CN115261713A - Preparation method of high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/08—Manufacture of cast-iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of wear-resistant materials, in particular to high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron and a preparation method thereof. The invention relates to high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c:1.5% -3.0%, cr:19% -30%, mo:0.5% -2.5%, si:0.5% -1.5%, mn:0.5% -1.5%, cu:0.2% -1.2%, V:0.5% -5.5%, ni:0.05 to 0.2 percent; and Nb:0.5% -3.0%, ti:0.2% -1.5%, ta:0.02% -0.10% and/or Hf: 0.02-0.10% of one or more of the following components; the balance of Fe. The high-chromium cast iron obtained by the invention has the advantages that the macroscopic hardness can reach 64-67HRC, the impact toughness can reach 12.5-16.5J/cm, the impact wear resistance is obviously improved, and the service life of wear-resistant parts such as a slurry pump, kneader blades, brick molds and the like can be prolonged. The preparation method is simple, low in production cost and suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wear-resistant materials, in particular to high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron and a preparation method thereof.
Background
High-chromium white cast iron is used for manufacturing wear-resistant parts for slurry pumps, kneader blades, brick molds and the like. The microstructure of the high-chromium white cast iron consists of a martensitic, austenitic or ferritic matrix, and a eutectic M 7 C 3 Carbides and dispersed M 23 C 6 And (3) carbide. Martensitic matrix and eutectic M 7 C 3 Resulting in higher wear resistance but lower impact toughness of these carbides and martensitic matrix. Although high-chromium cast iron has excellent wear resistance, its impact toughness is poor (2-4J/cm) 2 ) This results in a significant reduction in the service life of components made of high chromium cast iron under impact loads, not only reducing production efficiency, but also increasing costs and increasing maintenance costs. Therefore, there is a need for the development of high chromium cast iron having both high wear resistance and high impact toughness.
The composition of each phase plays an important role in determining the wear resistance and impact toughness of high-chromium cast iron. The martensitic matrix shows the highest wear resistance, while the austenitic matrix has good wear resistance due to work hardening and the ferritic matrix has the lowest wear resistance. The austenitic and ferritic matrices have good impact toughness, with ferrite having higher impact toughness. The improvement in impact toughness needs to be achieved at the expense of wear resistance. The service life of high-chromium cast iron parts can be significantly prolonged by increasing the impact toughness without reducing the wear resistance.
If part of ferrite is formed in the high-chromium cast iron, the high impact toughness advantage of the ferrite is exerted through the characteristic regulation of austenite, ferrite and martensite, and the improvement of the wear resistance and the toughness can be realized through the multiphase matrix regulation of the austenite, the ferrite and the martensite. However, in order to ensure that the austenite and the ferrite still have high wear resistance, comprehensive regulation and control of phase characteristics, grain sizes and secondary carbide characteristics are required to be realized through micro-alloying and heat treatment, so that the high hardness is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the invention discloses a preparation method of high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron. The alloy prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has the hardness of more than 64HRC, the impact toughness of more than 12.5J/cm < 2 >, and the wear resistance is obviously improved.
According to the invention, high-chromium cast iron is subjected to composite modification, the surface adsorption effect of RE elements is utilized, and the heterogeneous nucleation effect of high-melting-point carbides such as micron TiC, nbC, taC and HfC is combined, so that the grain size of a solidification structure and the form and distribution of the carbides are synergistically regulated and controlled, and the hardness and toughness of the high-chromium cast iron are improved.
The invention further proposes to strengthen the austenitic matrix by solid solution with the addition of effective microalloying elements and to reduce M 3 C optimized M 7 C 3 And (4) carbide characteristics. A ferrite-austenite-martensite matrix is formed by utilizing a special heat treatment system, trace elements of strong carbide forming elements such as V, nb and Ti are added, and the dispersed and distributed tiny VC, nbC and TiC precipitated phases on the matrix are ensured by heat treatment, so that the hardness of the austenite and ferrite matrix is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
c:1.5% -3.0%, cr:19% -30%, mo:0.5% -2.5%, si:0.5% -1.5%, mn:0.5% -1.5%, cu:0.2% -1.2%, V:0.5% -5.5%, ni:0.05% -0.2%,; and Nb:0.5% -3.0%, ti:0.2% -1.5%, ta: 0.02-0.10% and/or Hf0.02-0.10%; the balance of Fe.
The high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
c:1.6% -2.5%, cr:20% -29%, mo:0.5% -2.5%, si:0.5% -1.5%, mn:0.5% -1.5%, cu:0.2% -1.2%, V:0.5% -5.5%, ni:0.05 to 0.2 percent; nb:0.5% -3.0%, ti:0.2% -1.5%, ta:0.02% -0.10% and/or Hf: 0.02-0.10% of one or more of the following components; and the balance of Fe.
