CN112958774A - Surface composite ceramic iron-based material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Surface composite ceramic iron-based material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112958774A CN112958774A CN202110085616.3A CN202110085616A CN112958774A CN 112958774 A CN112958774 A CN 112958774A CN 202110085616 A CN202110085616 A CN 202110085616A CN 112958774 A CN112958774 A CN 112958774A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/06—Alloys based on chromium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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Abstract
A surface composite ceramic iron-based material and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of surface treatment. 10 to 12 percent of ferrotitanium powder, 8.0 to 9.5 percent of ferrovanadium powder, 5 to 6 percent of metallic nickel powder, 23 to 25 percent of carbon ferrochromium powder, 1.0 to 1.2 percent of metallic tin powder and 8 to 10 percent of B4C powder, 35-38% of WC powder, 1.3-1.5% of dry sawdust and 2.5-2.8% of phenolic resin are uniformly stirred to obtain a multi-element coating material, the multi-element coating material is coated on the surface of a casting mould, the coating thickness is 1.5-6.5mm, the coating position corresponds to the working position of a casting, and the surface composite ceramic iron-based material is obtained after molten steel is poured, solidified and air cooled, and has the characteristics of high hardness, good wear resistance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a ceramic iron-based material and a preparation method thereof, in particular relates to a surface composite ceramic iron-based material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of surface treatment.
Background
The ceramic material has the advantages of high melting point, high hardness, high wear resistance, oxidation resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like. In particular Al2O3The ceramic particles have high hardness, good high-temperature stability, wide sources and low price, and are ceramic materials with wide application. However, ceramic materials are directly used for manufacturing stressed wear-resistant and heat-resistant parts due to high brittleness, and are extremely easy to crack in use, so that the normal operation of production equipment is seriously influenced. To reduce Al2O3Brittle ceramics of Al2O3Adding pure ZrO2Particles of, form ZrO2When the content of the toughened alumina ceramic is proper, the toughness can be obviously improved. The main reason is ZrO2The addition of the zirconium oxide leads the matrix of the aluminum oxide crystal grains to be refined, and the zirconium oxide is subjected to phase change toughening at high temperature. However, the pure use of ZrO2The fracture toughness of the toughened alumina ceramic can only be achieved6MPa.m1/2On the other hand, it cannot be used for manufacturing large wear-resistant and heat-resistant parts.
The steel material has the characteristics of wide raw material source, simple and convenient production process, high strength, good toughness and the like, and is widely applied to the field of wear resistance and heat resistance. However, common steel materials are low in hardness and poor in wear resistance, and in order to improve the wear resistance of the steel materials, the Chinese patent CN 109385500A discloses a multi-alloy wear-resistant cast steel bucket tooth for an electric shovel, which is characterized in that the cast steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0 to 2.0 weight percent of C, 0.8 to 1.2 weight percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.4 weight percent of Ti, 12.0 to 20.0 weight percent of Cr12, 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of Mn, 1.0 to 2.0 weight percent of Ni, 0.2 to 1.0 weight percent of Mo0, 0.1 to 0.3 weight percent of Co0, 0.5 to 1.0 weight percent of V, 0.1 to 0.3 weight percent of W, 0.2 to 0.3 weight percent of Y, 0.1 to 0.2 weight percent of Sn, 0.06 to 0.10 weight percent of P,0.02 to 0.06 weight percent of S, and the balance of Fe and impurities. The Chinese invention patent CN 107502815A also discloses a high-strength wear-resistant multi-element alloy material and a preparation method thereof; the method comprises the following steps of synthesizing metal and nonmetal, wherein the mass fraction is as follows: carbon (C): 2.8% -3.6%; chromium (Cr): 30% -33%; nickel (Ni): 8-10%; molybdenum (Mo): 3.0% -5.0%; manganese (Mn): 1.8% -2.5%; silicon (Si): 0.1% -3.0%; tungsten (W): 3.0% -4.5%; vanadium (V): 0.3% -0.5%; copper (Cu): 2.5-3.5%; niobium (Nb): 0.5% -1.0%; rhenium (Re): 0.2 percent; the balance of iron (Fe), titanium (Ti) and other elements. The chinese invention patent CN 103938106a also discloses a chromium-nickel-copper-vanadium-niobium-nitrogen high-temperature heat-resistant and wear-resistant cast steel, which comprises the following chemical components (by weight percent): 0.3-2.0% of C, 1.36-2.50% of Si, 0.83-2.50% of Mn, 20.0-46.0% of Cr20.0, 7.0-50.0% of Ni0, 0.05-1.50% of Cu0, 0.05-5.20% of V, 0.04-2.50% of Nb0.05-0.50% of N, 0.05-0.50% of RE, less than or equal to 0.06% of P, less than or equal to 0.04% of S, and the balance of Fe. However, the above-mentioned steel materials require a large amount of expensive alloying elements, which leads to a drastic increase in the production cost of the steel materials.
