CN112946658A - Method and device for acquiring vertical movement speed of atmosphere - Google Patents
Method and device for acquiring vertical movement speed of atmosphere Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method and a device for acquiring the vertical movement speed of the atmosphere are provided. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring power spectrum distribution of the precipitation cloud at all heights based on a single-frequency radar system detection mode; determining a first velocity difference on adjacent heights based on the power spectrum distribution of the precipitation cloud on the adjacent heights in all heights in the target direction, wherein the first velocity difference on the adjacent heights comprises the particle descending velocity difference on the adjacent heights; and correcting the particle descending speed difference on the adjacent heights to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference on the adjacent heights.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the field of active atmospheric remote sensing detection, in particular to the fields of meteorological radar remote sensing, atmospheric physics and artificial influence weather, and more particularly to a method and a device for acquiring the vertical movement speed of atmosphere.
Background
The accurate acquisition of the vertical distribution of the atmospheric dynamic parameters in the precipitation cloud is crucial to understanding the cloud and precipitation micro-physical control process and correctly simulating the atmospheric state, but the atmospheric vertical motion in the precipitation cloud, particularly the atmospheric dynamic parameters in the strong precipitation cloud, cannot be directly measured at present.
At present, on one hand, the cost of equipment for directly detecting the vertical movement of the atmosphere by using a single-frequency radar VHF is high, and when the vertical movement information of the atmosphere is inverted by using a dual-frequency radar, the vertical movement information of the atmosphere of weak rainfall can only be obtained under the influence of the capability of a short-wavelength radar system for detecting precipitation cloud; on the other hand, a certain error exists in inversion by using a single-frequency radar echo intensity and particle descent speed prior relation, and the spectrum distribution edge inversion has great uncertainty; therefore, an effective method for acquiring the vertical movement speed of the atmosphere is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The method and the device for acquiring the vertical movement speed of the atmosphere are provided, and the vertical movement speed of the atmosphere can be acquired.
In a first aspect, a method for acquiring an atmospheric vertical movement speed is provided, which includes:
acquiring power spectrum distribution of the precipitation cloud at all heights based on a single-frequency radar system detection mode;
determining, in a target direction, a first velocity difference over adjacent heights of the precipitation cloud among the all heights based on a power spectrum distribution of the precipitation cloud over the adjacent heights, the first velocity difference over the adjacent heights comprising a particle descent velocity difference over the adjacent heights;
correcting the particle descending speed difference on the adjacent heights to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference on the adjacent heights;
and determining the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the target height in the adjacent heights based on the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the initial height and the difference of the atmospheric vertical movement speeds on the adjacent heights.
In a second aspect, there is provided an apparatus for acquiring a vertical movement velocity of an atmosphere, comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the power spectrum distribution of the precipitation cloud at all heights based on a single-frequency radar system detection mode;
a first determination unit that determines, in a target direction, a first velocity difference at adjacent heights, including a particle descent velocity difference at the adjacent heights, based on a power spectrum distribution of the precipitation cloud at the adjacent heights among all the heights;
the second determining unit is used for correcting the particle descending speed difference on the adjacent heights to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference on the adjacent heights;
and the third determination unit is used for determining the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the target height in the adjacent heights based on the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the initial height and the difference of the atmospheric vertical movement speeds on the adjacent heights.
Based on the technical scheme, the power spectrum distribution data of the precipitation cloud at all heights is acquired by using the radar vertical detection, so that the acquired data is more original and real on a data level; by determining the Doppler velocity frequency shift on the adjacent height, other uncertain influences in the spectrum distribution are avoided, and the influence of the atmospheric turbulence motion of the adjacent height is reduced to the influence of the atmospheric vertical motion and the influence of the particle descending velocity change caused by mode particle size change; the particle descending speeds of the adjacent heights are corrected, namely, the particle descending speeds are different in consideration of different particle group attributes in the spectrum distribution of different heights in the mixing area, the particle descending speeds are corrected to enable the particle descending speeds of different heights to be more accurate, further, the particle descending speed difference of the adjacent heights is enabled to be more accurate, and finally, the atmospheric vertical movement speeds of different heights are enabled to be more accurate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for acquiring a vertical movement speed of an atmosphere according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is another schematic flow chart of a method for acquiring a vertical movement speed of the atmosphere provided by an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The method and the device can be applied to the fields of active atmospheric remote sensing detection, meteorological radar remote sensing, atmospheric physics, artificial influence weather and the like.
It should be noted that the method and the device can invert the atmospheric vertical movement speed in the precipitation cloud with any intensity and ensure the accuracy of the atmospheric vertical movement speed.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method 100 for acquiring a vertical movement velocity of an atmosphere according to an embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, the method 100 may include:
s101: and acquiring the power spectrum distribution of the precipitation cloud at all heights.
S102: in the target direction, based on the power spectral distribution of the precipitation cloud at all altitudes, the Doppler velocity frequency shift at adjacent altitudes is determined.
S103: and obtaining the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference on the adjacent heights based on the Doppler speed frequency shift on the adjacent heights and the corrected particle descending speed on the adjacent heights.
S104: and determining the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the target height in the adjacent heights based on the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the initial height and the difference of the atmospheric vertical movement speeds on the adjacent heights.
For example, the atmospheric vertical movement velocity difference at the adjacent height is obtained by calculating the first velocity difference at the adjacent height and the particle descent velocity difference at the adjacent height, and the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target height in the adjacent height is obtained based on the atmospheric vertical movement velocity difference at the adjacent height and the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the initial height.