A preparation method of high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, filling scrap steel, pure iron and pig iron which are used as raw materials in a smelting furnace according to a mass ratio of 1; simultaneously introducing argon to remove impurities for 20-30 min;
step 2, raising the temperature of the smelting furnace to 1500-1580 ℃, adding a deoxidizer, and adding pure nickel after the furnace burden is completely melted;
step 3, adding high-melting-point carbide and modifier into molten iron by a ladle bottom flushing method or a ladle bottom triggering method, and uniformly dispersing and distributing the carbide and the modifier by electromagnetic stirring or physical stirring;
step 4, when the temperature of the molten iron is reduced to 1400-1480 ℃, casting into a casting, and covering refractory asbestos on a pouring gate after casting to keep the temperature and prevent cracking; then the casting is subjected to heat treatment to prepare the high-strength high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron.
Further, the content of the master alloy powder in the step 1 is as follows: 0.5-1.5% of Mn,0.2-1.2% of Cu, 0.5: 82102.5% of Mo, 0.5: 82101.5% of Si, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the addition amount of the master alloy powder is 0.2-2% of the mass of the raw materials.
Further, the carburant in the step 1 is graphite.
Further, the deoxidizer in the step 2 is pure aluminum wire, and the addition amount of the deoxidizer is 0.06% of the mass of the raw materials.
Furthermore, the adding amount of the pure nickel in the step 2 is 0.05-0.2% of the mass of the raw material.
Furthermore, the high melting point carbide in the step 3 is one or a combination of more than one of TiC, nbC, taC and HfC, the addition amount of the high melting point carbide is 0.02% \ 8210and 0.10% of the mass of the raw materials, and the grain diameter of the carbide is 0.5-5 μm.
Further, the alterant in the step 3 is RE-Si, and the addition amount of the RE-Si is 0.6-1% of the mass of the raw material.
Further, the heat treatment system in the step 4 comprises a first stage of heat preservation for 1-2h at 900-1100 ℃; in the second stage, the temperature is reduced to 500-700 ℃ and is kept for 1-3h; in the third stage, the temperature is kept at 700-800 ℃ for 1-3h; and in the fourth stage, cooling by using salt bath at the temperature of 200-400 ℃.
Further, the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron in the step 4 has uniform crystal grain distribution, and the average crystal grain size is 5-10 mu M, M 7 C 3 The eutectic carbide is uniformly distributed in a spherical or hexagonal shape.
Further, the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron matrix structure in the step 4 comprises martensite, austenite and ferrite, wherein the austenite wraps ferrite grains.
Further, the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron matrix in the step 4 is subjected to heat treatment and then is subjected to dispersion distribution to obtain high-density M 23 C 6 Precipitated phases of carbide, acicular VC, nbC and TiC.
Further, the hardness of the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron in the step 4 is 64-67HRC, and the impact toughness is 12.5-16.5J/cm < 2 >.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
1. The preparation method provided by the invention introduces the dispersed high-melting-point carbide and the RE-Si alterant in the later stage of smelting, so that the eutectic M of the as-cast sample can be obviously refined 7 C 3 Carbide and austenite structure, wherein M 7 C 3 The carbide is spherical or hexagonal, the granularity is 5-15 μm, and the size of matrix crystal grain is 7-15 μm.
2. After special heat treatment, the preparation method provided by the invention obtains a structure containing ferrite austenite and martensite, and M is dispersedly distributed on a matrix 23 C 6 Carbide and acicular VC, nbC and TiC precipitated phases.
3. The high-chromium cast iron prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the macroscopic hardness can reach 64-67HRC, the impact toughness can reach 12.5-16.5J/cm, the impact wear resistance is obviously improved, and the service life of wear-resistant parts such as a slurry pump, kneader blades, brick molds and the like can be prolonged. The preparation method is simple, low in production cost and suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the morphology of the as-cast microstructure of component A in the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the microstructure of the second embodiment of the present invention after heat treatment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical idea and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
According to the invention, metallographic samples under various heat treatment systems are ground and polished, then corroded by a mixed solution of picric acid, hydrochloric acid and alcohol, and the grain structure is observed by an Axio Scope A1 metallographic optical microscope.
In the mechanical property test, the hardness of the high-chromium cast iron after heat treatment is tested by a Rockwell hardness tester, a sample is subjected to coarse grinding and fine grinding, the upper surface and the lower surface are parallel, the roughness is higher than 0.8, at least three points of each sample are tested, and the average value is taken. The impact specimen size was 10mm × 10mm × 55mm unnotched specimen, and the average of three tests was taken as the average of impact toughness. The size of a test sample for an impact abrasive wear test is 10mm multiplied by 30mm, the abrasive adopts 10 to 20 meshes of quartz sand, the sand flow is about 50 kg/h, the impact power is 1.5J, the impact frequency is selected to be 100 times/min, and the wear time of each sample is 0.5h.
Table 1. List of chemical compositions of high chromium cast irons of examples of the present invention.
The first embodiment.
The high-chromium cast iron is smelted by adopting a 50 kg medium-frequency induction furnace, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
charging scrap, pure iron and pig iron as raw materials in a melting furnace at a ratio of 1; adding the graphite and the ferrochrome according to the element mass conservation law, referring to the contents of C element and Cr element in the raw materials, and adding according to the content requirements of the C element and the Cr element in the prepared high-chromium cast iron; simultaneously introducing argon for removing impurities for 30min; heating the smelting furnace to 1500 ℃, adding pure aluminum wires accounting for 0.06% of deoxidizer, and adding pure nickel rods accounting for 0.05% of the raw material amount after furnace materials are completely melted; adding 0.02% by mass of raw materials, 0.5-2 μm sized NbC, 0.10% by mass of raw materials, 0.5-2 μm sized HfC particles and 0.8% by mass of RE-Si modifier to the molten iron by bottom-piercing method, uniformly dispersing them by electromagnetic stirring or physical stirring; when the temperature of molten iron is reduced to 1400 ℃, casting into a casting, covering refractory asbestos on a pouring gate after casting, and preserving heat to prevent cracking. Then the casting is kept at 1000 ℃ for 1h, cooled to 600 ℃ and kept at the temperature for 2h, then heated to 800 ℃ and kept at the temperature for 1h, and cooled in a salt bath at 350 ℃, and the final mechanical properties are shown in table 2.
Table 2 macro hardness, grain size, eutectic carbide size, austenite and ferrite content, macro hardness, impact toughness and wear loss for example one.
Example two.
The high-chromium cast iron is smelted by a 100 kg medium-frequency induction furnace, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
according to the mass ratio of the component C in the table 1, waste steel, pure iron and pig iron are filled in a smelting furnace according to the proportion of 1; the amount of the master alloy powder added was 2% by mass of the raw materials, the master alloy powder content was 0.5-1.5% by mass of Mn,0.2-1.2% by mass of Cu, 0.5-82102.5% by mass of Mo, 0.5-82100, 1.5% by mass of Si, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities; adding the graphite and the ferrochrome according to the element mass conservation law, referring to the contents of C element and Cr element in the raw materials, and adding according to the content requirements of the C element and the Cr element in the prepared high-chromium cast iron; heating the smelting furnace to 1580 ℃, adding pure aluminum wires accounting for 0.06 percent of deoxidizer, and adding pure nickel rods after furnace burden is completely melted, wherein the adding amount of the pure nickel rods is 0.2 percent of the raw material amount; adding 0.5-2 μm size TiC 0.02% by mass of the raw material, 0.5-2 μm size TaC particles 0.02% by mass of the raw material, 0.5-2 μm size HfC particles 0.04% by mass of the raw material, and 1% RE-Si modifier by mass of the raw material by a bottom-triggering method, and uniformly dispersing them by electromagnetic stirring; when the temperature of the molten iron is reduced to 1480 ℃, the molten iron is poured into a casting, and a pouring gate is covered with refractory asbestos after casting to keep the temperature and prevent cracking. Then, the casting is respectively kept at 800 to 1100 ℃ for 2h, cooled to 500 ℃ and kept for 3h, then heated to 700 ℃ and kept for 3h, and cooled in a salt bath at 300 ℃, and the final mechanical properties are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Macrohardness, grain size, eutectic carbide size, austenite and ferrite content, macrohardness, impact toughness, and wear level for example two.
Example three.
The high-chromium cast iron is smelted by a 100 kg medium-frequency induction furnace, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
according to the mass ratio of the component E in the table 1, waste steel, pure iron and pig iron are filled in a smelting furnace according to the ratio of 1; the amount of the master alloy powder added is 1% of the mass of the raw materials, the content of the master alloy powder is 0.5-1.5% of Mn,0.2-1.2% of Cu, 0.5-82102.5% of Mo, 0.5-82101.5% of Si, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; adding the graphite and the ferrochrome according to the element mass conservation law, referring to the contents of C element and Cr element in the raw materials, and adding according to the content requirements of the C element and the Cr element in the prepared high-chromium cast iron; heating the smelting furnace to 1550 ℃, adding pure aluminum wires accounting for 0.06% of deoxidizer, and adding pure nickel rods after furnace materials are completely melted; adding 0.5-5 μm TaC particles and 0.6% RE-Si modifier in an amount of 0.10% by mass of the raw materials into molten iron by ladle bottom flushing method, and uniformly dispersing by electromagnetic stirring or physical stirring; when the temperature of the molten iron is reduced to 1450 ℃, the molten iron is poured into a casting, and a pouring gate is covered with refractory asbestos after the casting, so that the heat is preserved and the cracking is prevented. Then preserving the heat of the casting at 1000 ℃ for 1.5h, cooling to 700 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1h, then cooling by air, then increasing the temperature to 750 ℃ and preserving the heat for 2h, and cooling in a salt bath at 200-400 ℃, wherein the final mechanical properties are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Secondary carbide density, macro hardness, impact toughness and wear loss for example three.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: c:1.5% -3.0%, cr:19% -30%, mo:0.5% -2.5%, si:0.5% -1.5%, mn:0.5% -1.5%, cu:0.2% -1.2%, V:0.5% -5.5%, ni:0.05% -0.2%; and Nb:0.5% -3.0%, ti:0.2% -1.5%, ta:0.02% -0.10% and/or Hf: 0.02-0.10% of one or more of the following components; the balance of Fe.
2. The high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: c:1.6% -2.5%, cr:20% -29%, mo:0.5% -2.5%, si:0.5% -1.5%, mn:0.5% -1.5%, cu:0.2% -1.2%, V:0.5% -5.5%, ni:0.05% -0.2%; and Nb:0.5% -3.0%, ti:0.2% -1.5%, ta:0.02% -0.10% and/or Hf: 0.02-0.10% of one or more of the following components; and the balance of Fe.
3. The preparation method of the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, filling scrap steel, pure iron and pig iron which are used as raw materials in a smelting furnace according to a mass ratio of 1; simultaneously introducing argon to remove impurities for 20-30 min;
step 2, raising the temperature of the smelting furnace to 1500-1580 ℃, adding a deoxidizer, and adding pure nickel after the furnace burden is completely melted;
step 3, adding high-melting-point carbide and modifier into molten iron by a ladle bottom flushing method or a ladle bottom triggering method, and uniformly dispersing and distributing the high-melting-point carbide and the modifier by electromagnetic stirring or physical stirring;
step 4, when the temperature of the molten iron is reduced to 1400-1480 ℃, casting into a casting, and covering refractory asbestos on a pouring gate after casting to keep the temperature and prevent cracking; then the casting is subjected to heat treatment to prepare the high-strength high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron.
4. The method for preparing high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron according to claim 3, wherein the carburant in the step 1 is graphite; the content of the master alloy powder in the step 1 is as follows: 0.5-1.5% of Mn,0.2-1.2% of Cu, 0.5: 82102.5% of Mo, 0.5: 82101.5% of Si, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the addition amount of the master alloy powder is 0.2-2% of the mass of the raw materials.
5. The method for preparing high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron according to claim 3, wherein the deoxidizer in the step 2 is pure aluminum wire, and the addition amount of the deoxidizer is 0.06 percent of the mass of the raw materials; the adding amount of the pure nickel in the step 2 is 0.05-0.2% of the mass of the raw material.
6. The method for preparing high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron according to claim 3, wherein the high-melting-point carbide in step 3 is one or more of TiC, nbC, taC and HfC, the addition amount of the high-melting-point carbide is 0.02% \ 8210and 0.10% of the mass of the raw materials, and the grain size of the carbide is 0.5-5 μm.
7. The method for preparing high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron according to claim 3, wherein the modifier in step 3 is RE-Si, and the RE-Si is added in an amount of 0.6-1% by mass of the raw materials.
8. The method for preparing high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron according to claim 3, wherein the heat treatment schedule of the step 4 comprises a first stage of heat preservation at 900-1100 ℃ for 1-2h; in the second stage, the temperature is reduced to 500-700 ℃ and the temperature is preserved for 1-3h; in the third stage, the temperature is kept at 700-800 ℃ for 1-3h; and in the fourth stage, cooling by using salt bath at the temperature of 200-400 ℃.
9. The method for preparing high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron according to claim 3, wherein the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron obtained in the step 4 has a uniform grain distribution, and the average grain size is 5 to 10 μ M, M 7 C 3 The eutectic carbide is uniformly distributed in a spherical or hexagonal shape; and 4, the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron matrix structure comprises martensite, austenite and ferrite, wherein ferrite grains are wrapped by austenite.
10. The method for preparing high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron according to claim 3, wherein the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron matrix in the step 4 is subjected to heat treatment and then is subjected to dispersion distribution of high-density M 23 C 6 Precipitated phases of carbide and acicular VC, nbC and TiC; the high-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron has the hardness of 64-67HRC and the impact toughness of 12.5-16.5J/cm < 2 >.
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| CN116117383B (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-08-18 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | High-hardness corrosion-resistant metal-based ceramic composite welding wire and preparation method thereof |
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