In order to reduce the manufacturing cost of the wear-resistant material and improve the wear resistance of the material, the iron with good toughness and the ceramic with excellent wear resistance are compounded and grownThe ceramic reinforced iron-based wear-resistant material has attracted wide attention of material technologists. The Chinese invention patent CN111283196A discloses an iron-based ceramic composite material thin-wall revolving body component and a laser additive manufacturing method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) providing mixed powder, wherein the raw materials of the mixed powder comprise nickel powder, silicon carbide ceramic powder and iron powder or iron alloy powder; (2) and in the coaxial laser additive manufacturing process, the position of a single-layer additive starting point is periodically changed until additive manufacturing is finished. The invention not only improves the mechanical property of the raw material system, enlarges the application range of the raw material system and further improves the anti-deformation capability of the raw material system in the laser additive manufacturing process, but also effectively solves the negative influence of the addition of ceramic particles on the manufacturability in the laser additive manufacturing process. The Chinese invention patent CN110318051A also discloses a laser cladding rare earth modified iron-based ceramic composite long-life high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance marine equipment piston rod coating and a preparation process thereof, wherein the coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 15-19%, Mn: 1-2%, Mo: 5-8%, W: 1-2%, B: 11-16%, C: 2-5%, Si: 1-3% of ceramic powder: 8-10% of rare earth oxide powder: 0.5-2%, Fe: and (4) the balance. The coating is taken as a cladding material, and the laser cladding is adopted to obtain the laser cladding rare earth modified iron-based ceramic composite piston rod coating with long service life, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance for marine equipment, the coating has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, the surface hardness of the coating is high, the binding force with a base material is strong, a large load can be borne, and the problems that the existing coating is easy to peel off, corrode and is in service in a wear environment and the like are effectively solved. The invention has the advantages of low production cost, reliable preparation method process and stable performance, and is suitable for large-scale application on fresh water and marine equipment facilities. The Chinese invention patent CN106187179A also discloses wear-resistant ZrO for preparing steel-based composite material reinforcement2-Al2O3The complex phase ceramic particles are characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 10-45% stabilized ZrO2And 55-90% of Al2O3(ii) a In which ZrO is stabilized2Comprises MgO and TiO2、Y2O3One or more than two stabilizers mixed in any proportion, wherein the content of the stabilizers does not exceed ZrO25% by weight; the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) will stabilize ZrO2And Al2O3The powder is proportionally filled into a ball milling tank for ball milling, and the stable ZrO2And Al2O3The dosage of the powder is stabilized ZrO respectively in percentage by mass210-45% and Al2O355 to 90 percent; (2) putting the mixture after ball milling into a mould for isostatic pressing to prepare ZrO2-Al2O3A complex phase ceramic green body; (3) putting the complex phase ceramic blank into an electric furnace for sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2-3 hours; (4) crushing and screening the sintered complex phase ceramic blank to obtain complex phase ceramic particles with rough surfaces of 0.5-7 mm; (5) and (3) putting the ceramic particles with the thickness of 0.5-7mm into an electric furnace for sintering and cooling in sequence, wherein the sintering temperature rise speed is less than 60 ℃/h, the sintering temperature is 1500-1600 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2-3 hours, the cooling speed is less than 100 ℃/h, and the ceramic particles are cooled to 500-600 ℃ and then taken out of the furnace for air cooling.
