CN112952406B - Space power synthesis antenna and signal receiving and transmitting method thereof - Google Patents
Space power synthesis antenna and signal receiving and transmitting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/1235—Collapsible supports; Means for erecting a rigid antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q21/293—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic one unit or more being an array of identical aerial elements
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Abstract
The invention relates to a space power synthesis antenna and a signal receiving and transmitting method thereof, belongs to the field of microwave radio frequency, and solves the problems of large size, single polarization mode, complex manufacturing process and high cost of the existing space power synthesis antenna. The coaxial cable antenna comprises an SC antenna and an X antenna, wherein the SC antenna and the X antenna are four-array element rotary feed antennas, the four antenna elements are centrally symmetrical, the feed phase difference of the adjacent antenna elements is 90 degrees, the antenna elements comprise a radiator and a bottom plate which are fixed on a support frame, coaxial cables for feeding are sleeved in the radiator and the bottom plate, an inner core of each coaxial cable is welded with an inner hole of a conical horn-shaped radiator, a feed port is arranged at the top end of the inner core, an outer conductor of each coaxial cable is welded with the bottom plate, and the included angle between the horn mouth of each antenna and the vertical direction is 50 degrees+/-5 degrees. The electromagnetic waves radiated between the 4 array element antennas and the bottom plate are synthesized and overlapped to form the left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized wave beam, so that the overall gain of the antenna is improved, and meanwhile, the wave beam pitch angle coverage can reach 60 degrees.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave radio frequency, in particular to a space power synthesis antenna and a signal receiving and transmitting method thereof.
Background
An antenna is a component used in a radio device to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. When the antenna is used for transmitting, the high-frequency current on the transmission line is converted into electromagnetic waves in free space; when the antenna is used for reception, electromagnetic waves in free space are converted into high frequency currents on the transmission line.
In radar and electronic countermeasure applications, it is desirable to obtain a high power beam of directed electromagnetic radiation over a wide frequency band. When the power of a single signal source is insufficient, a power synthesis method can be adopted to synthesize multiple paths of signals with smaller power into signals with larger power. There are two methods of power synthesis: first, circuit network power synthesis, such as a combiner; and secondly, spatial power synthesis, such as array antennas.
The space power synthesis actually uses a plurality of power wave sources to emit radiation waves with the same frequency and the same phase conforming to a specific relation, so that the power is mutually overlapped in the space propagation process, and a high-energy density electromagnetic wave beam is formed in a specific direction and a specific distance. The space power synthesis technology is an effective way to increase the equivalent radiation power, and the array antenna is one of the important technologies for realizing high-power space power synthesis.
The existing power division horn antenna with the space power synthesis function and the array thereof are formed by one-time seamless connection of a power division radiation port, a matching transition section and a waveguide feeder line. The power division horn antenna can effectively avoid grating lobes and improve the antenna gain, but the antenna has the advantages of larger volume, single polarization mode, complex manufacturing process and higher cost.
In view of the above analysis, the gain, frequency bandwidth, beam width, polarization form, volume, cost, etc. of the antenna are important indicators for limiting the performance of the spatial power combining antenna. In the prior art, the antenna gain is improved under the condition of limiting various factors, so that more ideal broadband and large-angle beams are obtained, and the caliber size of the antenna must be increased. Increasing the aperture size of the antenna requires more array elements or larger array element spacing. Among other things, adding array elements can greatly increase the cost and bulk of the system. If the caliber of a single original loudspeaker is only increased, the interval between the loudspeaker array units is increased, grating lobes can appear in an antenna pattern, so that power is radiated in an unnecessary direction, energy is wasted, the power synthesis efficiency is reduced, and unnecessary interference is generated. In addition, a periodic structure material or a special lens structure is added to the design of the space power synthesizer to adjust the phase and amplitude of the electromagnetic wave so as to obtain the wide-angle beam width meeting the requirements, but the space power synthesizer has the defects of complex manufacturing process, higher cost, increased product volume and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a space power synthesis antenna and a signal receiving and transmitting method thereof, which are used for solving the problems that the existing antenna is complex in manufacturing process, high in cost and large in size, grating lobes can appear in an antenna pattern, and a required large-angle beam width is difficult to obtain.
The aim of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
A space power synthesis antenna comprises an SC antenna, an X antenna and a mounting plate; the SC antenna and the X antenna are four-array element rotary feed array antennas and are respectively used for radiating SC-band and X-band radio frequency signals; the SC antenna and the X antenna have the same structure, and the SC antenna and the X antenna are both arranged on the mounting plate.
