CN115425413A - Interference phase transmission array for space power synthesis - Google Patents
Interference phase transmission array for space power synthesis Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
- H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses an interference phase transmission array for space power synthesis, which comprises a radio frequency signal source; the radio frequency signal source is used for generating a first path of radio frequency signals and a second path of radio frequency signals and respectively sending a first power amplifier and a second power amplifier; the first power amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the first path of radio frequency signal and outputting the first path of radio frequency signal to the first feed source; the first feed source is used for receiving a first path of radio frequency signal and radiating the first path of radio frequency signal to the transmission array by a first path of electromagnetic wave; the second power amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the second path of radio frequency signal and outputting the second path of radio frequency signal to the second feed source; the second feed source is connected with the second power amplifier and used for receiving a second path of radio frequency signals and radiating the second path of electromagnetic waves to the transmission array; and the transmission array is used for receiving the first path of electromagnetic wave and the second path of electromagnetic wave, converting the first path of electromagnetic wave and the second path of electromagnetic wave into beams and synthesizing the beams to obtain synthesized beams. The invention can realize that the electromagnetic waves in different directions are emitted out perpendicular to the plane of the transmission array after passing through the transmission array, and realizes power synthesis in space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an interference phase transmission array for space power synthesis.
Background
In millimeter wave transmitters, high Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is required. EIRP is related to the transmit power and antenna gain of a Power Amplifier (PA). In the mmW band, the output power of a single PA is limited. Therefore, multiple Power Amplifiers (PAs) are needed to combine, achieving higher total transmit power.
However, conventional power combining techniques require expensive waveguides, which results in excessive costs. Although antenna arrays can significantly improve gain, relying on complex power distribution networks has problems of excessive loss and cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an interference phase transmission array for spatial power synthesis, aiming at the technical defects in the prior art.
Therefore, the invention provides an interference phase transmission array for space power synthesis, which comprises a radio frequency signal source, a first power amplifier, a second power amplifier, a first feed source, a second feed source and a transmission array, wherein the radio frequency signal source is connected with the first power amplifier;
the radio frequency signal source is used for generating a first path of radio frequency signal and a second path of radio frequency signal and respectively sending the first path of radio frequency signal and the second path of radio frequency signal to the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier;
the first power amplifier is connected with the radio frequency signal source and used for receiving a first path of radio frequency signals sent by the radio frequency signal source, and outputting the first path of radio frequency signals to the first feed source after power amplification;
the first feed source is connected with the first power amplifier and used for receiving a first path of radio frequency signals which are sent by the first power amplifier and subjected to power amplification, and then radiating the first path of radio frequency signals to the transmission array in the form of first path of electromagnetic waves;
the second power amplifier is connected with the radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving a second path of radio frequency signals sent by the radio frequency signal source, amplifying the power and outputting the second path of radio frequency signals to a second feed source;
the second feed source is connected with the second power amplifier and used for receiving a second path of radio frequency signals which are sent by the second power amplifier and subjected to power amplification and then radiating the second path of radio frequency signals to the transmission array in the form of a second path of electromagnetic waves;
the first feed source and the second feed source are symmetrically distributed left and right or front and back;
and the transmission array is used for receiving the first path of electromagnetic waves transmitted by the first feed source and the second path of electromagnetic waves transmitted by the second feed source, respectively converting the first path of electromagnetic waves and the second path of electromagnetic waves into a first beam and a second beam, and synthesizing the first path of electromagnetic waves and the second path of electromagnetic waves to obtain a synthesized beam.
Compared with the prior art, the interference phase transmission array for space power synthesis provided by the invention has the advantages that the design is scientific, electromagnetic waves in different directions can be emitted out perpendicularly to the plane of the transmission array after passing through the transmission array, the power synthesis is realized in space, the loss and cost problems of the conventional power synthesis technology can be solved while the Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is improved, and the practical significance is great.
