CN112859031B - Method and system for inverting raindrop spectrum - Google Patents

Method and system for inverting raindrop spectrum Download PDF

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CN112859031B
CN112859031B CN202110163921.XA CN202110163921A CN112859031B CN 112859031 B CN112859031 B CN 112859031B CN 202110163921 A CN202110163921 A CN 202110163921A CN 112859031 B CN112859031 B CN 112859031B
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spectrum
raindrop
precipitation
inverting
speed
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CN112859031A (en
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罗丽
肖辉
郭佳
陈明轩
马建立
李思腾
仰美霖
冯亮
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Beijing Institute Of Urban Meteorology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for inverting a raindrop spectrum, which comprise the following steps: denoising the Doppler spectrum to obtain a precipitation signal spectrum; carrying out unfolding processing on the precipitation signal spectrum to obtain an unfolded precipitation signal spectrum; carrying out vertical airflow correction treatment on the folded rainfall signal spectrum to obtain a rainfall velocity spectrum; and inverting the precipitation velocity spectrum to obtain a raindrop spectrum. The method for inverting the raindrop spectrum is obtained by calculation according to the raindrop spectrum which is actually observed, a raindrop spectrum distribution function model does not need to be assumed in advance, any empirical relation is not relied on, the condition that the MRR can only be used for measuring lamellar cloud rainfall with small vertical airflow is overcome, and the accuracy of inverting the DSD of the natural rainfall by the MRR is improved.

Description

Method and system for inverting raindrop spectrum
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atmospheric science and environmental science, and particularly relates to a method and a system for inverting a raindrop spectrum.
Background
Micro Rain Radar (MRR) is a vertically-oriented frequency modulated continuous wave (FM-CW) doppler Radar, and compared with a pulse Radar, MRR has higher sensitivity and spatial-temporal resolution. However, because the MRR is affected by the vertical airflow, the estimation of the particle falling end speed is biased, so that the accuracy of the MRR for inverting the raindrop spectrum (DSD) is affected, and the application of the MRR in convection cloud rainfall with large vertical airflow is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Objects of the invention
The present invention is directed to a method and system for inverting a raindrop spectrum to solve the above problems.
(II) technical scheme
To solve the above problem, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for inverting a raindrop spectrum, including: denoising the Doppler spectrum to obtain a precipitation signal spectrum; carrying out unfolding processing on the precipitation signal spectrum to obtain an unfolded precipitation signal spectrum; carrying out vertical airflow correction treatment on the folded rainfall signal spectrum to obtain a rainfall velocity spectrum; and inverting the precipitation velocity spectrum to obtain a raindrop spectrum.
Further, the denoising process includes: the spectrum with the highest power worth within each range bin is removed, and the ratio r of the square of the mean (E) and the variance (V) of the remaining spectra is found, through a circular recursion, until the following condition is satisfied:
Figure BDA0002936779210000021
wherein n is the effective number of original spectrums; marking the decreasing spectrum as a precipitation signal spectrum starting from the maximum of the averaged values (E) of the remaining spectra; and circularly recursing the non-decreasing spectrum until the average value E is larger than the average value calculated last time and marking as the precipitation signal spectrum.
Further, in the 10s original spectrum of the micro precipitation radar, n is taken as 57 or 58.
Further, the unfolding process includes: applying a de-aliasing procedure to the spectra of the range bins; determining a speed position corresponding to a peak value of a spectrum of the distance library; searching for a starting point of a spectrum within the range bin starting from the velocity location; and determining left and right end points of the spectrum power spectrum of the precipitation signal according to the starting point of the spectrum in the distance library.
Further, the removing vertical airflow processing of the collapsed precipitation signal spectrum comprises: and determining the left end point and the right end point of each distance library, and performing unfolding processing to obtain a folded precipitation signal spectrum.