The power spectrum distribution data of the precipitation cloud at all heights is acquired by using radar vertical detection, so that the acquired data is more original and real on a data level; by determining the Doppler velocity frequency shift on the adjacent height, other uncertain influences in the spectrum distribution are avoided, and the influence of the atmospheric turbulence motion of the adjacent height is reduced to the influence of the atmospheric vertical motion and the influence of the particle descending velocity change caused by mode particle size change; the particle descending speeds of the adjacent heights are corrected, namely, the descending speeds of the particles of different heights are corrected to enable the descending speeds of the particles of different heights to be more accurate in consideration of the fact that the particle group attributes in the spectral distribution of different heights in the mixing area are different and the particle group attribute proportion is related, further, the descending speeds of the particles of different heights are enabled to be more accurate, and finally, the accurate atmospheric vertical movement speeds of different heights are obtained.
It should be noted that the first velocity difference is indicative of the doppler velocity shift of the power spectrum distribution of the adjacent altitude in the target direction.
In some embodiments of the present application, the power spectrum distribution of each altitude is a distribution of echo intensities on a velocity axis; s102 may include:
and adjusting the position of the power spectrum distribution of one height in the adjacent heights on a speed shaft, calculating the amplitude difference of two spectrum signals with the same speed until the amplitude difference of the power spectrum distribution of the adjacent heights is accumulated to be minimum, and obtaining a first speed difference on the adjacent heights based on the speed adjustment amount of the power spectrum distribution of the height.
For example, the position of the power spectrum distribution of one of the adjacent altitudes in the target direction on the velocity axis can be adjusted by formula 1, and the amplitude difference of two spectrum signals at the same velocity is calculated, and when the power spectrum distributions of the adjacent altitudes are optimally correlated, that is, when the amplitude difference of the power spectrum distributions of the adjacent altitudes is accumulated to be minimum, the Δ va is the doppler velocity frequency shift of the power spectrum distribution of the adjacent altitude:
wherein v isiRepresenting the speed of a certain spectrum point in the radar speed measurement range; (s) (vi) a power spectrum distribution representing a certain altitude; s (v)iR0) represents the power spectral distribution over the height r 0; s (v)iR1) represents the power spectral distribution over the height r 1; v. ofimaxRepresenting the maximum value of the radar speed measurement range; v. ofiminThe minimum value of the radar speed measurement range is represented, and the delta va represents the Doppler speed frequency shift of the power spectrum distribution of the adjacent altitudes; costfunction denotes height above adjacent heightThe cumulative value of the amplitude difference of the power spectral distribution.
It should be noted that the target direction represents a top-down data direction of the single-frequency radar or a bottom-up data direction of the single-frequency radar.
In some embodiments of the present application, the precipitation cloud is divided according to phase: a solid zone, a mixing zone and a liquid zone; s103 may include: determining an echo intensity, a radial velocity, and a velocity spectral width of a power spectral distribution at each of the all elevations; determining a top height of the mixing zone and a bottom height of the mixing zone based on the echo intensity, radial velocity and velocity spectral width of the power spectral distribution at all heights; determining a particle descent speed difference at each of the adjacent heights based on an echo intensity of the power spectral distribution at each of the adjacent heights, a top height of the mixing zone, and a bottom height of the mixing zone; and subtracting the particle descending speed difference on the adjacent heights from the first speed difference on the adjacent heights to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference on the adjacent heights.
For example, the echo intensity, the radial velocity and the velocity spectrum width of the power spectrum distribution at each of all heights of the precipitation cloud are input to the data processor, and the top height of the mixed layer of the precipitation cloud and the bottom height of the mixed layer of the precipitation cloud are obtained; for example, only the echo intensity of the power spectral distribution at each of all heights of the precipitation cloud may be input to the data processor, resulting in the top height of the mixed layer of the precipitation cloud and the bottom height of the mixed layer of the precipitation cloud.
For example, the descending speeds of the particles on the adjacent heights are directly determined through a relation table of the echo intensity and the descending speed of the particles, and further the difference of the descending speeds of the particles on the adjacent heights is determined; for another example, by judging the relationship between each of the adjacent heights and the height of the mixing zone, when each of the adjacent heights is lower than the bottom height of the mixing zone or higher than the top height of the mixing zone, the particle descent speed at the adjacent height is obtained by the relationship between the echo intensity, the particle swarm attribute and the particle descent speed, and when each of the adjacent heights is higher than the bottom height of the mixing zone and lower than the top height of the mixing zone, the particle descent speed at each of the adjacent heights is determined by determining the proportion of the particle swarm attribute at each of the adjacent heights, and then the particle descent speed difference at the adjacent height is determined.
The precipitation cloud is divided into the following parts according to phase states: and calculating the top height of the mixing zone and the bottom height of the mixing zone in the solid-state zone, the mixing zone and the liquid-state zone, namely, considering that the particle swarm attributes on different heights of the mixing zone are different, correcting the particle descending speeds on different heights of the mixing zone, and improving the accuracy of the particle descending speeds on different heights of the mixing zone.
It should be noted that the adjacent heights are any two adjacent heights in all the detection heights in the target direction.
In some embodiments of the present application, the power spectrum distribution at each of all the heights is subjected to a zero-order moment calculation within a first velocity measurement range, so as to obtain an echo intensity of the power spectrum distribution at each of the heights; the first speed measuring range is a speed measuring range detected by a radar system; performing first-order moment calculation on the power spectrum distribution on each height in all the heights in a first speed measurement range to obtain the radial speed of the power spectrum distribution on each height; and performing second moment calculation on the power spectrum distribution on each height in all the heights in a first speed measurement range to obtain the speed spectrum width of the power spectrum distribution on each height.