The invention relates to an interference phase transmission array antenna which is used for space power synthesis and used for improving Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of a millimeter wave transmitter.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a theoretical model for implementing spatial power synthesis by two feed sources and a transmission array in an interferometric phase transmission array for spatial power synthesis according to the present invention;
fig. 1b is a schematic perspective view of any one transmission array unit in the interferometric phase transmission array for spatial power synthesis according to the present invention;
fig. 1c is a top view of any one of the transmissive array units in the interferometric phase transmissive array for spatial power combining according to the present invention, where the top view and the bottom view of the transmissive array unit are the same as each other;
FIG. 1d is a schematic diagram of the phase versus frequency curve of a transmissive array element when the side length N of a square first metal patch is 1.1mm, 1.6mm, 1.9mm, 2.1mm, 2.3mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm and 2.6mm, respectively;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the phase distribution of a transmission array (i.e., a transmission array) in an interferometric phase transmission array for spatial power synthesis according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission array (i.e., a transmission array) in an interferometric phase transmission array for spatial power synthesis according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a patch antenna used by a first feed source in an interferometric phase transmission array for spatial power synthesis according to the present invention; the patch antenna adopted by the second feed source has the same structure as the patch antenna adopted by the first feed source;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a transmissive array antenna formed by two feeds, i.e., a first feed and a second feed, and a transmissive array in an interferometric phase transmissive array for spatial power synthesis according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a drawing showing the simulation and test | S of the model formed by the single feed source (e.g. the first feed source or the second feed source) and the transmission array in the interferometric phase transmission array for spatial power synthesis according to the present invention 11 Schematic view, | schematic view; the schematic diagrams of simulation of the first feed source and the second feed source are the same as those of a test | S11 |;
FIG. 7a is a simulation and test E face directional diagram of a first feed source and transmission array forming model at 25 GHz;
FIG. 7b is a simulation and test E face directional diagram of a second feed source and transmission array forming model at 25 GHz;
fig. 8 is a simulation and test E-plane directional diagram of a model formed by two feeds, namely the first feed and the second feed, and the transmission array at 25 GHz.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to embodiments of the present invention, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate a number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1a to 8, the invention provides an interference phase transmission array for spatial power synthesis, which comprises a radio frequency signal source 1, a first power amplifier 21, a second power amplifier 22, a first feed source 31, a second feed source 32 and a transmission array 4;
the radio frequency signal source 1 is configured to generate a first radio frequency signal and a second radio frequency signal (i.e., two radio frequency signals), and respectively send the first radio frequency signal and the second radio frequency signal to the first power amplifier 21 and the second power amplifier 22;
the first power amplifier 21 is connected with the radio frequency signal source 1, and is used for receiving a first path of radio frequency signal sent by the radio frequency signal source 1, performing power amplification, and outputting the first path of radio frequency signal to the first feed source 31;
the first feed source 31 is connected to the first power amplifier 21, and is configured to receive the first path of radio frequency signal sent by the first power amplifier 21 and subjected to power amplification, and then radiate the first path of radio frequency signal to the transmissive array 4 in the form of a first path of electromagnetic wave;
the second power amplifier 22 is connected to the radio frequency signal source 1, and is configured to receive the second path of radio frequency signal sent by the radio frequency signal source 1, and output the second path of radio frequency signal to the second feed source 321 after performing power amplification;
the second feed source 32 is connected to the second power amplifier 22, and is configured to receive the second path of radio frequency signal sent by the second power amplifier 22 and subjected to power amplification, and then radiate the second path of radio frequency signal to the transmission array 4 in the form of a second path of electromagnetic wave;
the first feed source 31 and the second feed source 32 are symmetrically distributed left and right or front and back;
and the transmission array 4 is configured to receive a first path of electromagnetic waves transmitted by the first feed source 31 and a second path of electromagnetic waves transmitted by the second feed source 32, convert the first path of electromagnetic waves and the second path of electromagnetic waves into a first beam and a second beam respectively, and synthesize the first beam and the second beam to obtain a synthesized beam.
In the invention, in a concrete implementation, an included angle α is formed between a connecting line between a central point of the first feed source 31 and a central point of the transmission array 4 and a longitudinal vertical plane of the transmission array 4;
the central point of the transmission array 4 is positioned in the vertical plane of the transmission array 4;
a connecting line between the central point of the second feed source 32 and the central point of the transmission array 4 also forms an included angle alpha with the longitudinal vertical plane of the transmission array 4;
in a specific implementation, the included angle α is smaller than 40 °, because when the incident angle α is larger than 40 °, the curve of the phase of the transmissive array unit in fig. 1d varying with frequency may be distorted due to the larger incident angle α.
