CN112959766A - 一种石墨烯加热片及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石墨烯加热片及其制备方法和应用。本发明的石墨烯加热片的组成结构包括由下而上依次设置的下绝缘层、发热层、铜导电层和上绝缘层,还包括设置在铜导电层上的正电极和负电极;所述发热层的组成包括柔性基材层和涂覆在柔性基材层两面的石墨烯发热层;所述正电极和负电极表面均涂覆有具有正温度系数热敏电阻效应的陶瓷粉末涂层;所述石墨烯发热层与铜导电层电连接。本发明的石墨烯加热片具有可折叠、使用寿命长、成本低、加热速度快、安全性好等优点,可以用于锂离子电池低温加热,且还可以实现自限温效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及锂离子电池技术领域,具体涉及一种石墨烯加热片及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着能源危机和环境污染问题的日益凸显,节能减排已形成全球共识,而由于纯电动汽车具有零排放、低噪音、能源效率高等特点,是较理想的节能环保车型之一,全世界都在大力推广。
锂离子动力电池是目前使用最广泛的动力电池,是纯电动汽车的主要动力来源,其性能和使用寿命会直接影响纯电动汽车整车的性能和使用寿命。众所周知,随着季节变换,新能源汽车不可避免要在低温环境下工作,在低温环境下锂离子动力电池内部的锂离子的扩散会变得缓慢,电解液的电导率会下降,内部接触电阻会增大,各种化学反应速率会变小,最终会导致锂离子动力电池的充放电性能和可用容量急剧衰减。此外,在低温环境下对锂离子电池进行充放电还会导致析锂现象的发生,当锂枝晶生长达到一定程度时会刺破隔膜,导致安全事故的发生。因此,需要设置加热装置对锂离子电池进行加热,保证锂离子电池在低温环境下也能够正常工作并发挥足够好的性能。然而,目前市面上的锂离子动力电池加热装置普遍存在结构复杂、成本高、换热效率低、结构灵活性差、使用寿命较短等一系列问题,均难以完全满足实际应用需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种石墨烯加热片及其制备方法和应用。
本发明所采取的技术方案是:
一种石墨烯加热片,其组成结构包括由下而上依次设置的下绝缘层、发热层、铜导电层和上绝缘层,还包括设置在铜导电层上的正电极和负电极;所述发热层的组成包括柔性基材层和涂覆在柔性基材层两面的石墨烯发热层;所述正电极和负电极表面均涂覆有具有正温度系数热敏电阻效应的陶瓷粉末涂层;所述石墨烯发热层与铜导电层电连接。
优选的,所述上绝缘层为聚酰亚胺(PI)膜或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)膜,厚度为0.07mm~0.13mm。
优选的,所述发热层有一个或多个。
优选的,所述铜导电层为铜箔、迂回型布置的铜线中的一种。
进一步优选的,所述铜导电层为迂回型布置的铜线。
优选的,所述上绝缘层为聚酰亚胺膜或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,厚度为0.07mm~0.13mm。
优选的,所述柔性基材层为芳纶纤维(AF)膜、氟化乙烯丙烯共聚物(FEP)膜中的一种。
进一步优选的,所述柔性基材层为芳纶纤维膜。芳纶纤维膜与石墨烯发热层粘合紧密,不易老化脱落,且芳纶纤维膜耐折叠,可以折叠成卷膜状,可以裁剪成任意尺寸或任意形状,使用寿命更长。
优选的,所述石墨烯发热层的组成包括粘合剂、石墨烯和分散剂。石墨烯发热层具有质量轻、可与其他材料进行复合、憎水、可冲压、耐酸碱、高效节能等优点,且可以快速加热,加载一定的功率密度石墨烯加热片1s便可升温300℃。
优选的,所述粘合剂、石墨烯、分散剂的质量比为3~5:100:2~3。
优选的,所述粘合剂为耐受温度≥260℃的有机硅树脂、耐受温度≥260℃的环氧树脂、耐受温度≥260℃的聚酰亚胺、耐受温度≥260℃的双马来酰亚胺中的至少一种。耐受温度≥260℃可以保证石墨烯加热片在180℃~260℃的温度范围内长期使用,增加了使用寿命。
上述石墨烯加热片的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将石墨烯和粘合剂混合均匀后涂覆在柔性基材层两面形成石墨烯发热层,得到发热单元;
2)在发热单元的一面贴合铜导电层,铜导电层与发热单元中的石墨烯发热层进行电连接,再在铜导电层上设置正电极和负电极,并在正电极和负电极表面涂覆具有正温度系数热敏电阻效应的陶瓷粉末涂层,再用绝缘层材料将整个器件包覆,即得石墨烯加热片。
一种锂离子电池加热装置,包含上述石墨烯加热片。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的石墨烯加热片具有可折叠、使用寿命长、成本低、加热速度快、安全性好等优点,可以用于锂离子电池低温加热,且还可以实现自限温效果。
具体来说:
1)本发明的石墨烯加热片结构设计简单合理且制备工艺简单,可以通过选用不同种类的柔性基材来调节发热层的强度、功率密度等,且发热膜表面温度均匀,热量能够均匀散发,减少了能量的损失;
2)本发明的石墨烯加热片中的正电极和负电极表面均涂覆有具有正温度系数热敏电阻效应的陶瓷粉末涂层,当加热片温度上升至设定温度时,电阻会呈指数级增大,阻断电流,停止加热,实现自限温的效果,大大提高了石墨烯加热片的使用寿命与安全性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的石墨烯加热片剖面的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的石墨烯加热片中的铜导电层的结构示意图。
