-2 times, washing with an ethanol solution, and after fully drying, performing plasma etching treatment on the surface of the condensing plate by using a mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen as a working gas for 60-100 s;
s2, pretreatment
According to the mass ratio (5-20): 100, dissolving a mercaptosilane coupling agent in ethyl acetate to obtain a mixed solution B, coating the mixed solution B on one surface of the condensation plate, drying, coating again, drying again, and rinsing with absolute ethyl alcohol;
s3 preparation of hydrophilic site
Dissolving a cross-linking agent and a photoinitiator in dimethylformamide to prepare solutions with the concentrations of 0.2-0.4% and 2.0-3.0%, adding acrylic acid and/or acrylonitrile, fully mixing to prepare a mixed solution C, coating the mixed solution C on the pretreated surface of the condensation plate, irradiating the surface of the condensation plate with array ultraviolet light, washing the condensation plate with a large amount of water and ethanol after the reaction is finished, and drying the condensation plate in vacuum;
wherein, in the mixed liquid C, the concentration sum of the acrylic acid and the acrylonitrile is 0.5 mol/L;
s4 preparation of hydrophobic coating
Dissolving a cross-linking agent and a photoinitiator in dimethylformamide to prepare solutions with the concentrations of 0.2-0.4% and 2.0-3.0%, adding perfluorooctyl methacrylate, fully mixing to prepare a mixed solution D, coating the mixed solution D on one pretreated surface of the condensation plate, irradiating by using ultraviolet light, washing by using a large amount of water and ethanol after the reaction is finished, and drying in vacuum;
wherein the concentration of the perfluorooctyl methacrylate in the mixed liquid D is 0.5 mol/L.
Preferably, the mercaptosilane coupling agent is 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane or 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane.
Preferably, the crosslinking agent is pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate or trimethylolpropane triacrylate; the photoinitiator is 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-acetone or 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the solar energy heat-storage solar water heater provided by the invention directly converts sunlight into heat energy by arranging the photo-thermal evaporator, only uses solar energy as the only energy source, does not need a photovoltaic module and external electric energy assistance, does not need a filter element, can stably operate for a long time, and is low in maintenance cost.
(2) The permeable heat-insulating layer can isolate the heat generated by the photo-thermal layer from the water to be purified, thereby avoiding heat loss and improving the purification efficiency; specifically use low thermal conductivity nylon nethike embrane as the base, through at the hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride of water contact surface modification for treat that the water of purifying can one-wayly upwards transport and unable downward transmission, greatly reduce heat transfer when guaranteeing water transmission, also do not influence the concentration diffusion of ion moreover.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by means of the attached drawings, but the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation to the invention, and for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained on the basis of the following drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the water purification system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the photothermal evaporation element of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a water storage tank; 2-a photothermal evaporation body; 3-water inlet pipe; 4-a cold plate; 211-a nanosilica layer; 212-a titanium nitride nanoparticle absorber layer; 22-a hydrogel layer; and 23, a water-permeable heat-insulating layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a water purification system for high-efficiency water purification, which comprises an evaporation device and a collection device, wherein the evaporation device comprises a water storage tank 1, a water body to be purified is contained in the water storage tank 1, a photo-thermal evaporation body 2 is arranged on the water surface of the water body to be purified, the water storage tank 1 is also provided with a water inlet pipe 3, the collection device comprises a transparent condensation plate 4, and the condensation plate 4 is obliquely arranged above the evaporation device;
wherein, the photo-thermal evaporation body 2 is sequentially provided with a permeable heat insulation layer 23, a hydrogel layer 22 and a photo-thermal layer from bottom to top.