The Chinese invention patent CN107653430A discloses a composite powder material for preparing a metal-based composite coating, which is characterized in that the powder comprises two components of iron-based amorphous alloy powder and ceramic; the iron-based amorphous alloy powder comprises the following raw materials in mass: b, iron and boron: 21.34-26.57%, ferrocolumbium: 10.8% -13.6%, ferrosilicon: 1% -6%, pure chromium: 14 to 17 percent of pure iron and 39 to 47 percent of pure iron; the ceramic powder raw material is YSZ; the B content in the ferroboron is as follows by mass percent: 16% -20%; the mass percentage of Nb in the ferrocolumbium is as follows: 63% -67%; the Si content in the ferrosilicon is as follows by mass percent: 73 to 77 percent. The Chinese invention patent CN104191163A also discloses an iron-based metal ceramic composite guide roller, which is characterized in that; the composite guide roller comprises a high ceramic layer, a high metal layer and an annular steel block in sequence from outside to inside, wherein the specific formula of the high ceramic layer comprises 30-50 wt% of 400-mesh TiC powder, 39-57 wt% of Fe powder, 1-2 wt% of Mo powder, 3-4 wt% of Ni powder and 7-8 wt% of Cr powder; the transition layer is a high metal layer, and the specific formula comprises 15 wt% -25 wt% of 400-mesh TiC powder, 62 wt% -72 wt% of Fe powder, 1 wt% -2 wt% of Mo powder, 4 wt% of Ni powder and 7 wt% -8 wt% of Cr powder. The Chinese invention patent CN106869928A also discloses an iron-based metal ceramic composite cutting pick, which comprises a steel base and a hard alloy head arranged on the steel base; an iron-based metal ceramic layer is laid on the hard alloy head and consists of titanium carbide ceramic particles and an iron alloy binding phase, wherein the weight percentage of the titanium carbide ceramic particles is 35-85%; the iron-based metal ceramic layer extends to the upper part of the steel seat, and the iron-based metal ceramic layer is connected with the steel seat through sintering; by adopting the technical scheme, the iron-based metal ceramic composite cutting pick can form a good protection effect on the hard alloy head through the iron-based metal ceramic layer on the cutting pick, and the iron-based metal ceramic layer can provide good hardness and strength by adopting titanium carbide ceramic particles with higher weight percentage, so that the abrasion of the hard alloy head is avoided in the working process of the hard alloy head. The Chinese invention patent CN104118166A also discloses a sintering and welding integrated process of the steel and iron-based metal ceramic composite, which is characterized in that: the composite body comprises a high ceramic layer, a high metal layer and a metal layer in sequence from outside to inside, wherein the specific formula of the high ceramic layer comprises 30-50 wt% of 400-mesh TiC powder, 39-57 wt% of Fe powder, 1-2 wt% of Mo powder, 3-4 wt% of Ni powder and 7-8 wt% of Cr powder; the transition layer is a high metal layer, the specific formula is 20 wt% -23 wt% of 400-mesh TiC powder, 62 wt% -72 wt% of Fe powder, 1 wt% -2 wt% of Mo powder, 3 wt% -4 wt% of Ni powder and 7 wt% -8 wt% of Cr powder, and the sum of all the components is 100 wt%; the metal layer is made of steel, the granularity of the Fe powder, the Mo powder, the Ni powder and the Cr powder is 190-plus-210 meshes, and the high metal layer is arranged into one or more layers; the specific process comprises the following steps of 1) respectively and uniformly mixing the prepared powder, laying a high metal layer on the upper surface of the metal layer through a die, then laying a high ceramic layer, pressing to form a composite blank with an outer high ceramic layer, a middle high metal transition layer and a metal layer at the bottom; 2) putting the composite blank obtained in the step 1) into a vacuum furnace, and vacuumizing; 3) then heating to 290-310 ℃ at the speed of 8-12 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1 hour; 4) then heating to 590-610 ℃ at the speed of 8-12 ℃/min, and then preserving heat for 1 hour; 5) continuously heating at the speed of 8-12 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 8-12min every 300 ℃ until the sintering temperature is 1330-1360 ℃; 6) after sintering for 1 hour, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and obtaining the iron-based titanium carbide metal ceramic composite with the upper surface being metal ceramic and the lower part being steel. The Chinese invention patent CN105689642A also discloses a preparation method of the common cast iron-based ceramic composite vertical mill grinding roller, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting fused zirconia corundum particles with the particle size of 2-4mm, wherein the fused zirconia corundum particles comprise 21-28 wt% of Al, 29-33 wt% of Zr and the balance of O in percentage by mass, and the hardness of the particles is HRC 70-75; 2) mixing the fused zirconia-corundum particles with 2-4 wt% of binder, and adding 1-3 wt% of mixed powder of aluminum powder and rare earth powder while mixing; uniformly mixing and spreading in a mould, placing in an oven at the temperature of 150-; 3) putting the obtained zirconia-corundum ceramic particle prefabricated body into a sand mold cavity of a grinding roller of a vertical mill, arranging the prefabricated body side by side along the arc surface of the mold cavity, and fixing the prefabricated body through a core support; 4) uniformly distributing a plurality of ingates and risers in the sand mold, preheating the mold cavity by using an air heater after the mold is