For example, the order moment calculation may be performed on the power spectrum distribution at each of all the heights by equation 2, and the echo intensity Z and the radial velocity V of the power spectrum distribution at each of all the heights may be outputDopplerAnd broad velocity spectrum
Wherein，viRepresenting the speed of a certain spectrum point in the radar speed measurement range; (s) (vi) a power spectrum distribution representing a certain altitude; v. ofimaxRepresenting the maximum value of the radar speed measurement range; v. ofim i nRepresenting the minimum value of the radar speed measurement range; z represents the echo intensity of the power spectral distribution over a certain height; vDopplerA radial velocity representing a power spectral distribution over a height;
a velocity spectral width representing the power spectral distribution over a certain height.
Of course, in other alternative embodiments, the above equations 1 to 2 may be converted into a programming language structure, which is not specifically limited in this application.
In some embodiments of the present application, bright band identification is performed on the precipitation cloud based on echo intensity, radial velocity, and velocity spectral width at all altitudes; if the precipitation cloud has a bright band structure, outputting a bright band top height and a bright band bottom height, wherein the bright band top height is the top height of the precipitation cloud mixed area, and the bright band bottom height is the bottom height of the precipitation cloud mixed area; if the precipitation cloud does not have a bright band structure, performing convection kernel identification on the precipitation cloud; if the convection kernel exists in the precipitation cloud, determining the sum of the top height of the bright band at the first moment and a first threshold as the top height of the precipitation cloud mixed area, and determining the difference between the bottom height of the bright band at the first moment and the first threshold as the bottom height of the precipitation cloud mixed area; the first moment is a certain historical moment when the precipitation cloud has a bright band structure; and if the precipitation cloud does not have a bright band structure and the precipitation cloud does not have the convection core, determining the top height of the bright band at the first moment as the top height of the precipitation cloud mixed area, and determining the bottom height of the bright band at the first moment as the bottom height of the precipitation cloud mixed area.
For example, the echo intensity, the radial velocity and the velocity spectrum width at all heights are input into a data processor, and the data processor determines the top height of the precipitation cloud mixed region and the bottom height of the precipitation cloud mixed region according to the evolution characteristics of the vertical detection radar bright band vertical profile by using a classical zero-degree layer bright band identification algorithm or a convection kernel identification algorithm.
For example, if the first threshold value may be 0.5km when the precipitation cloud has a convection core, the top height of the mixing region is the sum of the top height of the bright band at the first time and 0.5km, and the bottom height of the mixing region is the difference between the bottom height of the bright band at the first time and 0.5 km.
It should be understood that the application does not limit the specific value of the first threshold. For example, the first threshold may be 0.5km or 0.75 km.
Determining the bottom height of a mixing region of the precipitation cloud and the top height of the mixing region of the precipitation cloud by carrying out bright band recognition and convection kernel recognition on the precipitation cloud, wherein equivalently, considering that the particle descending speeds of the precipitation cloud at different heights are related to the particle swarm attributes at different heights, the particle swarm attributes at different heights of the precipitation cloud are determined, and then the height ranges of a liquid region, the mixing region and a solid region of the precipitation cloud are determined, wherein the particle swarm attribute of the liquid region is rain, the particle swarm attribute of the solid region is one of ice crystal, snowflake and aragonite, and the particle swarm attribute of the mixing region is in a mixed state;
it should be noted that the first time is a certain historical time when the precipitation cloud has the bright band structure, the precipitation cloud may be one of a layer cloud, a convection precipitation cloud, and a transition cloud, and the precipitation cloud having the bright band structure is a layer cloud, and the top height of the mixed region and the bottom height of the mixed region of the layer cloud may be determined by using a bright band identification algorithm; the precipitation cloud with the convection core structure is a convection precipitation cloud, and the top height of a mixing region and the bottom height of the mixing region of the convection precipitation cloud can be determined by using a convection core identification algorithm; for the precipitation cloud which cannot identify the bright band structure and the convection core as the transition cloud, the top height of the mixed region and the bottom height of the mixed region of the transition cloud can be determined according to the bright band structure of the layer cloud at a certain historical moment.
In some embodiments of the present application, a particle descent speed of the power spectral distribution at each of the adjacent heights is determined based on an echo intensity of the power spectral distribution at each of the adjacent heights, a top height of the mixing zone, and a bottom height of the mixing zone; if each height is lower than the bottom height of the mixing zone or higher than the top height of the mixing zone, obtaining the particle descent speed of the power spectrum distribution at each height based on the echo intensity of the power spectrum distribution at each height and a first relation; the first relation is a corresponding relation among echo intensity, particle swarm attributes and particle descending speed, and the particle swarm attributes are particle states of each region in the precipitation cloud phase state partition;
if each height is higher than the bottom height of the mixing zone and lower than the top height of the mixing zone, obtaining the proportion of the particle swarm attributes of the solid-state zone and the proportion of the particle swarm attributes of the liquid-state zone on each height based on each height, the bottom height of the mixing zone and the top height of the mixing zone; obtaining the particle descending speed of the power spectrum distribution on each height based on the proportion of the particle swarm attributes of the solid-state area, the proportion of the particle swarm attributes of the liquid-state area on each height and the first relation; and performing difference operation on the particle descending speeds of the power spectrum distribution on the adjacent heights to obtain the particle descending speed difference on the adjacent heights.