It should be noted that the included angle α represents only one electromagnetic wave coming from a specific direction, and the direction of the electromagnetic wave may be: on the yoz plane and at an angle alpha to the z-axis. The electromagnetic wave in the direction is adjusted by the transmission array and then emitted out along the center of the transmission array and vertical to the plane of the transmission array.
It should be noted that, for the present invention, the rf signal source 1, which is used for generating and transmitting rf signals, is a source of signals for exciting the first feed 31 and the second feed 32. The radio frequency signal emitted by the radio frequency signal source 1 is divided into two paths for transmission, each path of radio frequency signal is subjected to power amplification through a power amplifier, then the two paths of radio frequency signals after power amplification are transmitted to two feed sources, then the two feed sources respectively radiate information carried by the radio frequency signals after power amplification into space in the form of electromagnetic waves, and the included angle between the main radiation direction of the electromagnetic waves and an XOZ plane (namely a longitudinal vertical plane of the transmission array 4) is alpha;
the main radiation direction of the electromagnetic wave is the connecting line direction between the central point of the first feed source 31 or the second feed source 32 and the central point of the transmission array 4;
the XOZ plane is a vertical plane including X and Z axes in a three-dimensional coordinate system XYZ, and the central point of the transmissive array 4 is located in the XOZ plane;
the three-dimensional coordinate system XYZ is a three-dimensional coordinate system established by taking the central point of the transmission array 4 as an origin O, wherein the Z axis is vertically upward (perpendicular to the plane of the transmission array 4), the Y axis is horizontally rightward, the X axis is horizontally forward, that is, the Y axis is a horizontal axis, the X axis is a vertical axis, and the Z axis is a vertical axis.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 1a, the plane where the transmissive array 4 is located is an XOY plane;
the XOY plane is a vertical plane including X and Y axes in a three-dimensional coordinate system XYZ, and the central point of the transmissive array 4 is located in the XOY plane.
In the invention, the transmission array 4 is used for regulating and controlling electromagnetic waves in a space, so that the phase of the electromagnetic waves is changed, beam forming is realized, two paths of electromagnetic waves (namely a first path of electromagnetic waves and a second path of electromagnetic waves) are respectively converted into two beams of beams to realize synthesis in the space, and thus high-gain beams (namely synthetic beams) are obtained.
In the invention, in a specific implementation, the transmission array 4 adopts an F4B high-frequency medium plate;
the first feed source 31 and the second feed source 32 are patch antennas, and adopt a Ruilon dielectric plate;
in particular, the radio frequency signal source 1, the first power amplifier 21, and the second power amplifier 22 may all adopt common devices in existing radio frequency circuits, which are mature devices in the prior art and are not described herein again.
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the transmissive array 4 includes m × n transmissive array units 400, which is an m × n array; and m and n are both natural numbers larger than 1.
In a specific implementation, the sizes of the transmissive array units 400 are different, which indicates that the phase responses of the transmissive array units are different, and when the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first feed source 31 and the second feed source 32 pass through each transmissive array unit, different phase adjustments can be implemented, so as to implement beam forming.
It should be noted that the beamforming technique is to adjust parameters of basic units of the phased array (i.e., the transmission array 4) so that signals at certain angles obtain constructive interference and signals at other angles obtain destructive interference.
It should be noted that the feed source is a basic component of the array antenna, is a primary radiator of the high-gain antenna, is usually a weak-directivity antenna, and may be a low-gain antenna such as a horn antenna and a patch antenna, and is specifically used for radiating electromagnetic waves.
And a general array antenna includes a transmissive array antenna and a reflective array antenna. The invention is a transmission array antenna, also can be understood as a plane lens antenna, electromagnetic waves radiated by a first feed source 31 and a second feed source 32 are adjusted by a transmission array and then become high-gain beams.
