CN112951940B - 一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构及制备方法。所述的一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构包括依次层叠设置的InPOI衬底、含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层、InGaAs吸收层及含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层,所述InPOI衬底为从InP衬底上剥离下来后,转移至CMOS兼容的SOI衬底上的InP单晶薄膜,所述含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层以及所述含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层的材料均为含铝砷化物,所述InGaAs吸收层的材料为InGaAs。本发明可以实现在与CMOS工艺兼容的SOI衬底上制备InP基InGaAs短波红外探测器,适合于低成本、大规模红外焦平面阵列制备,具有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体光电子材料及器件技术领域,特别涉及一种基于InPOI(InP oninsulator,绝缘体上磷化铟)衬底的InGaAs(铟砷化镓)探测器结构及制备方法。
背景技术
与InP(磷化铟)衬底晶格匹配的InxGa1-xAs材料为全组分直接带隙材料,通过调节In组分x,可覆盖0.8~3.5μm波段。由于InGaAs材料制成的探测器具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、抗辐照特性良好、室温工作等优点,因而InGaAs短波红外探测器在军民领域都有广泛的应用。如波长1.7μm的In0.53Ga0.47As光电探测器在光通信领域获得了普遍应用。而截止波长大于1.7μm的InxGa1-xAs探测器在遥感领域有着更广泛的用途,能反应更多的信息。比如,2.1μm(x=0.7)附近的探测在冰云检测和矿产资源探测方面均有重要价值,所以在气象、环境、资源等航天遥感领域具有重要的应用。但是,In组分的增加会造成InGaAs材料与InP衬底之间晶格失配,从而在材料中引入位错,造成材料和器件性能退化。研究人员通过在InP衬底和InGaAs吸收层之间插入组分渐变缓冲层的方式,降低材料失配度,减少InGaAs吸收层中的位错密度,从而避免了高In组分InGaAs探测器性能的退化。目前,航天遥感InGaAs探测器的发展趋势之一是制备更大规模、更多像元的焦平面阵列。
与InP衬底相比,Si(硅)衬底具有更大的尺寸和更优的质量,采用Si衬底研制InGaAs探测器可以制备更大规模焦平面,同时更易与读出电路耦合。然而,采用Si替代衬底时,InGaAs与衬底间的晶格失配度远大于InP衬底,Si上III-V族材料外延还具有大热失配和反相畴问题,从而容易在材料中引入位错,造成材料和器件性能变差。目前采用较多的是采用带斜切角的Si衬底来替代Si(001)衬底,但这给器件制备增加了很大难度,所以在Si衬底上开展InGaAs探测器外延具有很大的挑战。
所以,迫切需要发展Si(001)衬底上制备无反相畴高性能InGaAs探测器的方法,以发展大规模。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构及制备方法,该方法采用成熟的智能剥离技术从InP商用衬底上转移至CMOS(互补式金属氧化物半导体,Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)兼容的SOI(Silicon-on-insulator,绝缘体上硅)衬底上、厚度为200~1000nm的InP单晶薄膜作为衬底,即所谓的InPOI衬底,而后通过分子束外延等技术生长含铝砷化物材料作为阻挡层和下接触层,InGaAs作为吸收层,并采用含铝砷化物材料作为窗口层和上接触层。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供的一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构,包括依次层叠设置的InPOI衬底、含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层、InGaAs吸收层及含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层,所述InPOI衬底为从InP衬底上剥离下来后,转移至CMOS兼容的SOI衬底上的InP单晶薄膜,所述含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层以及所述含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层的材料均为含铝砷化物,所述InGaAs吸收层的材料为InGaAs。
优选地,所述InPOI衬底厚度范围为200~1000nm。
优选地,所述的InPOI衬底具体为:通过智能剥离与衬底转移技术,从InP商用衬底上剥离并转移至CMOS兼容的SOI衬底上,经过包括真空键合、抛光工艺处理获得的InP单晶薄膜。
优选地,所述的InPOI衬底包含半绝缘或导电InP衬底。
优选地,所述的InGaAs吸收层中In组分大于或等于0.53,即InxGa1-xAs(0.53≤x<1)。
优选地,所述含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层的材料为In组分渐变的InAlAs(铟铝砷)三元或InAlGaAs(铟铝镓砷)四元化合物材料,或为与所述InGaAs吸收层晶格匹配的InAlAs三元或InAlGaAs四元化合物材料。
优选地,所述含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层的材料为与所述InGaAs吸收层晶格匹配的InAlAs三元或InAlGaAs四元化合物材料。
本发明提供的一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤S1、制备InPOI衬底:将InP衬底转移至CMOS兼容的SOI衬底上,经过真空键合、抛光工艺处理后,获取InP单晶薄膜;
步骤S2、经高温脱氧处理后,在InPOI衬底上生长制备InP缓冲层和含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层;