Further, the rejection vertical airflow processing comprises: the reflectivity weighting speed obtained according to the raindrop spectrum actually measured by the two-dimensional video raindrop spectrometer is as follows:
Figure BDA0002936779210000022
wherein vt (D) (m/s) is the falling end speed of the raindrop with the diameter of D (mm), and N (D) (mm) -1 m -3 ) Indicates the number of raindrops having an inner diameter per unit volume between D- (D + dD), σ b (D) (mm) 2 ) Is a back scattering cross section of the raindrop; and (3) solving the average speed of the micro precipitation radar by using the Doppler velocity spectrum in the third range bin observed by the micro precipitation radar:
Figure BDA0002936779210000023
wherein eta (v) is the radar reflectivity of the precipitation signal spectrum after the de-folding, and v is the average speed (m/s) in the corresponding speed gear; to V c,MRR And V of raindrop spectrograph based on two-dimensional video c,2DVD The spectrum with the speed difference exceeding +/-0.2 m/s is subjected to vertical airflow correction to obtain a precipitation speed spectrum.
Further, the inverting comprises: and obtaining a raindrop spectrum according to the relation between the particle speed and the diameter and the backscattering section of the raindrop.
According to another aspect of the invention, a system for inverting a raindrop spectrum is provided, wherein the raindrop spectrum inversion is performed by adopting the method for inverting the raindrop spectrum according to any one of the above schemes.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the method for inverting the raindrop spectrum is obtained by calculation according to the raindrop spectrum actually observed, a raindrop spectrum distribution function model does not need to be assumed in advance, any empirical relation is not relied on, the condition that MRR can only be used for measuring lamellar cloud rainfall with small vertical airflow is overcome, and the accuracy of inverting the DSD of natural rainfall by MRR is improved.
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Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of inverting a raindrop spectrum according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It is to be understood that these descriptions are only illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
In the drawings a schematic view of a layer structure according to an embodiment of the invention is shown. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity. The shapes of various regions, layers, and relative sizes and positional relationships therebetween shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, as actually required.
It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like elements are denoted by like reference numerals throughout the various figures. For purposes of clarity, the various features in the drawings are not drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of inverting a raindrop spectrum according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for inverting a raindrop spectrum, including:
s1, denoising the Doppler spectrum to obtain a precipitation signal spectrum.
And S2, carrying out unfolding processing on the precipitation signal spectrum to obtain the unfolded precipitation signal spectrum.
And S3, performing vertical airflow correction treatment on the folded precipitation signal spectrum to obtain a precipitation velocity spectrum. In the case of liquid precipitation and no vertical airflow (negative in the ascending direction and positive in the descending direction), the unambiguous velocity range for MRR detection is 0 to 12m/s. When observed Doppler velocity (V) D ) Beyond the MRR fixed nyquist rate boundary, rate folding ("aliasing") occurs. V of more than 12m/s D V lower than 0m/s, appearing at the lower end of the velocity spectrum D Will appear at the high end of the velocity spectrum. Assuming we apply the antialiasing procedure to the spectrum of the jth range bin, we first construct a triplet of spectra from-12 to 24 m/s: consisting of the spectrum of the jth range bin, the power spectra measured in its previous bin (j-1) and its subsequent bin (j + 1). Next, the velocity position corresponding to the peak of the spectrum of the jth range bin (corresponding to velocities 0 to 12 m/s) is determined. Then, starting from the peak point position, searching the starting point of the spectrum in the distance library, wherein the starting point (end point) position is the point of which the power value between the peak points of the jth library and the (j-1)/j + 1) th library is lower than the noise level, if the starting point (end point) position does not exist, the position of the minimum value of the corresponding spectrum is taken, and therefore the left (right) end point of the power spectrum after the unfolding is determined. The above operation is repeated to perform unfolding processing on each library.
And S4, inverting the precipitation velocity spectrum to obtain a raindrop spectrum.
The 'speed difference method' needs to estimate the size of vertical airflow by using the difference between the reflectivity weighted average speed obtained by a two-dimensional video raindrop spectrometer (2 DVD) and the Doppler speed of MRR near the ground, then subtracts the vertical airflow from the Doppler speed obtained by the MRR so as to obtain the falling end speed of precipitation particles, and finally, the raindrop spectrum can be inverted by using the relation between the falling end speed of raindrops and the raindrop diameter.