closed to reach 150-plus-300 ℃, then pouring molten iron of high-chromium cast iron, wherein the temperature of the molten iron is 1350-plus-1500 ℃, cooling the mold after pouring, and opening the mold to take out the parts when the temperature of the mold cavity is lower than 200 ℃; 5) the obtained iron-based ceramic composite material vertical mill grinding roller is subjected to heat treatment, and the process comprises the following steps: air quenching treatment is carried out firstly, the temperature is 800-; then air cooling treatment is carried out at the temperature of 400-. However, the process for preparing the composite ceramic iron-based material by adopting the method is complex, the thickness of the prepared composite ceramic iron-based material is too large, and laser cladding equipment is required to be adopted if a thinner composite ceramic iron-based material is to be prepared, so that the production cost is high. In addition, the ceramic particles are added into the composite ceramic iron-based material, the bonding strength of the ceramic particles and the iron-based metal matrix is low, and the ceramic particles are easy to peel off in the using process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to meet the requirements of a rolling mill guide plate and the like that the surface has excellent wear resistance and heat resistance and the inside has excellent obdurability, and a surface composite ceramic iron-based material with the thickness of 2-8mm is prepared on the surface of high-obdurability alloy steel, and the preparation process comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, crushing ferrotitanium, ferrovanadium, metallic nickel, carbon ferrochromium and metallic tin to 160 mu m of 120-fold materials to respectively obtain ferrotitanium powder, ferrovanadium powder, metallic nickel powder, carbon ferrochromium powder and metallic tin powder, and then, mixing 10-12% of ferrotitanium powder, 8.0-9.5% of ferrovanadium powder, 5-6% of metallic nickel powder, 23-25% of carbon ferrochromium powder, 1.0-1.2% of metallic tin powder and 8-10% of B by mass4Mixing C powder 35-38% of WC powder, 1.3-1.5% of dry sawdust and 2.5-2.8% of phenolic resin, stirring uniformly to obtain multi-element coating material, wherein the size of WC powder is 32-40 μm, B4The size of the C powder is 20-25 μm; then coating the multi-element coating material on the surface of a casting mold, wherein the coating thickness is 2.0-8.0mm, the coating position corresponds to the working part of the casting, and the coating position is positioned at the position where molten metal flows into a cavity of the casting mold;
secondly, pouring molten steel smelted by an electric furnace into the casting mold cavity in the first step, wherein the molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.31-0.39% of C, 2.77-2.93% of Si, 2.54-2.69% of Mn, 0.42-0.49% of Mo, 1.33-1.52% of Al, 0.041-0.058% of Y, 0.038-0.063% of Ca,<0.027％S,<0.035% P, balance Fe; the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1683-1691 ℃; the multielement coating material can be melted and decomposed under the heat action of high-temperature molten steel, and TiB is synthesized in situ2VC, TiC and M7C3And (M ═ Cr, Fe) hard phase, and air cooling to obtain the surface composite ceramic iron-based material.
The chemical composition and the mass fraction of the ferrotitanium are as follows: 39.17-40.84% of Ti, less than or equal to 9.0% of Al, less than or equal to 3.0% of Si, less than or equal to 0.03% of S, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.10% of C, less than or equal to 0.40% of Cu, less than or equal to 2.5% of Mn and the balance of Fe.
The mass fraction of the chemical components of the ferrovanadium is as follows: 49.10-50.75% V, less than or equal to 2.0% Si, less than or equal to 0.05% P, less than or equal to 0.05% S, and the balance Fe.
The carbon ferrochrome comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 64.52 to 65.49 percent of Cr, 7.76 to 7.94 percent of C, 2.09 to 2.45 percent of Si, and the balance of Fe.
In order to meet the requirements of a steel rolling mill guide plate and the like that the surface has excellent wear resistance and heat resistance and the inside has excellent obdurability, a surface composite ceramic iron-based material with the thickness of 2-8mm is prepared on the surface of high-obdurability alloy steel, ferrotitanium, ferrovanadium, metallic nickel, carbon ferrochrome and metallic tin are crushed to 160 mu m of 120-doped iron to respectively obtain ferrotitanium powder, ferrovanadium powder, metallic nickel powder, carbon ferrochrome powder and metallic tin powder, and then the ferrotitanium powder with the mass fraction of 10-12 percent, the ferrovanadium powder with the mass fraction of 8.0-9.5 percent, the metallic nickel powder with the mass fraction of 5-6 percent, the carbon ferrochrome powder with the mass fraction of 23-25 percent, the metallic tin powder with the mass fraction of 1.0-1.2 percent and the B powder with the mass fraction of 84C powder, 35-38% of WC powder, 1.3-1.5% of dry sawdust and 2.5-2.8% of phenolic resin are evenly stirred to obtain the multi-element coating material. The multi-element coating material contains 35-38% of WC powder by mass, and the size of the WC powder is 32-40 mu m. The WC has high melting point which reaches 2870 ℃, good high-temperature stability and high WC hardness, and can be locally dissolved under the thermal action of high-temperature molten steel, so that the WC can be firmly combined in a steel matrix after the molten steel is solidified, and can not be peeled off in use.