For example, if each height is lower than the bottom height of the mixing region or higher than the top height of the mixing region, the particle falling speed of the power spectrum distribution of each height can be obtained according to the corresponding relationship among the echo intensity, the particle swarm attributes and the particle falling speed, and further the particle falling speed difference of the power spectrum distribution on the adjacent heights can be obtained.
For example, based on the echo intensity of the power spectrum distribution at each of the adjacent heights, the top height of the mixing region, and the bottom height of the mixing region, the particle falling velocity of ice crystals in the solid region can be obtained by equation 3; the particle descending speed of the snow in the solid area can be obtained through formula 4; the particle descent speed of the solid-state region aragonite can be obtained by equation 5; the particle drop rate of the liquid zone rain can be obtained by equation 6:
ice crystal: z<-10dBZ,Vt＝0.48Z0.08Formula 3;
snow: -10dBZ<Z<30dBZ,Vt＝0.79Z0.075Formula 4;
and (5) about aragonite: z >30dBZ, Vt ═ -3.4+0.1864dBZ equation 5;
rain: vt 2.6Z0.107Equation 6;
wherein Z is the echo intensity of the power spectrum distribution on different heights of the precipitation cloud, Vt is the particle falling speed on different heights of the precipitation cloud, and dBZ is a physical quantity of the radar echo intensity.
For example, if each height is higher than the bottom height of the mixing region and lower than the top height of the mixing region, each height is a height in the mixing region, the liquid phase weight and the ice phase weight at each height are determined based on the relationship between each height and the top height of the mixing region and the bottom height of the mixing region, and the particle descent speed at each height is determined based on the corresponding relationship between the liquid phase weight and the ice phase weight at each height and the corresponding relationship between the echo intensity, the particle swarm property and the particle descent speed.
For example, the weight of the particle descent speed of the ice phase particle group at each level in the mixing zone can be determined by equation 7, the weight of the particle descent speed of the liquid phase particle group at each level in the mixing zone can be determined by equation 8, and the particle descent speed at each level in the mixing zone can be determined by equation 9:
liquid phase weight:
ice phase weight: wi (h) 1.0-wr (h) formula 8;
particle descending speed of the mixing zone: vt ═ Vt (rain) wr (h) + Vt (solid) wi (h) formula 9;
wherein Ht is the top height of the mixing zone; hb is the bottom height of the mixing zone; h is a certain height in the mixing region, Wr (h) is the liquid phase weight of h height in the mixing region, wi (h) is the ice phase weight of h height in the mixing region, Vt (rain) is the descending speed of liquid phase particles at h height in the mixing region, Vt (solid) is the descending speed of ice phase particles at h height in the mixing region, and the ice phase particles comprise one of ice crystals, snowflakes and aragonite; vt is the particle fall velocity at h height in the mixed region.
In some embodiments of the present application, the precipitation cloud is divided according to phase: a solid zone, a mixing zone and a liquid zone; the target direction comprises a first direction from bottom to top, and the initial height is the height above the liquid region; subtracting the particle descending speed of the power spectrum distribution at the initial height from the radial speed of the power spectrum distribution at the initial height along the first direction to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed of the precipitation cloud at the initial height; obtaining an atmospheric vertical movement speed at a target altitude in the adjacent altitudes in the first direction based on an accumulated sum of the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the initial altitude and the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference at the adjacent altitudes; determining an atmospheric vertical movement velocity at a target one of the adjacent altitudes based on the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the first direction.
For example, if the initial height is the ground height, the radial velocity is equal to the particle descent velocity, and the atmospheric vertical movement velocity of the initial height is 0.
For example, in a first direction, firstly, the atmospheric vertical movement speed of the initial altitude is determined, and secondly, the atmospheric vertical movement speed of the initial altitude and the difference of the atmospheric vertical movement speeds on the adjacent altitudes are cumulatively summed to determine the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the target altitude in the adjacent altitudes.
For example, the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target one of the adjacent altitudes may be determined as a product of the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target one of the adjacent altitudes and a certain coefficient in the first direction.
For example, the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the first direction may be directly determined as the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes.
For example, the average of the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the first direction and the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the other opposite direction may be determined as the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target one of the adjacent altitudes.
In some embodiments of the present application, the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the first direction is determined as the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes.
For example, the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target one of the adjacent heights in the first direction is directly determined as the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target one of the adjacent heights.
In some embodiments of the present application, the method 100 may further comprise: the target direction comprises a second direction from top to bottom, and the initial height is a height above the solid area; subtracting the particle descending speed of the power spectrum distribution on the initial height from the radial speed of the power spectrum distribution on the initial height along the second direction to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed of the precipitation cloud on the initial height; obtaining an atmospheric vertical movement speed at a target altitude in the adjacent altitudes in the second direction based on an accumulated sum of the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the initial altitude and the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference at the adjacent altitudes; determining an atmospheric vertical movement velocity at a target one of the adjacent altitudes based on the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the first direction and the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the second direction.
For example, the initial height in the second direction may be a cloud top height, and the atmospheric vertical velocity of the initial height is a difference between a radial velocity of the initial height and a particle descending velocity of the initial height.
For example, the initial height in the second direction may also be an arbitrary height of the solid-state area of the precipitation cloud, and the atmospheric vertical velocity of the initial height is the difference between the radial velocity of the initial height and the particle descending velocity of the initial height.
For example, in the second direction, firstly, the atmospheric vertical movement speed of the initial altitude is determined, and secondly, the atmospheric vertical movement of the altitude adjacent to the initial altitude and the difference of the atmospheric vertical movement speeds of the adjacent altitudes are cumulatively summed to determine the atmospheric vertical movement speed of the target altitude in the adjacent altitudes.