The method for inverting the raindrop spectrum is obtained by calculation according to the raindrop spectrum actually observed, a raindrop spectrum distribution function model does not need to be assumed in advance, any empirical relation is not relied on, the condition that MRR can only be used for measuring lamellar cloud rainfall with small vertical airflow is overcome, and the accuracy of inverting the DSD of natural rainfall by MRR is improved.
In an alternative embodiment, the denoising process may include: the spectrum with the highest power worth within each range bin is removed, and the ratio r of the square of the mean (E) and the variance (V) of the remaining spectra is found, through a circular recursion, until the following condition is satisfied:
Figure BDA0002936779210000051
wherein n is the effective number of original spectrums; marking the decreasing spectrum as a precipitation signal spectrum starting from the maximum of the averaged values (E) of the remaining spectra; and circularly recursing the non-decreasing spectrum until the average value E is larger than the average value calculated last time and marking as the precipitation signal spectrum.
In an alternative embodiment, the micro-precipitation radar can provide 31 vertical range bins, and the length of each range bin can be set to be 10-1000m according to actual requirements.
In an alternative embodiment, each range bin is 30-100m long.
In an alternative embodiment, n is taken to be 57 or 58 in the 10s original spectrum of the micro precipitation radar. Averaging the rest spectrums to obtain a value which is the noise size in the distance library, and preliminarily judging the spectrums which are larger than the noise level in the power spectrums as precipitation signal spectrums. Then, starting from the maximum of the signal spectrum, as long as the average of the rest of the spectrum is decreasing, the power spectrum is labeled as the water signal spectrum and the remaining power spectrum is recurred cyclically until the average of the remaining spectrum is greater than the last calculated average, and the complete precipitation signal spectrum is determined.
In an alternative embodiment, the unfolding process may include: applying a de-aliasing procedure to the spectra of the range bins; determining a speed position corresponding to a peak value of a spectrum of the distance library; searching for a starting point of a spectrum within the range bin starting from the velocity location; and determining left and right end points of the spectrum power spectrum of the precipitation signal according to the starting point of the spectrum in the distance library.
In an alternative embodiment, the removing vertical airflow processing on the unfolded precipitation signal spectrum may include: and determining the left end point and the right end point of each distance library, and performing unfolding processing to obtain an unfolded precipitation signal spectrum.
In an alternative embodiment, the rejection vertical airflow processing may include: the reflectivity weighting speed obtained according to the raindrop spectrum actually measured by the two-dimensional video raindrop spectrometer is as follows:
Figure BDA0002936779210000061
wherein vt (D) (m/s) is the falling end speed of the raindrop with the diameter D (mm), and N (D) (mm) -1 m -3 ) Represents the number of raindrops having an inner diameter per unit volume of D- (D + dD), σ b (D) (mm) 2 ) Is a back scattering cross section of the raindrop; and (3) solving the average speed of the micro precipitation radar by using the Doppler velocity spectrum in the third range bin observed by the micro precipitation radar:
Figure BDA0002936779210000062
wherein eta (v) is the radar reflectivity of the precipitation signal spectrum after the de-folding, and v is the average speed (m/s) in the corresponding speed gear; to V c,MRR And V of raindrop spectrograph based on two-dimensional video c,2DVD The vertical airflow correction is carried out on the spectrum with the speed difference exceeding +/-0.2 m/s, and a precipitation speed spectrum is obtained.
Where η (V) is the radar reflectivity of the velocity spectrum obtained after unfolding, V is the average velocity (m/s) in the corresponding velocity bin, and V is c,MRR Independent of attenuation and radar calibration errors. V assuming no significant change in the updraft/downdraft below 1km c,MRR Should be equal to V from two-dimensional video raindrop spectrometer c,2DVD . However, because of the existence of the rising/sinking air flow, the velocity difference exists between the rising/sinking air flow and is caused by the vertical air flow, and the vertical air flow correction is carried out on the power spectrum of which the velocity difference exceeds +/-0.2 m/s by using the method.
In an alternative embodiment, the inversion may include: and obtaining a raindrop spectrum according to the relation between the particle speed and the diameter and the backscattering cross section of the raindrop.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a system for inverting a raindrop spectrum is provided, and the raindrop spectrum inversion is performed by the method for inverting a raindrop spectrum according to any one of the above solutions.