The multielement coating material comprises 10-12% of ferrotitanium powder, 8.0-9.5% of ferrovanadium powder, 23-25% of carbon ferrochromium powder and 8-10% of B by mass4And C, powder. Because the ferrotitanium only contains 39.17-40.84% of Ti, the melting point is about 1500 ℃; the ferrovanadium only contains 49.10-50.75% V, and the melting point is about 1540 ℃; the carbon ferrochrome only contains 64.52-65.49% of Cr and 7.76-7.94% of C, and the melting point is about 1520-; under the thermal action of high-temperature molten steel, ferrotitanium, ferrovanadium and carbon ferrochromium are melted, and when the molten steel is solidified, VC, TiC and M can be synthesized in situ7C3(M ═ Cr, Fe) hard phase. In addition, B4The size of the C powder is 20-25 μm, although B4The melting point of C is higher, about 2350 ℃, under the action of high-temperature molten steel, the surface of C is easy to dissolve, is decomposed into B and C, is combined with Ti, and in-situ precipitates TiB2And TiC phase, finally obtaining TiB precipitated in situ on the surface of the casting2VC, TiC and M7C3Hard phase (M ═ Cr, Fe), WC and B which are firmly bonded to the steel substrate4C adding particles.
According to the inventionThe multi-element coating material also contains 5-6% of metallic nickel powder, nickel is non-carbide and boride generating element, and is mainly dissolved in the metal matrix, so that the room temperature strength and high temperature strength of the matrix are improved, and TiB embedded in the matrix is ensured2、VC、TiC、M7C3WC and B4The C particles can be well supported by the matrix, and can not be peeled off or chipped in the using process. The sizes of the ferrotitanium, the ferrovanadium, the metallic nickel and the carbon ferrochrome are controlled to be 160 mu m and 120-160 mu m, and the main reason is that if the sizes are too small, the ferrotitanium, the ferrovanadium, the metallic nickel and the carbon ferrochrome are rapidly melted under the action of high-temperature molten steel, and enter a casting mold cavity along with the high-temperature molten steel, so that the composite ceramic iron-based material cannot be obtained on the surface of a casting; if the size is too large, after the high-temperature molten steel completely enters the cavity of the casting mold, ferrotitanium, ferrovanadium, metallic nickel and carbon ferrochrome cannot be completely melted, and finally, part of ferrotitanium, ferrovanadium, metallic nickel and carbon ferrochrome can remain at the position where the surface of the casting mold is coated with the multi-element coating material, so that the comprehensive performance of the surface composite ceramic iron-based material can be reduced. When the sizes of the ferrotitanium, the ferrovanadium, the metallic nickel and the carbon ferrochrome are controlled at 120-160 mu m, the ferrotitanium, the ferrovanadium, the metallic nickel and the carbon ferrochrome can be ensured to be completely melted, and TiB is precipitated on the surface of the casting in situ2VC, TiC and M7C3And (M ═ Cr, Fe) hard phase, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the surface composite ceramic iron-based material are improved.
The multi-element coating material also contains 1.0-1.2% of metallic tin powder, 1.3-1.5% of dry sawdust and 2.5-2.8% of phenolic resin, wherein 2.5-2.8% of phenolic resin is added, so that the multi-element coating material has better bonding strength, is firmly bonded with the surface of a casting mold, and cannot be scattered under the action of high-temperature molten steel. Adding 1.0-1.2% of metallic tin powder, wherein the tin melting point is low and about 232 ℃, the tin can be rapidly melted under the action of high-temperature molten steel, and the tin can completely enter a casting mold cavity along with the high-temperature molten steel, so that more micropores appear in the multi-element coating material, and the high-temperature molten steel is promoted to enter a casting mold. And 1.3-1.5% of dry sawdust is also added, and the dry sawdust is combustible, has low cost and is quickly combusted under the action of high-temperature molten steel, so that a plurality of pores appear in the multi-element coating material, and the high-temperature molten steel is accelerated to enter a casting mold. In addition, the tin element entering the cavity of the casting mold can improve the strength of the steel, and the addition of the tin can inhibit the weight increment of the steel in the early stage of oxidation and improve the oxidation resistance of the steel.