The solar energy heat-storage solar water heater has the advantages that the solar heat evaporator is arranged, sunlight is directly converted into heat energy, only solar energy is used as the only energy, a photovoltaic module and external electric energy assistance are not needed, a filter element is not needed, long-term stable operation can be realized, and the maintenance cost is low;
the photothermal layer directly absorbs sunlight and generates photothermal effect, the permeable heat insulation layer can isolate heat generated by the photothermal layer from a water body to be purified, so that heat loss is avoided, purification efficiency is improved, the hydrogel layer has a hydrophilic three-dimensional porous channel structure and can be used as a transmission layer of water to be purified, the water to be purified is continuously absorbed to the photothermal layer under the action of capillary effect, and is evaporated at the junction of the photothermal layer and the hydrogel layer, and purified water is obtained by collection of a condensation plate;
preferably, the permeable and heat-insulating layer is a polyvinylidene fluoride modified nylon net film, and the preparation method of the polyvinylidene fluoride modified nylon net film comprises the following steps:
soaking a nylon net film in an acetone solution, washing with deionized water and ethanol in sequence to obtain a pretreated nylon net film, soaking the pretreated nylon net film in a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and ammonium peroxydisulfate for etching for 20-30min at room temperature, washing the etched nylon net film with deionized water, and performing vacuum drying; dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride in dimethylformamide to prepare a polyvinylidene fluoride solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and depositing the polyvinylidene fluoride solution on the etched nylon net film by a single-side electrospinning method to prepare a single-side polyvinylidene fluoride modified nylon net film;
wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide and ammonium peroxodisulfate in the mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium peroxodisulfate is 2.5-3mol/L and 0.1-0.15mol/L respectively, the working voltage of single-side electrospinning is 20kv, the receiving distance is 15cm, the relative humidity of the electrospinning environment is 15-20%, and the ambient temperature is 25-30 ℃; the unmodified surface of the nylon net film is attached to the hydrogel layer;
the purpose of the heat insulating layer lies in that the heat produced by the insulating photothermal layer exchanges heat with the water to be purified through the hydrogel transmission layer, but the transmission channel of the water to be purified is blocked by the general heat insulating treatment, and when the water transmission channel is ensured, the heat insulating layer can still exchange heat through the water with high heat conductivity, so that the heat insulating and the water transmission are difficult to achieve at the same time;
preferably, the hydrogel layer is a polypyrrole-doped polyethylene glycol hydrogel, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing polypyrrole, dispersing the polypyrrole in a precursor solution containing polyethylene glycol and chitosan, adding a glutaraldehyde solution with the mass concentration of 20%, uniformly stirring, standing for 24h to enable the solution to be crosslinked and gelatinized to obtain a gel product, immersing the gel product into deionized water for purification, enabling the purification time to be 48-72h, changing water once every 12h, performing freeze thawing treatment on the purified gel, repeating the freeze thawing for 10 times, and performing segmentation molding to obtain the hydrogel layer;
wherein, in the precursor solution, the mass concentrations of the polyethylene glycol and the chitosan are respectively 15-20% and 5-8%; the mass ratio of the polypyrrole to the precursor solution and the glutaraldehyde solution is 1: (10-12): (6-10);
the polypyrrole has a photothermal effect, and is added into the polyethylene glycol hydrogel, so that on one hand, the temperature of a water body to be purified can be increased, the evaporation efficiency of a photothermal layer is improved, on the other hand, the crosslinking degree of the hydrogel is improved, and the mechanical strength of a hydrogel layer is improved;
preferably, one surface of the hydrogel layer, which is attached to the photo-thermal layer, is modified with fluorine-containing silane, and the modification method comprises the following steps:
adding 1 drop of 30% acetic acid solution into 50ml n-hexane, and adding 1-2ml perfluoro C8-10Mixing the alkyl triethoxysilane uniformly to obtain a mixed solution A, coating the mixed solution A on one side of the hydrogel layer, standing for 1-2h, and performing heat treatment at 100 ℃ for 1 h;
the hydrophilic three-dimensional porous channel structure hydrogel layer is used as a transmission layer of water to be purified, the water to be purified can be continuously absorbed to a photo-thermal layer, a thicker water film is easy to be retained at a junction with the photo-thermal layer based on excellent hydrophilicity, evaporation can only occur on the surface of the water film, the thicker film not only reduces evaporation efficiency, but also is easy to generate surface crystallization due to gradual rise of ion concentration to block a water transmission channel, and the invention greatly reduces the thickness of the water film, improves the evaporation efficiency and avoids the precipitation of crystals at the precipitation junction by modifying the fluorine-containing silane with low surface energy on the surface;
