CN112956066A - 电性能量储存器单元、电性能量储存器和设备 - Google Patents
电性能量储存器单元、电性能量储存器和设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
电性能量储存器单元（2、3），其具有单元壳体，该单元壳体至少部分地围住该电性能量储存器单元（2、3），其特征在于，该单元壳体的表面具有散热率，该散热率小于0.3、尤其是小于0.2、优选小于0.1。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及根据独立权利要求前序部分所述的一种电性能量储存器单元、一种电性能量储存器和一种设备、尤其是一种交通工具。
背景技术
US 2015 194 713 A1示出了具有外置冷却面的能量储存器系统。
JP 2007 134 308示出了外壳体中的电池元件，该外壳体具有导热覆层。
WO 2014/182759 A1示出了具有多个电池单元的电池组块，在这些电池单元之间布置有热障。
WO 2013/043229 A1示出了具有多个单元的电性能量储存器，在这些单元之间布置有热导体。
发明内容
电性能量储存器单元具有单元壳体，该单元壳体至少部分地围住电性能量储存器单元，在该电性能量储存器单元情况下本发明的核心在于，单元壳体的表面具有小于0.3、尤其是小于0.2、优选小于0.1的散热率。
本发明的背景是，电性能量储存器单元的热辐射是可减少的。由此可以避免整个电性能量储存器的热力贯穿，因为阻止了电性能量储存器中的其他电性能量储存器单元的过热。当断开和/或桥接了故障的电性能量储存器单元时，可以继续使用该电性能量储存器。
本发明的其他有利实施方式是从属权利要求的主题。
根据一有利设计方案，单元壳体具有第一覆层，第一覆层具有比单元壳体更小的散热率。在此有利的是，可以使用针对单元壳体的成本低廉的材料，在该单元壳体上施加具有优化的散热率的覆层。
在此有利的是，单元壳体的表面由铝和/或铬和/或镍包覆金属和/或镀锌和/或二氧化钛来实施。这些材料具有非常小的散热率并有利地被施加为单元壳体上的覆层。
根据另一有利设计方案，单元壳体由膜、尤其是铝膜围住，其具有比单元壳体更小的散热率。借助于该膜，电性能量储存器单元的热辐射可以以简单的方式和方法被减少。
有利地，铝膜被实施为非氧化。
根据另一有利设计方案，单元壳体的尤其是面对外壳体的另一表面具有散热率，该散热率大于0.7、尤其是大于0.8、优选大于0.9。由此可以改善电性能量储存器单元到周围环境的、尤其是远离其它的电性能量储存器单元的热输出。
此外有利的是，单元壳体具有第二覆层，第二覆层具有比单元壳体更大的散热率。单元壳体有利地具有第一覆层和第二覆层，其中，第一覆层的散热率比第二覆层的散热率更小。因此，电性能量储存器单元的热辐射具有向侧表面的优先方向，第二覆层被布置在该侧表面上。
在电性能量储存器的情况下本发明的核心在于，电性能量储存器具有壳体和至少两个电性能量储存器单元，尤其是如前所述的电性能量储存器单元或者说根据涉及电性能量储存器单元的权利要求所述的电性能量储存器单元。
本发明的背景是，可以避免整个电性能量储存器的热力贯穿，因为阻止了电性能量储存器中的其他电性能量储存器单元的过热。当断开和/或桥接了故障的电性能量储存器单元时，可以继续使用该电性能量储存器。
根据一有利设计方案，壳体的内表面具有大于0.7、尤其是大于0.8、优选大于0.9的吸热系数。在此有利的是，壳体上的电性能量储存器单元的热辐射的吸收被改善。由此，故障的电性能量储存器单元的热被壳体吸收并阻止了到其他电性能量储存器单元上的故障蔓延。
有利地，壳体的内表面具有小于0.3、尤其是小于0.2、优选小于0.1的散热率。由此可以减少壳体至电性能量储存器单元的热辐射。
在此有利的是，壳体具有内覆层，内覆层具有比壳体更大的吸热系数和/或更小的散热率。由此可以使用针对壳体的成本低廉的材料，在该壳体上施加具有优化的散热率和/或优化的吸热系数的覆层。
有利地，所述内覆层实施为高选择性覆层，例如由沉积镍的氧化铝和/或黑镍NiS-ZnS和/或黑铬和/或氧化铁和/或氧化铜来实施。内覆层因此不仅具有小的散热率，而且具有高的吸热系数。