For example, if the target height in the adjacent heights is a certain height of the liquid region of the precipitation cloud, the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target height in the adjacent heights in the first direction is directly determined as the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target height in the adjacent heights, and if the target height in the adjacent heights is a certain height of the solid region of the precipitation cloud, the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target height in the adjacent heights in the second direction is directly determined as the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target height in the adjacent heights.
For example, if the target height of the adjacent heights is a certain height of the mixing zone of the precipitation cloud, the weight of the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target height of the adjacent heights in the mixing zone in the first direction may be determined by equation 10, the weight of the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target height of the adjacent heights in the mixing zone in the second direction may be determined by equation 11, and further the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target height of the adjacent heights in the mixing zone may be determined by equation 12:
first direction atmospheric vertical movement velocity weight:
second direction atmospheric vertical movement velocity weight: wairsolid(h)＝1.0-Wairrain(h) Equation 11;
atmospheric vertical movement speed at target height:
Wair(h)＝Wair1(h)*Wairrain(h)+Wair2(h)*Wairsolid(h) equation 12;
wherein, Wairrain(h) Is a first direction atmospheric vertical movement velocity weight; ht is the top height of the mixing zone; hb is the bottom height of the mixing zone; h is a certain height in the mixing zone, Wairsolid(h) The weight of the atmospheric vertical movement speed in the second direction; wair1(h) is the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the height h in the first direction, Wair2(h) is the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the height h in the second direction, Wair (h) is the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the height h in the final adjacent height.
By performing weighted calculation on the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the target height in the first direction and the atmospheric movement verticality on the target height in the second direction, equivalently, the accuracy of the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the target height in the adjacent height of the mixing area is improved, so that the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the target height in the adjacent height is more accurate.
Of course, in other alternative embodiments, the above equations 3 to 12 may be converted into a programming language structure, which is not specifically limited in this application.
Fig. 2 is another schematic flow chart of a method 200 for obtaining a vertical movement velocity of the atmosphere according to an embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 2, the method 200 may include:
s201: and acquiring the power spectrum distribution of the precipitation cloud at all heights.
For example, the power spectrum distribution of the precipitation cloud at all heights is acquired based on the detection mode of a single-frequency radar system.
S202: in the bottom-up direction, the Doppler velocity frequency shift at adjacent altitudes is determined.
For example, in the bottom-up direction, based on the power spectral distribution of the precipitation cloud at all altitudes, the doppler velocity shifts at adjacent altitudes are determined.
S203: from the bottom up direction, the echo intensity, radial velocity and velocity spectral width of the power spectral distribution at each of all altitudes are determined.
For example, in the bottom-up direction, the order moment calculation is performed on the power spectrum distribution at each of all altitudes, and the echo intensity, radial velocity, and velocity spectrum width of the power spectrum distribution at each of all altitudes are determined.
S204: and determining the top height of the precipitation cloud mixing area and the bottom height of the precipitation cloud mixing area from bottom to top.
For example, in a bottom-up direction, the top height of the mixing zone and the bottom height of the mixing zone are determined based on the echo intensity, radial velocity and velocity spectral width of the power spectral distribution at all heights.
S205: and determining the particle descending speed difference on the adjacent heights from bottom to top.
For example, in a bottom-up direction, the particle descent speed of each of the adjacent heights is determined based on the echo intensity of the power spectral distribution at each of the adjacent heights, the top height of the mixing zone, and the bottom height of the mixing zone, thereby determining the particle descent speed difference at the adjacent heights.
S206: and determining the difference of the atmospheric vertical movement speeds on adjacent heights from bottom to top.
For example, the difference of the particle descending speed at the adjacent height is subtracted from the doppler speed shift at the adjacent height, so as to obtain the difference of the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the adjacent height.
S207: and determining the vertical movement speed of the atmosphere at the initial height from bottom to top.
For example, the radial velocity of the initial height and the particle descent velocity of the initial height are determined as the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the initial height in the bottom-up direction.
S208: from bottom to top, the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes is determined.
For example, in the bottom-up direction, the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the initial altitude is cumulatively summed with the atmospheric vertical movement velocity difference at the adjacent altitude to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target altitude in the adjacent altitude.
S209: from top to bottom, the doppler velocity shifts at adjacent altitudes are determined.
For example, the doppler velocity shifts at adjacent altitudes are determined based on the power spectral distribution of the precipitation cloud at all altitudes, from the top to the bottom direction.
S210: from top to bottom direction, the echo intensity, radial velocity and velocity spectral width of the power spectral distribution at each of all heights is determined.
For example, from top to bottom, the order moment calculation is performed on the power spectrum distribution at each of all the heights, and the echo intensity, radial velocity, and velocity spectrum width of the power spectrum distribution at each of all the heights are determined.
S211: and determining the top height of the precipitation cloud mixing zone and the bottom height of the mixing zone from top to bottom.
For example, the top height of the mixing zone and the bottom height of the mixing zone are determined based on the echo intensity, radial velocity and velocity spectral width of the power spectral distribution over all heights, from top to bottom.
S212: and determining the descending speed difference of the particles on the adjacent heights from top to bottom.
For example, from top to bottom, the particle descent speed of each height on the adjacent heights is determined based on the echo intensity of the power spectrum distribution on each height, the top height of the mixing region and the bottom height of the mixing region, and then the particle descent speed difference on the adjacent heights is determined.
