CN112859031A - Method and system for inverting raindrop spectrum - Google Patents
Method and system for inverting raindrop spectrum Download PDFInfo
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- CN112859031A CN112859031A CN202110163921.XA CN202110163921A CN112859031A CN 112859031 A CN112859031 A CN 112859031A CN 202110163921 A CN202110163921 A CN 202110163921A CN 112859031 A CN112859031 A CN 112859031A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for inverting a raindrop spectrum, which comprise the following steps: denoising the Doppler spectrum to obtain a precipitation signal spectrum; carrying out unfolding processing on the precipitation signal spectrum to obtain an unfolded precipitation signal spectrum; carrying out vertical airflow correction treatment on the folded rainfall signal spectrum to obtain a rainfall velocity spectrum; and inverting the precipitation velocity spectrum to obtain a raindrop spectrum. The method for inverting the raindrop spectrum is obtained by calculation according to the raindrop spectrum actually observed, a raindrop spectrum distribution function model does not need to be assumed in advance, any empirical relation is not relied on, the condition that MRR can only be used for measuring lamellar cloud rainfall with small vertical airflow is overcome, and the accuracy of inverting the DSD of natural rainfall by MRR is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atmospheric science and environmental science, and particularly relates to a method and a system for inverting a raindrop spectrum.
Background
Micro Rain Radar (MRR) is a vertically-oriented frequency modulated continuous wave (FM-CW) doppler Radar, and compared with a pulse Radar, MRR has higher sensitivity and spatial-temporal resolution. However, because the MRR is affected by the vertical airflow, the estimation of the particle falling end speed is biased, so that the accuracy of the MRR for inverting the raindrop spectrum (DSD) is affected, and the application of the MRR in convection cloud rainfall with large vertical airflow is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Objects of the invention
The present invention is directed to a method and system for inverting a raindrop spectrum to solve the above problems.
(II) technical scheme
To solve the above problem, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for inverting a raindrop spectrum, including: denoising the Doppler spectrum to obtain a precipitation signal spectrum; carrying out unfolding processing on the precipitation signal spectrum to obtain an unfolded precipitation signal spectrum; carrying out vertical airflow correction treatment on the folded rainfall signal spectrum to obtain a rainfall velocity spectrum; and inverting the precipitation velocity spectrum to obtain a raindrop spectrum.
Further, the denoising process includes: the spectrum with the highest power worth within each range bin is removed, and the ratio r of the square of the mean (E) and the variance (V) of the remaining spectra is found, through a circular recursion, until the following condition is satisfied:
wherein n is the effective number of the original spectrum; marking the decreasing spectra as precipitation signal spectra starting from the maximum of the averaged values (E) of the remaining spectra; and circularly recursing the non-decreasing spectrum until the average value E is larger than the average value calculated last time and marking as the precipitation signal spectrum.
Further, in the 10s original spectrum of the micro-precipitation radar, n is taken as 57 or 58.
Further, the unfolding process includes: applying a de-aliasing procedure to the spectra of the range bins; determining a speed position corresponding to a peak value of a spectrum of the distance library; searching for a starting point of a spectrum within the range bin starting from the velocity location; and determining left and right end points of the spectrum power spectrum of the precipitation signal according to the starting point of the spectrum in the distance library.
Further, the removing vertical airflow processing of the collapsed precipitation signal spectrum comprises: and determining the left end point and the right end point of each distance library, and performing unfolding processing to obtain a folded precipitation signal spectrum.
Further, the rejection vertical airflow processing comprises: the reflectivity weighting speed obtained according to the raindrop spectrum actually measured by the two-dimensional video raindrop spectrometer is as follows:
wherein eta (v) is the radar reflectivity of the precipitation signal spectrum after the de-folding, and v is the average speed (m/s) in the corresponding speed gear; to Vc,MRRAnd V of raindrop spectrograph based on two-dimensional videoc,2DVDThe vertical airflow correction is carried out on the spectrum with the speed difference exceeding +/-0.2 m/s, and a precipitation speed spectrum is obtained.