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the first feed 31 and the second feed 32 have the same structure and are both patch antennas (of course, other antennas such as a horn antenna and the like may also be used as feeds);
it should be noted that, for one antenna model, the antenna radiates electromagnetic waves by feeding through the patch antenna serving as a feed source, wherein if feeding a single feed source is a single feed source model, and feeding two feed sources simultaneously is a double feed source model.
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, referring to fig. 1b and 1c, each transmissive array unit 400 includes five layers of first dielectric substrates 401 stacked one on top of the other;
a square first metal patch 402 is arranged (for example, by printing) at the center of the top surface of the uppermost first dielectric substrate 401;
the second metal patches 403 are circumferentially arranged at the peripheral edge of the top surface of the uppermost first dielectric substrate 401;
a square first metal patch 402 is arranged (for example, by printing) at the center of the bottom surface of the first dielectric substrate 401 at the lowermost layer;
the second metal patch 403 is circumferentially disposed around the bottom surface of the lowermost first dielectric substrate 401.
In a specific implementation, the first dielectric substrate 401 is an F4B high-frequency plate (with a dielectric constant of 2.65);
the first metal patch 402 and the second metal patch 403 are both metal copper sheets;
the second metal patch 403 is shaped like a "return".
It should be noted that, for the present invention, each transmissive array unit 400 includes five layers of first dielectric substrates 401 (F4B high-frequency plates are used, the dielectric constant is 2.65), the thickness of each layer of first dielectric substrate 401 is 1.5mm, and there is no gap between adjacent plates. The top layer and the bottom layer of each layer of the first dielectric substrate 401 have the same structure, and are both shown in fig. 1c, wherein the side length M of the first dielectric substrate 401 is 4mm; the whole structure of the second metal patch 403 is a square metal copper ring, and the width t of the second metal patch 403 is 0.05mm;
the side length of the first metal patch 402 of the square is N, and N is a variable. The phase change of the transmissive array element 400 is related to the magnitude of N.
In the present invention, the phase distribution of the transmission array is calculated by the following three equations (1) to (3). Then designing a corresponding transmission array unit capable of meeting the phase distribution. The phase of the transmissive array elements varies with size because the phase varies due to the varying size of the metallic radiators of the elements. The size of the metal radiator (i.e., the first metal patch 402) of the transmissive array unit 100 is changed. I.e. a change in the transmission phase.
Referring to fig. 1d, it is a schematic diagram of a phase change curve of the transmissive array unit 400 with frequency when the side length N of the square first metal patch 402 is N =1.1mm, 1.6mm, 1.9mm, 2.1mm, 2.3mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm and 2.6mm, respectively.
In the present invention, in particular, the transmissive array 4 satisfies the following phase distribution compensation conditions;
the compensation phase of the transmission array 4 is calculated as follows:
in the formula (1), phi 1 (x m ,y n ) Is the phase distribution of the first feed 31 to each transmission array unit on the transmission array (i.e. the transmission array 4) caused by the propagation path difference;
(x m ,y n ) The transmission array unit positioned at the m-th row and the n-th column in the transmission array is shown;
k 0 ＝2π/λ 0 is the free space wavenumber (lambda) 0 Is a wavelength in free space).
(x 1 ,y 1 ,z 1 ) Is the coordinates of the location where the first feed 31 is located, i.e. the location coordinates in the three-dimensional coordinate system XYZ.
In the formula (2), phi 2 (x m ,y n ) Is the phase distribution of the second feed 32 to each transmissive array element on the transmissive array (i.e., transmissive array 4) due to the propagation path difference.
(x m ,y n ) The transmissive array unit located at the m-th row and n-th column in the transmissive array is shown.
k 0 ＝2π/λ 0 Is the free space wavenumber (lambda) 0 Is a wavelength in free space).
(x 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 ) Is the coordinates of the location where the second feed 32 is located, i.e. the location coordinates in the three-dimensional coordinate system XYZ.