preferably, the photothermal layer is composed of a titanium nitride nanoparticle absorption layer 212 and a nano silicon dioxide layer 211, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
ultrasonically dispersing titanium nitride nanoparticles in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and grinding by using a high-energy ball mill to obtain a titanium nitride colloidal solution with the mass concentration of 20%; ultrasonically cleaning an aluminum foil substrate for 1-2 times, washing with an ethanol solution, after fully drying, spin-coating the titanium nitride colloid solution on the aluminum foil substrate, baking for 5min at 160 ℃, repeating spin-coating and baking, after cooling to room temperature, spin-coating a layer of dibutyl ether solution of perhydropolysilazane on one surface coated with the titanium nitride solution, baking for 5min and 120min at 160 ℃ and 200 ℃ in sequence, and removing the substrate by acid cleaning to obtain the photothermal layer;
wherein the mass concentration of the dibutyl ether solution of the perhydropolysilazane is 5 percent;
the titanium nitride particles have extremely strong absorption to visible light and simultaneously have high temperature resistance, the titanium nitride nanoparticle absorption layer which is tightly arranged is obtained by spin coating, the perhydropolysilazane can be converted into silicon dioxide under certain conditions, and the coating material is good;
preferably, the condensation plate is a glass or quartz plate;
preferably, the inner surface of the condensation plate is provided with a coagulation-promoting coating, and the coagulation-promoting coating consists of a hydrophobic coating and hydrophilic sites arranged on the hydrophobic coating in an array;
preferably, the preparation method of the coagulation-promoting coating comprises the following steps:
s1 surface treatment
Ultrasonically cleaning the condensing plate for 1-2 times, washing with an ethanol solution, and after fully drying, performing plasma etching treatment on the surface of the condensing plate by using a mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen as a working gas for 60-100 s;
s2, pretreatment
According to the mass ratio (5-20): 100, dissolving a mercaptosilane coupling agent in ethyl acetate to obtain a mixed solution B, coating the mixed solution B on one surface of the condensation plate, drying, coating again, drying again, and rinsing with absolute ethyl alcohol;
s3 preparation of hydrophilic site
Dissolving a cross-linking agent and a photoinitiator in dimethylformamide to prepare solutions with the concentrations of 0.2-0.4% and 2.0-3.0%, adding acrylic acid and/or acrylonitrile, fully mixing to prepare a mixed solution C, coating the mixed solution C on the pretreated surface of the condensation plate, irradiating the surface of the condensation plate with array ultraviolet light, washing the condensation plate with a large amount of water and ethanol after the reaction is finished, and drying the condensation plate in vacuum;
wherein, in the mixed liquid C, the concentration sum of the acrylic acid and the acrylonitrile is 0.5 mol/L;
s4 preparation of hydrophobic coating
Dissolving a cross-linking agent and a photoinitiator in dimethylformamide to prepare solutions with the concentrations of 0.2-0.4% and 2.0-3.0%, adding perfluorooctyl methacrylate, fully mixing to prepare a mixed solution D, coating the mixed solution D on one pretreated surface of the condensation plate, irradiating by using ultraviolet light, washing by using a large amount of water and ethanol after the reaction is finished, and drying in vacuum;
wherein the concentration of the perfluorooctyl methacrylate in the mixed liquid D is 0.5 mol/L;
the steam is condensed on the condensing plate after being generated, the condensing plate with the hydrophilic surface can better collect the water vapor based on good affinity with water, but the hydrophilic surface enables the water vapor to be condensed in a film shape when being condensed, an atomized film or a water film is formed on the surface, and the sunlight is greatly scattered, so that the sunlight absorption rate of the photothermal layer is reduced, the water purification efficiency is reduced, the drop-shaped condensation of the hydrophobic surface can easily slide off under the action of gravity, the water film is difficult to form, but the difficulty in collecting the water vapor is increased due to the hydrophobic structure, and the improvement of the water purification efficiency is not facilitated; the invention combines the advantages of a hydrophilic surface and a hydrophobic surface, prepares the coagulation-aiding coating on the condensation plate through surface modification, and the coagulation-aiding coating consists of a hydrophobic coating and hydrophilic sites arranged on the hydrophobic coating in an array manner, particularly arranges the hydrophilic sites on the hydrophobic substrate in an array manner, wherein the affinity of the hydrophilic sites to water vapor is utilized to rapidly gather the water vapor, and meanwhile, the hydrophilic sites rapidly form drops and slide on the hydrophobic substrate, thereby improving the condensation efficiency of water purification.
