CN112946482A - Battery voltage estimation method, device, equipment and storage medium based on model - Google Patents
Battery voltage estimation method, device, equipment and storage medium based on model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a model-based battery voltage estimation method, a model-based battery voltage estimation device, a model-based battery voltage estimation equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring state information of a battery; inquiring a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value; inquiring a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient; and calculating the battery terminal voltage according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value and the target compensation coefficient. According to the technical scheme, the battery voltage hysteresis compensation can be performed on the battery based on the battery voltage hysteresis phenomenon of the battery at different temperatures and different SOC, and the voltage of the battery can be accurately calculated.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of power battery management, in particular to a battery voltage estimation method, device, equipment and storage medium based on a model.
Background
With the increasingly prominent environmental and energy problems, new energy vehicles have become a research hotspot of manufacturers and research and development institutions of various vehicles in the world, a power battery is a key point of the development of new energy vehicles, and State of Charge (SOC) estimation of the power battery is a core problem in a battery management system. The accurate estimation of the state of charge of the battery is beneficial to a vehicle to make a proper control strategy, so that the service life of the battery is prolonged.
Currently, there are two general methods for estimating SOC: firstly, the SOC estimation is performed based on ampere-hour integration, and the estimation accuracy is poor due to the accumulation of errors of the current sensor. And secondly, joint estimation is carried out based on ampere-hour integration and a battery model, while the existing battery model cannot solve the problem of battery hysteresis, and meanwhile, the related parameters are more and are not suitable for estimating the battery voltage on line.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a model-based battery voltage estimation method, a model-based battery voltage estimation device, a model-based battery voltage estimation equipment and a storage medium, so that the battery voltage can be subjected to hysteresis compensation of electromotive force based on the battery voltage hysteresis phenomenon of the battery at different temperatures and different SOC (state of charge), and the voltage of the battery can be accurately calculated.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for estimating a battery voltage based on a model, including:
acquiring state information of a battery;
inquiring a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value;
inquiring a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient;
and calculating the battery terminal voltage according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value, the target compensation coefficient and a battery voltage model.
Further, the acquiring the state information of the battery includes:
acquiring current charge and discharge state information, current temperature information, a first target value, a second target value, current charge state information and ideal voltage corresponding to the current charge state information of a battery;
the first target value is a current accumulated value of the battery in a first time, the second target value is a current accumulated value of the battery in a second time, and the second time is longer than the first time.
Further, the querying a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value includes:
if the current charging and discharging state information is a charging state, inquiring a charging voltage compensation table according to the current temperature information and the current charging state information to determine a first target voltage compensation value;
and if the current charge-discharge state information is in a discharge state, inquiring a discharge voltage compensation table according to the current temperature information and the current charge state information to determine a second target voltage compensation value.
Further, the querying a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient includes:
acquiring a compensation coefficient table;
and determining a compensation coefficient by querying the compensation coefficient table according to the first target value and the second target value.
Further, the calculating a battery terminal voltage according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value and the target compensation coefficient includes:
wherein U is the battery terminal voltage, Uocv(SOC) is an ideal voltage corresponding to the current state of charge information SOC, Uc(T, SOC) is a first target voltage compensation value U corresponding to the current temperature information T and the current SOC information SOC in the charging stated(T, SOC) is a second target voltage compensation value corresponding to the current temperature information T and the current state of charge information SOC in a discharging state, F (C1, C2) is a compensation coefficient corresponding to the first target value C1 and the second target value C2, I is a current, R is a voltage0Is ohmInternal resistance, UpIs the cell polarization voltage.
Further, before querying a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value, the method further includes:
acquiring an ideal voltage corresponding to at least one charge state information of the battery;
acquiring a first voltage corresponding to at least one piece of charge state information of a battery in a discharging process, and determining a discharging voltage compensation table according to a first difference value between the first voltage and the ideal voltage;
and acquiring a second voltage corresponding to at least one piece of charge state information of the battery in the charging process, and determining a charging voltage compensation table according to a second difference value between the second voltage and the ideal voltage.
Further, before querying a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient, the method further includes:
acquiring a first ampere-hour accumulated value, a second ampere-hour accumulated value and a standard voltage hysteresis value;
determining a predicted voltage hysteresis value according to the first ampere-hour accumulated value and the second ampere-hour accumulated value;
determining a compensation coefficient according to the ratio of the standard voltage hysteresis value to the predicted voltage hysteresis value;
and determining a compensation coefficient table according to at least one compensation coefficient.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a model-based battery voltage estimation apparatus, including:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the state information of the battery;
the first determining module is used for querying a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value;
the second determining module is used for inquiring a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient;
and the calculation module is used for calculating the battery terminal voltage according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value and the target compensation coefficient.