S213: and determining the difference of the atmospheric vertical movement speeds on adjacent heights from top to bottom.
For example, the difference of the vertical movement speeds of the atmosphere at the adjacent heights is obtained by shifting the Doppler speed at the adjacent heights from top to bottom and subtracting the difference of the descending speeds of the particles at the adjacent heights.
S214: from top to bottom, the atmospheric vertical motion velocity at the initial altitude is determined.
For example, from top to bottom, the radial velocity of the initial height and the particle descent velocity of the initial height are determined as the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the initial height.
S215: from top to bottom, the speed of the atmospheric vertical movement at the target one of the adjacent altitudes is determined.
For example, from top to bottom, the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the initial height is cumulatively summed with the atmospheric vertical movement velocity difference at the adjacent height to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target height in the adjacent height.
And S216, finally determining the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the target height in the adjacent heights.
For example, the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target height in the adjacent heights from top to bottom and the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target height in the adjacent heights from bottom to top are weighted to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target height in the adjacent heights.
It should be noted that, in the various method embodiments of the present application, the sequence numbers of the processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of the processes should be determined by the functions and the inherent logic of the processes, but should not be limited in any way.
The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present application is not limited to the details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present application within the technical idea of the present application, and these simple modifications are all within the protection scope of the present application. For example, the various features described in the foregoing detailed description may be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and various combinations that may be possible are not described in this application in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. For example, various embodiments of the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present application as long as the concept of the present application is not violated.
Method embodiments of the present application are described in detail above in conjunction with fig. 1-2, and apparatus embodiments of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 300 for acquiring a vertical movement speed of an atmosphere according to an embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 3, the apparatus 300 may include:
the acquisition unit 310: for obtaining the power spectral distribution of the precipitation cloud at all heights.
The first determination unit 320: for determining a first velocity difference in the target direction over the adjacent elevations.
The second determination unit 330: and the method is used for determining the particle descending speed difference on the adjacent heights after correction to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference on the adjacent heights.
The third determination unit 340: the method is used for determining the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the initial height and determining the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target height in the adjacent heights based on the difference between the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the initial height and the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the adjacent heights.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first determining unit 320 is specifically configured to: and adjusting the power spectrum distribution on the adjacent height in the target direction until the measurement speed of the power spectrum distribution on the adjacent height is smaller than a preset value, and obtaining a first speed difference on the adjacent height based on the adjustment amount of the power spectrum distribution on the adjacent height.
In some embodiments of the present application, the precipitation cloud is divided according to phase: a solid zone, a mixing zone and a liquid zone; the second determining unit 330 is specifically configured to:
determining an echo intensity, a radial velocity, and a velocity spectral width of a power spectral distribution at each of the all elevations;
determining a top height of the mixing zone and a bottom height of the mixing zone based on the echo intensity, radial velocity and velocity spectral width of the power spectral distribution at all heights;
determining a particle descent speed difference at each of the adjacent heights based on an echo intensity of the power spectral distribution at each of the adjacent heights, a top height of the mixing zone, and a bottom height of the mixing zone;
and subtracting the particle descending speed difference on the adjacent heights from the first speed difference on the adjacent heights to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference on the adjacent heights.
In some embodiments of the present application, the second determining unit 330 is specifically configured to: performing zero-order moment calculation on the power spectrum distribution on each height in all the heights in a first speed measurement range to obtain the echo intensity of the power spectrum distribution on each height; the first speed measuring range is a speed measuring range detected by a radar system;
performing first-order moment calculation on the power spectrum distribution on each height in all the heights in a first speed measurement range to obtain the radial speed of the power spectrum distribution on each height;
and performing second moment calculation on the power spectrum distribution on each height in all the heights in a first speed measurement range to obtain the speed spectrum width of the power spectrum distribution on each height.
In some embodiments of the present application, the second determining unit 330 is specifically configured to: performing bright band identification on the precipitation cloud based on the echo intensities, the radial velocities and the velocity spectrum widths at all the heights;
if the precipitation cloud has a bright band structure, outputting a bright band top height and a bright band bottom height, wherein the bright band top height is the top height of the precipitation cloud mixed area, and the bright band bottom height is the bottom height of the precipitation cloud mixed area;
if the precipitation cloud does not have a bright band structure, performing convection kernel identification on the precipitation cloud;
if the convection kernel exists in the precipitation cloud, determining the sum of the top height of the bright band at the first moment and a first threshold as the top height of the precipitation cloud mixed area, and determining the difference between the bottom height of the bright band at the first moment and the first threshold as the bottom height of the precipitation cloud mixed area; the first moment is a certain historical moment when the precipitation cloud has a bright band structure;
and if the precipitation cloud does not have a bright band structure and the precipitation cloud does not have the convection core, determining the top height of the bright band at the first moment as the top height of the precipitation cloud mixed area, and determining the bottom height of the bright band at the first moment as the bottom height of the precipitation cloud mixed area.
In some embodiments of the present application, the second determining unit 330 is specifically configured to: determining a particle descent speed of the power spectral distribution at each of the adjacent heights based on an echo intensity of the power spectral distribution at each of the adjacent heights, a top height of the mixing zone, and a bottom height of the mixing zone;
if each height is lower than the bottom height of the mixing zone or higher than the top height of the mixing zone, obtaining the particle descent speed of the power spectrum distribution at each height based on the echo intensity of the power spectrum distribution at each height and a first relation; the first relation is a corresponding relation among echo intensity, particle swarm attributes and particle descending speed, and the particle swarm attributes are particle states of each region in the precipitation cloud phase state partition;
if each height is higher than the bottom height of the mixing zone and lower than the top height of the mixing zone, obtaining the proportion of the particle swarm attributes of the solid-state zone and the proportion of the particle swarm attributes of the liquid-state zone on each height based on each height, the bottom height of the mixing zone and the top height of the mixing zone; obtaining the particle descending speed of the power spectrum distribution on each height based on the proportion of the particle swarm attributes of the solid-state area, the proportion of the particle swarm attributes of the liquid-state area on each height and the first relation;
and performing difference operation on the particle descending speeds of the power spectrum distribution on the adjacent heights to obtain the particle descending speed difference on the adjacent heights.