Specifically, the SC antenna includes: the antenna unit and the first support frame are fixedly arranged on the first support frame.
Specifically, the number of the antenna units is four, the antenna units are distributed in a central symmetry mode, and the feed phase difference of the adjacent unit antennas is 90 degrees.
Specifically, the antenna unit includes: a first radiator, a first base plate and a first coaxial line; the first base plate is grounded, and the first coaxial line is sleeved in the first radiator and the first base plate.
Specifically, the first radiator is a tapered tubular structure.
Specifically, the first support frame is provided with four supporting legs, and four antenna units are respectively and fixedly arranged on the four supporting legs; the included angle between the supporting leg and the mounting plate is 50 degrees+/-5 degrees; the first radiator is arranged perpendicular to the supporting leg; the axis of the first radiator forms an angle of 50 DEG + -5 DEG with the central axis of the SC antenna.
Specifically, the first radiator is cone horn-shaped and comprises a cylindrical barrel and a frustum barrel, and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the large end part of the frustum barrel are respectively the same as the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the cylindrical barrel.
Specifically, the lower part of the inner core of the first coaxial line is welded and fixed with an inner hole of the first radiator, and the upper end part of the inner core of the first coaxial line is provided with an SMP feed port for transmitting radio frequency signals; the first coaxial outer conductor is welded and fixed with the first bottom plate.
Specifically, the first radiator of the antenna unit is sleeved in the radiator mounting hole on the supporting leg and is fixed through the first locking screw.
Specifically, the first support frame is fixedly connected with the mounting plate.
Further, a signal receiving and transmitting method of a space power synthesis antenna is provided, the signal receiving method of the antenna is the inverse process of the signal transmitting method, and the transmitting method of the antenna comprises the following steps:
step S1: the coaxial feed ports of the four antenna units of the SC/X antenna send out radio frequency signals;
Step S2: the horn mouth of the radiator of each antenna unit radiates radio frequency signals into free space;
Step S3: the feeding sequence of the four antenna elements is that the feeding phases of each adjacent antenna element are different by 90 degrees according to the clockwise or anticlockwise direction; the four antenna units respectively output four paths of radio frequency signals with the phases of 0 DEG, 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 DEG, and the four paths of signals synthesize left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic beams in space.
The invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. Bidirectional circular polarization improves gain. The SC antenna and the X antenna adopt a rotary feed array antenna structure with 4 units, the SC antenna and the X antenna are respectively provided with 4 feed ports, the rotary feed array structure is adopted, namely the feed sequence is clockwise or anticlockwise, the feed phase of each adjacent unit antenna is 90 degrees, namely four paths of electromagnetic signals with the phases of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees are simultaneously output, and the four paths of signals are synthesized into a left-hand or right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave beam in space. The space power synthesis technology used by the invention is that electromagnetic waves radiated between 4 array element antennas inclined at a certain angle and a floor are synthesized and overlapped, so that the left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic wave beams can be synthesized, the overall gain of the antenna is improved, and the defect of weaker large-angle gain of a single array element is greatly overcome.
2. The radiation beam pitch angle is large and the coverage area is wider. The antenna units are distributed in a central symmetry way, the antenna units are realized by conical and cylindrical horn mouth and bottom plates, are distributed in a central symmetry way, and are inclined outwards at 50+/-5 degrees with the axis, and the horn mouth of the radiator of the antenna unit is inclined at 50+/-5 degrees with the axis vertical to the mounting plate 3, so that the beam pitch angle coverage can reach 60 degrees.
3. The bandwidth is large: covering S, C, X bands. The broadband high-gain antenna comprises the SC antenna and the X antenna, can realize the radiation of radio frequency signals with different frequency bands, uses the SC antenna and the X antenna, and switches the SC band and the X band through digital level signals to cover S, C, X bands.
4. The volume is small and the occupied space is small. The space power synthesis antenna adopts a central symmetrical structure, and the bottom plate of the antenna unit is arranged in the space below the supporting frame, so that the integration level of the antenna structure is higher, the size is smaller, the occupied space is small, and the popularization and the use are convenient.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be mutually combined to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, like reference numerals being used to refer to like parts throughout the several views.