图3为迂回型布置的铜线构成的铜导电层的示意图。
图4为本发明的石墨烯加热片用于锂离子电池低温加热时的缠绕方式示意图。
附图标识说明:10、下绝缘层;20、发热层;201、柔性基材层;202、石墨烯发热层;30、铜导电层;40、上绝缘层;50、正电极;60、负电极;70、具有正温度系数热敏电阻效应的陶瓷粉末涂层。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的解释和说明。
如图1~3所示,一种石墨烯加热片,其组成结构包括由下而上依次设置的下绝缘层10、发热层20、铜导电层30和上绝缘层40,还包括设置在铜导电层30上的正电极50和负电极60;所述发热层20的组成包括柔性基材层201和涂覆在柔性基材层两面的石墨烯发热层202;所述正电极50和负电极60表面均涂覆有具有正温度系数热敏电阻效应的陶瓷粉末涂层70;所述石墨烯发热层202与铜导电层30电连接;所述柔性基材层201为芳纶纤维膜;所述下绝缘层10为聚酰亚胺膜;所述上绝缘层40为聚酰亚胺膜;所述铜导电层30为迂回型布置的铜线。
上述石墨烯加热片的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将3质量份的聚酰亚胺(耐受温度≥260℃)和3质量份的羧甲基纤维素钠加入50质量份的去离子水中,进行搅拌,再加入100质量份的石墨烯,进行搅拌,制成石墨烯浆料,再将石墨烯浆料均匀涂布在芳纶纤维膜两面,涂覆量为0.3mL/cm2,烘干,在芳纶纤维膜两面形成石墨烯发热层,得到发热单元;
2)在发热单元的一面贴合铜导电层,铜导电层为迂回型布置的铜线(结构示意图如图3所示),铜导电层与发热单元中的石墨烯发热层进行电连接,再在铜导电层上设置正电极和负电极,正电极和负电极与电源线连接,并在正电极和负电极表面涂覆厚度0.02mm的具有正温度系数热敏电阻效应的陶瓷粉末(国瓷新材HBT-006纳米钛酸钡粉体)涂层,再用聚酰亚胺将整个器件包覆,形成厚度0.01mm的绝缘层,即得石墨烯加热片。
上述石墨烯加热片用于锂离子电池低温加热时的缠绕方式示意图如图4所示。
经测试,上述石墨烯加热片中的发热层的单位功率密度大于1000W/m2,最高可达1500W/m2,该石墨烯加热片能够在180℃~260℃范围内长期使用,具有良好的应用前景。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种石墨烯加热片,其特征在于,其组成结构包括由下而上依次设置的下绝缘层、发热层、铜导电层和上绝缘层,还包括设置在铜导电层上的正电极和负电极;所述发热层的组成包括柔性基材层和涂覆在柔性基材层两面的石墨烯发热层;所述正电极和负电极表面均涂覆有具有正温度系数热敏电阻效应的陶瓷粉末涂层;所述石墨烯发热层与铜导电层电连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯加热片,其特征在于:所述下绝缘层为聚酰亚胺膜或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,厚度为0.07mm~0.13mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯加热片,其特征在于:所述发热层有一个或多个。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的石墨烯加热片,其特征在于:所述铜导电层为铜箔、迂回型布置的铜线中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的石墨烯加热片,其特征在于:所述上绝缘层为聚酰亚胺薄膜或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,厚度为0.07mm~0.13mm。
6.根据权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的石墨烯加热片,其特征在于:所述柔性基材层为芳纶纤维膜、氟化乙烯丙烯共聚物膜中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的石墨烯加热片,其特征在于:所述石墨烯发热层的组成包括粘合剂、石墨烯和分散剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的石墨烯加热片,其特征在于:所述粘合剂为耐受温度≥260℃的有机硅树脂、耐受温度≥260℃的环氧树脂、耐受温度≥260℃的聚酰亚胺、耐受温度≥260℃的双马来酰亚胺中的至少一种。
9.权利要求1~8中任意一项所述的石墨烯加热片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将石墨烯和粘合剂混合均匀后涂覆在柔性基材层两面形成石墨烯发热层,得到发热单元;
2)在发热单元的一面贴合铜导电层,铜导电层与发热单元中的石墨烯发热层进行电连接,再在铜导电层上设置正电极和负电极,并在正电极和负电极表面涂覆具有正温度系数热敏电阻效应的陶瓷粉末涂层,再用绝缘层材料将整个器件包覆,即得石墨烯加热片。
10.一种锂离子电池加热装置,其特征在于,包含权利要求1~8中任意一项所述的石墨烯加热片。
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