Example 1
A water purification system for efficient water purification comprises an evaporation device and a collection device, wherein the evaporation device comprises a water storage tank, a water body to be purified is placed in the water storage tank, a photo-thermal evaporation body is arranged on the water surface of the water body to be purified, the water storage tank is also provided with a water inlet pipe, the collection device comprises a transparent glass condensation plate, the light transmittance is 90%, and the condensation plate is obliquely arranged above the evaporation device;
the photo-thermal evaporation body is sequentially provided with a water-permeable heat-insulating layer, a hydrogel layer and a photo-thermal layer from bottom to top in a laminating manner;
the permeable and heat-insulating layer is a polyvinylidene fluoride modified nylon net film, and the preparation method of the polyvinylidene fluoride modified nylon net film comprises the following steps:
soaking a nylon net film in an acetone solution, washing with deionized water and ethanol in sequence to obtain a pretreated nylon net film, soaking the pretreated nylon net film in a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and ammonium peroxydisulfate for etching for 20-30min at room temperature, washing the etched nylon net film with deionized water, and performing vacuum drying; dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride in dimethylformamide to prepare a polyvinylidene fluoride solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and depositing the polyvinylidene fluoride solution on the etched nylon net film by a single-side electrospinning method to prepare a single-side polyvinylidene fluoride modified nylon net film;
wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide and ammonium peroxodisulfate in the mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium peroxodisulfate is 2.5mol/L and 0.12mol/L respectively, the single-side electrospinning working voltage is 20kv, the receiving distance is 15cm, the relative humidity of the electrospinning environment is 15%, and the ambient temperature is 25 ℃; the unmodified surface of the nylon net film is attached to the hydrogel layer;
the hydrogel layer is polypyrrole-doped polyethylene glycol hydrogel, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing polypyrrole, dispersing the polypyrrole in a precursor solution containing polyethylene glycol and chitosan, adding a glutaraldehyde solution with the mass concentration of 20%, uniformly stirring, standing for 24h to enable the solution to be crosslinked and gelatinized to obtain a gel product, immersing the gel product into deionized water for purification, enabling the purification time to be 60h, changing water once every 12h, performing freeze thawing treatment on the purified gel, repeating the freeze thawing for 10 times, and performing segmentation molding to obtain the hydrogel layer;
wherein, in the precursor solution, the mass concentrations of the polyethylene glycol and the chitosan are respectively 15-20% and 5-8%; the mass ratio of the polypyrrole to the precursor solution and the glutaraldehyde solution is 1: (10-12): 9; the freezing temperature of the freeze thawing is minus 20 ℃ and the thawing temperature is 30 ℃; the thickness of the hydrogel layer is 4-8 mm;
one surface of the hydrogel layer, which is jointed with the light and heat layer, is modified with fluorine-containing silane, and the modification method comprises the following steps:
adding 1 drop of 30 mass percent acetic acid solution into 50ml of n-hexane, adding 1.2ml of perfluorooctyl triethoxysilane, fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution A, coating the mixed solution A on one surface of the hydrogel layer, standing for 1-2h, and carrying out heat treatment for 1h at 100 ℃;
the photothermal layer consists of a titanium nitride nanoparticle absorption layer and a nano silicon dioxide layer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
ultrasonically dispersing titanium nitride nanoparticles in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and grinding by using a high-energy ball mill to obtain a titanium nitride colloidal solution with the mass concentration of 20%; ultrasonically cleaning an aluminum foil substrate for 1-2 times, washing with an ethanol solution, after fully drying, spin-coating the titanium nitride colloid solution on the aluminum foil substrate, baking for 5min at 160 ℃, repeating spin-coating and baking, after cooling to room temperature, spin-coating a layer of dibutyl ether solution of perhydropolysilazane on one surface coated with the titanium nitride solution, baking for 5min and 120min at 160 ℃ and 200 ℃ in sequence, and removing the substrate by acid cleaning to obtain the photothermal layer;
wherein the mass concentration of the dibutyl ether solution of the perhydropolysilazane is 5%.