Fig. 1 is a top view of an SC antenna and an X antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a right side view of the SC antenna and the X antenna of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
A 1-SC antenna; a 2-X antenna; 3-mounting plates; 11-a first support frame; 12-a first radiator; 13-a first locking bolt; 14-a first bottom plate; 15-a first fixing bolt; 16-a first coaxial line; 21-a second support frame; 22-X antenna element.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the application is made in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description of the embodiments of the application, are used to explain the principles of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
Example 1
In a specific embodiment of the invention, a space power synthesis antenna is disclosed, the antenna comprises an SC antenna 1 and/or an X antenna 2, a mounting plate 3 and a radio frequency cable, and the SC antenna 1 and/or the X antenna 2 are/is mounted on the mounting plate 3, as shown in figure 1.
The SC antenna 1 is used for transmitting SC-band radio frequency signals, the X antenna 2 is used for transmitting X-band radio frequency signals, and the present embodiment uses the SC antenna 1 and the X antenna 2 and switches the SC band and the X band to cover S, C, X bands by digital level signals. The SC antenna 1 and the X antenna 2 of the invention are realized by adopting a group of circular rotary feed array antennas, and the microwave ends of the antennas switch the left and right circular polarization forms of the SC wave band and the X wave band through the phase conversion of feed.
Specifically, the SC antenna 1 and the X antenna 2 have the same structural form, and the sizes of the SC antenna 1 and the X antenna 2 are adjusted according to different operating frequencies. The antenna comprises four array element conical horns, an integrated antenna base plate, a mounting plate 3, a supporting frame and a feed antenna. The four-array-element conical horns are conical horn-shaped radiators in four circumferential arrays.
The SC antenna 1 and the X antenna 2 of this embodiment each have four antenna units distributed in central symmetry, and when transmitting signals, the phase difference of the feed of each adjacent antenna unit is 90 °, four amplified signals with phases of 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° are respectively output, and four radio frequency signals are subjected to power synthesis in space, so as to improve the antenna gain.
Specifically, the antenna assembly of the present embodiment is a transceiver common antenna, and is used for receiving a radiation signal in free space in addition to radiating an interference signal.
Further, the SC antenna 1 and the X antenna 2 have the same structural form, and only the size parameter and the feeding frequency are different. Accordingly, the specific structures of the SC antenna 1 and the X antenna 2 will be described below taking the SC antenna 1 as an example.
Specifically, the SC antenna 1 includes: four antenna elements of central symmetry distribution (circumference even array distribution), first support frame 11, first locking bolt 13 and first fixing bolt 15, wherein, four antenna elements of central symmetry distribution constitutes four array element antennas, and four array element antennas are installed on first support frame 11 to it is fixed through first locking bolt 13.
Specifically, each antenna element includes a first radiator 12, a first coaxial line 16, and a first chassis 14. The first coaxial line 16 serves as a signal source for transmitting SC-band radio frequency signals, and is sleeved in the first radiator 12 and the first base plate 14.
Specifically, the first bottom plate 14 is a plate-like structure, and the first bottom plate 14 is a rectangular plate or a shaped plate composed of a rectangular plate and a trapezoidal plate.
The first bottom plates 14 have four blocks, and adjacent first bottom plates 14 are fixedly connected by welding or bonding. In order to maintain the stability of the installation position of the first bottom plates 14, square bottom plates are arranged above the four first bottom plates 14, and four sides of the square bottom plates are fixedly connected with the four first bottom plates 14 through welding or bonding and other modes. Or the four first base plates 14 and the square base plates at the upper ends thereof are integrally manufactured to form an integrated antenna base plate of the SC antenna 1.
Specifically, the first coaxial line 16 passes through the first base plate 14 and the horn-shaped first radiator 12. Specifically, the lower end of the inner core of the first coaxial line 16 is fixed with the inner hole of the small end of the horn-shaped first radiator 12 through welding, and the upper end of the inner core of the first coaxial line 16 is provided with an SMP feed port for transmitting radio frequency signals. The first base plate 14 is used for grounding, and coaxial line mounting holes are formed in the first base plate 14, and an outer conductor (shielding layer) of the first coaxial line 16 and the first base plate 14 are fixed by welding. The structure of the antenna element is seen in fig. 2.
The horn-shaped radiator is used as the inner core of the radiating termination coaxial line, the bottom plate is connected with the shielding layer of the coaxial line and is used as the reference ground, and the signal radiation in a larger range can be realized.
Specifically, the first supporting frame 11 includes four supporting legs, the four supporting legs are distributed in a circumferential array, each supporting leg is provided with an antenna unit, and the first radiator of the antenna unit is perpendicular to the supporting leg. That is, the adjacent legs are perpendicular to each other, and the angles of the adjacent antenna elements are also perpendicular to each other.