Further, the inverting comprises: and obtaining a raindrop spectrum according to the relation between the particle speed and the diameter and the backscattering section of the raindrop.
According to another aspect of the invention, a system for inverting a raindrop spectrum is provided, wherein the raindrop spectrum inversion is performed by adopting the method for inverting the raindrop spectrum according to any one of the above schemes.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the method for inverting the raindrop spectrum is obtained by calculation according to the raindrop spectrum actually observed, a raindrop spectrum distribution function model does not need to be assumed in advance, any empirical relation is not relied on, the condition that MRR can only be used for measuring lamellar cloud rainfall with small vertical airflow is overcome, and the accuracy of inverting the DSD of natural rainfall by MRR is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of inverting a raindrop spectrum according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
In the drawings a schematic view of a layer structure according to an embodiment of the invention is shown. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity. The shapes of various regions, layers, and relative sizes and positional relationships therebetween shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, as actually required.
It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like elements in the various figures are denoted by like reference numerals. For purposes of clarity, the various features in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of inverting a raindrop spectrum according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for inverting a raindrop spectrum, including:
and S1, denoising the Doppler spectrum to obtain a precipitation signal spectrum.
And S2, carrying out unfolding processing on the precipitation signal spectrum to obtain an unfolded precipitation signal spectrum.
And S3, performing vertical airflow correction treatment on the unfolded precipitation signal spectrum to obtain a precipitation velocity spectrum. Under the condition of liquid precipitation and no vertical airflow (negative in the ascending direction and positive in the descending direction), the unambiguous speed range detected by the MRR is 0-12 m/s. When observed Doppler velocity (V)D) Beyond the MRR fixed nyquist speed boundary, speed folding ("aliasing") occurs. V of more than 12m/sDV lower than 0m/s, appearing at the lower end of the velocity spectrumDWill appear at the high end of the velocity spectrum. Assuming we apply the antialiasing procedure to the spectrum of the jth range bin, we first construct a triplet of spectra from-12-24 m/s: consisting of the spectrum of the jth range bin, the power spectrum measured from its previous bin (j-1) and its next bin (j + 1). Then, the speed position corresponding to the peak value of the spectrum of the jth distance library (corresponding to the speed of 0-12 m/s) is determined. Then, starting from the peak point position, the starting point of the spectrum in the distance bin is searched, and the position of the starting point (end point) is the jth bin sumAnd (3) a point of which the power value between the peak points of the (j-1)/j +1) th library is lower than the noise level, if the point does not exist, the position of the minimum value of the corresponding spectrum is taken, and therefore the left (right) end point of the power spectrum after the unfolding is determined. The above operation is repeated to perform unfolding processing on each library.
And S4, inverting the precipitation velocity spectrum to obtain a raindrop spectrum.
The 'speed difference method' needs to estimate the size of vertical airflow by using the difference between the reflectivity weighted average speed obtained by a two-dimensional video raindrop spectrometer (2DVD) and the Doppler speed of MRR near the ground, then subtracts the vertical airflow from the Doppler speed obtained by the MRR so as to obtain the falling end speed of precipitation particles, and finally, the raindrop spectrum can be inverted by using the relation between the falling end speed of raindrops and the diameter of the raindrops.
The method for inverting the raindrop spectrum is obtained by calculation according to the raindrop spectrum actually observed, a raindrop spectrum distribution function model does not need to be assumed in advance, any empirical relation is not relied on, the condition that MRR can only be used for measuring lamellar cloud rainfall with small vertical airflow is overcome, and the accuracy of inverting the DSD of natural rainfall by MRR is improved.