The xenon lamp is adopted to simulate the sunlight, and the power density is 1000W/m2At 25 ℃ in 10% chlorineSimulating the sodium dissolving solution to be a water body to be purified, wherein the height of the water body to be purified is 10 cm; the thermal conductivity of the water-permeable and heat-insulating layer is 0.20W/(m.K), and the collection amount of water per unit area in the embodiment is 1.24 kg/(m.K)2H), the photothermal conversion efficiency reaches 83%, the total absorbance of the photothermal layer at 300-1500nm is more than 96%, and the ion concentration of the condensed water meets the WHO drinking water standard.
Example 2
The condenser plate is similar to the embodiment 1, except that the inner surface of the condenser plate is provided with a coagulation promoting coating, the coagulation promoting coating consists of a hydrophobic coating and hydrophilic sites arrayed on the hydrophobic coating, wherein the area of the hydrophilic sites accounts for 20% of the area of the coagulation promoting coating;
the preparation method of the coagulation-promoting coating comprises the following steps:
s1 surface treatment
Ultrasonically cleaning the condensing plate for 1-2 times, washing with an ethanol solution, and after fully drying, performing plasma etching treatment on the surface of the condensing plate by using a mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen as a working gas for 60-100 s;
s2, pretreatment
According to the mass ratio of 1: 10 dissolving 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane in ethyl acetate to obtain a mixed liquid B, coating the mixed liquid B on one surface of the condensation plate, drying, coating again, drying again, and rinsing with absolute ethyl alcohol;
s3 preparation of hydrophilic site
Dissolving a cross-linking agent and a photoinitiator in dimethylformamide by taking pentaerythritol triacrylate as a cross-linking agent and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone as a photoinitiator, preparing solutions with the concentrations of 0.3% and 2.0% respectively, adding acrylic acid, fully mixing to prepare a mixed solution C, coating the mixed solution C on one pretreated surface of the condensation plate, irradiating the surface with array ultraviolet light obtained by using a hollow array light shielding plate, washing with a large amount of water and ethanol after the reaction is finished, and drying in vacuum;
wherein, in the mixed liquid C, the concentration of the acrylic acid is 0.5 mol/L;
s4 preparation of hydrophobic coating
Dissolving pentaerythritol triacrylate as a cross-linking agent and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone as a photoinitiator in dimethylformamide to prepare solutions with the concentrations of 0.3% and 2.0%, adding octyl perfluoromethacrylate, fully mixing to prepare a mixed solution D, coating the mixed solution D on the pretreated surface of the condensation plate, irradiating by using ultraviolet light, washing by using a large amount of water and ethanol after the reaction is finished, and drying in vacuum;
wherein the concentration of the perfluorooctyl methacrylate in the mixed liquid D is 0.5 mol/L.
The xenon lamp is adopted to simulate the sunlight, and the power density is 1000W/m2Simulating the water body to be purified by using a 10% sodium chloride solution at the ambient temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the height of the water body to be purified is 10 cm; the thermal conductivity of the water-permeable and heat-insulating layer is 0.20W/(m.K), and the collection amount of water per unit area in the embodiment is 1.46 kg/(m.K)2H), the photothermal conversion efficiency reaches 88%, the total absorbance of the photothermal layer at 300-1500nm is more than 96%, and the ion concentration of the condensed water meets the WHO drinking water standard.
Example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the water-permeable and heat-insulating layer is an unmodified nylon net film.
The xenon lamp is adopted to simulate the sunlight, and the power density is 1000W/m2Simulating the water body to be purified by using a 10% sodium chloride solution at the ambient temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the height of the water body to be purified is 10 cm; the thermal conductivity of the water-permeable and heat-insulating layer is 0.26W/(m.K), and the collection amount of water per unit area in the embodiment is 0.97 kg/(m.K)2H), the photothermal conversion efficiency reaches 78%, the total absorbance of the photothermal layer at 300-1500nm is more than 96%, and the ion concentration of the condensed water meets the WHO drinking water standard.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the photothermal layer is titanium nitride nanoparticles, and the preparation method of the photothermal layer is as follows:
ultrasonically dispersing titanium nitride nanoparticles in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and grinding by using a high-energy ball mill to obtain a titanium nitride colloidal solution with the mass concentration of 20%; ultrasonically cleaning an aluminum foil substrate for 1-2 times, washing with an ethanol solution, after fully drying, spin-coating the titanium nitride colloid solution on the aluminum foil substrate, baking at 160 ℃ for 5min, repeating spin-coating and baking, after cooling to room temperature, removing the substrate by acid cleaning, and thus obtaining the photothermal layer.