Further, the obtaining module is specifically configured to:
acquiring current charge and discharge state information, current temperature information, a first target value, a second target value, current charge state information and ideal voltage corresponding to the current charge state information of a battery;
the first target value is a current accumulated value of the battery in a first time, the second target value is a current accumulated value of the battery in a second time, and the second time is longer than the first time.
Further, the first determining module includes:
a first determining unit, configured to query a charging voltage compensation table according to the current temperature information and the current state of charge information to determine a first target voltage compensation value if the current charging/discharging state information is a charging state;
and the second determining unit is used for inquiring a discharge voltage compensation table according to the current temperature information and the current charge state information to determine a second target voltage compensation value if the current charge-discharge state information is in a discharge state.
Further, the second determining module includes:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a compensation coefficient table;
a third determination unit configured to determine a compensation coefficient by referring to the compensation coefficient table according to the first target value and the second target value.
Further, the calculation module is specifically configured to:
wherein U is the battery terminal voltage, Uocv(SOC) is an ideal voltage corresponding to the current state of charge information SOC, Uc(T, SOC) is a first target voltage compensation value U corresponding to the current temperature information T and the current SOC information SOC in the charging stated(T, SOC) is that the current temperature information T and the current state of charge information SOC in the discharging state correspond to each otherF (C1, C2) is a compensation coefficient corresponding to the first target value C1 and the second target value C2, I is a current, R is a voltage0Is ohmic internal resistance, UpIs the cell polarization voltage.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring an ideal voltage corresponding to at least one piece of charge state information of the battery before the voltage compensation table is inquired according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value;
the third determining module is used for acquiring a first voltage corresponding to at least one piece of charge state information of the battery in the discharging process, and determining a discharging voltage compensation table according to a first difference value between the first voltage and the ideal voltage;
and the fourth determining module is used for acquiring a second voltage corresponding to at least one piece of charge state information of the battery in the charging process, and determining a charging voltage compensation table according to a second difference value between the second voltage and the ideal voltage.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
the third acquisition module is used for acquiring the first ampere-hour accumulated value, the second ampere-hour accumulated value and the standard voltage hysteresis value before inquiring the compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient;
a fifth determining module, configured to determine a predicted voltage hysteresis value according to the first ampere-hour accumulated value and the second ampere-hour accumulated value;
a sixth determining module, configured to determine a compensation coefficient according to a ratio of the standard voltage hysteresis value to the predicted voltage hysteresis value;
and the seventh determining module is used for determining a compensation coefficient table according to at least one compensation coefficient.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor executes the computer program to implement the model-based battery voltage estimation method according to any one of the embodiments of the present invention.
In a fourth aspect, the embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor, implements the model-based battery voltage estimation method according to any one of the embodiments of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention obtains the state information of the battery; inquiring a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value; inquiring a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient; and calculating the terminal voltage of the battery according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value and the target compensation coefficient, solving the problem that the predicted battery voltage is inaccurate due to the fact that the battery hysteresis phenomenon is not comprehensively considered in the prior art, realizing the hysteresis compensation of the electromotive force of the battery based on the battery voltage hysteresis phenomenon of the battery at different temperatures and different SOCs, and accurately calculating the voltage of the battery.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for model-based battery voltage estimation according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a model-based battery voltage estimation method according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of a voltage compensation table according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of a compensation coefficient table according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2c is a diagram of a battery voltage model architecture according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a model-based battery voltage estimation apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for estimating a battery voltage based on a model according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method is applicable to estimating a battery terminal voltage of a vehicle online, and the method may be implemented by a device for estimating a battery voltage based on a model according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the device may be implemented in software and/or hardware, as shown in fig. 1, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
and S110, acquiring the state information of the battery.
The State information of the battery is information indicating a current use State of the battery, and may be, for example, a battery Charge/discharge State, a battery temperature, a battery State of Charge (SOC), an ideal voltage of the battery, a current flowing through the battery, an ohmic internal resistance, and a polarization voltage. The SOC represents the remaining capacity of the battery, and may be expressed in percentage. The ideal voltage of the battery represents the open-circuit voltage corresponding to different SOCs of a new battery in a standard state.
Specifically, the mode of acquiring the state information of the battery may be to measure the terminal voltage, current, temperature, ohmic internal resistance, polarization voltage and other information of the battery during operation by using a sensor, and transmit the state information through the CAN busThe battery is monitored by a main controller which is transmitted to a battery management system BMS; the ideal voltage of the battery may be obtained by querying the pre-stored ideal open-circuit voltage U corresponding to different SOCs of the batteryocvAnd (SOC) data table obtains ideal open-circuit voltage corresponding to the current SOC of the battery. The embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
And S120, inquiring a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value.