In an alternative embodiment, the denoising process may include: the spectrum with the highest power worth within each range bin is removed, and the ratio r of the square of the mean (E) and the variance (V) of the remaining spectra is found, through a circular recursion, until the following condition is satisfied:
wherein n is the effective number of the original spectrum; marking the decreasing spectra as precipitation signal spectra starting from the maximum of the averaged values (E) of the remaining spectra; and circularly recursing the non-decreasing spectrum until the average value E is larger than the average value calculated last time and marking as the precipitation signal spectrum.
In an alternative embodiment, the micro-precipitation radar can provide 31 vertical range bin observations, and the length of each range bin can be set to 10-1000m according to actual requirements.
In an alternative embodiment, each range bin is 30-100m long.
In an alternative embodiment, in the 10s original spectrum of the micro-precipitation radar, n is taken as 57 or 58. Averaging the rest spectrums to obtain a value which is the noise size in the distance library, and preliminarily judging the spectrums larger than the noise level in the power spectrums as precipitation signal spectrums. Then, starting from the maximum of the signal spectrum, as long as the average of the rest of the spectrum is decreasing, the power spectrum is marked as the water signal spectrum and the remaining power spectra are recurred cyclically until the average of the remaining spectra is greater than the last calculated average, and the complete precipitation signal spectrum is determined.
In an alternative embodiment, the unfolding process may include: applying a de-aliasing procedure to the spectra of the range bins; determining a speed position corresponding to a peak value of a spectrum of the distance library; searching for a starting point of a spectrum within the range bin starting from the velocity location; and determining left and right end points of the spectrum power spectrum of the precipitation signal according to the starting point of the spectrum in the distance library.
In an alternative embodiment, the removing vertical airflow processing of the desqued precipitation signal spectrum may include: and determining the left end point and the right end point of each distance library, and performing unfolding processing to obtain a folded precipitation signal spectrum.
In an alternative embodiment, the rejection vertical airflow processing may include: the reflectivity weighting speed obtained according to the raindrop spectrum actually measured by the two-dimensional video raindrop spectrometer is as follows:
wherein vt (D) (m/s) is the falling end speed of the raindrop with the diameter D (mm), and N (D) (mm)-1m-3) Represents the number of raindrops having an inner diameter per unit volume of D- (D + dD), σ b (D) (mm)2) Is a back scattering cross section of the raindrop; and (3) solving the average speed of the micro precipitation radar by using the Doppler velocity spectrum in the third range bin observed by the micro precipitation radar:
wherein eta (v) is the radar reflectivity of the precipitation signal spectrum after the de-folding, and v is the average speed (m/s) in the corresponding speed gear; to Vc,MRRAnd V of raindrop spectrograph based on two-dimensional videoc,2DVDThe vertical airflow correction is carried out on the spectrum with the speed difference exceeding +/-0.2 m/s, and a precipitation speed spectrum is obtained.
Where η (V) is the radar reflectivity of the velocity spectrum obtained after unfolding, V is the average velocity (m/s) in the corresponding velocity bin, and V isc,MRRIndependent of attenuation and radar calibration errors. V assuming no significant change in the updraft/downdraft below 1kmc,MRRShould be equal to V of raindrop spectrometer by two-dimensional videoc,2DVD. However, because of the existence of the rising/sinking air flow, the velocity difference exists between the rising/sinking air flow and is caused by the vertical air flow, and the vertical air flow correction is carried out on the power spectrum of which the velocity difference exceeds +/-0.2 m/s by using the method.
In an alternative embodiment, the inversion may comprise: and obtaining a raindrop spectrum according to the relation between the particle speed and the diameter and the backscattering section of the raindrop.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a system for inverting a raindrop spectrum is provided, wherein the raindrop spectrum inversion is performed by any one of the above methods for inverting a raindrop spectrum.