Further, the four legs of the first supporting frame 11 form an angle of 50 ° ± 5 ° with the mounting plate 3, and the included angle between the adjacent legs (in the horizontal direction) is 90 °, that is, the antenna units are symmetrically distributed in the center and inclined at a certain angle with respect to the horizontal direction, as shown in fig. 1. That is, the horn mouth orientation (first radiator axis direction) of the first radiator 12 of each antenna unit is inclined at an angle (turn_sc) of 50 ° ± 5 ° from the central axis (vertical direction) of the SC antenna perpendicular to the mounting board 3, as shown in fig. 2, the SC antenna 1 or X antenna 2 of the present invention is a center symmetrical structure, when the SC antenna 1 or X antenna 2 of the present invention is placed horizontally, the central axis thereof is vertically upward, and the horn mouth orientation of the first radiator 12 is 50 ° ± 5 ° from the vertical direction.
The SC antenna 1 or the X antenna 2 of this embodiment are connected to an jammer and an amplifier, and emit rf signals in the SC band or the X band to the outside, and the SC antenna 1 and the X antenna 2 each have 4 feeding ports, and a rotary feeding array structure is adopted, that is, feeding sequences are clockwise or counterclockwise, and the feeding phases of each adjacent antenna unit are different by 90 °, so that a left-handed (counterclockwise rotation) or right-handed (clockwise rotation) circularly polarized electromagnetic beam can be synthesized, so as to implement dual circularly polarized radiation, and the circularly polarized electromagnetic beam rotates 360 ° along with time.
The following are specific structural shapes and mounting modes of the SC antenna:
the first radiator 12 has a tapered tubular structure, i.e., one end of the first radiator 12 has a large caliber and the other end has a small caliber. For example: the first radiator 12 may be a truncated cone-shaped tubular, a conical horn-shaped, a combination of a cylindrical tube and a truncated cone-shaped tube, a truncated pyramid-shaped (polygonal truncated pyramid-shaped tube), a hemispherical shell, or the like.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the first radiator 12 is cone-shaped, and includes a cylindrical barrel and a frustum barrel, where the diameter of the large end (inner diameter and outer diameter) of the frustum barrel is the same as the diameter (inner diameter and outer diameter) of the cylindrical barrel, and the cylindrical barrel and the frustum barrel are welded or integrally formed to obtain the cone-shaped first radiator 12.
The first base plate 14 and the conical horn-shaped first radiator 12 are made of brass, and the antenna unit is fixed on the first supporting frame 11 made of polyimide.
The four supporting legs of the first supporting frame 11 are fixedly connected with the upper ends of the adjacent supporting legs in a welding or bolt connection mode and the like, the lower ends of the supporting legs are fixedly connected with the mounting plate 3 through the first fixing bolts 15, and the installation and fixation between the whole SC antenna 2 and the mounting plate 3 are realized.
Specifically, the four supporting legs of the first supporting frame 11 are all plate-shaped structures, and radiator mounting holes are formed in the supporting legs. The antenna unit is mounted in the radiator mounting holes of the support frame legs, specifically, four first radiators 12 are mounted in the radiator mounting holes on the four legs of the corresponding first support frame 11, respectively. After the installation, the first radiator 12 is perpendicular to the legs of the first support frame 11, i.e. the radiator axis is perpendicular to the leg plane, and the first base plate 14 is parallel to the legs of the first support frame.
Specifically, the first radiator 12 and the first supporting frame 11 are locked and fixed by a first locking screw 13, and the fixing mode is as follows: the first locking bolt 13 is screwed into a side opening of the leg of the first support frame 11 and abuts against the first radiator 12, so that the first radiator 12 is clamped on the first support frame 11. Each supporting leg of the first supporting frame 11 is provided with a first locking bolt 13 on two sides, the first locking bolts 13 are propped against two sides of the first radiator 12, and the first radiator 12 is clamped in the radiator mounting holes of the supporting legs to achieve fixation.
In order to ensure the stability of the structure, the first supporting frame 11 is also provided with a square top plate, and four supporting legs of the first supporting frame 11 are welded, adhered and fixed with the square top plate or are of an integrated structure. That is, the first supporting frame 11 of the SC antenna includes four legs and a square top plate, the upper ends of the four legs are fixedly mounted with the four sides of the square top plate by welding or bonding, respectively, and the lower ends of the four legs are fixed with the mounting plate 3 as one body by the first fixing bolts 15.