Because the terminal voltage of the battery is based on different charging and discharging processes, a hysteresis phenomenon exists in the relatively stable open-circuit voltage, and the hysteresis phenomenon refers to that the open-circuit voltage OCV is different after the battery is respectively charged and discharged with the same current and is kept for a certain time at the same SOC point. And different temperatures and different SOCs have different influences on the hysteresis of the battery voltage, so the voltage hysteresis value needs to be calculated according to the battery temperature and the battery SOC, and the voltage of the power battery needs to be corrected.
Specifically, a charging voltage compensation table and a discharging voltage compensation table are established through a battery charging and discharging experiment, and the voltage compensation table is searched according to the current charging and discharging state, the current temperature information and the current charge state information of the battery to determine a target voltage compensation value.
And S130, inquiring a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient.
Since the charging and discharging states of the battery have different influences on the hysteresis phenomenon of the battery voltage, it is necessary to compensate the open-circuit voltage of the battery according to the charging and discharging degrees of the battery. In addition, when the vehicle runs, the battery is continuously switched between the charging process and the discharging process, the charging and discharging states of the battery in a long time and a short time are possibly different, and the influence on the voltage hysteresis phenomenon of the battery is also different. Therefore, the compensation coefficient indicates a degree of compensation of the influence of the charge and discharge degree of the battery on the voltage hysteresis phenomenon.
Specifically, the compensation coefficient table is queried according to the charge-discharge current accumulated value of the battery in a long time and the charge-discharge current accumulated value of the battery in a short time to determine a target compensation coefficient, and different voltage hysteresis errors corresponding to different battery charge-discharge states are reasonably compensated through the compensation coefficient.
And S140, calculating the battery terminal voltage according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value, the target compensation coefficient and a battery voltage model.
Specifically, based on the basic principle of the battery voltage, a battery voltage model is established according to state information of ideal voltage, current flowing through the battery, ohmic internal resistance, polarization voltage and the like of the battery and a target voltage compensation value and a target compensation coefficient corresponding to the current battery state of charge (SOC), and the battery terminal voltage is calculated based on the battery voltage model.
Optionally, the battery voltage model includes:
wherein U is the battery terminal voltage, Uocv(SOC) is the ideal voltage, U, corresponding to the current state of charge informationc(T, SOC) is a first target voltage compensation value U corresponding to the current temperature information T and the current SOC information SOC in the charging stated(T, SOC) is a second target voltage compensation value corresponding to the current temperature information T and the current state of charge information SOC in a discharging state, F (C1, C2) is a compensation coefficient corresponding to the first target value C1 and the second target value C2, I is a current, R is a voltage0Is ohmic internal resistance, UpIs the cell polarization voltage.
Calculating the polarization voltage U of the battery based on the characteristic parameters of the equivalent circuit of the batterypThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, Up,t+1Calculated polarization voltage for the current cycle, Up,tThe polarization voltage calculated for the previous period,. DELTA.t is the time interval of the discrete times,. tau.is the time constant of RC, RpIs the polarization resistance.
U in the voltage model provided by the embodiment of the inventionc(T, SOC) and Ud(T, SOC) taking into full account the batteryThe influence of the cell voltage hysteresis effect of different charge states on the accuracy of cell voltage estimation at different temperatures is fully considered by F (C1, C2), so that the voltage accuracy estimated based on the cell voltage model is improved.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the state information of the battery is acquired; inquiring a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value; inquiring a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient; and calculating the terminal voltage of the battery according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value and the target compensation coefficient, performing hysteresis compensation on the electromotive force of the battery based on the battery voltage hysteresis phenomenon of the battery at different temperatures and different SOCs, accurately calculating the voltage of the battery, and providing accurate power battery electric quantity prediction for the vehicle.
Example two
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for estimating a battery voltage based on a model according to a second embodiment of the present invention, where the present embodiment is optimized based on the above-mentioned embodiment, and in the present embodiment, the querying a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value includes: if the current charging and discharging state information is a charging state, inquiring a charging voltage compensation table according to the current temperature information and the current charging state information to determine a first target voltage compensation value; and if the current charge-discharge state information is in a discharge state, inquiring a discharge voltage compensation table according to the current temperature information and the current charge state information to determine a second target voltage compensation value.
As shown in fig. 2, the method of this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
and S210, acquiring the state information of the battery.
Optionally, the acquiring the state information of the battery includes:
acquiring current charge and discharge state information, current temperature information, a first target value, a second target value, current charge state information and ideal voltage corresponding to the current charge state information of a battery;
the first target value is a current accumulated value of the battery in a first time, the second target value is a current accumulated value of the battery in a second time, and the first time is longer than the second time. The first time and the second time may be set according to requirements, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this.
Specifically, the first target value is a current accumulated value of charging and/or discharging of the battery at a first time under the current SOC, the second target value is a current accumulated value of charging and/or discharging of the battery at a second time under the current SOC, and the first time is greater than the second time. That is, the first target value indicates a charge and discharge state of the battery for a long time, and the second target value indicates a charge and discharge state of the battery in the vicinity of the charge and discharge time. The current accumulation principle is that the charging current is negative and the discharging current is positive.