The invention aims to protect a method and a system for inverting a raindrop spectrum, which comprise the following steps: denoising the Doppler spectrum to obtain a precipitation signal spectrum; carrying out unfolding processing on the precipitation signal spectrum to obtain an unfolded precipitation signal spectrum; carrying out vertical airflow correction treatment on the folded rainfall signal spectrum to obtain a rainfall velocity spectrum; and inverting the precipitation velocity spectrum to obtain a raindrop spectrum. The method for inverting the raindrop spectrum is obtained by calculation according to the raindrop spectrum actually observed, a raindrop spectrum distribution function model does not need to be assumed in advance, any empirical relation is not relied on, the condition that MRR can only be used for measuring lamellar cloud rainfall with small vertical airflow is overcome, and the accuracy of inverting the DSD of natural rainfall by MRR is improved.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like which are made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.

Claims (7)

1. A method of inverting a raindrop spectrum, comprising:
denoising the Doppler spectrum to obtain a precipitation signal spectrum;
carrying out unfolding processing on the precipitation signal spectrum to obtain an unfolded precipitation signal spectrum;
performing vertical airflow correction treatment on the folded precipitation signal spectrum to obtain a precipitation velocity spectrum;
inverting the precipitation velocity spectrum to obtain a raindrop spectrum;
wherein the unfolding process comprises: applying a de-aliasing procedure to the spectra of all range bins; determining a speed position corresponding to a peak value of a spectrum of the distance library; searching for a starting point of a spectrum within the range bin starting from the velocity location; and determining left and right end points of the power spectrum of the precipitation signal spectrum according to the starting point of the spectrum in the distance library.
2. The method of inverting the raindrop spectrum according to claim 1, wherein the denoising process comprises:
removing the spectrum with the highest power value in each range bin, taking the ratio r of the square of the mean (E) and the variance (V) of the remaining spectra, through a circular recursion, until the following condition is satisfied:
Figure FDA0003850155490000011
wherein n is the effective number of the original spectrum;
marking the decreasing spectra as precipitation signal spectra starting from the maximum of the averaged values (E) of the remaining spectra;
and circularly recursing the non-decreasing spectrum until the average value E is larger than the average value calculated last time and marking as the precipitation signal spectrum.
3. The method of inverting a raindrop spectrum according to claim 2,
in the 10s original spectrum of the micro precipitation radar, n is 57 or 58.
4. The method of inverting the raindrop spectra of claim 3, wherein the vertical airflow correction processing of the unfolded precipitation signal spectra comprises:
and determining the left end point and the right end point of each distance library, and performing unfolding processing to obtain an unfolded precipitation signal spectrum.
5. The method of inverting a raindrop spectrum according to claim 1, wherein the vertical airflow correction process comprises:
the reflectivity weighting speed obtained according to the raindrop spectrum actually measured by the two-dimensional video raindrop spectrometer is as follows:
Figure FDA0003850155490000021
wherein vt (D) (m/s) is the falling end speed of the raindrop with the diameter of D (mm), and N (D) (mm) -1 m -3 ) Represents the number of raindrops having an inner diameter per unit volume of D- (D + dD), σ b (D) (mm) 2 ) Is a back scattering cross section of the raindrop;
and (3) solving the average speed of the micro precipitation radar by using the Doppler velocity spectrum in the third range bin observed by the micro precipitation radar:
Figure FDA0003850155490000022
wherein eta (v) is the radar reflectivity of the precipitation signal spectrum after the de-folding, and v is the average speed (m/s) in the corresponding speed gear;
to V c,MRR And V of raindrop spectrograph based on two-dimensional video c,2DVD The spectrum with the speed difference exceeding +/-0.2 m/s is subjected to vertical airflow correction to obtain a precipitation speed spectrum.
6. The method of inverting a raindrop spectrum according to claim 1, wherein the inverting comprises:
and obtaining a raindrop spectrum according to the relation between the particle speed and the diameter and the backscattering cross section of the raindrop.
7. A system for inverting a raindrop spectrum, characterized in that raindrop spectrum inversion is performed by using the method for inverting a raindrop spectrum according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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