Δφ(x m ,y n )＝arg(A 1 (x m ,y n )exp(jφ 1 )+A 2 (x m ,y n )exp(jφ 2 ))
Equation (3);
in the formula (3), Δ φ (x) m ,y n ) Represents the superposition of phases caused by propagation path differences of the respective transmission array elements on the transmission array (i.e., the transmission array 4) by the first feed 31 and the second feed 32;
(x m ,y n ) The transmission array unit positioned at the m-th row and n-th column in the transmission array is shown;
arg, complex argument, refers to the argument principal of the complex number;
exp, exponential function with e as base;
A 1 (x m ,y n ) Representing an electric field amplitude of an electromagnetic wave radiated by a first feed source to each transmissive array element of the transmissive array;
A 2 (x m ,y n ) Representing the electric field amplitude of the electromagnetic wave radiated to each transmission array unit of the transmission array by the second feed source;
in the above formula, (x) 1 ,y 1 ,z 1 ) And (x) 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 ) Two feeds, respectively a first feed 31 and a second feed 32, are in a three-dimensional coordinate system XYZThe coordinate position of (a);
(x m ,y n 0) is the coordinate position of a certain transmissive array unit 400 in the transmissive array 4 in the three-dimensional coordinate system XYZ, and the transmissive array unit 400 is the transmissive array unit of the transmissive array 4 at the m-th row and n-th column positions;
in the above formula, φ 1 (x m ,y n ) Is the phase distribution caused by the propagation path difference from the first feed source 31 to the surface of the transmission array 4, and the phase distribution to be compensated for by the transmission array 4 is-phi 1 (x m ,y n )；
It should be noted that, in order to realize a high-gain beam with a beam direction perpendicular to the plane of the transmission array after the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first feed source 31 is adjusted by the transmission array 4, the phases of the aperture surfaces of the transmission array 4 must be made to be consistent, in this case, the phase distribution that the transmission array 4 needs to compensate is-phi 1 (x m ,y n )；
In the above equation, phi 2 (x m ,y n ) Is the phase distribution caused by the propagation path difference from the second feed source 32 to the surface of the transmission array 4, and the phase distribution to be compensated by the transmission array 4 is-phi at this time 2 (x m ,y n )；
It should be noted that, in order to adjust the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second feed source 32 through the transmission array 4 to realize a high-gain beam with a beam direction perpendicular to the plane of the transmission array 4, the phases of the aperture surfaces of the transmission array 4 must be consistent, in this case, the phase distribution to be compensated by the transmission array 4 is-phi 2 (x m ,y n )。
In the above formula, Δ φ (x) m ,y n ) The phase distribution is the superposition of the phase distribution caused by the propagation path difference from the first feed source 31 and the second feed source 32 to the surface of the transmission array 4, and at this time, the phase distribution to be compensated by the transmission array 4 is-delta phi (x) m ,y n )。
In the present invention, the transmissive array 4 shown in fig. 3 is designed based on the phase distribution shown in fig. 2. Different color blocks, different shades of color in fig. 2, represent different transmission phases. In fig. 3, the transmissive array 4, including 16 × 16 transmissive array elements 400, is a 16 × 16 array; the structure of each transmissive array unit 400 is shown in fig. 1b and 1 c. The size (i.e., the side length N) of the square first metal patch 402 in the 16 × 16 transmissive array units 400 is different.
It should be noted that, in order to make the two paths of electromagnetic waves radiated by the first feed source 31 and the second feed source 32 form a beam perpendicular to the plane of the transmission array 4 after being adjusted by the transmission array 4, the phases of the aperture surfaces of the transmission array 4 must be consistent, and in this case, the phase distribution to be compensated by the transmission array 4 is- Δ Φ (x ∑ x) m ,y n ). The compensation phase can adjust two paths of electromagnetic waves simultaneously.
Based on the technical scheme, the transmission array with interference phase distribution provided by the invention can realize that electromagnetic waves in different directions are emitted out of the plane of the transmission array vertically after passing through the transmission array.
It should be noted that different electromagnetic waves are superimposed, which mainly depends on the phase of the electromagnetic waves, and the higher the phase consistency is, the stronger the superimposition is. The two paths of electromagnetic waves in different directions have higher phase consistency after being adjusted by the transmission array, so that superposition can be well realized, and the superposed electromagnetic waves realize the spatial synthesis of the power of the two paths of electromagnetic waves, namely the invention can ensure that the electromagnetic waves in different directions can realize the spatial power synthesis.