The invention coats the multi-element coating material on the surface of the casting mold, the coating thickness is 2.0-8.0mm, the coating position corresponds to the working part of the casting, and the coating position is positioned at the position where molten metal flows into the casting mold, so that the multi-element coating material is ensured to remove WC and B under the action of high-temperature molten steel4All the rest except C are melted and TiB is precipitated in situ2VC, TiC and M7C3(M ═ Cr, Fe) hard phase. Molten steel smelted by an electric furnace is poured into a casting cavity of which the surface is coated with a multi-element coating material. The molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.31-0.39% of C, 2.77-2.93% of Si, 2.54-2.69% of Mn, 0.42-0.49% of Mo, 1.33-1.52% of Al, 0.041-0.058% of Y, 0.038-0.063% of Ca,<0.027％S,<0.035% P, balance Fe; the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1683-. 2.77-2.93% of Si, 2.54-2.69% of Mn and 0.42-0.49% of Mo are added into molten steel, and the bainite structure with excellent toughness and toughness is mainly ensured to be obtained in an as-cast state. 1.33-1.52% of Al is added, mainly for improving the heat resistance and oxidation resistance of the steel and ensuring that the obtained surface composite ceramic iron-based material substrate has excellent high-temperature performance. 0.041-0.058% of Y is added to refine the solidification structure of the steel, and 0.038-0.063% of Ca is added to improve the form and distribution of inclusions in the steel and ensure that the steel casting has excellent toughness. The multielement coating material can be melted and decomposed under the heat action of high-temperature molten steel, and TiB is synthesized in situ2VC, TiC and M7C3And (M ═ Cr, Fe) hard phase to obtain the surface composite ceramic iron-based material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1. the process for obtaining the composite ceramic iron-based material on the surface of the casting is simple and convenient, and the efficiency is high;
2. the composite ceramic iron-based material is firmly metallurgically bonded with a steel casting, and the shear strength is greater than 350MPa, so that the composite ceramic iron-based material is prevented from peeling and cracking in the using process;
3. the composite ceramic iron-based material has high hardness which is more than 67HRC and excellent wear resistance, and under the condition of high-temperature ball disc wear in a laboratory, the composite ceramic iron-based material is improved by more than 8 times than high-chromium wear-resistant cast iron.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the preparation of a surface composite ceramic iron-based material; 1-pouring cup, 2-ingate, 3-multicomponent coating material, 4-casting mould cavity, 5-riser and 6-casting mould
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1:
the surface composite ceramic iron-based material and the preparation method thereof meet the requirements of workpieces on excellent wear resistance and heat resistance of the surface and excellent toughness of the interior, and the surface composite ceramic iron-based material with the thickness of 5mm is prepared on the surface of high-toughness alloy steel, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps:
firstly, crushing ferrotitanium (the chemical composition and mass fraction of the ferrotitanium are 39.17% of Ti, 3.04% of Al, 1.59% of Si, 0.011% of S, 0.026% of P, 0.08% of C, 0.21% of Cu, 1.05% of Mn and the balance of Fe), ferrovanadium (the chemical composition mass fraction of the ferrovanadium is 50.75% of V, 1.07% of Si, 0.035% of P, 0.042% of S and the balance of Fe), metallic nickel and carbon ferrochromium (the chemical composition mass fraction of the carbon ferrochromium is 64.52% of Cr, 7.94% of C, 2.09% of Si and the balance of Fe) and metallic tin to 120 mu m to respectively obtain ferrotitanium powder, ferrovanadium powder, metallic nickel powder, chromium carbon iron powder and metallic tin powder, then crushing the ferrotitanium powder with mass fraction of 10%, the ferrovanadium powder of 9.5%, metallic nickel powder of 5%, 25% of chromium powder, 1.0% of carbon powder of tin powder of 10% and the metallic tin powder of B to 120 mu m4C powder, 35.4% of WC powder, 1.3% of dry sawdust and 2.8% of phenolic resin are uniformly stirred to obtain a multi-element coating material (3), the size of the WC powder is 32-40 mu m, B4The size of the C powder is 20-25 μm; then coating the multi-element coating material (3) on the surface of a casting mold (6) with the coating thickness of 5.0mm, wherein the coating position corresponds to the working part of the casting, and the coating position is positioned at the lower part of an ingate (2) below a pouring cup (1), which is the position of the molten metal flowing into a mold cavity (4) of the casting mold;
secondly, pouring molten steel smelted by an electric furnace into the casting mold cavity (4) in the step I, wherein the molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.31% C, 2.93% Si, 2.54% Mn, 0.49% Mo, 1.33% Al, 0.058% Y, 0.038% Ca, 0.021% S, 0.030% P, and the balance Fe; the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1683 ℃; the multi-element coating material (3) can be melted and decomposed under the heat action of high-temperature molten steel to synthesize TiB in situ2VC, TiC and M7C3And (M ═ Cr, Fe) hard phase, and air cooling to obtain the surface composite ceramic iron-based material. The composite ceramic iron-based material and the cast steel base material are firmly metallurgically bonded, the shear strength is 375MPa, and the hardness of the composite ceramic iron-based material is 67.4 HRC.