The structure of the X antenna 2 is the same as that of the SC antenna 1, only the wave band and the size parameter of the radiated radio frequency signal are different, and the SC antenna 1 and the X antenna 2 are both mounted on the mounting board 3.
Specifically, the X antenna 2 includes: a second support bracket 21, an X antenna unit 22, a second locking bolt, and a second fixing bolt. Wherein the X antenna unit 22 includes: the second radiator, the second bottom plate and the second coaxial line, the second coaxial line can radiate the radio frequency signal of X wave band.
Because SC antenna and X antenna do not work simultaneously, in order to avoid X antenna during operation, the SC antenna produces shielding to the X antenna and influences its result of use, can design mounting panel 3 into ladder structure, and the bigger SC antenna of size is installed on low step, and the smaller X antenna of size is installed on high step, reduces the height of SC antenna. That is, in order to reduce the influence of the SC antenna 1 on the shielding of the X antenna 2, the height difference between the two mounting planes on the mounting plate 3 is adjusted, and the X antenna 2 is raised as a whole under the limitation of the prescribed height dimension, in a specific form as shown in fig. 2. Or a height adjusting device is arranged at the bottom of the X antenna, and the X antenna is fixedly connected with the mounting plate 3 through the height adjusting device.
The wideband high-gain antenna of the space power synthesis technology used in the invention is synthesized and overlapped by electromagnetic waves radiated between the horn-shaped radiators of 4 antenna units inclined at a certain angle and the bottom plate, thereby effectively avoiding grating lobes and improving the overall gain and the signal radiation intensity of the antenna.
Example two
The present embodiment is a signal receiving and transmitting method for receiving or transmitting a signal by using the spatial power combining antenna of the first embodiment, wherein the signal receiving method (process) of the antenna is an inverse process of the signal transmitting method (process), and specifically, the signal transmitting method of the spatial power combining antenna of the present invention includes the following steps:
Step S1: the coaxial feed ports of the four antenna units of the SC/X antenna send out radio frequency signals; specifically, the antenna unit is capable of transmitting radio frequency signals in the S-band, C-band or X-band.
Step S2: the horn mouth of the radiator of each antenna unit radiates radio frequency signals into free space;
Step S3: the feeding sequence of the four antenna elements is that the feeding phases of each adjacent antenna element are different by 90 degrees according to the clockwise or anticlockwise direction; the four antenna units respectively output four paths of radio frequency signals with the phases of 0 DEG, 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 DEG, and the four paths of signals synthesize left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic beams in space.
The SC antenna 1 and the X antenna 2 of the present invention each adopt the above-described 4-antenna-element rotary feed array antenna structure, and are a common antenna for transmission and reception. When the SC antenna 1 or the X antenna 2 works, interference signals with the phases of 0 DEG, 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 DEG of four paths of SC/X wave bands are radiated to free space respectively, and power superposition is carried out. The gain in the beam coverage area is mostly more than or equal to-3 dBi, the defect that the gain of a single array element in a large angle is weaker is greatly overcome, and the pitch angle coverage area of the circularly polarized electromagnetic beam can reach 0-60 degrees.
Modeling and simulating the antenna in the HFSS, and the size of the horn mouth of the antenna, the relative distance between antenna units, the inclination angle and the like are all represented by variable parameters, so that parameter scanning and optimization are convenient. Table 1 lists some of the main model parameters and optimization values:
TABLE 1 model parameters
According to simulation results and actual test results of products, the space power synthesis antenna can output high-gain radio frequency signals in a wide frequency band and a large angle, and the SC antenna and the X antenna can synthesize left-hand or right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beams, so that the gain in the beam coverage range is mostly more than or equal to-3 dBi, and the pitch angle range of the beam coverage ranges from 0 degrees to 60 degrees.
According to the system robustness requirement, simulation is carried out according to different feed phase errors, and the result shows that the minimum value of the gain is reduced by 0.5dB and 1dB under the phase errors of +/-5 degrees and +/-10 degrees, and the minimum value of the gain belongs to an acceptable range.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment has at least one of the following effects:
According to the invention, signal radiation is performed by arranging four antenna units which are distributed in a central symmetry manner, the four antenna units form a rotary feed array structure, namely, the feed sequence is clockwise or anticlockwise, the phase difference of feeds of every two adjacent antenna units is 90 degrees, and left-hand or right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beams can be synthesized, so that the gain in the coverage area of the beams is greater than or equal to-3 dBi, and the coverage pitch angle of the beams is 0-60 degrees.