For example, the first time may be a power-on period of the battery management system, or may be a first preset time, for example, 1 hour. The second time may be a time close to charging and discharging, or may be a second preset time, for example, 10S.
And S220, if the current charging and discharging state information is a charging state, inquiring a charging voltage compensation table according to the current temperature information and the current charging state information to determine a first target voltage compensation value.
Specifically, since the charged state and the discharged state of the battery have different influences on the terminal voltage of the battery, the voltage compensation table is divided into a charged voltage compensation table U according to the charged and discharged state of the batteryc(T, SOC) and discharge voltage compensation table Ud(T, SOC). Acquiring current charge-discharge state information of the battery, and inquiring a charge voltage compensation table according to the current temperature information and the current charge state information to determine a first target voltage compensation value if the current charge-discharge state information is in a charge state. The charging voltage compensation table is a two-dimensional table relating temperature and SOC.
And S230, if the current charge-discharge state information is in a discharge state, inquiring a discharge voltage compensation table according to the current temperature information and the current charge state information to determine a second target voltage compensation value.
Specifically, current charge and discharge state information of the battery is obtained, and if the current charge and discharge state information is in a discharge state, a discharge voltage compensation table is inquired according to the current temperature information and the current charge state information to determine a second target voltage compensation value. The discharge voltage compensation table is a two-dimensional table relating temperature and SOC.
And S240, inquiring a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient.
And S250, calculating the battery terminal voltage according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value, the target compensation coefficient and a battery voltage model.
Optionally, the querying a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient includes:
acquiring a compensation coefficient table;
and determining a compensation coefficient by querying the compensation coefficient table according to the first target value and the second target value.
Specifically, a pre-established compensation coefficient table is obtained, in which the compensation coefficients are coefficients determined based on the current integrated value of the battery over a long period of time and the current integrated value of the battery over a short period of time. And determining a compensation coefficient by querying the compensation coefficient table according to the first target value C1 (namely the current accumulated value of the battery in the first time) and the second target value C2 (namely the current accumulated value of the battery in the second time).
Optionally, before querying the voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine the target voltage compensation value, the method further includes:
acquiring an ideal voltage corresponding to at least one charge state information of the battery;
acquiring a first voltage corresponding to at least one piece of charge state information of a battery in a discharging process, and determining a discharging voltage compensation table according to a first difference value between the first voltage and the ideal voltage;
and acquiring a second voltage corresponding to at least one piece of charge state information of the battery in the charging process, and determining a charging voltage compensation table according to a second difference value between the second voltage and the ideal voltage.
Specifically, the manner of obtaining the ideal voltage value corresponding to at least one piece of state of charge information of the battery may be to obtain, through a bench test, ideal open-circuit voltages U corresponding to different SOCs of the new battery in the standard stateocv(SOC). And determining a voltage compensation table of the battery through a battery charging and discharging experiment, wherein the voltage compensation table comprises a charging voltage compensation table and a discharging voltage compensation table. The method for determining the voltage compensation table of the battery may be to obtain a first voltage corresponding to at least one state of charge information SOC of the battery during a discharging process through a battery charging and discharging test, and calculate a first difference between the first voltage corresponding to each SOC of the battery and the ideal voltage as a discharging voltage compensation value. And repeating the operation to obtain the discharge voltage compensation values corresponding to different charge states of the battery at different temperatures. And determining a discharge voltage compensation table corresponding to the battery at different SOCs and different temperatures according to the voltage compensation value. Similarly, a second voltage corresponding to at least one piece of state of charge information SOC of the battery in the charging process is obtained, and a second difference value between the second voltage corresponding to each SOC of the battery and the ideal voltage is calculated to serve as a charging voltage compensation value. And repeating the operation to obtain charging voltage compensation values corresponding to different charge states of the battery at different temperatures. And determining charging voltage compensation tables corresponding to the batteries at different SOCs and different temperatures according to the voltage compensation values.
For example, the battery charge and discharge experiment may be performed by charging the battery SOC from 5% to 25% at a temperature of 25 ℃, recording the voltage of the battery at 5% and 25%, charging the battery SOC from 25% to 50% after a period of standing, recording the voltage of the battery at 50%, and so on, to obtain voltages at which the battery SOC is 5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 95% during charging at a temperature of 25 ℃. And calculating first difference values of the SOC and the ideal voltage of different batteries in the charging process, and accordingly determining a charging voltage compensation table. Similarly, discharging the SOC of the battery from 100% to 95% at the temperature of 25 ℃, recording the voltage of the battery at 95%, charging the SOC of the battery from 95% to 75% after standing for a period of time, recording the voltage of the battery at 75%, and so on, and obtaining the voltages of 95%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 5% of the SOC of the battery in the discharging process of the battery at the temperature of 25 ℃. And calculating second difference values of the SOC of different batteries and the ideal voltage in the discharging process, and accordingly determining a discharging voltage compensation table.