It should be noted that, at present, the existing technology adjusts electromagnetic waves in a specific direction to achieve beam steering perpendicular to the array plane. According to the technical scheme, through interference superposition of two paths of electromagnetic wave phases, the transmission array 4 serving as an array can adjust electromagnetic waves from two directions, so that the two paths of electromagnetic waves are perpendicular to the plane of the array, the vertically emitted beams are high in gain and phase consistency, and can be superposed in space to realize space power synthesis.
In the present invention, in terms of specific implementation, it is determined that the specific structures of the first feed 31 and the second feed 32 adopted in the present invention are as shown in fig. 4 according to the phase distribution of the transmission array and the curve of the phase of the transmission array unit varying with frequency as shown in fig. 1d, and the structural designs of the first feed 31 and the second feed 32 are completely the same.
Referring to fig. 4, the first feed 31 and the second feed 32 are both patch antennas;
the patch antenna comprises a second dielectric substrate 311;
a rectangular third metal patch 312 is disposed (for example, by printing) at the center of the top surface of the second dielectric substrate 311, and the third metal patch 312 is used as a radiating metal sheet;
the middle part of the front end of the top surface of the second dielectric substrate 311 is provided with microstrip lines 313 (for example, by printing) which are distributed longitudinally;
the rear end of the microstrip line 313 is vertically connected to the middle position of the front side of the third metal patch 312;
the second dielectric substrate 311 is provided with a first circular air through hole 314 and a second circular air through hole 315 on the left and right sides of the microstrip line 313;
the first air through hole 314 and the second air through hole 315 are respectively used for connecting one SMA connector (two SMA connectors in total).
In specific implementation, the medium of the second dielectric substrate 311 is a Ruilon (dielectric constant is 2.2), and the thickness is 0.762mm;
the second dielectric substrate 311 is square as a whole, and the side length L is 14mm;
the third metal patch 312 is a radiation patch, and has a rectangular shape with a long side a =4.5mm and a wide side b =3.4mm;
the first air via 314 and the second air via 315 are circular holes with a radius of 1mm, and are respectively used for connecting an SMA adapter (the SMA adapter is a subminiature coaxial cable connector, and the name thereof is derived from a Sub-miniature a connector, and is generally used for transmitting radio frequency signals).
Note that the first feed 31 and the second feed 32 are patch antennas having a center frequency of 25 GHZ.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the two feed sources, namely the first feed source 31 and the second feed source 32, are respectively connected to the first power amplifier 21 and the second power amplifier 22 through two SMA adapters, and then are connected to the radio frequency signal source 1 through the first power amplifier 21 and the second power amplifier 22, a radio frequency signal emitted by the radio frequency signal source 1 is radiated into a space in the form of an electromagnetic wave through the two feed sources, and the electromagnetic wave in the space is adjusted by the transmission array 4 to implement beam forming, so as to form a high-gain beam.
In the present invention, a transmissive array antenna may be understood as a planar lens antenna. A lens antenna is an antenna capable of converting a spherical wave or a cylindrical wave of a point source or a line source into a plane wave by means of electromagnetic waves, thereby obtaining a pencil-shaped, fan-shaped, or other shaped beam.
In the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the feed patch antenna adopts microstrip line feed, and the center frequency of the antenna can be adjusted to about 25 GHz.
FIG. 6 is a simulation and test | S of a single feed (i.e. the first feed 31 or the second feed 32, both of which are the same) and a model of a transmission array 11 Fig. 6 illustrates that the simulation and test operating frequency bands of the feed source are both 23GHz to 27GHz, the resonant frequency is about 25GHz, the simulation and test results (i.e. distribution curves) are relatively consistent, and the operating frequency bands of the feed source are relatively stable.
Fig. 7a is a simulation and test E-plane directional diagram of the first feed 31 and the transmission array composition model at 25 GHz. After the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first feed source 31 is adjusted by the transmission array 4, the simulation and test results respectively realize the high gains of 18.4dBi and 17.5dBi, which indicates that the transmission array 4 has the function of beam forming. And the beam direction of the E-plane directional diagram is 0 degrees, which indicates that the beam direction is vertical to the plane of the transmission array, and the transmission array has the function of adjusting the beam direction.
