CN112952326A - Spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter of 3D printing X-waveband CT structure and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter of 3D printing X-waveband CT structure and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
- H01P1/208—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
- H01P11/007—Manufacturing frequency-selective devices
Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D printing X-band CT structure spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter and a manufacturing method thereof. The three resonant cavities are magnetically coupled, two paths can be formed from a signal inlet S to a signal outlet L, cross coupling exists between the resonant cavity 1 and the resonant cavity 3, 1 transmission zero point can be generated in a high-impedance band, and a device object is prepared by CST software simulation according to the integral structure of the CT structure spherical cavity filter and the 3D printing technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of filter design and 3D printing, in particular to a design scheme of a spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter with a CT topological structure.
Background
In order to meet the design requirements of modern devices, it is important that the filter has excellent performance characteristics such as high selectivity, low insertion loss, out-of-band rejection, and good quality factor while achieving physical size miniaturization.
Currently, in order to achieve higher selectivity in performance, conventional non-cross-coupled filters (such as max-flat filters, chebyshev filters, etc.) can only sacrifice physical size, and rely on increasing the number of filter resonators (i.e. increasing the order of the filter). Therefore, the design principle of miniaturization of the modern microwave device is difficult to meet, the preparation cost and the later debugging time are increased, and the design difficulty is brought to the performances of low insertion loss, high selectivity, high no-load quality factor and the like. Compared with the general Chebyshev filter, the order number of the filter can be reduced, and the performance requirements of high selectivity, low insertion loss and the like can be realized under the limited order.
The band-pass filter with the working frequency of X wave band (8-12Hz) has important military and civil application value, and has the following advantages and characteristics in terms of coupling form, structural form and manufacturing process:
in terms of a coupling form, the invention is a CT (Cascaded triple) topological structure filter based on the generalized Chebyshev principle, adopts a cross-coupling mode, can realize the performances of high selectivity, low insertion loss, high out-of-band rejection and the like under a limited order, and has the advantages of convenient geometric arrangement, flexible transmission zero setting, convenient debugging, batch production, quick design and the like;
in terms of structural form, the spherical cavity adopted by the X-band CT structural filter has certain advantages, and the no-load quality factor of the filter is obviously higher than that of a rectangular cavity and a cylindrical cavity, so that the filter designed based on the resonant cavity can obtain very low pass-band insertion loss;
from the aspect of manufacturing process, the spherical cavity filter with the X-waveband CT structure is manufactured by adopting a 3D printing technology, and has the advantage of integrated manufacturing, namely: the flange plate, the input and output waveguide and the filter are integrally manufactured, and later-stage assembling, debugging and other links are omitted. Greatly reduces the production period and the production cost in engineering. Meanwhile, electroplating solution can better enter the resonant cavity by a mode of forming a narrow slit along the current direction of the main mode TM101 of the resonant cavity, so that the electroplating effect of the filter is better. Since these gaps do not cut off the TM101 mode current. There is no impact on the passband performance of the filter.
In conclusion, the X-band CT structure spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter based on the 3D printing technology can improve performance parameters of a miniaturized device, is economical and controllable in time cost after 3D printing, and meets the requirements of high performance, low cost and miniaturization of the device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an X-band CT structure spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter based on 3D printing, which comprises three spherical resonant cavities, an input feed waveguide, an output feed waveguide and a flange plate, wherein the three resonant cavities are magnetically coupled, two paths can be formed from a signal inlet S to a signal outlet L, namely, the signal inlet S-1 spherical resonant cavity-3 spherical resonant cavity-the signal outlet L and the signal inlet S-1 spherical resonant cavity-2 spherical resonant cavity-3 spherical resonant cavity-the signal outlet L, cross coupling exists between the resonant cavity 1 and the resonant cavity 3 to generate 1 transmission zero point in a high-resistance band, the three spherical resonant cavities are arranged in a triangle shape, the spherical resonant cavity 1 is positioned below the left side of the triangle, the spherical resonant cavity 2 is positioned at the top end of the triangle, the No. 3 spherical resonant cavity is positioned at the right lower part of the triangle, the proportionality coefficient s from the large waveguide cavity to the small waveguide cavity is 0.755, and the radiuses r of the three spherical cavities1=r3=13.38mm,r213.26mm, coupling diaphragm diameter l between adjacent spherical cavities1=l2=13mm,l3=13.8mm。
Preferably, the X-band CT structure band-pass filter has three slots with the same input and output directions in the cross-sectional structure, the three slots are filled with graphene structures, and the metal coatings on the two sides of the slots extend and press the edges of the graphene structures to control the state of the graphene by applying voltage.