For example, as shown in fig. 2a, the voltage compensation table (including the charging voltage compensation table and the discharging voltage compensation table) may be a two-dimensional table related to temperature and SOC, wherein the horizontal axis represents the current temperature of the battery and the vertical axis represents the SOC of the battery. In the battery charging and discharging experiment, the more the temperature number and the battery SOC number are, the more the voltage compensation table and the row and column number are, and the more accurate the voltage compensation value determined by inquiring the voltage compensation table is. It is understood that fig. 2a is only an example, and the voltage compensation value in the present invention may be stored in other forms, without being limited to the voltage compensation table according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Optionally, before querying the compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine the target compensation coefficient, the method further includes:
acquiring a first ampere-hour accumulated value, a second ampere-hour accumulated value and a standard voltage hysteresis value;
determining a predicted voltage hysteresis value according to the first ampere-hour accumulated value and the second ampere-hour accumulated value;
determining a compensation coefficient according to the ratio of the standard voltage hysteresis value to the predicted voltage hysteresis value;
and determining a compensation coefficient table according to at least one compensation coefficient.
The first ampere-hour accumulated value refers to a charging and/or discharging current accumulated value of the battery in a first preset period, where the first preset period is a longer time, and may be, for example, a current accumulated value of the battery every 1 hour, or a current accumulated value of the battery every 30 minutes. The second ampere-hour accumulated value refers to a current accumulated value of the battery during charging and/or discharging in a second preset period, wherein the second preset period is a short time, and the current accumulated value of the battery every 1 minute can be calculated, for example. The first preset period and the second preset period can be set according to actual requirements, and the first preset period is far longer than the second preset period. The first ampere-hour accumulated value and the second ampere-hour accumulated value have lower limit and upper limit control, the first ampere-hour accumulated value is smaller than a first range, the second ampere-hour accumulated value is smaller than a second range, and the second range is a smaller range in the first range. The first range and the second range may be set according to actual requirements, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this. For example, the first ampere-hour integrated value may be in a first range of-100 Ah to 100Ah, and the second ampere-hour integrated value may be in a first range of-0.5 Ah to 0.5 Ah.
Specifically, the manner of obtaining the first ampere-hour accumulated value and the second ampere-hour accumulated value may be set empirically or according to requirements. The first ampere-hour integrated value and the second ampere-hour integrated value are selected to fully reflect the voltage hysteresis effect of the battery. The manner of obtaining the standard voltage hysteresis value may be to obtain a discharge voltage compensation value corresponding to the first ampere-hour integrated value and a charge voltage compensation value corresponding to the first ampere-hour integrated value by querying the charge voltage compensation table, and calculate the standard voltage hysteresis value.
The manner of determining the predicted voltage hysteresis value according to the first ampere-hour accumulated value and the second ampere-hour accumulated value may be determining the predicted voltage hysteresis value according to a first voltage corresponding to the charging first ampere-hour accumulated value and a second voltage corresponding to the charging second ampere-hour accumulated value; a predicted voltage hysteresis value may be determined for a first voltage corresponding to the charging first ampere-hour integrated value and a second voltage corresponding to the discharging second ampere-hour integrated value; a predicted voltage hysteresis value may be determined for a first voltage corresponding to the discharging first ampere-hour integrated value and a second voltage corresponding to the charging second ampere-hour integrated value; the predicted voltage hysteresis value may also be determined based on a first voltage corresponding to the discharged first ampere-hour integrated value and a second voltage corresponding to the discharged second ampere-hour integrated value.
Determining a compensation coefficient according to the ratio of the standard voltage hysteresis value to the predicted voltage hysteresis value, wherein the compensation coefficient is a numerical value of-1; adding the compensation coefficient to a compensation coefficient table.
The compensation coefficient indicates the charge/discharge degree of the battery; when the compensation coefficient is 1, the battery is in a full discharge state; when the compensation coefficient is-1, the battery is in a full charge state; when the compensation coefficient is less than 1 and greater than-1, the battery is in a mixed state of charging and discharging, the larger the coefficient is, the higher the discharging degree of the battery is, and the smaller the coefficient is, the higher the charging degree of the battery is; when the compensation coefficient is 0, it means that the charging current and the discharging current of the battery cancel each other. Therefore, the voltage of the battery in different charging and discharging states is compensated according to the compensation coefficient, and the problem that the hysteresis degree of different charging and discharging processes to the voltage of the battery is different is solved.