此外有利的是，电性能量储存器单元在壳体中被布置为，使得每个电性能量储存器单元的第一覆层面对另一电性能量储存器单元和/或每个电性能量储存器单元的第二覆层面对壳体。由此可以减少从故障的电性能量储存器单元向其他电性能量储存器单元的热辐射并且改善故障的电性能量储存器单元向壳体的热辐射。
在所述设备、尤其是交通工具情况下本发明的核心是，该设备具有电性能量储存器、尤其是如前所述的电性能量储存器或者说根据涉及电性能量储存器的权利要求所述的电性能量储存器。
本发明的背景是，可以避免该设备的整个电性能量储存器的热力贯穿，因为阻止了电性能量储存器中的其他电性能量储存器单元的过热。当断开和/或桥接了故障的电性能量储存器单元时，可以继续使用具有电性能量储存器的设备。
上面的设计方案和改进方案只要合理就可以被任意地彼此组合。本发明的其他可能的设计方案、改进方案和执行方式也包括本发明的之前或随后关于实施例所描述的特征的非明确提到的组合。在此尤其地，本领域技术人员也可以添加作为对于本发明的对应基础形式的改善或补充的单个方面。
附图说明
在随后的段落中根据实施例阐释本发明，从这些实施例中可以得出其他的发明特征，但是本发明在其范围上不被限制于这些发明特征。这些实施例在附图中示出。
其中：
图1a示出了具有过热的电性能量储存器单元3的根据本发明的电性能量储存器1的第一实施例的俯视图；
图1b示出了在过热的电性能量储存器单元13被冷却之后的根据本发明的电性能量储存器10的第一实施例的俯视图；以及
图2在侧视图中示出了根据本发明的电性能量储存器20的第二实施例。
具体实施方式
在图1a中所示的电性能量储存器1的第一实施例具有壳体6和电性能量储存器单元（2、3），它们被布置在壳体6中。
电性能量储存器单元（2、3）具有单元壳体，该单元壳体具有覆层7。覆层7具有比单元壳体更小的散热率。在此，散热率小于0.3、尤其是小于0.2、优选小于0.1。
覆层7例如被实施为铝覆层和/或铬覆层和/或镍包覆金属和/或镀锌和/或二氧化钛覆层。
替选地或附加地，单元壳体用膜卷绕，尤其是用铝膜、优选用非氧化的铝膜。
电性能量储存器单元（2、3）之一具有故障、例如内部短路5，其造成故障的电性能量储存器单元3的温度升高。从故障的电性能量储存器单元3发出热辐射4。
借助于覆层7可以减少从故障的电性能量储存器单元3向其他电性能量储存器单元2的热辐射4。
如图1b中所示的那样，由于故障的电性能量储存器单元13的故障仅破坏了故障的电性能量储存器单元13本身。壳体6中的其他电性能量储存器单元2可以继续被使用。
图2示出了根据本发明的电性能量储存器20的第二实施例。
与根据本发明的电性能量储存器1的第一实施例不同，根据第二实施例的电性能量储存器20的电性能量储存器单元（22、23）具有第一覆层27和第二覆层37。
电性能量储存器20的壳体26具有内覆层36。内覆层36具有比壳体26更大的吸热系数。优选地，吸热系数大于0.7、尤其是大于0.8、优选大于0.9。
内覆层36有利地同时具有比壳体26更小的排放率。在此，内覆层36的排放率小于0.3、尤其是小于0.2、优选小于0.1。所述内覆层36实施为高选择性覆层，例如由沉积镍的氧化铝和/或黑镍NiS-ZnS和/或黑铬和/或氧化铁和/或氧化铜来实施。
在壳体26中布置电性能量储存器单元（22、23）。在此，电性能量储存器单元（22、23）被布置为，使得第一覆层27面对其他能量存储器单元（2、3）且第二覆层37面对壳体26。
第一覆层27具有比单元壳体更小的散热率。在此，散热率小于0.3、尤其是小于0.2、优选小于0.1。
第一覆层27例如被实施为铝覆层和/或铬覆层和/或镍包覆金属和/或镀锌和/或二氧化钛覆层。
第二覆层37具有比单元壳体更大的散热率。优选地，散热率大于0.7、尤其是大于0.8、优选大于0.9。
借助于第一覆层27可以减少从故障的电性能量储存器单元23向其他电性能量储存器单元22的热辐射24。
借助于第二覆层37和或内覆层36可以改善从故障的电性能量储存器单元23向壳体26的热辐射34。由此可以将故障的电性能量储存器单元23的热引出到壳体26上。