Example 2:
the surface composite ceramic iron-based material and the preparation method thereof meet the requirements of workpieces on excellent wear resistance and heat resistance of the surface and excellent toughness of the interior, and the surface composite ceramic iron-based material with the thickness of 2mm is prepared on the surface of high-toughness alloy steel, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps:
firstly, crushing ferrotitanium (the chemical composition and the mass fraction of the ferrotitanium are 40.84% of Ti, 5.66% of Al, 2.71% of Si, 0.027% of S, 0.021% of P, 0.05% of C, 0.17% of Cu, 2.07% of Mn and the balance of Fe), ferrovanadium (the chemical composition mass fraction of the ferrovanadium is 49.10% of V, 1.25% of Si, 0.044% of P, 0.035% of S and the balance of Fe), metallic nickel and carbon ferrochromium (the chemical composition mass fraction of the carbon ferrochromium is 65.49% of Cr, 7.76% of C, 2.45% of Si and the balance of Fe) and metallic tin to 160 mu m of 120-4C powder, 37.8% of WC powder, 1.5% of dry sawdust and 2.5% of phenolic resin are uniformly stirred to obtain a multi-element coating material (3), the size of the WC powder is 32-40 mu m, B4The size of the C powder is 20-25 μm; then coating the surface of the casting mold (6) with the multi-element coating material (3) with the coating thickness of 2.0mm, wherein the coating position corresponds to the working part of the casting and is positioned at the lower part of the ingate (2) below the pouring cup (1), and the molten metal flows into the casting moldThe position of the mould cavity (4);
secondly, pouring molten steel smelted by an electric furnace into the casting mold cavity (4) in the step I, wherein the molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.39% C, 2.77% Si, 2.69% Mn, 0.42% Mo, 1.52% Al, 0.041% Y, 0.063% Ca, 0.022% S, 0.029% P, and the balance Fe; the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1691 ℃; the multi-element coating material (3) can be melted and decomposed under the heat action of high-temperature molten steel to synthesize TiB in situ2VC, TiC and M7C3And (M ═ Cr, Fe) hard phase, and air cooling to obtain the surface composite ceramic iron-based material. The composite ceramic iron-based material and the cast steel base material are firmly metallurgically bonded, the shear strength is 386MPa, and the hardness of the composite ceramic iron-based material is 67.9 HRC.
Example 3:
the surface composite ceramic iron-based material and the preparation method thereof meet the requirements of workpieces on excellent wear resistance and heat resistance of the surface and excellent toughness of the interior, and the surface composite ceramic iron-based material with the thickness of 8mm is prepared on the surface of high-toughness alloy steel, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps:
firstly, crushing ferrotitanium (the chemical composition and the mass fraction of the ferrotitanium are 39.91 percent of Ti,3.28 percent of Al,1.53 percent of Si,0.017 percent of S,0.020 percent of P,0.05 percent of C,0.29 percent of Cu,2.18 percent of Mn and the balance of Fe), ferrovanadium (the chemical composition mass fraction of the ferrovanadium is 50.25 percent of V,0.86 percent of Si,0.036 percent of P,0.027 percent of S and the balance of Fe), metallic nickel and carbon ferrochromium (the chemical composition mass fraction of the ferrochromium is 64.80 percent of Cr, 7.83 percent of C, 2.24 percent of Si and the balance of Fe) and metallic tin to 160 mu m of 120-4C powder, 36.4% of WC powder, 1.4% of dry sawdust and 2.6% of phenolic resin are uniformly stirred to obtain a multi-element coating material (3), the size of the WC powder is 32-40 mu m, B4The size of the C powder is 20-25 μm; then coating the multi-element coating material (3) on the surface of a casting mold (6) with the coating thickness of 8.0mm, wherein the coating position corresponds to the working part of the casting and is positioned below an ingate (2) below a pouring cup (1)A portion where the molten metal flows into the mold cavity (4);
secondly, pouring molten steel smelted by an electric furnace into the casting mold cavity (4) in the step I, wherein the molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.36% C, 2.79% Si, 2.60% Mn, 0.47% Mo, 1.39% Al, 0.048% Y, 0.055% Ca, 0.014% S, 0.028% P, balance Fe; the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1684 ℃; the multi-element coating material (3) can be melted and decomposed under the heat action of high-temperature molten steel to synthesize TiB in situ2VC, TiC and M7C3And (M ═ Cr, Fe) hard phase, and air cooling to obtain the surface composite ceramic iron-based material. The composite ceramic iron-based material and the cast steel base material are firmly metallurgically bonded, the shear strength is 360MPa, and the hardness of the composite ceramic iron-based material is 67.5 HRC.