For example, a charge/discharge experiment was performed on a battery having a capacity of 200 Ah. Charging the battery by a first ampere-hour accumulated value of-100 Ah, and after standing for a period of time, acquiring a first voltage corresponding to the first ampere-hour accumulated value of the battery; continuing to charge the battery by-0.5 Ah and discharging the battery by the second ampere-hour accumulated value of 0.5Ah, obtaining a second voltage corresponding to-100 Ah of the battery after standing for a period of time, and determining the difference value between the first voltage and the second voltage as a first voltage hysteresis value corresponding to the first ampere-hour accumulated value of-100 Ah and the second ampere-hour accumulated value of 0.5 Ah. According to the discharge voltage compensation table and the charge voltage compensation table, a charge voltage compensation value corresponding to-100 Ah (the SOC of the battery is 50%) of the battery and a discharge voltage compensation value corresponding to 100Ah (the SOC of the battery is 50%) of the battery are obtained, and a difference value between the charge voltage compensation value and the discharge voltage compensation value is calculated to be determined as a standard voltage compensation value. And determining the ratio of the first voltage hysteresis value to the standard voltage compensation value as a compensation coefficient corresponding to a first ampere-hour accumulated value-100 Ah and a second ampere-hour accumulated value 0.5 Ah.
Similarly, charging the battery by the first ampere-hour accumulated value-100 Ah, and after standing for a period of time, acquiring a first voltage corresponding to the first ampere-hour accumulated value of the battery; discharging the battery by 0.5Ah and charging the battery by a second ampere-hour accumulated value of-0.5 Ah, obtaining a second voltage corresponding to-100 Ah of the battery after standing for a period of time, and determining the difference value between the first voltage and the second voltage as a first voltage hysteresis value corresponding to the first ampere-hour accumulated value of-100 Ah and the second ampere-hour accumulated value of-0.5 Ah. According to the discharge voltage compensation table and the charge voltage compensation table, a charge voltage compensation value corresponding to-100 Ah (the SOC of the battery is 50%) of the battery and a discharge voltage compensation value corresponding to 100Ah (the SOC of the battery is 50%) of the battery are obtained, and a difference value between the charge voltage compensation value and the discharge voltage compensation value is calculated to be determined as a standard voltage compensation value. And determining the ratio of the first voltage hysteresis value to the standard voltage compensation value as the compensation coefficient corresponding to a first ampere-hour accumulated value of-100 Ah and a second ampere-hour accumulated value of-0.5 Ah.
By analogy, compensation coefficients when the first ampere-hour accumulated value of the battery is 100Ah, 0Ah and-100 Ah and the second ampere-hour accumulated value is-0.5 Ah, 0Ah and 0.5Ah are respectively obtained, and the compensation coefficients are determined, wherein the compensation coefficients can adopt a two-dimensional table related to the first ampere-hour accumulated value and the second ampere-hour accumulated value shown in table 1, the horizontal axis represents the second ampere-hour accumulated value, and the vertical axis represents the first ampere-hour accumulated value. Table 1 is merely an example, not a limitation of the compensation coefficient table of the present invention, and the present invention may also store the compensation coefficient table in other forms.
TABLE 1
More first ampere-hour accumulated values and second ampere-hour accumulated values are selected, for example, the first ampere-hour accumulated values are 50Ah and-50 Ah, the second ampere-hour accumulated values are-0.25 Ah and 0.25Ah, compensation coefficients are calculated, and the compensation coefficients are inserted into the table 1 to obtain the graph 2 b. And determining compensation coefficients of different charge and discharge degrees of the battery through a battery charge and discharge experiment, wherein the more the range of the charge and discharge degrees of the battery covered by the set values of the first ampere-hour integrated value and the second ampere-hour integrated value is, the more accurate the predicted battery voltage is.
As shown in fig. 2c, the battery voltage model of the embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a power battery electromotive force calculation module, a power battery polarization voltage module, a battery impedance voltage calculation module and a battery voltage calculation module. The power battery electromotive force calculation module comprises an ideal electromotive force module, a charge-discharge state judgment module and an electromotive force hysteresis characteristic compensation module. The ideal electromotive force module is used for acquiring an ideal voltage corresponding to the current SOC information; the charge and discharge state judgment module is used for inquiring a compensation coefficient table according to the battery state information to determine a target compensation coefficient; and the electromotive force hysteresis characteristic compensation module is used for inquiring a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value. The power battery polarization voltage module comprises an equivalent point circuit polarization resistance interpolation module, an equivalent circuit capacitance interpolation module and a polarization voltage calculation module, and is used for calculating the polarization voltage of the battery in real time based on a first-order RC equivalent circuit model. The battery impedance voltage calculation module is used for calculating ohmic impedance voltage in the battery charging and discharging process. The battery voltage calculation module is used for determining the terminal voltage of the battery according to the ideal voltage, the voltage compensation value and the compensation coefficient determined by the power battery electromotive force calculation module, the polarization voltage calculated by the power battery polarization voltage module and the ohmic impedance voltage calculated by the battery impedance voltage calculation module.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the state information of the battery is acquired; inquiring a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value; inquiring a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient; and calculating the terminal voltage of the battery according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value, the target compensation coefficient and the battery voltage model, and performing electromotive force hysteresis compensation on the battery based on the battery voltage hysteresis phenomenon of the battery at different temperatures and different SOCs so as to accurately calculate the voltage of the battery.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery voltage estimation apparatus based on a model according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The present embodiment may be applied to the case of estimating the terminal voltage of the vehicle battery online, and the apparatus may be implemented in software and/or hardware, and may be integrated into any device that provides the function of estimating the model-based battery voltage, as shown in fig. 3, where the apparatus for estimating the model-based battery voltage specifically includes: a first acquisition module 310, a first determination module 320, a second determination module 330, and a calculation module 340.