步骤S3、在含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层上生长制备InGaAs吸收层;
步骤S4、在InGaAs吸收层上生长制备含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层。
优选地,所述步骤S2具体包括如下步骤:
步骤S21、将InPOI衬底传入分子束外延生长室,经高温脱氧处理后,生长200nm的高掺杂n型InP作为缓冲层,电子浓度为2×1018cm-3;
步骤S22、基于步骤S21的缓冲层再生长厚度为100nm的In含量为52%的高掺杂n型In0.52Al0.48As缓冲层,电子浓度为2×1018cm-3;
步骤S23、基于步骤S22的缓冲层再生长厚度为1.9μm的In含量由52%渐变至80%的高掺杂n型InxAl1-xAs缓冲层,电子浓度为2×1018cm-3,步骤S23中生长的缓冲层用于释放应变,可同时作为阻挡层和下接触层,形成所述含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层。
优选地,所述步骤S3具体为:生长厚度为2μm、电子浓度为3×1016cm-3的低掺杂n型In0.8Ga0.2As吸收层;
所述步骤S4具体为:生长厚度为0.53μm、空穴浓度为7×1018cm-3的高掺杂p型In0.8Al0.2As上接触层,同时作为窗口层,该高掺杂p型In0.8Al0.2As上接触层即为所述含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层。
本发明能够取得下列有益效果:
本发明采用InPOI衬底,制备InGaAs光电探测器时,有了与CMOS兼容且工艺成熟的SOI衬底作为媒介,为后期发展硅基光电集成技术奠定了基础;而且,SOI衬底制备工艺成熟,尺寸更大,这就为开展大规模红外焦平面阵列提供了保障;更为重要的是,制备方法还可用于SOI衬底上制备其他III-V族材料与器件,具有很好的通用性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构的结构示意图;
图2为本发明的一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构的一较佳实施例,一种InPOI衬底上截止波长2.4μm的InGaAs探测器结构的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
本发明针对现有的问题,提供了一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构及制备方法,如图1所示,本发明的一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构包括从下至上依次层叠设置的InPOI衬底、含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层、InGaAs吸收层及含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层,所述InPOI衬底为从InP衬底上剥离下来后,转移至CMOS兼容的SOI衬底上的InP单晶薄膜,所述含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层以及所述含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层的材料均为含铝砷化物,所述InGaAs吸收层的材料为InGaAs。需要说明的是,含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层其实仅有一层,只是既可作为阻挡层,也可作为下接触层,具备有这两种功能;含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层其实也仅只有一层,只是既可作为窗口层,也可作为上接触层,同时具备有这两种功能。
所述InPOI衬底厚度范围为200~1000nm。
所述的InPOI衬底具体为:通过剥离与衬底转移技术,或智能剥离与衬底转移技术,从InP商用衬底上剥离并转移至CMOS兼容的SOI衬底上,经过包括真空键合、抛光工艺处理获得的InP单晶薄膜。
所述的InPOI衬底包含半绝缘或导电InP衬底。
所述的InGaAs吸收层中In组分大于或等于0.53,即InxGa1-xAs(0.53≤x<1)。
所述含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层的材料为In组分渐变的InAlAs三元或InAlGaAs四元化合物材料,或为与所述InGaAs吸收层晶格匹配的InAlAs三元或InAlGaAs四元化合物材料。
所述含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层的材料为与所述InGaAs吸收层晶格匹配的InAlAs三元或InAlGaAs四元化合物材料。
本发明提供的一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤S1、制备InPOI衬底:将InP衬底转移至CMOS兼容的SOI衬底上,经过真空键合、抛光工艺处理后,获取InP单晶薄膜;
步骤S2、经高温脱氧处理后,在InPOI衬底上生长制备InP缓冲层和含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层;
步骤S3、在含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层上生长制备InGaAs吸收层;
步骤S4、在InGaAs吸收层上生长制备含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中,即一种InPOI衬底上截止波长2.4μm的InGaAs探测器结构,如图2所示,包括依次层叠设置的半绝缘InPOI衬底、n型掺杂InP缓冲层、n型掺杂In0.52Al0.48As缓冲层、n型掺杂InxAl1-xAs缓冲层和下接触层、n型掺杂In0.8Ga0.2As吸收层,以及p型掺杂In0.8Al0.2As窗口层和上接触层。
厚度方面,所述n型掺杂InP缓冲层厚度约为200nm;所述n型掺杂In0.52Al0.48As缓冲层厚度约为100nm;所述n型掺杂InxAl1-xAs缓冲层和下接触层厚度约为1.9μm;所述n型掺杂In0.8Ga0.2As吸收层厚度约为2μm;所述p型掺杂In0.8Al0.2As窗口层和上接触层厚度约为0.53μm。
图1及图2中,底色的灰度是代表半导体材料的禁带宽度,禁带宽度越宽,则颜色越透明。