In some embodiments of the present application, the precipitation cloud is divided according to phase: a solid zone, a mixing zone and a liquid zone; the target direction comprises a first direction from bottom to top, and the initial height is the height above the liquid region; the third determining unit 340 is specifically configured to: subtracting the particle descending speed of the power spectrum distribution at the initial height from the radial speed of the power spectrum distribution at the initial height along the first direction to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed of the precipitation cloud at the initial height;
obtaining an atmospheric vertical movement speed at a target altitude in the adjacent altitudes in the first direction based on an accumulated sum of the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the initial altitude and the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference at the adjacent altitudes;
determining an atmospheric vertical movement velocity at a target one of the adjacent altitudes based on the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the first direction.
In some embodiments of the present application, the third determining unit 340 may further be specifically configured to: and determining the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the target height in the adjacent heights in the first direction as the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the target height in the adjacent heights.
In some embodiments of the present application, the target direction comprises a second direction from top to bottom, the initial height being a height above the solid state region; the third determining unit 340 may further be specifically configured to: subtracting the particle descending speed of the power spectrum distribution on the initial height from the radial speed of the power spectrum distribution on the initial height along the second direction to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed of the precipitation cloud on the initial height;
obtaining an atmospheric vertical movement speed at a target altitude in the adjacent altitudes in the second direction based on an accumulated sum of the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the initial altitude and the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference at the adjacent altitudes;
determining an atmospheric vertical movement velocity at a target one of the adjacent altitudes based on the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the first direction and the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the second direction.
It is to be understood that apparatus embodiments and method embodiments may correspond to one another and that similar descriptions may refer to method embodiments. To avoid repetition, further description is omitted here. Specifically, the apparatus 300 shown in fig. 3 may correspond to a corresponding main body for executing the method 100 or 200 according to the embodiment of the present application, and the foregoing and other operations and/or functions of each module in the apparatus 300 are respectively for implementing corresponding flows in each method in fig. 1 or fig. 2, and are not described herein again for brevity.
The apparatus 300 of the embodiments of the present application is described above in connection with the drawings from the perspective of functional modules. It should be understood that the functional modules may be implemented by hardware, by instructions in software, or by a combination of hardware and software modules. Specifically, the steps of the method embodiments in the present application may be implemented by integrated logic circuits of hardware in a processor and/or instructions in the form of software, and the steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments in the present application may be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. Alternatively, the software modules may be located in random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, and the like, as is well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and a processor reads information in the memory and performs the steps of the method embodiment in combination with hardware thereof.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative modules and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the module is merely a logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or modules, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
Modules described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as modules may or may not be physical modules, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. For example, functional modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing module, or each of the modules may exist alone physically, or two or more modules are integrated into one module.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for obtaining the vertical movement speed of the atmosphere, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring power spectrum distribution of the precipitation cloud on all heights based on a single-frequency radar detection mode;
determining, in a target direction, a first velocity difference over adjacent heights of the precipitation cloud among the all heights based on a power spectrum distribution of the precipitation cloud over the adjacent heights, the first velocity difference over the adjacent heights comprising a particle descent velocity difference over the adjacent heights;
correcting the particle descending speed difference on the adjacent heights to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference on the adjacent heights;
and determining the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the target height in the adjacent heights based on the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the initial height and the difference of the atmospheric vertical movement speeds on the adjacent heights.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the power spectrum distribution of each altitude is a distribution of echo intensity on a velocity axis; the determining, in the target direction, a first velocity difference at an adjacent height among the all heights based on a power spectrum distribution of the precipitation cloud at the adjacent height includes:
and in the target direction, adjusting the position of the power spectrum distribution of one height in the adjacent heights on a speed axis, calculating the amplitude difference of two spectrum signals with the same speed until the amplitude difference of the power spectrum distribution of the adjacent heights is accumulated to the minimum, and obtaining a first speed difference on the adjacent heights based on the speed adjustment amount of the power spectrum distribution of the one height.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the precipitation cloud is divided according to phase into: the step of correcting the difference of the descending speeds of the particles on the adjacent heights to obtain the difference of the vertical movement speeds of the atmosphere on the adjacent heights comprises the following steps:
determining an echo intensity, a radial velocity, and a velocity spectral width of a power spectral distribution at each of the all elevations;
determining a top height of the mixing zone and a bottom height of the mixing zone based on the echo intensity, radial velocity and velocity spectral width of the power spectral distribution at all heights;
determining a particle descent speed difference at each of the adjacent heights based on an echo intensity of the power spectral distribution at each of the adjacent heights, a top height of the mixing zone, and a bottom height of the mixing zone;
and subtracting the particle descending speed difference on the adjacent heights from the first speed difference on the adjacent heights to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference on the adjacent heights.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said determining the echo intensity, radial velocity and velocity spectral width of the power spectral distribution at each of said all altitudes comprises:
performing zero-order moment calculation on the power spectrum distribution on each height in all the heights in a first speed measurement range to obtain the echo intensity of the power spectrum distribution on each height; the first speed measuring range is a speed measuring range detected by a radar system;