The process for obtaining the composite ceramic iron-based material on the surface of the casting is simple and convenient, and the efficiency is high; the composite ceramic iron-based material is firmly metallurgically bonded with a steel casting, and the shear strength is greater than 350MPa, so that the composite ceramic iron-based material is prevented from peeling and cracking in the using process; the composite ceramic iron-based material has high hardness which is more than 67HRC and excellent wear resistance, and under the condition of high-temperature ball disc wear in a laboratory, the composite ceramic iron-based material is improved by more than 8 times than high-chromium wear-resistant cast iron. The surface composite ceramic iron-based material rolling mill guide plate prepared by the method is applied to a bar mill with the rolling speed of 16m/s, and in the use process of the guide plate, the surface composite ceramic iron-based material layer has no cracking and peeling phenomena, so that the guide plate has excellent wear resistance, and the service life of the guide plate is prolonged by more than 5 times compared with that of the traditional high-chromium cast steel guide plate. The popularization and application of the technology can improve the operation rate of the rolling mill, reduce the labor intensity of workers, improve the surface quality of rolled stock and have good economic and social benefits.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the surface composite ceramic iron-based material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, crushing ferrotitanium, ferrovanadium, metallic nickel, carbon ferrochromium and metallic tin to 160 mu m of 120-10 to 12 percent of ferrotitanium powder, 8.0 to 9.5 percent of ferrovanadium powder, 5 to 6 percent of metallic nickel powder, 23 to 25 percent of carbon ferrochromium powder, 1.0 to 1.2 percent of metallic tin powder and 8 to 10 percent of B4Mixing C powder 35-38% of WC powder, 1.3-1.5% of dry sawdust and 2.5-2.8% of phenolic resin, stirring uniformly to obtain multi-element coating material, wherein the size of WC powder is 32-40 μm, B4The size of the C powder is 20-25 μm; then coating the multi-element coating material on the surface of a casting mold, wherein the coating thickness is 2.0-8.0mm, the coating position corresponds to the working part of the casting, and the coating position is positioned at the position where molten metal flows into a cavity of the casting mold;
secondly, pouring molten steel smelted by an electric furnace into the casting mold cavity in the first step, wherein the molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.31-0.39% of C, 2.77-2.93% of Si, 2.54-2.69% of Mn, 0.42-0.49% of Mo, 1.33-1.52% of Al, 0.041-0.058% of Y, 0.038-0.063% of Ca,<0.027％S,<0.035% P, balance Fe; the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1683-1691 ℃; the multielement coating material can be melted and decomposed under the heat action of high-temperature molten steel, and TiB is synthesized in situ2VC, TiC and M7C3And (M ═ Cr, Fe) hard phase, and air cooling to obtain the surface composite ceramic iron-based material.
2. The method for preparing the surface composite ceramic iron-based material according to claim 1, wherein the chemical composition and the mass fraction of the ferrotitanium are as follows: 39.17-40.84% of Ti, less than or equal to 9.0% of Al, less than or equal to 3.0% of Si, less than or equal to 0.03% of S, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.10% of C, less than or equal to 0.40% of Cu, less than or equal to 2.5% of Mn and the balance of Fe.
3. The preparation method of the surface composite ceramic iron-based material according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the chemical components of the ferrovanadium is as follows: 49.10-50.75% V, less than or equal to 2.0% Si, less than or equal to 0.05% P, less than or equal to 0.05% S, and the balance Fe.
4. The method for preparing the surface composite ceramic iron-based material according to claim 1, wherein the carbon ferrochrome comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 64.52 to 65.49 percent of Cr, 7.76 to 7.94 percent of C, 2.09 to 2.45 percent of Si, and the balance of Fe.
5. A surface-composited ceramic-iron-based material obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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