The space power synthesis antenna also has the advantage of small volume, and the size of the SC antenna can be controlled to be phi 150mm or 33mm according to the size parameters of the table 1, so that the space power synthesis antenna has relatively small volume, occupies small space and is convenient to install and use.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A space power synthesis antenna, which is characterized by comprising an SC antenna (1), an X antenna (2) and a mounting plate (3); the SC antenna (1) and the X antenna (2) are four-array element rotary feed array antennas which are respectively used for radiating SC-band and X-band radio frequency signals; the SC antenna (1) and the X antenna (2) have the same structure, and the SC antenna (1) and the X antenna (2) are both arranged on the mounting plate (3);
The SC antenna (1) comprises: the antenna unit and the first supporting frame (11) are fixedly arranged on the first supporting frame (11);
The number of the antenna units is four, the antenna units are distributed in a central symmetry mode, and the feed phase difference of adjacent unit antennas is 90 degrees; when transmitting signals, the phase difference of feed of each adjacent antenna unit is 90 degrees, amplified signals with four paths of phases of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees are respectively output, and four paths of radio frequency signals are subjected to power synthesis in space;
the antenna unit includes: a first radiator (12), a first base plate (14) and a first coaxial line (16); the first bottom plate (14) is grounded, and the first coaxial line (16) is sleeved in the first radiator (12) and the first bottom plate (14);
the first radiator (12) is of a gradually-shrinking tubular structure;
the first radiator (12) is conical horn-shaped and comprises a cylindrical barrel and a frustum barrel, and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the large end part of the frustum barrel are respectively the same as the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the cylindrical barrel;
The first support frame (11) is provided with four supporting legs, and four antenna units are respectively and fixedly arranged on the four supporting legs; the included angle between the supporting leg and the mounting plate (3) is 50 degrees+/-5 degrees; an included angle between the axis of the first radiator (12) and the central axis of the SC antenna is 50 DEG + -5 DEG;
The first radiator (12) of the antenna unit is sleeved in the radiator mounting hole on the supporting leg and is fixed through a first locking screw (13);
Four supporting legs of the first supporting frame (11) are of plate-shaped structures, and radiator mounting holes are formed in the supporting legs; the antenna unit is arranged in the radiator mounting hole of the supporting leg of the supporting frame; the four first radiators (12) are respectively arranged in the radiator mounting holes on the four supporting legs of the corresponding first supporting frame (11); after the installation is finished, the first radiator (12) is vertical to the supporting leg of the first supporting frame (11), namely the axis of the radiator is vertical to the plane of the supporting leg, and the first bottom plate (14) is parallel to the supporting leg of the first supporting frame;
the structure of the X antenna (2) is the same as that of the SC antenna (1), and only the wave band and the size parameter of the radiated radio frequency signal are different;
the X antenna (2) comprises: a second support (21) and an X antenna unit (22); the X antenna unit (22) includes: the second radiator, the second bottom plate and the second coaxial line are capable of radiating radio frequency signals of an X wave band;
the SC antenna (1) and the X antenna (2) do not work at the same time, the mounting plate (3) is of a ladder structure, the SC antenna (1) with larger size is mounted on a low step, and the X antenna (2) with smaller size is mounted on a high step.
2. The spatial power synthesis antenna according to claim 1, wherein the lower portion of the inner core of the first coaxial line (16) is welded and fixed with the inner hole of the first radiator (12), and the upper end portion of the inner core of the first coaxial line (16) is provided with an SMP feed port for transmitting radio frequency signals; the outer conductor of the first coaxial line (16) is welded to the first base plate (14).
3. The spatial power combining antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the first support frame (11) is fixedly connected with the mounting plate (3).
4. A method for transmitting and receiving signals of a space power combining antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method for receiving signals of the antenna is an inverse of the method for transmitting signals, and the method for transmitting the antenna comprises the steps of:
step S1: the coaxial feed ports of the four antenna units of the SC/X antenna send out radio frequency signals;
Step S2: radiating the radio frequency signals to free space by horn mouths of radiators of the antenna units;
Step S3: the feeding sequence of the four antenna elements is performed clockwise or anticlockwise, and the feeding phases of each adjacent antenna element are different by 90 degrees; the four antenna units respectively output four paths of radio frequency signals with the phases of 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree, and the four paths of radio frequency signals synthesize left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic beams in space.
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