The xenon lamp is adopted to simulate the sunlight, and the power density is 1000W/m2Simulating the water body to be purified by using a 10% sodium chloride solution at the ambient temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the height of the water body to be purified is 10 cm; the thermal conductivity of the water-permeable and heat-insulating layer is 0.20W/(m.K), and the collection amount of water per unit area in the embodiment is 1.03 kg/(m.K)2H), the photothermal conversion efficiency reaches 78%, the total absorbance of the photothermal layer at 300-1500nm is more than 87%, and the ion concentration of the condensed water meets the WHO drinking water standard.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The water purification system for efficient water purification is characterized by comprising an evaporation device and a collection device, wherein the evaporation device comprises a water storage tank, a water body to be purified is placed in the water storage tank, a photo-thermal evaporation body is arranged on the water surface of the water body to be purified, the water storage tank is also provided with a water inlet pipe, the collection device comprises a transparent condensation plate, and the condensation plate is obliquely arranged above the evaporation device;
the photo-thermal evaporation body is sequentially provided with a permeable heat insulation layer, a hydrogel layer and a photo-thermal layer from bottom to top in a laminating manner.
2. The water purification system of high-efficiency water purification according to claim 1, wherein the water-permeable and heat-insulating layer is a polyvinylidene fluoride modified nylon net film, and the preparation method of the polyvinylidene fluoride modified nylon net film comprises the following steps:
soaking a nylon net film in an acetone solution, washing with deionized water and ethanol in sequence to obtain a pretreated nylon net film, soaking the pretreated nylon net film in a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and ammonium peroxydisulfate for etching for 20-30min at room temperature, washing the etched nylon net film with deionized water, and performing vacuum drying; dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride in dimethylformamide to prepare a polyvinylidene fluoride solution with the mass concentration of 10%, and depositing the polyvinylidene fluoride solution on the etched nylon net film by a single-side electrospinning method to prepare a single-side polyvinylidene fluoride modified nylon net film;
wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide and ammonium peroxodisulfate in the mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium peroxodisulfate is 2.5-3mol/L and 0.1-0.15mol/L respectively, the working voltage of single-side electrospinning is 20kv, the receiving distance is 15cm, the relative humidity of the electrospinning environment is 15-20%, and the ambient temperature is 25-30 ℃; and the unmodified surface of the nylon net film is attached to the hydrogel layer.
3. The water purification system for high-efficiency water purification according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogel layer is a polypyrrole-doped polyethylene glycol hydrogel, and the preparation method comprises:
weighing polypyrrole, dispersing the polypyrrole in a precursor solution containing polyethylene glycol and chitosan, adding a glutaraldehyde solution with the mass concentration of 20%, uniformly stirring, standing for 24h to enable the solution to be crosslinked and gelatinized to obtain a gel product, immersing the gel product into deionized water for purification, enabling the purification time to be 48-72h, changing water once every 12h, performing freeze thawing treatment on the purified gel, repeating the freeze thawing for 10 times, and performing segmentation molding to obtain the hydrogel layer;
wherein, in the precursor solution, the mass concentrations of the polyethylene glycol and the chitosan are respectively 15-20% and 5-8%; the mass ratio of the polypyrrole to the precursor solution and the glutaraldehyde solution is 1: (10-12): (6-10).
4. The water purification system of claim 1, wherein one surface of the hydrogel layer, which is attached to the photo-thermal layer, is modified with fluorine-containing silane by the following method:
adding 1 drop of 30% acetic acid solution into 50ml n-hexane, and adding 1-2ml perfluoro C8-10And (3) fully and uniformly stirring the alkyl triethoxysilane to obtain a mixed solution A, coating the mixed solution A on one side of the hydrogel layer, standing for 1-2h, and then carrying out heat treatment for 1h at 100 ℃.