The invention aims to protect a method and a system for inverting a raindrop spectrum, which comprise the following steps: denoising the Doppler spectrum to obtain a precipitation signal spectrum; carrying out unfolding processing on the precipitation signal spectrum to obtain an unfolded precipitation signal spectrum; carrying out vertical airflow correction treatment on the folded rainfall signal spectrum to obtain a rainfall velocity spectrum; and inverting the precipitation velocity spectrum to obtain a raindrop spectrum. The method for inverting the raindrop spectrum is obtained by calculation according to the raindrop spectrum actually observed, a raindrop spectrum distribution function model does not need to be assumed in advance, any empirical relation is not relied on, the condition that MRR can only be used for measuring lamellar cloud rainfall with small vertical airflow is overcome, and the accuracy of inverting the DSD of natural rainfall by MRR is improved.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (8)
1. A method of inverting a raindrop spectrum, comprising:
denoising the Doppler spectrum to obtain a precipitation signal spectrum;
carrying out unfolding processing on the precipitation signal spectrum to obtain an unfolded precipitation signal spectrum;
carrying out vertical airflow correction treatment on the folded rainfall signal spectrum to obtain a rainfall velocity spectrum;
and inverting the precipitation velocity spectrum to obtain a raindrop spectrum.
2. The method of inverting a raindrop spectrum according to claim 1, wherein the denoising process comprises:
the spectrum with the highest power worth within each range bin is removed, and the ratio r of the square of the mean (E) and the variance (V) of the remaining spectra is found, through a circular recursion, until the following condition is satisfied:
wherein n is the effective number of the original spectrum;
marking the decreasing spectra as precipitation signal spectra starting from the maximum of the averaged values (E) of the remaining spectra;
and circularly recursing the non-decreasing spectrum until the average value E is larger than the average value calculated last time and marking as the precipitation signal spectrum.
3. The method of inverting a raindrop spectrum according to claim 2,
in the 10s original spectrum of the micro-precipitation radar, n is taken as 57 or 58.
4. The method of inverting a raindrop spectrum according to claim 1, wherein the unfolding process comprises:
applying a de-aliasing procedure to the spectra of all range bins;
determining a speed position corresponding to a peak value of a spectrum of the distance library;
searching for a starting point of a spectrum within the range bin starting from the velocity location;
and determining left and right end points of the spectrum power spectrum of the precipitation signal according to the starting point of the spectrum in the distance library.
5. The method of inverting the raindrop spectrum according to claim 4, wherein the removing vertical airflow processing of the unfolded precipitation signal spectrum comprises:
and determining the left end point and the right end point of each distance library, and performing unfolding processing to obtain a folded precipitation signal spectrum.
6. The method of inverting a raindrop spectrum according to claim 1, wherein the rejection vertical air flow processing comprises:
the reflectivity weighting speed obtained according to the raindrop spectrum actually measured by the two-dimensional video raindrop spectrometer is as follows:
wherein vt (D) (m/s) is the falling end speed of the raindrop with the diameter D (mm), and N (D) (mm)-1m-3) Representing rain having an internal diameter per unit volume between D- (D + dD)Number of drops,. sigma.b (D) (mm)2) Is a back scattering cross section of the raindrop;
and (3) solving the average speed of the micro precipitation radar by using the Doppler velocity spectrum in the third range bin observed by the micro precipitation radar:
wherein eta (v) is the radar reflectivity of the precipitation signal spectrum after the de-folding, and v is the average speed (m/s) in the corresponding speed gear;
to Vc,MRRAnd V of raindrop spectrograph based on two-dimensional videoc,2DVDThe vertical airflow correction is carried out on the spectrum with the speed difference exceeding +/-0.2 m/s, and a precipitation speed spectrum is obtained.
7. The method of inverting a raindrop spectrum according to claim 1, wherein the inverting comprises:
and obtaining a raindrop spectrum according to the relation between the particle speed and the diameter and the backscattering section of the raindrop.
8. A system for inverting a raindrop spectrum, characterized in that raindrop spectrum inversion is performed by using the method for inverting a raindrop spectrum according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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