FIG. 7b is a simulation and test E-plane directional diagram of the second feed 32 and the transmission array forming model at 25 GHz. After the electromagnetic waves radiated by the second feed source 32 are adjusted by the transmission array 4, the simulation and test results respectively realize the high gains of 18.4dBi and 17.5dBi, which indicates that the transmission array 4 has the function of beam forming. And the beam direction of the E-plane directional diagram is 0 degrees, which indicates that the beam direction is vertical to the plane of the transmission array, and the transmission array has the function of adjusting the beam direction.
In summary, in the invention, the transmission array 4 of the invention can adjust two paths of electromagnetic waves in different directions to be perpendicular to the plane of the transmission array. The existing technology adjusts electromagnetic waves in a specific direction to realize that the beam steering is vertical to the array plane.
Fig. 8 is a simulation and test E-plane pattern at 25GHz, which is a model formed by the transmission array and the two feeds, namely the first feed 31 and the second feed 32. It can be seen that the difference between the simulation and the test is within the allowable error range. As can be seen from fig. 8: after the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first feed source 31 and the second feed source 32 are adjusted by the transmission array, the simulation and test results respectively realize high gains of 21.4dBi and 20.2dBi, the gains are higher than those of a model formed by a single feed source and the transmission array by about 3dBi, and the beam direction of an E-plane directional diagram is 0 degree. The two paths of electromagnetic waves adjusted by the transmission array can realize power synthesis in space, and the gain after synthesis is higher than that of a single beam by about 3 dBi.
Compared with the prior art, the interference phase transmission array for spatial power synthesis provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
as shown in fig. 1a, after electromagnetic waves radiated by two feed sources pass through a transmission array, beam steering and beam forming are realized, the gain at 25GHz is increased to 18.4dBi from 7.3dBi, power synthesis of transmission beams is completed in space, and the gain after synthesis is 21.4dBi.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the interferometric phase transmission array for spatial power synthesis provided by the invention has a scientific design, can realize that electromagnetic waves in different directions are emitted out perpendicular to the plane of the transmission array after passing through the transmission array, realizes power synthesis in space, can improve Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP), and simultaneously solves the problems of loss and cost in the conventional power synthesis technology, thereby having great practical significance.
The invention relates to an interference phase transmission array antenna which is used for space power synthesis and used for improving Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of a millimeter wave transmitter.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An interference phase transmission array for space power synthesis is characterized by comprising a radio frequency signal source (1), a first power amplifier (21), a second power amplifier (22), a first feed source (31), a second feed source (32) and a transmission array (4);
the radio frequency signal source (1) is used for generating a first path of radio frequency signal and a second path of radio frequency signal and respectively sending the first path of radio frequency signal and the second path of radio frequency signal to the first power amplifier (21) and the second power amplifier (22);
the first power amplifier (21) is connected with the radio frequency signal source (1) and used for receiving a first path of radio frequency signals sent by the radio frequency signal source (1), and outputting the first path of radio frequency signals to the first feed source (31) after power amplification;
the first feed source (31) is connected with the first power amplifier (21) and is used for receiving a first path of radio frequency signals which are sent by the first power amplifier (21) and subjected to power amplification, and then radiating the first path of radio frequency signals to the transmission array (4) in the form of first path of electromagnetic waves;
the second power amplifier (22) is connected with the radio frequency signal source (1) and is used for receiving a second path of radio frequency signals sent by the radio frequency signal source (1), amplifying the power and outputting the second path of radio frequency signals to the second feed source (321);
the second feed source (32) is connected with the second power amplifier (22) and is used for receiving a second path of radio frequency signals which are sent by the second power amplifier (22) and subjected to power amplification, and then radiating the second path of radio frequency signals to the transmission array (4) in the form of a second path of electromagnetic waves;
the first feed source (31) and the second feed source (32) are symmetrically distributed left and right or front and back;
and the transmission array (4) is used for receiving a first path of electromagnetic waves transmitted by the first feed source (31) and a second path of electromagnetic waves transmitted by the second feed source (32), converting the first path of electromagnetic waves and the second path of electromagnetic waves into a first beam and a second beam respectively, and synthesizing the first path of electromagnetic waves and the second path of electromagnetic waves to obtain a synthesized beam.