5. The water purification system for high-efficiency water purification of claim 1, wherein the photothermal layer is composed of a titanium nitride nanoparticle absorption layer and a nano silicon dioxide layer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
ultrasonically dispersing titanium nitride nanoparticles in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and grinding by using a high-energy ball mill to obtain a titanium nitride colloidal solution with the mass concentration of 20%; ultrasonically cleaning an aluminum foil substrate for 1-2 times, washing with an ethanol solution, after fully drying, spin-coating the titanium nitride colloid solution on the aluminum foil substrate, baking for 5min at 160 ℃, repeating spin-coating and baking, after cooling to room temperature, spin-coating a layer of dibutyl ether solution of perhydropolysilazane on one surface coated with the titanium nitride solution, baking for 5min at 160 ℃ and baking for 120min at 200 ℃ in sequence, and removing the substrate by acid cleaning to obtain the photothermal layer;
wherein the mass concentration of the dibutyl ether solution of the perhydropolysilazane is 5%.
6. The water purification system for purifying water with high efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the condensation plate is a glass or quartz plate.
7. The water purification system for high efficiency water purification of claim 6, wherein the inner surface of the condensation plate is provided with a coagulation promoting coating, the coagulation promoting coating is composed of a hydrophobic coating and an array of hydrophilic sites disposed on the hydrophobic coating.
8. The water purification system for high efficiency water purification of claim 7, wherein the preparation method of the coagulation promoting coating comprises the following steps:
s1 surface treatment
Ultrasonically cleaning the condensing plate for 1-2 times, washing with an ethanol solution, and after fully drying, performing plasma etching treatment on the surface of the condensing plate by using a mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen as a working gas for 60-100 s;
s2, pretreatment
According to the mass ratio (5-20): 100, dissolving a mercaptosilane coupling agent in ethyl acetate to obtain a mixed solution B, coating the mixed solution B on one surface of the condensation plate, drying, coating again, drying again, and rinsing with absolute ethyl alcohol;
s3 preparation of hydrophilic site
Dissolving a cross-linking agent and a photoinitiator in dimethylformamide to prepare solutions with the concentrations of 0.2-0.4% and 2.0-3.0%, adding acrylic acid and/or acrylonitrile, fully mixing to prepare a mixed solution C, coating the mixed solution C on the pretreated surface of the condensation plate, irradiating the surface of the condensation plate with array ultraviolet light, washing the condensation plate with a large amount of water and ethanol after the reaction is finished, and drying the condensation plate in vacuum;
wherein, in the mixed liquid C, the concentration sum of the acrylic acid and the acrylonitrile is 0.5 mol/L;
s4 preparation of hydrophobic coating
Dissolving a cross-linking agent and a photoinitiator in dimethylformamide to prepare solutions with the concentrations of 0.2-0.4% and 2.0-3.0%, adding perfluorooctyl methacrylate, fully mixing to prepare a mixed solution D, coating the mixed solution D on one pretreated surface of the condensation plate, irradiating by using ultraviolet light, washing by using a large amount of water and ethanol after the reaction is finished, and drying in vacuum;
wherein the concentration of the perfluorooctyl methacrylate in the mixed liquid D is 0.5 mol/L.
9. The water purification system of claim 8, wherein the mercaptosilane coupling agent is 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane or 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane.