Preferably, X wave band CT structure band-pass filter section structure divide into five layers of structures, wherein outermost layer structure is metal coating, and intermediate level structure is insulating and light combined material, and the intermediate level structure inboard is the copper metal material layer that 3D printed, and the copper metal material layer is inside to be the gold material structural layer, and the innermost is relative dielectric constant epsilon 0 air cavity structure.
Preferably, the CT structure spherical cavity filter is based on SLA-3D printing technology.
Preferably, in the 3D printing technology, the spherical cavity is provided with a slit, so that the plating inside the device is more uniform, and the slit does not cut the surface current of the master mold TM 101.
Based on a 3D printing X-waveband CT structure spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter, a manufacturing method is further designed: firstly, setting a filter performance index, wherein the center frequency is 9GHz, the relative bandwidth is 5%, the return loss is better than 30dB, and the transmission zero point is 9.6 GHz; secondly, calculating the coupling coefficient, the external quality factor and the specific physical size of the filter according to the indexes by a coupling matrix theory, and aligning the coupling coefficient M between adjacent resonant cavities of the spherical resonant cavity filterijAnd an external quality factor QeParameter extraction is carried out, i, j is 1,2, 3.
Preferably, the related 3D printing technology is an SLA technology, the processing model is converted into an STL file, the STL file is input to a 3D printing machine, a proper processing direction and a support structure are selected for printing, and a finished product is obtained, wherein the processing precision of the processing technology is 0.01 mm.
Preferably, the molded device is placed into an acetone solution and then dried, so that residual resin on the surface is removed, and the surface roughness is reduced; according to the skin effect principle, the surface of the device is plated with metal to obtain electrical characteristics; the thickness was 7 times the skin depth.
The coupling phase characteristic of the CT structure bandpass filter of the present invention is shown in fig. 2, where the impedance of the resonant cavity is capacitive at low impedance band, and the corresponding phase shift is +90 °. At high stop band, the impedance of the resonant cavity is inductive, and the corresponding phase shift is-90 degrees; since the coupling characteristics between the three resonators are inductive, the phase shift is-90 °, at the low stop band, the phase sum of the coupling paths 1-2-3 is +90 ° -90 ° -90 ° -90 ° -90 ° -the phase difference between the two paths is 0 °, so the signals of the two paths cannot cancel each other out, so that no transmission zero exists in the low stop band, at the high stop band, the phase sum of the coupling paths 1-2-3 is-90 ° -90 ° -90 ° -90 ° -90 ° -450 ° -the phase sum of the coupling paths 1-3 is-90 ° -90 ° -90 ° -270 °, the phase difference between them is 180 ° -when the signal amplitudes between the two paths are equal, a transmission zero can be generated in the high impedance band.
The filter works in an X wave band, and performance indexes of the filter comprise center frequency, relative bandwidth, return loss, transmission zero position and the like.
The spherical resonant cavity filter in the scheme has a coupling coefficient of M12、M23And M13. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a model for extracting a coupling coefficient between two adjacent spherical cavities. The input and output couplings are weak couplings, and the adjustment of the coupling between adjacent spherical cavities can be realized by changing the diameter l of the cylindrical coupling diaphragm between the adjacent spherical cavities;
the spherical resonant cavity filter in the scheme has an external quality factor of QeFig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a model for extracting the external quality factor Qe. Wherein the coupling between the waveguide and the spherical cavity is weak, and the external quality factor Q is controlled by adjusting the coupling between the waveguide and the spherical cavityeThe size of (2). The coupling is represented by rectangular coupling windows of a.s width and b.s height. Where a and b denote the width and height, respectively, of a standard rectangular waveguide and s denotes the proportionality coefficient;
the cross-sectional view of the spherical cavity filter with CT structure is shown in FIG. 5, which comprises the physical structure parameters of a proportionality coefficient s and the radius r of three spherical cavities1、r2And r3Diameter l of coupling diaphragm between spherical cavities1、l2And l3Etc. due to the symmetry, the radius of the spherical cavity satisfies the condition r1=r3The diameter of the coupling diaphragm between the adjacent spherical cavities satisfies l1=l2。
The 3D printing technology related by the invention is an SLA technology, and after the processing model is converted into an STL file, the STL file is input into a 3D printing machine, and a proper processing direction and a support structure are selected for printing to obtain a finished product, as shown in figure 6.
The cross-sectional structure of the band-pass filter with the X-waveband CT structure is shown in figure 12, the structure of the band-pass filter is divided into five layers, wherein the outermost layer structure is a metal coating, the middle layer structure is an insulating and light composite material, the inner side of the middle structure is a thicker copper metal material layer, the copper metal material layer is internally provided with a gold material structure layer, and the innermost part is an air cavity structure with the relative dielectric constant epsilon equal to 0.