2. Interferometric phase-transmitting array for spatial power synthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the line between the central point of the first feed (31) and the central point of the transmitting array (4) has an angle α with the vertical longitudinal plane of the transmitting array (4);
the central point of the transmission array (4) is positioned in a longitudinal vertical plane of the transmission array (4);
a connecting line between the central point of the second feed source (32) and the central point of the transmission array (4) also forms an included angle alpha with the longitudinal vertical plane of the transmission array (4);
the included angle alpha is less than 40 deg.
3. Interferometric phase-transmitting array for spatial power synthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the first feed (31) and the second feed (32) are both patch antennas;
the patch antenna comprises a second dielectric substrate (311);
a rectangular third metal patch (312) is arranged at the center of the top surface of the second dielectric substrate (311), and the third metal patch (312) is used as a radiating metal sheet;
the middle part of the front end of the top surface of the second dielectric substrate (311) is provided with microstrip lines (313) which are distributed longitudinally;
the rear end of the microstrip line (313) is vertically connected with the middle position of the front side of the third metal patch (312);
the second dielectric substrate (311) is provided with a first circular air through hole (314) and a second circular air through hole (315) on the left side and the right side of the microstrip line (313) respectively;
and the first air through hole (314) and the second air through hole (315) are respectively used for connecting an SMA joint.
4. Interferometric phase-transmissive array for spatial power combining according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmissive array (4), comprising m x n transmissive array elements 400, is an m x n array;
m and n are both natural numbers greater than 1.
5. The interferometric phase transmission array for spatial power combining according to claim 4, characterized in that each transmission array unit (400) comprises five layers of first dielectric substrates (401) stacked one on top of the other;
a square first metal patch (402) is arranged at the center of the top surface of the uppermost first dielectric substrate (401);
the periphery of the top surface of the first dielectric substrate (401) positioned on the uppermost layer is provided with a second metal patch (403) in a surrounding mode;
a square first metal patch (402) is arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the first dielectric substrate (401) at the lowest layer;
and second metal patches (403) are arranged around the periphery of the bottom surface of the first dielectric substrate (401) at the lowest layer in a surrounding manner.
6. Interferometric phase-transmitting array for spatial power synthesis according to claim 5, characterized in that the second metal patch (403) is shaped as a "meander".
7. Interferometric phase transmission array for spatial power synthesis according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the phase distribution compensation condition that the transmission array (4) needs to satisfy is: the phase distribution of the transmission array (4) needing compensation is-delta phi (x) m ,y n )；
The compensation phase of the transmission array (4) is calculated as follows:
Δφ(x m ,y n )＝arg(A 1 (x m ,y n )exp(jφ 1 )+A 2 (x m ,y n )exp(jφ 2 ) Equation (3);
in the formula (3), (x) m ,y n ) The transmission array unit positioned at the m-th row and the n-th column in the transmission array is shown;
arg, complex argument, refers to the argument principal of the complex number;
exp, exponential function with e as base;
A 1 (x m ,y n ) Representing an electric field amplitude of an electromagnetic wave radiated by a first feed source to each transmissive array element of the transmissive array;
A 2 (x m ,y n ) Representing an electric field amplitude of an electromagnetic wave radiated by the second feed source to each transmissive array element of the transmissive array;
in the above formula, Δ φ (x) m ,y n ) The phase distribution is superposed due to the propagation path difference from the first feed source (31) and the second feed source (32) to the surface of the transmission array (4), and the phase distribution required to be compensated by the transmission array (4) is-delta phi (x) m ,y n )；
The three-dimensional coordinate system XYZ is established by taking the central point of the transmission array (4) as an origin O, wherein the Z axis is vertical to the plane of the transmission array (4); the Y axis is horizontal to the right, the X axis is horizontal to the front, i.e. the Y axis is a horizontal axis, the X axis is a vertical axis, and the z axis is a vertical axis.
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