The first obtaining module 310 is configured to obtain state information of a battery;
a first determining module 320, configured to determine a target voltage compensation value according to the state information by querying a voltage compensation table;
a second determining module 330, configured to query a compensation coefficient table according to the status information to determine a target compensation coefficient;
and the calculating module 340 is configured to calculate a battery terminal voltage according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value, the target compensation coefficient, and a battery voltage model.
Optionally, the obtaining module is specifically configured to:
acquiring current charge and discharge state information, current temperature information, a first target value, a second target value, current charge state information and ideal voltage corresponding to the current charge state information of a battery;
the first target value is a current accumulated value of the battery in a first time, the second target value is a current accumulated value of the battery in a second time, and the second time is longer than the first time.
Optionally, the first determining module includes:
a first determining unit, configured to query a charging voltage compensation table according to the current temperature information and the current state of charge information to determine a first target voltage compensation value if the current charging/discharging state information is a charging state;
and the second determining unit is used for inquiring a discharge voltage compensation table according to the current temperature information and the current charge state information to determine a second target voltage compensation value if the current charge-discharge state information is in a discharge state.
Optionally, the second determining module includes:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a compensation coefficient table;
a third determination unit configured to determine a compensation coefficient by referring to the compensation coefficient table according to the first target value and the second target value.
Optionally, the battery voltage model includes:
wherein U is the battery terminal voltage, Uocv(SOC) is an ideal voltage corresponding to the current state of charge information SOC, Uc(T, SOC) is a first target voltage compensation value U corresponding to the current temperature information T and the current SOC information SOC in the charging stated(T, SOC) is a second target voltage compensation value corresponding to the current temperature information T and the current state of charge information SOC in a discharging state, F (C1, C2) is a compensation coefficient corresponding to the first target value C1 and the second target value C2, I is a current, R is a voltage0Is ohmic internal resistance, UpIs the cell polarization voltage.
Optionally, the method further includes:
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring an ideal voltage corresponding to at least one piece of charge state information of the battery before the voltage compensation table is inquired according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value;
the third determining module is used for acquiring a first voltage corresponding to at least one piece of charge state information of the battery in the discharging process, and determining a discharging voltage compensation table according to a first difference value between the first voltage and the ideal voltage;
and the fourth determining module is used for acquiring a second voltage corresponding to at least one piece of charge state information of the battery in the charging process, and determining a charging voltage compensation table according to a second difference value between the second voltage and the ideal voltage.
Optionally, the method further includes:
the third acquisition module is used for acquiring the first ampere-hour accumulated value, the second ampere-hour accumulated value and the standard voltage hysteresis value before inquiring the compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient;
a fifth determining module, configured to determine a predicted voltage hysteresis value according to the first ampere-hour accumulated value and the second ampere-hour accumulated value;
a sixth determining module, configured to determine a compensation coefficient according to a ratio of the standard voltage hysteresis value to the predicted voltage hysteresis value;
and the seventh determining module is used for determining the compensation coefficient table according to the at least one compensation coefficient.
The product can execute the method provided by any embodiment of the invention, and has corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the execution method.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the state information of the battery is acquired; inquiring a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value; inquiring a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient; and calculating the terminal voltage of the battery according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value, the target compensation coefficient and the battery voltage model, and performing electromotive force hysteresis compensation on the battery based on the battery voltage hysteresis phenomenon of the battery at different temperatures and different SOCs so as to accurately calculate the voltage of the battery.
Example four
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary computer device 12 suitable for use in implementing embodiments of the present invention. The computer device 12 shown in FIG. 4 is only one example and should not bring any limitations to the functionality or scope of use of embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 4, computer device 12 is in the form of a general purpose computing device. The components of computer device 12 may include, but are not limited to: one or more processors or processing units 16, a system memory 28, and a bus 18 that couples various system components including the system memory 28 and the processing unit 16.