performing first-order moment calculation on the power spectrum distribution on each height in all the heights in a first speed measurement range to obtain the radial speed of the power spectrum distribution on each height;
and performing second moment calculation on the power spectrum distribution on each height in all the heights in a first speed measurement range to obtain the speed spectrum width of the power spectrum distribution on each height.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the top height of the mixing zone and the bottom height of the mixing zone based on the echo intensity, radial velocity and velocity spectral width of the power spectral distribution over all heights comprises:
performing bright band identification on the precipitation cloud based on the echo intensities, the radial velocities and the velocity spectrum widths at all the heights;
if the precipitation cloud has a bright band structure, outputting a bright band top height and a bright band bottom height, wherein the bright band top height is the top height of the precipitation cloud mixed area, and the bright band bottom height is the bottom height of the precipitation cloud mixed area;
if the precipitation cloud does not have a bright band structure, performing convection kernel identification on the precipitation cloud;
if the convection kernel exists in the precipitation cloud, determining the sum of the top height of the bright band at the first moment and a first threshold as the top height of the precipitation cloud mixed area, and determining the difference between the bottom height of the bright band at the first moment and the first threshold as the bottom height of the precipitation cloud mixed area; the first moment is a certain historical moment when the precipitation cloud has a bright band structure;
and if the precipitation cloud does not have a bright band structure and the precipitation cloud does not have the convection core, determining the top height of the bright band at the first moment as the top height of the precipitation cloud mixed area, and determining the bottom height of the bright band at the first moment as the bottom height of the precipitation cloud mixed area.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the particle descent speed difference at the adjacent heights based on the echo intensity of the power spectral distribution at each of the adjacent heights, the top height of the mixing zone, and the bottom height of the mixing zone comprises:
determining a particle descent speed of the power spectral distribution at each of the adjacent heights based on an echo intensity of the power spectral distribution at each of the adjacent heights, a top height of the mixing zone, and a bottom height of the mixing zone;
if each height is lower than the bottom height of the mixing zone or higher than the top height of the mixing zone, obtaining the particle descent speed of the power spectrum distribution at each height based on the echo intensity of the power spectrum distribution at each height and a first relation; the first relation is a corresponding relation among echo intensity, particle swarm attributes and particle descending speed, and the particle swarm attributes are particle states of each region in the precipitation cloud phase state partition;
if each height is higher than the bottom height of the mixing zone and lower than the top height of the mixing zone, obtaining the proportion of the particle swarm attributes of the solid-state zone and the proportion of the particle swarm attributes of the liquid-state zone on each height based on each height, the bottom height of the mixing zone and the top height of the mixing zone; obtaining the particle descending speed of the power spectrum distribution on each height based on the proportion of the particle swarm attributes of the solid-state area, the proportion of the particle swarm attributes of the liquid-state area on each height and the first relation;
and performing difference operation on the particle descending speeds of the power spectrum distribution on the adjacent heights to obtain the particle descending speed difference on the adjacent heights.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the precipitation cloud is divided according to phase into: a solid zone, a mixing zone and a liquid zone; the target direction comprises a first direction from bottom to top, and the initial height is the height above the liquid region; the determining the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the target one of the adjacent altitudes based on the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the initial altitude and the difference between the atmospheric vertical movement speeds at the adjacent altitudes comprises:
subtracting the particle descending speed of the power spectrum distribution at the initial height from the radial speed of the power spectrum distribution at the initial height along the first direction to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed of the precipitation cloud at the initial height;
obtaining an atmospheric vertical movement speed at a target altitude in the adjacent altitudes in the first direction based on an accumulated sum of the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the initial altitude and the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference at the adjacent altitudes;
determining an atmospheric vertical movement velocity at a target one of the adjacent altitudes based on the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the first direction.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining the atmospheric vertical motion velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes based on the atmospheric vertical motion velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the first direction comprises:
and determining the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the target height in the adjacent heights in the first direction as the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the target height in the adjacent heights.
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising: the target direction comprises a second direction from top to bottom, and the initial height is a height above the solid area; the determining the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes based on the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the first direction comprises:
subtracting the particle descending speed of the power spectrum distribution on the initial height from the radial speed of the power spectrum distribution on the initial height along the second direction to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed of the precipitation cloud on the initial height;
obtaining an atmospheric vertical movement speed at a target altitude in the adjacent altitudes in the second direction based on an accumulated sum of the atmospheric vertical movement speed at the initial altitude and the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference at the adjacent altitudes;
determining an atmospheric vertical movement velocity at a target one of the adjacent altitudes based on the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the first direction and the atmospheric vertical movement velocity at the target one of the adjacent altitudes in the second direction.
10. An apparatus for acquiring the vertical movement velocity of the atmosphere, comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the power spectrum distribution of the precipitation cloud at all heights based on a single-frequency radar system detection mode;
a first determination unit that determines, in a target direction, a first velocity difference at adjacent heights, including a particle descent velocity difference at the adjacent heights, based on a power spectrum distribution of the precipitation cloud at the adjacent heights among all the heights;
the second determining unit is used for correcting the particle descending speed difference on the adjacent heights to obtain the atmospheric vertical movement speed difference on the adjacent heights;
and the third determination unit is used for determining the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the target height in the adjacent heights based on the atmospheric vertical movement speed on the initial height and the difference of the atmospheric vertical movement speeds on the adjacent heights.
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