在此情况下，电性能量储存器被理解为：尤其是具有电化学能量储存器单元的可充电的能量储存器，；和/或具有至少一个电化学能量储存器单元的能量储存器模块，，和/或具有至少一个能量储存器模块的能量储存器包。能量存储器单元可以被实施为基于锂的电池单元，尤其是锂离子电池单元。替选地，能量储存器单元被实施为锂聚合物电池单元或镍-金属氢化物电池单元或铅酸电池单元或锂空气电池单元或锂硫电池单元。
Claims (12)
1.电性能量储存器单元（2、3、22、23），其具有单元壳体，该单元壳体至少部分地围住所述电性能量储存器单元（2、3、22、23），其特征在于，所述单元壳体的表面具有小于0.3、尤其是小于0.2、优选小于0.1的散热率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电性能量储存器单元（2、3、22、23），其特征在于，所述单元壳体具有第一覆层（7、27），所述第一覆层具有比所述单元壳体更小的散热率。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电性能量储存器单元（2、3、22、23），其特征在于，所述单元壳体的表面由铝和/或铬和/或镍包覆金属和/或镀锌和/或二氧化钛来实施。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电性能量储存器单元（2、3、22、23），其特征在于，所述单元壳体由膜、尤其是铝膜围住，其具有比所述单元壳体更小的散热率。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电性能量储存器单元（2、3、22、23），其特征在于，所述单元壳体的另一表面具有大于0.7、尤其是大于0.8、优选大于0.9的散热率。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电性能量储存器单元（2、3、22、23），其特征在于，所述单元壳体具有第二覆层（37），所述第二覆层具有比所述单元壳体更大的散热率。
7.电性能量储存器，其具有壳体（6、26）和至少两个布置在所述壳体（6、26）中的电性能量储存器单元（2、3、22、23），尤其是根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电性能量储存器单元。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电性能量储存器，其特征在于，所述壳体（26）的内表面具有大于0.7、尤其是大于0.8、优选大于0.9的吸热系数。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的电性能量储存器，其特征在于，所述壳体（26）的内表面具有小于0.3、尤其是小于0.2、优选小于0.1的散热率。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的电性能量储存器，其特征在于，所述壳体（26）具有内覆层（36），所述内覆层具有比所述壳体（26）更大的吸热系数和/或小的散热率，尤其其中，所述内覆层（36）实施为高选择性覆层，尤其是由沉积镍的氧化铝和/或黑镍NiS-ZnS和/或黑铬和/或氧化铁和/或氧化铜来实施。
11.根据权利要求7至10中任一项所述的电性能量储存器，其特征在于，所述电性能量储存器单元（22、23）被这样布置在所述壳体中，使得每个电性能量储存器单元（22、23）的第一覆层（27）面对另一电性能量储存器单元（22、23），和/或每个电性能量储存器单元（22、23）的第二覆层（37）面对所述壳体（6、26）。
12.设备、尤其是交通工具，其具有根据权利要求7至11中任一项所述的电性能量储存器。
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| PCT/EP2019/080477 WO2020099227A1 (de) | 2018-11-14 | 2019-11-07 | Elektrische energiespeicherzelle, elektrischer energiespeicher und vorrichtung |
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