The system memory 28 may include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as Random Access Memory (RAM)30 and/or cache memory 32. Computer device 12 may further include other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, storage system 34 may be used to read from and write to non-removable, nonvolatile magnetic media (not shown in FIG. 4, and commonly referred to as a "hard drive"). Although not shown in FIG. 4, a magnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable, nonvolatile magnetic disk (e.g., a "floppy disk") and an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, nonvolatile optical disk (e.g., a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or other optical media) may be provided. In these cases, each drive may be connected to bus 18 by one or more data media interfaces. Memory 28 may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules that are configured to carry out the functions of embodiments of the invention.
A program/utility 40 having a set (at least one) of program modules 42 may be stored, for example, in memory 28, such program modules 42 including, but not limited to, an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each of which examples or some combination thereof may comprise an implementation of a network environment. Program modules 42 generally carry out the functions and/or methodologies of the described embodiments of the invention.
The processing unit 16 executes various functional applications and data processing by running programs stored in the system memory 28, for example, implementing a model-based battery voltage estimation method provided by an embodiment of the present invention:
acquiring state information of a battery;
inquiring a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value;
inquiring a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient;
and calculating the battery terminal voltage according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value, the target compensation coefficient and a battery voltage model.
EXAMPLE five
An embodiment five of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the model-based battery voltage estimation method provided in all the inventive embodiments of the present application:
acquiring state information of a battery;
inquiring a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value;
inquiring a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient;
and calculating the battery terminal voltage according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value, the target compensation coefficient and a battery voltage model.
Any combination of one or more computer-readable media may be employed. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take many forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C + + or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider).
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A model-based battery voltage estimation method, comprising:
acquiring state information of a battery;
inquiring a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value;
inquiring a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient;
and calculating the battery terminal voltage according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value, the target compensation coefficient and a battery voltage model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the state information of the battery comprises:
acquiring current charge and discharge state information, current temperature information, a first target value, a second target value, current charge state information and ideal voltage corresponding to the current charge state information of a battery;
the first target value is a current accumulated value of the battery in a first time, the second target value is a current accumulated value of the battery in a second time, and the second time is longer than the first time.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein querying a voltage compensation table to determine a target voltage compensation value based on the status information comprises:
if the current charging and discharging state information is a charging state, inquiring a charging voltage compensation table according to the current temperature information and the current charging state information to determine a first target voltage compensation value;
and if the current charge-discharge state information is in a discharge state, inquiring a discharge voltage compensation table according to the current temperature information and the current charge state information to determine a second target voltage compensation value.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the querying a compensation coefficient table to determine a target compensation coefficient according to the status information comprises:
acquiring a compensation coefficient table;
and determining a compensation coefficient by querying the compensation coefficient table according to the first target value and the second target value.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the battery voltage model comprises:
wherein U is the battery terminal voltage, Uocv(SOC) is an ideal voltage corresponding to the current state of charge information SOC, Uc(T, SOC) isA first target voltage compensation value, U, corresponding to current temperature information T and current state of charge information SOC in a state of charged(T, SOC) is a second target voltage compensation value corresponding to the current temperature information T and the current state of charge information SOC in a discharging state, F (C1, C2) is a compensation coefficient corresponding to the first target value C1 and the second target value C2, I is a current, R is a voltage0Is ohmic internal resistance, UpIs the cell polarization voltage.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to querying a voltage compensation table to determine a target voltage compensation value based on the status information:
acquiring an ideal voltage corresponding to at least one charge state information of the battery;
acquiring a first voltage corresponding to at least one piece of charge state information of a battery in a discharging process, and determining a discharging voltage compensation table according to a first difference value between the first voltage and the ideal voltage;
and acquiring a second voltage corresponding to at least one piece of charge state information of the battery in the charging process, and determining a charging voltage compensation table according to a second difference value between the second voltage and the ideal voltage.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising, before querying a compensation coefficient table to determine a target compensation coefficient based on the state information:
acquiring a first ampere-hour accumulated value, a second ampere-hour accumulated value and a standard voltage hysteresis value;
determining a predicted voltage hysteresis value according to the first ampere-hour accumulated value and the second ampere-hour accumulated value;
determining a compensation coefficient according to the ratio of the standard voltage hysteresis value to the predicted voltage hysteresis value;
and determining a compensation coefficient table according to at least one compensation coefficient.
8. A model-based battery voltage estimation apparatus, comprising:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the state information of the battery;
the first determining module is used for querying a voltage compensation table according to the state information to determine a target voltage compensation value;
the second determining module is used for inquiring a compensation coefficient table according to the state information to determine a target compensation coefficient;
and the calculation module is used for calculating the battery terminal voltage according to the state information, the target voltage compensation value and the target compensation coefficient.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the program implements the model-based battery voltage estimation method of any one of claims 1-7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the model-based battery voltage estimation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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