The slotting of the X-band CT structure band pass filter of the present invention also has a second design direction, and at this time, the X-band CT structure band pass filter of the present invention can be controlled by a voltage to generate two different working states, as shown in fig. 13 to 15. The X-waveband CT structure band-pass filter has three grooves with the same input and output directions, the three grooves are filled with graphene structures, and metal coatings on two sides of each groove extend and press the edges of the graphene structures to control the state of the graphene by applying voltage.
Drawings
Figure 1 shows a coupling topology of a band pass filter of the CT structure;
figure 2 phase characteristics of a coupling topology of a CT structure band pass filter;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a mode for extracting a coupling coefficient between adjacent spherical resonators;
FIG. 4 is a model diagram of extracting an external figure of merit;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter of the CT structure;
FIG. 6 is a 3D printed object diagram of the CT structure spherical cavity filter;
coupling coefficient M extracted in FIG. 7ijAnd the variation of the radius r of the spherical cavity with the coupling diameter l;
FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the extracted external quality factor Qe and the radius r of the spherical cavity as a function of the scaling factor s;
the final structure of the CT filter of the embodiment of fig. 9;
FIG. 10 simulation response results for CT structure filters;
FIG. 11 is a graph of test results for a CT structure filter;
fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a spherical cavity.
FIG. 13 is a three-dimensional structure of a spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter of an X-band CT structure;
FIG. 14 is a side view of a spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter of an X-band CT structure;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter of an X-band CT structure;
Detailed Description
In the first embodiment, the center frequency of the filter involved in the invention is 9GHz, the relative bandwidth is 5%, the return loss is better than 30dB, and the transmission zero point is located at 9.6 GHz. From the above indices, the coupling coefficient (M) of the filter can be determined by the coupling matrix theory12=M23=0.0637,M130.0425) and external quality factor (Q)e10.69) and specific physical dimensions.
Coupling coefficient M between adjacent resonators of the spherical resonator filter according to the calculated coupling coefficient and external quality factorij(i, j ═ 1,2,3) and an external quality factor QeAnd (5) extracting parameters. FIG. 7 shows the extracted coupling coefficient MijThe overall structure of the spherical cavity filter with the CT structure is shown in FIG. 5, and the overall structure comprises physical structure parameters including a proportionality coefficient s of 0.755, and the radius r of three spherical cavities1=r3=13.38mm,r213.26mm, coupling diaphragm diameter l between adjacent spherical cavities1=l2=13mm,l3=13.8mm
The 3D printing technology related by the invention is an SLA technology, a processing model is converted into an STL file, the STL file is input into a 3D printing machine, and a proper processing direction and a support structure are selected for printing to obtain a finished product, wherein the processing precision of the processing technology is 0.01 mm.
The surface metallization process adopted by the invention is chemical plating, and in order to reduce the error of the processing process as much as possible, the surface metallization process is carried out on the spherical cavityThe slots are used to make the plating inside the device more uniform. The main mode TM of the gap and the spherical cavity101Has parallel surface currents, so that it does not cut TM101The final filter structure is shown in fig. 9, where the slot width is 1 mm.
In another embodiment, the cross-sectional structure of the band-pass filter with the X-band CT structure according to the present invention is shown in fig. 12, and the structure of the band-pass filter is divided into five layers, wherein the outermost layer is a metal coating, the intermediate layer is an insulating and light composite material, the inner side of the intermediate structure is a thick copper metal material layer, the copper metal material layer is internally provided with a gold material structure layer, and the innermost layer is an air cavity structure with a relative dielectric constant ∈ 0. The intermediate layer structure is an insulating and light composite material, so that the weight of the whole structure is reduced while the structural strength is ensured, the copper metal material layer and the gold material structure layer on the inner side of the intermediate structure are used for conducting electromagnetic waves, but due to the skin effect, the electromagnetic wave loss can be better reduced by using gold materials with higher conductivity on the inner surface layer, the metal area is increased by using the copper metal material, the transmission of the electromagnetic waves is more facilitated, and the manufacturing cost of the whole device is reduced while the effect is ensured by using the multilayer metal.
In another embodiment, the notch of the X-band CT structure band-pass filter of the present invention has a second design direction, and at this time, the X-band CT structure band-pass filter of the present invention can be controlled by voltage to generate two different working states, as shown in fig. 13 to 15. The X-waveband CT structure band-pass filter has three grooves with the same input and output directions, the three grooves are filled with graphene structures, and metal coatings on two sides of each groove extend and press the edges of the graphene structures to control the state of the graphene by applying voltage. The states of the graphene are controlled by loading voltage to be different states, when the loading voltage is larger than a threshold value, the graphene is in a metal state, the three slots of the X-waveband CT structure band-pass filter are filled with metal, when the voltage loaded on the graphene is smaller than the threshold value, the graphene is in a medium state, at the moment, the spherical cavity has three slots with the same input and output directions, and transmission of electromagnetic waves is changed. Therefore, the transmission state of the X-band CT structure band-pass filter can be changed due to different states of the graphene, and the transmission of electromagnetic waves in the X-band CT structure band-pass filter can be controlled by controlling the change of the states of the graphene.
The data index of the result of the software simulation according to the first embodiment is shown in (1), and the graph result is shown in fig. 10.
The processing technology used in the patent is an SLA technology. And after converting the processing model into the STL file, inputting the STL file into a 3D printing machine, and selecting a proper processing direction and a proper supporting structure for printing to obtain a finished product. The printing accuracy here is 0.1 mm. And then, putting the molded device into an acetone solution and drying the device, thereby removing residual resin on the surface and reducing the surface roughness. Electrical properties can be obtained by metallizing the surface of the device according to the skin effect principle. The thickness is about 7 times the skin depth. The final device is shown in figure 6.
As shown in FIG. 11, the vector network analyzer used in the test is Agilent E8363B, and it can be seen from the test results that the center frequency is 9.1GHz, the pass band is between 8.82GHz and 9.35GHz (relative bandwidth is 5.8%), the return loss is better than 20dB, the average insertion loss is less than 0.3dB, and the transmission zero point is at 9.6 GHz. Compared with the simulation results, it can be seen that the pass band is shifted up by 0.1 GHz. The test performance of the physical device is excellent overall. The main reasons for the passband shift are errors due to printing and errors in the thickness of the metallization layer that make the cavity smaller.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.
Claims (8)
1. 3D prints X ripplesSpherical chamber waveguide band-pass filter of section CT structure, its characterized in that: the three spherical resonant cavities are magnetically coupled, two paths are formed from a signal inlet S to a signal outlet L, namely a signal inlet S-1 spherical resonant cavity-3 spherical resonant cavity-signal outlet L and a signal inlet S-1 spherical resonant cavity-2 spherical resonant cavity-3 spherical resonant cavity-signal outlet L, cross coupling exists between the resonant cavity 1 and the resonant cavity 3 to generate 1 transmission zero point in a high-resistance band, the three spherical resonant cavities are arranged in a triangle shape, the spherical resonant cavity 1 is positioned at the left lower part of the triangle, the spherical resonant cavity 2 is positioned at the top end of the triangle, the spherical resonant cavity 3 is positioned at the right lower part of the triangle, and a proportionality coefficient S from a large waveguide cavity to a small waveguide cavity is 0.755, radius r of three spherical cavities1=r3=13.38mm,r213.26mm, coupling diaphragm diameter l between adjacent spherical cavities1=l2=13mm,l3=13.8mm。
2. The 3D printing X-band CT structure spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the X-band CT structure band-pass filter has three slots with the same input and output directions, the three slots are filled with graphene structures, and the metal coatings on two sides of the slots extend and press to the edges of the graphene structures for controlling the state of the graphene by applying voltage.
3. The 3D printing X-band CT structure spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter as claimed in claim 2, wherein the X-band CT structure band-pass filter profile structure is divided into five layers, wherein the outermost layer structure is a metal coating, the middle layer structure is an insulating and light composite material, the inner side of the middle structure is a 3D printing copper metal material layer, the inside of the copper metal material layer is a gold material structure layer, and the innermost part is an air cavity structure with a relative dielectric constant epsilon ═ 0.
4. The 3D printing X-band CT structure spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the CT structure spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter is based on SLA-3D printing technology.
5. The 3D printing X-band CT structure spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the 3D printing technology, the spherical cavity is provided with slits, so that the coating inside the device is more uniform, and the slits do not cut the surface current of the master mold TM 101.
6. The manufacturing method of the spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter with the 3D printing X-band CT structure according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of firstly, setting the performance index of the filter, wherein the center frequency is 9GHz, the relative bandwidth is 5%, the return loss is better than 30dB, and the transmission zero point is 9.6 GHz; secondly, calculating the coupling coefficient, the external quality factor and the specific physical size of the filter according to the indexes by a coupling matrix theory, and aligning the coupling coefficient M between adjacent resonant cavities of the spherical resonant cavity filterijAnd an external quality factor QeParameter extraction is carried out, i, j is 1,2, 3.
7. The manufacturing method of the 3D printing X-band CT structure spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter as claimed in claim 6, wherein the related 3D printing technology is SLA technology, the processing model is converted into an STL file, the STL file is input into a 3D printing machine, a proper processing direction and a support structure are selected for printing, a finished product is obtained, and the processing precision of the processing technology is 0.01 mm.
8. The manufacturing method of the 3D printing X-band CT structure spherical cavity waveguide band-pass filter according to claim 7, characterized in that the formed device is placed in acetone solution and then dried, so that residual resin on the surface is removed, and the surface roughness is reduced; according to the skin effect principle, the surface of the device is plated with metal to obtain electrical characteristics; the thickness was 7 times the skin depth.
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