10. The water purification system of claim 8, wherein the cross-linking agent is pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, or trimethylolpropane triacrylate; the photoinitiator is 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-acetone or 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110197783.7A CN112960719B (en) | 2021-02-22 | 2021-02-22 | Water purification system of high-efficient water purification |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110197783.7A CN112960719B (en) | 2021-02-22 | 2021-02-22 | Water purification system of high-efficient water purification |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112960719A true CN112960719A (en) | 2021-06-15 |
| CN112960719B CN112960719B (en) | 2021-11-12 |
Family
ID=76285531
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110197783.7A Expired - Fee Related CN112960719B (en) | 2021-02-22 | 2021-02-22 | Water purification system of high-efficient water purification |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112960719B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113526599A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-22 | 合肥澳清源环保科技有限公司 | High-efficient solar energy vertical distillation device |
| CN113683242A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-11-23 | 同济大学 | Utilize solar energy to realize source separation urine and excrement and urine resourceization's processing system |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000356706A (en) * | 1994-12-13 | 2000-12-26 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Light absorbing reflection preventing body and its manufacture |
| CN105275051A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-01-27 | 武汉大学 | Air condensed water collector |
| CN107059251A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-08-18 | 东华大学 | The preparation method of one-way wet-guide nanofiber multilayer complex films with wetting gradient |
| US20180327279A1 (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-11-15 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Hybrid hydrogel for highly efficient solar generation of steam |
| CN110372056A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-25 | 上海交通大学 | The vaporising device and vapo(u)rization system of high speed evaporation are carried out using a variety of physical fields |
| CN110980848A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-10 | 浙江大学 | Efficient solar seawater desalination device and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111302423A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-19 | 安徽大学 | Solar water purifier based on interface solar photothermal conversion |
-
2021
- 2021-02-22 CN CN202110197783.7A patent/CN112960719B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000356706A (en) * | 1994-12-13 | 2000-12-26 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Light absorbing reflection preventing body and its manufacture |
| CN105275051A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-01-27 | 武汉大学 | Air condensed water collector |
| US20180327279A1 (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-11-15 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Hybrid hydrogel for highly efficient solar generation of steam |
| CN107059251A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-08-18 | 东华大学 | The preparation method of one-way wet-guide nanofiber multilayer complex films with wetting gradient |
| CN110372056A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-25 | 上海交通大学 | The vaporising device and vapo(u)rization system of high speed evaporation are carried out using a variety of physical fields |
| CN110980848A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-10 | 浙江大学 | Efficient solar seawater desalination device and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111302423A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-19 | 安徽大学 | Solar water purifier based on interface solar photothermal conversion |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113683242A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-11-23 | 同济大学 | Utilize solar energy to realize source separation urine and excrement and urine resourceization's processing system |
| CN113526599A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-22 | 合肥澳清源环保科技有限公司 | High-efficient solar energy vertical distillation device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112960719B (en) | 2021-11-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN111302423B (en) | Solar water purifier based on interface solar photothermal conversion | |
| CN112960719B (en) | Water purification system of high-efficient water purification | |
| CN205717132U (en) | A kind of device producing steam based on photothermal deformation | |
| CN112978834B (en) | Solar seawater desalination device of water surface floating type condenser | |
| CN113023809B (en) | Preparation method of membrane material for solar interface evaporation seawater desalination | |
| Yu et al. | Recent advances in interfacial solar vapor generation: clean water production and beyond | |
| CN108925309B (en) | Self-water supply system for agricultural greenhouse | |
| CN111892742A (en) | Photo-thermal conversion polymer solar energy absorption material and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN113860413B (en) | Solar evaporator based on biomass hydrogel/nano carbon material and application thereof | |
| CN110218354A (en) | A kind of polyvinyl alcohol carbon nanotube gel rubber material for photo-thermal Steam Reforming | |
| CN114392698B (en) | High-stability photo-thermal water gel sponge and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN115490285B (en) | Chocolate bar-shaped composite solar evaporator and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN114873677B (en) | Solar photo-thermal conversion water treatment method and device for resisting salt deposition | |
| Li et al. | Reduced graphene oxide composite fiber for solar-driven evaporation and seawater desalination | |
| CN107158968A (en) | A kind of composite semipermeable membrane containing semiconductor chalcogenide, preparation method and the usage that water is evaporated for light | |
| CN113882154A (en) | Flexible PPy/MXene-PDA photo-thermal fabric for solar evaporator and preparation method thereof | |
| Zhang et al. | Sandwich-structured evaporator with multilayer confined heating interface for boosting solar vapor generation | |
| Su et al. | Janus MXene-based photothermal membrane for efficient and durable water evaporation | |
| CN114772670A (en) | Evaporator, manufacturing method thereof and seawater desalination device | |
| Zhao et al. | Performance investigation of a novel solar direct-drive sweeping gas membrane distillation system with a multi-surface concentrator | |
| He et al. | Photocorrosion-based BiOCl photothermal materials for synergistic solar-driven desalination and photoelectrochemistry energy storage and release | |
| Li et al. | Ultrahigh solar vapor evaporation rate of super-hydrophilic aerogel by introducing environmental energy and convective flow | |
| CN210419368U (en) | Solar photo-thermal membrane distillation device | |
| CN113372620B (en) | Photo-thermal conversion material with nano heterostructure and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN210380766U (en) | Waterproof connecting layer and special device for solar cogeneration |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20211112 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |