CN112956458A - Device and method for improving collecting and catching quality of intertidal shellfish products - Google Patents
Device and method for improving collecting and catching quality of intertidal shellfish products Download PDFInfo
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- CN112956458A CN112956458A CN202110146291.5A CN202110146291A CN112956458A CN 112956458 A CN112956458 A CN 112956458A CN 202110146291 A CN202110146291 A CN 202110146291A CN 112956458 A CN112956458 A CN 112956458A
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- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000180579 Arca Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000206761 Bacillariophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000206751 Chrysophyceae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000206747 Cylindrotheca closterium Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001339782 Scapharca broughtonii Species 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000628923 Anadara sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K80/00—Harvesting oysters, mussels, sponges or the like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Mechanical Means For Catching Fish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for improving the catching quality of mudflat shellfish products, which can ensure that the shellfish contracts the adductor muscle to tightly close the shellfish before the shellfish is picked, and prevent the situation that the adductor muscle contracts untimely due to the sudden impact of high-pressure water flow in the shellfish picking process and the shellfish is not closed to cause the mud choking in the shellfish body, so that the strong stress reaction is generated, and the survival rate and the edible taste of the shellfish are directly influenced; meanwhile, in the shellfish harvesting process, the device can collect sediment samples of the mudflat shellfish culture area, and continuously collects pressure data and vibration frequency data generated by the rolling of the device through the pressure sensor and the vibration sensor; the application of the shellfish catching device can reduce the stress reaction of shellfish and ensure the quality of the collected shellfish product; selecting proper bottom sowing shellfish varieties and specifications in the sea area according to the substrate conditions of the shellfish culture area; and determining a capturing strategy aiming at different shellfish varieties and specifications, and improving the quality and efficiency of shellfish capturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for capturing shellfish, in particular to a device and a method for improving the capturing quality of mudflat shellfish products, and belongs to the technical field of shellfish capturing.
Background
In recent years, the mudflat shellfish culture industry in China is rapidly developed, the mudflat shellfish culture area in China is 58.48 hectares and the culture yield is 613.96 ten thousand tons in 2019, the main culture varieties are clams, philippine clams, arca inflata, arca subcrenata and the like, the economic development of coastal areas is driven, the seawater shellfish culture industry is promoted to become a large economic industry of the coastal areas, and the method has great significance for promoting the increase of the total economic quantity of China. When the mudflat shellfish culture industry is rapidly developed, the development of the shellfish harvesting mode is not stopped, so that the quality of the harvested shellfish products is influenced due to overhigh sand content in the bodies, the purification time of the shellfish products is prolonged in the later period, the workload and the operation cost are increased, and the survival rate and the product quality of the shellfish products are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a device and a method for improving the catching quality of mudflat shellfish products aiming at the defects in the prior art, the device and the method can ensure that the shellfish contracts the adductor muscle before the shellfish is picked to tightly close the shell, and prevent the situation that the adductor muscle contracts untimely due to sudden impact of high-pressure water flow in the shellfish picking process, the shell is not closed to cause mud choking in the shellfish body, so that strong stress reaction is generated, and the shellfish survival rate and the eating taste are directly influenced; meanwhile, in the shellfish harvesting process, the device can collect sediment samples of the mudflat shellfish culture area, and continuously collects pressure data and vibration frequency data generated by the rolling of the device through the pressure sensor and the vibration sensor; the application of the shellfish catching device can reduce the stress reaction of shellfish and ensure the quality of the collected shellfish product; selecting proper bottom sowing shellfish varieties and specifications in the sea area according to the substrate conditions of the shellfish culture area; and determining a capturing strategy aiming at different shellfish varieties and specifications, and improving the quality and efficiency of shellfish capturing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the catching quality of mudflat shellfish products comprises the following steps:
(1) in the shellfish harvesting process, a device for improving the beach shellfish product harvesting quality is used as a harvesting device, a sample collecting port of the device continuously collects bottom mud samples at different depths of a beach shellfish culture area in the rolling process of a roller, the mud-sand content proportion and microalgae species in the bottom mud at different depths of the shellfish culture area are researched through analysis of the bottom mud samples at different collecting ports, and shellfish varieties and specifications suitable for bottom sowing in the sea area are determined;
(2) in the rolling process of the roller, a large amount of data are collected by the pressure sensor and the vibration sensor, the stress reaction degrees of shellfish of different breeding varieties and different specifications under the conditions of different pressures and different vibration frequencies are researched through analyzing the data collected by the pressure sensor and the vibration sensor, the collection strategies aiming at different shellfish varieties and specifications are determined through comprehensively analyzing the experimental data, the collection strategies comprise the advancing speed of a ship, the pressure and the vibration frequency generated by the device and the like, and the collection mode is optimized through data analysis, so that the collection quality and the collection efficiency of shellfish are improved.
In the technical scheme, in the step (1), when the mud content in the mudflat substrate is 70-80% and the sand content is 20-30%, when the microalgae species mainly include golden algae and diatoms, the bottom sowing mainly includes arca inflata reeve.
In the technical scheme, in the step (1), when the sand content in the mudflat substrate is 70-90% (sand mainly comprises yellow fine sand or silty sand) and the mud content is 10-30%, the bottom sowing mainly comprises clams when the microalgae species mainly comprise chrysophyceae, diatoms and nitzschia closterium.
In the technical scheme, in the step (2), when the clams with the shell height of more than 4cm are collected, the ship moves forward at a speed of 1-1.2 nautical miles per hour, and the pressure generated by the device is more than 0.4kg/cm2The vibration frequency generated by the device is 19.7-23.6 times/min.
In the technical scheme, in the step (2), when the clams with the shell height of 3cm-4cm are collected, the ship moves forward at the speed of 1.2-1.6 nautical miles per hour, and the device generatesPressure of more than 0.33kg/cm2The vibration frequency generated by the device is 23.6-31.5 times/min.
In the technical scheme, in the step (2), when the Arca inflata Reeve with the shell height of more than 4cm is collected, the advancing speed of the ship is 0.9-1.1 nautical miles per hour, and the pressure generated by the device is more than 0.41kg/cm2The vibration frequency generated by the device is 17.7-21.6 times/min.
In the technical scheme, in the step (2), when the Arca inflata Reeve with the shell height of 3-4cm is collected, the forward speed of the ship is 1.1-1.4 nautical miles per hour, and the pressure generated by the device is more than 0.35kg/cm2The vibration frequency generated by the device is 21.6-27.5 times/min.
The invention also provides a device for improving the collecting quality of mudflat shellfish products, which is used in the method and comprises a main body and rollers sleeved outside the main body:
the main part, whole be cylindrical, including central cylinder and the vibrations wheel of fixing at central cylinder both ends: the central cylinder is a solid cast iron cylinder, the vibration wheel is a cast iron cylinder with two closed ends and a hollow interior, and the diameters of the central cylinder and the vibration wheel are the same; two vibration wheels are respectively fixed at the left end and the right end of the central cylinder, and of the two vibration wheels fixed at each end, one end of the first vibration wheel is aligned with the corresponding end of the central cylinder and fixed on the end of the central cylinder, and the other end of the first vibration wheel is aligned with one end of the second vibration wheel and fixedly connected with the end of the second vibration wheel;
the inner wall of the vibration wheel is fixedly provided with a plate-shaped baffle, the long edge of the baffle is welded on the inner wall of the vibration wheel, and the plate surface of the baffle is vertical to the left end surface/right end surface of the vibration wheel; a pentagonal prism-shaped cast iron ball is placed on the rail;
the gyro wheel, quantity is a plurality of, and even cover is established in the outside of main part: the roller is a circular ring made of solid and triangular prism-shaped cast iron, the outer side surface of the circular ring is two intersected side surfaces of the triangular prism, the inner side surface of the circular ring is the other side surface of the triangular prism, and the inner side surface of the circular ring is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the main body; a plurality of sample collecting ports for collecting samples are arranged on the outer wall of the roller wheel positioned at the central position or close to the central position of the main body, a pressure sensor is arranged on the outer wall of the other roller wheel positioned at the central position or close to the central position of the main body, and a vibration sensor is arranged on the outer wall of the roller wheel positioned at the left end or the right end of the main body;
the main body is provided with two shaft heads at the axle center positions of two ends respectively, the two shaft heads are connected with a vertical support which is vertically and upwards arranged respectively, the top ends of the vertical supports are welded with inclined supports which are obliquely and upwards arranged respectively, the top ends of the two inclined supports are fixedly connected together by a transverse support which is transversely arranged, and the transverse support is positioned right above the main body; a fixed pulley I is fixed on the transverse bracket, a cable is bound and tied, and the cable is connected with the hoisting and landing device;
the hoisting and landing device comprises a shellfish harvesting ship and a mooring rope winch positioned on the shellfish harvesting ship: a supporting rod I is vertically and upwards arranged on the shellfish harvesting ship, and the cable winch is arranged on the left side of the tail end of the supporting rod I; the top end of the support rod I is fixedly provided with a transversely arranged support rod II, and one end of the support rod II is fixed on the right side of the top end of the support rod I; two fixed pulleys are fixed on the supporting rod II, and a fixed pulley II and a fixed pulley III are respectively arranged from left to right;
the cable is connected with the cable winch after sequentially passing around the fixed pulley III, the fixed pulley I and the fixed pulley II; the shellfish harvesting ship is provided with a motor which provides power for the shellfish harvesting ship and a mooring rope winch, and the mooring rope winch realizes hoisting and descending through a mooring rope and a pulley.
In the technical scheme, the main body (consisting of the central cylinder and the vibration wheel) has the overall diameter of 50cm and the length of 2.5 meters (the specific length is determined according to the width of the shellfish harvesting equipment, and the length is about 50cm wider than the harvesting equipment).
In the technical scheme, the diameter of the central cylinder is 50cm, and the length of the central cylinder is 1.5 m.
In the technical scheme, the diameter of the vibration wheel is 50cm, and the length of the vibration wheel is 25 cm; and the vibration wheel is fixed to two sides of the solid cast iron cylinder or one side of the vibration wheel adjacent to the solid cast iron cylinder in a welding or bolt connection mode.
In the technical scheme, the length of the long edge of the bumper is the same as that of the vibration wheel and is 25 cm; the length of the wide side is 8-10 cm.
In the technical scheme, the pentagonal prism-shaped cast iron ball is a solid cast iron ball, the side length is 8-10cm, and the length is 20 cm.
In the technical scheme, the setting positions of the gears in the two vibration wheels positioned at the left end and the right end of the central cylinder are the same and are positioned on the same horizontal line, and the setting positions of the gears in the two vibration wheels fixedly connected with the left end and the right end of the two vibration wheels are the same and are positioned on the same horizontal line; the two gears are symmetrically arranged at the same end of the central cylinder, and the vertical distance between the two gears and the side edge connected with the inner wall of each vibration wheel is the diameter of the vibration wheel; the purpose of the rail is to enable the pentagonal cast iron ball inside to rise and fall to generate a vibration effect.
In the technical scheme, the inner side surface of the roller is completely cut off, the cut edges are two edges of the inner side surface, and the cut edges are welded on the outer wall of the main body; the diameter of the outer ring is 100cm, the diameter of the inner ring is 50cm, the width of the inner side face is 25cm, and the vertical distance between the edge opposite to the inner side face and the inner side face is 25 cm.
In the technical scheme, the number of the rollers is 10, the central positions of the rollers are two, a sample collecting port is formed in the outer wall of one roller, and a pressure sensor is arranged on the outer wall of the other roller.
In the technical scheme, the outer wall of the roller is provided with a layer of anti-rust layer, and the anti-rust layer is made of styrene-acrylic emulsion or pure acrylic emulsion.
In the technical scheme, the number of the sample collecting ports is 3, and the sample collecting ports are arranged on any one of two intersected side surfaces of the roller; the edge formed by the intersection of the two intersected side surfaces is an outer edge, and the positions of the 3 sample collecting openings are 3cm, 12.5cm and 22cm inward of the outer edge; the sample collection port is an inner cavity which is dug on the roller and has a small opening and a large abdomen, and the caliber is 2 cm. The collection mouth is small and the abdomen is large, so that the device can collect enough samples in the rolling process without falling.
In the technical scheme, the pressure sensor is arranged on the outer edge of the outer wall of the roller, which is farthest away from the axis of the roller; the vibration sensor is arranged on the outer edge of the outer wall of the roller, which is farthest away from the axis of the roller; the pressure sensor and the vibration sensor record and transmit pressure data and vibration data of the device in the shellfish harvesting and rolling process.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, the inclined support include two sections, the first section of top is support I, the second section of below is support II: the top end of the bracket I is fixedly connected with the transverse bracket, the tail end of the bracket I is provided with a screw hole I, and the middle lower part of the bracket I is provided with a screw hole II; the tail end of the support II is fixedly connected with the top end of the vertical support, the top end of the support II is provided with a screw hole III, and the middle upper part of the support II is provided with a screw hole IV; the screw holes I and the screw holes IV are aligned and are provided with fixing bolts; the screw holes II and the screw holes III are aligned and provided with movable bolts; when needing the installation, unscrew movable bolt, fixing bolt unscrews, and support II can be rotatory round not hard up fixing bolt to prop open and erect the support and make the end card of erecting the support on the spindle nose, then screw up fixing bolt, install movable bolt and screw up it.
The working principle of the device is as follows: when the shellfish harvesting workboat is used for harvesting in a shellfish culture sea area, the shellfish harvesting workboat is placed to the bottom of the sea area through a cable winch, the support III and the support II roll forward on the sea bottom through the shaft head dragging device along with the walking of the shellfish harvesting workboat, the pressure of the device is transmitted to the shellfish culture area through the idler wheel, the vibrating wheel rolls forward along with the device, the pentagonal cast iron balls roll and continuously lift and fall along with the vibrating wheel under the action of the baffles, the generated vibrating action is applied to the shellfish culture area, the cultured shellfish contracts the shell closing muscle to tightly close the shells under the action of the pressure and the vibrating force of the device, and the cultured shellfish enters the shellfish harvesting net along with water flow under the subsequent high-water-pressure impact. The device enables the shellfish to contract the adductor muscle in advance before harvesting to tightly close the shellfish, thereby preventing the adductor muscle from contracting untimely due to sudden impact of high water pressure water flow in the shellfish harvesting process and preventing the shellfish from being choked into silt due to unclosed shellfish. The shellfish harvested by the original harvesting mode has high sand content in the shellfish body, the taste is influenced, meanwhile, the harvested shellfish is suddenly impacted by high-pressure water flow, mud sand is choked into the shellfish body, a strong stress reaction is caused, the survival rate and the edible taste of the shellfish are directly influenced, the shellfish purification time in the later period is prolonged, and the purification cost is increased.
The technical advantages of the invention are as follows: the device can lead the shellfish to contract the adductor muscle in advance to close the shell, and then the shellfish enters the shellfish harvesting net with the water flow under the impact of the high-pressure water flow at the back. In the process of collecting the shellfish later, because the shellfish starts the self-protection function in advance, the stress reaction generated under the impact of the subsequent water flow is small, and the phenomenon that mud and sand are choked into the shellfish body can not be generated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention without a hoist lowering device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cylindrical body formed by a central cylinder and a shock wheel in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a rumble wheel in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view (longitudinal cut) of the main body and the roller in the device of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a bracket II in the device of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided, but the present invention is not limited to the following descriptions:
the invention firstly provides a device for improving the collecting quality of mudflat shellfish products, which comprises a main body and rollers 3 sleeved outside the main body, as shown in figures 1-6:
the main part, wholly be cylindrically, including central cylinder 1 and the vibrations wheel 2 of fixing at central cylinder both ends: the central cylinder is a solid cast iron cylinder, the vibration wheel is a cast iron cylinder with two closed ends and a hollow interior, and the diameters of the central cylinder and the vibration wheel are the same; two vibration wheels are respectively fixed at the left end and the right end of the central cylinder, and of the two vibration wheels fixed at each end, one end of the first vibration wheel is aligned with the corresponding end of the central cylinder and fixed on the end of the central cylinder, and the other end of the first vibration wheel is aligned with one end of the second vibration wheel and fixedly connected with the end of the second vibration wheel;
the inner wall of the vibration wheel is fixedly provided with a plate-shaped baffle 21, the long edge of the baffle is welded on the inner wall of the vibration wheel, and the plate surface of the baffle is vertical to the left end surface/right end surface of the vibration wheel; a pentagonal prism-shaped cast iron ball 22 is placed on the rail; the setting positions of the gears in the two vibration wheels positioned at the left end and the right end of the central cylinder are the same and are positioned on the same horizontal line, and the setting positions of the gears in the two vibration wheels fixedly connected to the left end and the right end of the two vibration wheels are the same and are positioned on the same horizontal line; the two gears are symmetrically arranged at the same end of the central cylinder, and the vertical distance between the two gears and the side edge connected with the inner wall of each vibration wheel is the diameter of the vibration wheel; the purpose of the rail is to enable the pentagonal cast iron ball inside the rail to rise and fall, so as to generate a vibration effect;
The main body is characterized in that shaft heads 7 are respectively arranged at the axle center positions of two ends of the main body, the two shaft heads are respectively connected with a vertical support 71 which is vertically and upwardly arranged, an inclined support 72 which is obliquely and upwardly arranged is respectively welded at the top end of the vertical support, the top ends of the two inclined supports are fixedly connected together by a transverse support 73 which is transversely arranged, and the transverse support is positioned right above the main body; a fixed pulley I74 and a cable 75 are bound on the transverse bracket, and the cable is connected with the hoisting and landing device;
the inclined bracket 72 comprises two sections, wherein the first section at the upper part is a bracket I721, the second section at the lower part is a bracket II 722: the top end of the bracket I721 is fixedly connected with the transverse bracket 73, the tail end of the bracket I is provided with a screw hole I, and the middle lower part of the bracket I is provided with a screw hole II; the tail end of the bracket II 722 is fixedly connected with the top end of the vertical bracket 71, the top end is provided with a screw hole III, and the middle upper part is provided with a screw hole IV; the screw holes I and the screw holes IV are aligned and are provided with fixing bolts; the screw holes II and the screw holes III are aligned and provided with movable bolts; when the mounting is needed, the movable bolt is screwed off, the fixed bolt is unscrewed, the bracket II 722 can rotate around the loosened fixed bolt, so that the vertical bracket 71 is spread to enable the tail end of the vertical bracket to be clamped on the shaft head, and then the fixed bolt is screwed, the movable bolt is mounted and screwed;
the hoisting and descending device 8 comprises a shellfish harvesting ship and a mooring rope winch 81 positioned on the shellfish harvesting ship: a supporting rod I82 is vertically and upwards arranged on the shellfish harvesting ship, and the cable winch is arranged on the left side of the tail end of the supporting rod I; the top end of the support rod I is fixedly provided with a transversely arranged support rod II 83, and one end of the support rod II is fixed on the right side of the top end of the support rod I; two fixed pulleys are fixed on the supporting rod II, namely a fixed pulley II 84 and a fixed pulley III 85 from left to right;
the cable 75 is connected with a cable winch after sequentially passing through a fixed pulley III 85, a fixed pulley I74 and a fixed pulley II 84; the shellfish harvesting ship is provided with a motor which provides power for the shellfish harvesting ship and a mooring rope winch, and the mooring rope winch realizes hoisting and descending through a mooring rope and a pulley.
The invention also provides a method for improving the collecting and catching quality of mudflat shellfish products by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) in the shellfish harvesting process, a device for improving the beach shellfish product harvesting quality is used as a harvesting device, a sample collecting port of the device continuously collects bottom mud samples at different depths of a beach shellfish culture area in the rolling process of a roller, the mud-sand content proportion and microalgae species in the bottom mud at different depths of the shellfish culture area are researched through analysis of the bottom mud samples at different collecting ports, and shellfish varieties and specifications suitable for bottom sowing in the sea area are determined;
(2) in the rolling process of the roller, a large amount of data are collected by the pressure sensor and the vibration sensor, the stress reaction degrees of shellfish of different breeding varieties and different specifications under the conditions of different pressures and different vibration frequencies are researched through analyzing the data collected by the pressure sensor and the vibration sensor, the collection strategies aiming at different shellfish varieties and specifications are determined through comprehensively analyzing the experimental data, the collection strategies comprise the advancing speed of a ship, the pressure and the vibration frequency generated by the device and the like, and the collection mode is optimized through data analysis, so that the collection quality and the collection efficiency of shellfish are improved.
The invention will now be illustrated with reference to specific examples:
example 1:
the device for improving the collecting quality of the mudflat shellfish products of the embodiment comprises:
the central cylinder 1 has the diameter of 50cm and the length of 1.5 m;
the diameter of the vibration wheel 2 is 50cm, and the length of the vibration wheel is 25 cm; fixed to the two sides of the solid cast iron cylinder 1 or one side of the vibration wheel 2 adjacent to the solid cast iron cylinder in a welding or bolt connection mode;
the main body (consisting of a central cylinder and a vibration wheel) has the overall diameter of 50cm and the length of 2.5 meters;
the length of the long side of the rail 21 is 25cm, which is the same as that of the vibration wheel, and the length of the wide side is 8-10 cm;
the pentagonal prism-shaped cast iron ball 22 is a solid cast iron ball, the side length is 8-10cm, and the length is 20 cm;
the diameter of the outer ring of the roller is 100cm, the diameter of the inner ring of the roller is 50cm, the width of the inner side face of the roller is 25cm, and the vertical distance between the edge opposite to the inner side face and the inner side face is 25 cm;
the roller and the anti-rust layer are made of styrene-acrylic emulsion;
the number of the sample collecting ports is 3, and the sample collecting ports are arranged on any one of two intersected side surfaces of the roller; the edge formed by the intersection of the two intersected side surfaces is an outer edge, and the positions of the 3 sample collecting openings are 3cm, 12.5cm and 22cm inward of the outer edge; the sample collection port is an inner cavity which is dug on the roller and has a small opening and a large abdomen, and the caliber is 2 cm.
Example 2:
the device for improving the collecting quality of the mudflat shellfish products is the same as that in the embodiment 1, except that the rollers and the anti-rust layer are made of pure acrylic emulsion.
Example 3:
the method for catching shellfish in the intertidal zone of estuary of east-camp city in 5 months in 2020 by using the device in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) in the shellfish harvesting process, a device for improving the beach shellfish product harvesting quality is used as a harvesting device, a sample collecting port continuously collects bottom mud samples at different depths of a beach shellfish culture area in the rolling process of a roller, the mud-sand content proportion in the bottom mud at different depths of the shellfish culture area and the species and the content of microalgae in the bottom mud are researched through the analysis of the bottom mud samples at different collecting ports, and the shellfish variety and the specification suitable for bottom sowing in the sea area at the position are determined;
in the embodiment, the mud content in the mudflat substrate is 18 percent, the sand content is 82 percent, and microalgae species mainly comprise golden algae and diatoms, so that clam is suitable for seeding shellfish species in sea areas.
(2) During the rolling process of the roller, a large amount of data are collected by the pressure sensor and the vibration sensor, the stress reaction degrees of shellfish of different breeding varieties and different specifications under the conditions of different pressures and different vibration frequencies are researched through analyzing the data collected by the pressure sensor and the vibration sensor, the collection strategies aiming at different shellfish varieties and specifications are determined through comprehensively analyzing the experimental data, the collection strategies comprise the advancing speed of a ship, the pressure and the vibration frequency generated by the device and the like, and the collection quality and the collection efficiency of shellfish are improved through optimizing a collection mode through data analysis;
in this embodiment, the shellfish variety harvested in step 1 is clam, the specification is shell height 4.5cm, and the best strategy for harvesting is: the ship forward speed was 1.1 nautical miles per hour, and the pressure generated by the device was 0.43kg/cm2The frequency of the vibration generated by the device was 21.6 times/min.
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the catching quality of mudflat shellfish products is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) in the shellfish harvesting process, a device for improving the beach shellfish product harvesting quality is used as a harvesting device, a sample collecting port of the device continuously collects bottom mud samples at different depths of a beach shellfish culture area in the rolling process of a roller, the mud-sand content proportion and microalgae species in the bottom mud at different depths of the shellfish culture area are researched through analysis of the bottom mud samples at different collecting ports, and shellfish varieties and specifications suitable for bottom sowing in the sea area are determined;
(2) in the rolling process of the roller, a large amount of data are collected by the pressure sensor and the vibration sensor, the stress reaction degrees of shellfish of different breeding varieties and different specifications under the conditions of different pressures and different vibration frequencies are researched through analyzing the data collected by the pressure sensor and the vibration sensor, the collection strategies aiming at different shellfish varieties and specifications are determined through comprehensively analyzing the experimental data, the collection strategies comprise the advancing speed of a ship, the pressure and the vibration frequency generated by the device and the like, and the collection mode is optimized through data analysis, so that the collection quality and the collection efficiency of shellfish are improved.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), when the mud content in the beach substrate is 70-80% and the sand content is 20-30%, the species of microalgae mainly comprise golden algae and diatoms, and the bottom sowing mainly comprises arca inflata reeve.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), when the sand content in the beach substrate is 70% -90%, the sand is mainly yellow fine sand or silt sand, and the mud content is 10-30%, and the microalgae species are mainly chrysophyceae, diatoms, and nitzschia closterium, the bottom sowing is mainly performed by clams.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when the clams with the shell height of more than 4cm are collected, the ship moves forward at a speed of 1-1.2 nautical miles per hour, and the pressure generated by the device is more than 0.4kg/cm2The vibration frequency generated by the device is 19.7-23.6 times/min.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when the clams with the shell height of 3cm-4cm are collected, the ship advances at a speed of 1.2-1.6 nautical miles per hour, and the pressure generated by the device is more than 0.33kg/cm2The vibration frequency generated by the device is 23.6-31.5 times/min.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when the scapharca broughtonii with the shell height of more than 4cm is collected, the speed of the ship advancing is 0.9-1.1 nautical miles per hour, and the pressure generated by the device is more than 0.41kg/cm2The vibration frequency generated by the device is 17.7-21.6 times/min.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when the scapharca broughtonii with the shell height of 3-4cm is collected, the speed of the ship is 1.1-1.4 nautical miles per hour, and the pressure generated by the device is more than 0.35kg/cm2The vibration frequency generated by the device is 21.6-275 times/min.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the device for improving the capture quality of the mudflat shellfish product comprises a main body and rollers (3) sleeved outside the main body:
the main part, whole be cylindrical, including central cylinder (1) and fix vibrations wheel (2) at central cylinder both ends: the central cylinder is a solid cast iron cylinder, the vibration wheel is a cast iron cylinder with two closed ends and a hollow interior, and the diameters of the central cylinder and the vibration wheel are the same; two vibration wheels are respectively fixed at the left end and the right end of the central cylinder, and of the two vibration wheels fixed at each end, one end of the first vibration wheel is aligned with the corresponding end of the central cylinder and fixed on the end of the central cylinder, and the other end of the first vibration wheel is aligned with one end of the second vibration wheel and fixedly connected with the end of the second vibration wheel;
the inner wall of the vibration wheel is fixedly provided with a plate-shaped baffle (21), the long edge of the baffle is welded on the inner wall of the vibration wheel, and the plate surface of the baffle is vertical to the left end surface/right end surface of the vibration wheel; a pentagonal prism-shaped cast iron ball (22) is placed on the rail; the setting positions of the gears in the two vibration wheels positioned at the left end and the right end of the central cylinder are the same and are positioned on the same horizontal line, and the setting positions of the gears in the two vibration wheels fixedly connected to the left end and the right end of the two vibration wheels are the same and are positioned on the same horizontal line; the two gears are symmetrically arranged at the same end of the central cylinder, and the vertical distance between the two gears and the side edge connected with the inner wall of each vibration wheel is the diameter of the vibration wheel;
gyro wheel (3), quantity is a plurality of, and even cover is established in the outside of main part: the roller is a circular ring made of solid and triangular prism-shaped cast iron, the outer side surface of the circular ring is two intersected side surfaces of the triangular prism, the inner side surface of the circular ring is the other side surface of the triangular prism, and the inner side surface of the circular ring is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the main body; a plurality of sample collecting ports (4) for collecting samples are arranged on the outer wall of the roller positioned at the central position or close to the central position of the main body, a pressure sensor (5) is arranged on the outer wall of the other roller positioned at the central position or close to the central position of the main body, and a vibration sensor (6) is arranged on the outer wall of the roller positioned at the left end or the right end of the main body;
the main body is characterized in that shaft heads (7) are respectively arranged at the axle center positions of two ends of the main body, the two shaft heads are respectively connected with a vertical support (71) which is vertically and upwardly arranged, the top ends of the vertical supports are respectively welded with an inclined support (72) which is obliquely and upwardly arranged, the top ends of the two inclined supports are fixedly connected together by a transverse support (73) which is transversely arranged, and the transverse support is positioned right above the main body; a fixed pulley I (74) is fixed on the transverse bracket, a cable (75) is bound, and the cable is connected with the hoisting and landing device;
the hoisting and descending device (8) comprises a shellfish harvesting ship and a cable winch (81) positioned on the shellfish harvesting ship: a supporting rod I (82) is vertically and upwardly arranged on the shellfish harvesting ship, and the cable winch is arranged on the left side of the tail end of the supporting rod I; the top end of the support rod I is fixedly provided with a transversely arranged support rod II (83), and one end of the support rod II is fixed on the right side of the top end of the support rod I; two fixed pulleys are fixed on the supporting rod II, and a fixed pulley II (84) and a fixed pulley III (85) are respectively arranged from left to right;
the cable (75) is connected with a cable winch after sequentially passing through a fixed pulley III (85), a fixed pulley I (74) and a fixed pulley II (84); the shellfish harvesting ship is provided with a motor which provides power for the shellfish harvesting ship and a mooring rope winch, and the mooring rope winch realizes hoisting and descending through a mooring rope and a pulley.
9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the roller (3) is completely cut off from the inner side surface, the cut edges are two edges of the inner side surface, and the cut edges are welded on the outer wall of the main body; the number of the rollers is 10, the two rollers are arranged at the central positions, a sample collecting port (4) is arranged on the outer wall of one roller, and a pressure sensor (5) is arranged on the outer wall of the other roller; the outer wall of the roller is provided with an anti-rust layer, and the anti-rust layer is made of styrene-acrylic emulsion or pure acrylic emulsion.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the number of sample collection ports is 3, and the sample collection ports are disposed on any one of two intersecting sides of the roller; the edge formed by the intersection of the two intersected side surfaces is an outer edge, and the positions of the 3 sample collecting openings are 3cm, 12.5cm and 22cm inward of the outer edge; the sample collection port is an inner cavity which is dug on the roller and has a small opening and a large abdomen, and the caliber is 2 cm.
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Address after: No. 7 Youyun Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266072 Patentee after: Shandong Academy of Marine Sciences (Qingdao National Marine Science Research Center) Address before: No.7 Youyun Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266104 Patentee before: MARINE BIOLOGY INSTITUTE OF SHANDONG PROVINCE |