一种InPOI衬底上截止波长2.4μm的InGaAs探测器结构的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤S1、制备半绝缘InPOI(100);
步骤S2、制备含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层;具体包括如下步骤:
步骤S21、将InPOI衬底传入分子束外延生长室,经高温脱氧处理后,生长200nm的高掺杂n型InP作为缓冲层,电子浓度为2×1018cm-3;
步骤S22、基于步骤S21的缓冲层再生长厚度为100nm的In含量为52%的高掺杂n型In0.52Al0.48As缓冲层,电子浓度为2×1018cm-3;
步骤S23、基于步骤S22的缓冲层再生长厚度为1.9μm的In含量由52%渐变至80%的高掺杂n型InxAl1-xAs缓冲层,电子浓度为2×1018cm-3,步骤S23中生长的缓冲层用于释放应变,可同时作为阻挡层和下接触层,形成所述含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层。
步骤S3、制备InGaAs吸收层;具体为:生长厚度为2μm、电子浓度为3×1016cm-3的低掺杂n型In0.8Ga0.2As吸收层;
步骤S4、制备含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层;具体为:生长厚度为0.53μm、空穴浓度为7×1018cm-3的高掺杂p型In0.8Al0.2As上接触层,同时作为窗口层,该高掺杂p型In0.8Al0.2As上接触层即为所述含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层。
本发明能够取得下列有益效果:
本发明采用InPOI衬底,制备InGaAs光电探测器时,有了与CMOS兼容且工艺成熟的SOI衬底作为媒介,为后期发展硅基光电集成技术奠定了基础;而且,SOI衬底制备工艺成熟,尺寸更大,这就为开展大规模红外焦平面阵列提供了保障;更为重要的是,制备方法还可用于SOI衬底上制备其他III-V族材料与器件,具有很好的通用性。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构,其特征在于,包括依次层叠设置的InPOI衬底、含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层、InGaAs吸收层及含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层,所述InPOI衬底为从InP衬底上剥离下来后,转移至CMOS兼容的SOI衬底上的InP单晶薄膜,所述含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层以及所述含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层的材料均为含铝砷化物,所述InGaAs吸收层的材料为InGaAs;
所述的InPOI衬底具体为:通过智能剥离与衬底转移技术,从InP商用衬底上剥离并转移至CMOS兼容的SOI衬底上,经过包括真空键合、抛光工艺处理获得的InP单晶薄膜;
所述含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层的材料为In组分渐变的InAlAs三元或InAlGaAs四元化合物材料,或为与所述InGaAs吸收层晶格匹配的InAlAs三元或InAlGaAs四元化合物材料;
所述含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层的材料为与所述InGaAs吸收层晶格匹配的InAlAs三元或InAlGaAs四元化合物材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构,其特征在于,所述InPOI衬底厚度范围为200~1000nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构,其特征在于,所述的InPOI衬底包含半绝缘或导电InP衬底。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构,其特征在于,所述的InGaAs吸收层中In组分大于或等于0.53,即InxGa1-xAs(0.53≤x<1)。
5.一种如权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的一种基于InPOI衬底的InGaAs探测器结构的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤S1、制备InPOI衬底:将InP衬底转移至CMOS兼容的SOI衬底上,经过真空键合、抛光工艺处理后,获取InP单晶薄膜;
步骤S2、经高温脱氧处理后,在InPOI衬底上生长制备InP缓冲层和含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层;
步骤S3、在含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层上生长制备InGaAs吸收层;
步骤S4、在InGaAs吸收层上生长制备含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2具体包括如下步骤:
步骤S21、将InPOI衬底传入分子束外延生长室,经高温脱氧处理后,生长200nm的高掺杂n型InP作为缓冲层,电子浓度为2×1018cm-3;
步骤S22、基于步骤S21的缓冲层再生长厚度为100nm的In含量为52%的高掺杂n型In0.52Al0.48As缓冲层,电子浓度为2×1018cm-3;
步骤S23、基于步骤S22的缓冲层再生长厚度为1.9μm的In含量由52%渐变至80%的高掺杂n型InxAl1-xAs缓冲层,电子浓度为2×1018cm-3,步骤S23中生长的缓冲层用于释放应变,可同时作为阻挡层和下接触层,形成所述含铝砷化物阻挡层和下接触层。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3具体为:生长厚度为2μm、电子浓度为3×1016cm-3的低掺杂n型In0.8Ga0.2As吸收层;
所述步骤S4具体为:生长厚度为0.53μm、空穴浓度为7×1018cm-3的高掺杂p型In0.8Al0.2As上接触层,同时作为窗口层,该高掺杂p型In0.8Al0.2As上接触层即为所述含铝砷化物窗口层和上接触层。
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