CN112945477A - Leakage detection/monitoring system, method and medium for pressure water pipeline - Google Patents
Leakage detection/monitoring system, method and medium for pressure water pipeline Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a leakage detection/monitoring system, a method and a medium for a pressure water pipeline, which comprise the following steps: the sensing device is used for sensing leakage noise of the water conveying pipeline; the data acquisition module is used for receiving the leakage noise sensed by the sensing device and converting the leakage noise into a leakage noise digital signal; the central server receives the leakage noise digital signal fed back by the data acquisition module, analyzes the received leakage noise digital signal, judges whether the water pipeline leaks or not through calculation and analysis, positions the position of a leakage noise source according to the analysis result, namely determines the position of a leakage point, and calculates the leakage amount of the leakage point; meanwhile, the central server sends a control instruction to the data acquisition module to realize the detection or monitoring of the leakage of the pressure water pipeline. The invention can accurately position the position of the noise source by detecting/monitoring the leakage noise of the pipeline and utilizing a tracing method, and calculate the intensity of the noise source, thereby achieving the purpose of leakage detection/monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of safety detection/monitoring of a pressure water pipeline, in particular to a tracing method, a tracing system and a tracing medium for leakage detection/monitoring of the pressure water pipeline.
Background
At present, no matter the large-scale pressure water conveying pipeline in a long distance or the city tap water pipe network in China, leakage diseases generally exist. The leakage not only causes the waste of precious water resources, but also causes serious accidents such as ground collapse, pipe explosion and the like due to the dangerous concentrated leakage, causes great loss of property, even causes casualties, and influences social harmony and stability.
At present, for large buried pressure water pipelines at home and abroad, diseases such as leakage and the like are mainly searched by a method of regular water cut-off maintenance so as to prevent the occurrence of pipe explosion accidents caused by dangerous concentrated leakage. Because the interval time of water cut-off maintenance of the large buried pressure water delivery pipeline is long (generally, maintenance is carried out once a year), the maintenance period is short, and the method of water cut-off maintenance cannot effectively prevent the pipe explosion caused by harmful concentrated leakage. Although measures such as pressure monitoring and flow monitoring are additionally arranged on the newly-built or partially-built buried pressure water conveying pipeline, the pressure and flow monitoring sensitivity is low, accidents such as serious leakage of the pipeline can only be found, and small leakage cannot be found.
For leakage detection of urban tap water pipe networks, leakage points are mainly found by means of manual leakage listening by using leakage listening instruments at present. The working principle of the leak detector is based on the following phenomena: when the pipeline is damaged, the water in the pipeline is sprayed out of the pipeline under the action of pressure, and squeaking is generated. When the pipe is buried shallowly and the leakage is severe, the leakage noise can be heard by the microphone in close contact with the ground in a quiet surrounding environment. Because the current city traffic volume is big, the environment is noisy, various pipe networks are staggered, and the burying depths are different, the leakage listening device can only find a part of leakage points with shallow burying and large leakage, the detection sensitivity, the positioning precision and the anti-interference capability can not meet the requirements, and the problem can not be solved fundamentally.
In summary, no matter the dangerous concentrated leakage of a long-distance large-scale pressure water conveying pipeline or the leakage of an urban tap water pipe network exists in China, an effective detection/monitoring means is lacked. A high-precision, high-sensitivity, high-reliability and high-efficiency detection/monitoring method and system are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a pressure water pipeline leakage detection/monitoring tracing method, a system and a medium thereof.
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a leakage detecting/monitoring system for a pressurized water pipe, comprising:
the sensing device is arranged along the extension direction of the water pipeline and used for sensing leakage noise of the water pipeline;
the data acquisition module is used for receiving the leakage noise sensed by the sensing device and converting the leakage noise into a leakage noise digital signal;
the central server receives the leakage noise digital signals fed back by the data acquisition module, analyzes the received leakage noise digital signals, judges whether the water pipeline leaks or not through calculation and analysis, positions the position of a leakage noise source according to an analysis result, namely determines the position of a leakage point, calculates the leakage quantity of the leakage point and realizes detection or monitoring of the leakage of the pressure water pipeline; and simultaneously, the central server sends a control instruction to the data acquisition module.
Preferably, the pressure water pipe leakage detecting/monitoring system comprises:
the data transmission module is used for transmitting the leakage noise signal digitized by the data acquisition module to the central server according to an instruction and receiving a control instruction output by the central server;
and the data publishing module is used for publishing the analysis result of the central server through a display and/or terminal equipment.
Preferably, the sensing device comprises:
the movable bases are arranged on the ground and arranged along the extension direction of the water conveying pipeline, and each movable base is provided with a vibration sensor so that each sensor is tightly coupled with the ground through the movable base;
the sound-proof housing is covered outside the movable base, the vibration sensor is positioned in the sound-proof housing, and the sound-proof housing blocks external environment noise;
the traction belt is sequentially connected with the plurality of movable bases through the traction belt to form a sensor linear array;
the traction device is connected with one end of the traction belt and can drive the traction belt to move along the ground under traction, so that the plurality of movable bases and the vibration sensor are driven to integrally move together.
Preferably, the linear array of sensors is connected to the data acquisition module by a cable.
Preferably, the sensing device is a distributed acoustic sensor fiber;
the distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber is arranged inside the water pipeline along the axis direction of the pipeline, one end of the distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber extends to the outside of the water pipeline, and the distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber is used for transmitting optical signals and sensing vibration.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a method for detecting/monitoring leakage of a pressure water pipe is provided, where the method employs a tracing method, and includes:
s1: arranging a sensing device along the extension direction of the water pipeline to sense leakage noise of the water pipeline, analyzing the received leakage noise digital signal by using a central server, judging whether the water pipeline leaks or not through calculation and analysis, and positioning the position of a leakage noise source according to an analysis result so as to determine the position of the leakage point;
s2: calculating the intensity of a noise source at the position of a leakage point by using a central server, and determining the leakage degree according to the intensity of the noise source;
s3: a steady-state random process method is used for analyzing leakage noise data so as to improve the position inference precision of a leakage point and the stability of a result.
Optionally, the S1 includes:
suppose that N vibration sensors are arranged along the extension direction of the water pipeline and are respectively p i1,2, 3.. N, the N vibration sensors each having x coordinatesiN, wherein the signals received by the N vibration sensors are siN, (t), i ═ 1,2, 3.. N, the source of leakage noise is located at x ═ x0Where the location of the leak point is x ═ x0At least one of (1) and (b);
assuming that a noise signal emitted by a leakage noise source is w (t) and a frequency spectrum thereof is W (f), signals received by any two sensors m and n are s respectivelym(t) and sn(t) Fourier spectra thereof are Sm(f) And Sn(f) Let v represent the propagation velocity of noise along the medium, f represent frequency, pi represent circumferential ratio, j represent imaginary unit, Exp () represent exponential function; then there are:
sm(t)＝w(t-(xm-x0)/v) ①
and sn(t)＝w(t-(xn-x0)/v) ①’
The Fourier spectrums are respectively as follows:
Sm(f)＝W(f)*Exp(-j2πf((xm-x0)/v)) ②
and Sn(f)＝W(f)*Exp(-j2πf((xn-x0)/v)) ②’
Then the signal sm(t) and snThe cross-spectra of (t) are:
the upper type
Due to propagation distance difference (x)n-xm) The phase lag of the signal caused by the difference in distance (x) between the two sensors m and nn-xm) And the propagation velocity (v) is uniquely determined; according to the formula (III) and (IV), if the first sensor p is used1For reference points, the individual sensors (p) are determined separatelyiSignal(s) of 1,2,3i(t), i ═ 1,2, 3.. N) and sensor p1Signal(s) of1(t)) to obtain:
in the above formula | W (f) & gthaze2≥0，(x1-xi) The propagation velocity (v) of the leakage noise is obtained for a known quantity by the following method:
suppose a velocity vkAt a velocity vkPhase difference between the following ith sensor and the first sensor:
then from the cross spectrum S1,i(f) Is eliminated from the phase angle
Corresponding to the sensor p1Is propagated to piFrom p to piTracing to p1；
Superposing the traced signals, and calculating the standardized superposition energy of the signals:
velocity v used if tracing to sourcekIt is correct that the traced signals have the same phase angle, and the superposed signal is strongest, namely the superposed energy EkMaximum, velocity v used if tracing to sourcekIncorrect, the traced signal can not reach the same phase, and the energy E after superpositionkWill be relatively smaller;
the propagation velocity of the leakage noise is obtained using the following velocity scanning method:
determining a minimum propagation velocity VminAnd maximum propagation velocity VmaxThen, the propagation speed is increased by delta V at a certain speed so as to make the propagation speed be from VminSequentially increasing to VmaxRespectively calculating the normalized superposition energy E corresponding to different propagation velocities according to the formulak(f) Finding out the maximum energy E0(f) Corresponding propagation velocity VoIs the actual propagation velocity of the leakage noise;
when obtaining the propagation velocity VoThen, according to the above formula 2, for all N sensors (p)iN), assuming the location of the source of the leakage noise is xkCalculating the signal from xkIs propagated to the sensor piPosition-induced phase difference:
then from the sensor piSpectrum S ofi(f) Is eliminated from the phase angle
Corresponding to the sensor piLeakage noise signal from location piTracing to xkAnd then calculating the normalized superposition energy of the signals:
if the assumed location x of the leak pointkIt is correct that the traced signals have the same phase angle, and the superposed signal is strongest, namely the superposed energy EkMaximum, if the assumed location x of the leak pointkIncorrect, the traced signal can not reach the same phase, and the energy E after superpositionkWill be relatively smaller;
the position of the leakage noise source, namely the position of the leakage point, is determined by the following field source scanning method:
determining a minimum leakage noise source position XminAnd maximum leakage noise source position XmaxThen, the leakage noise source is positioned from X by a certain position increment delta XminChange to X in sequencemaxRespectively calculating the positions x of the assumed different leakage noise sources by the formula ninukCorresponding normalized superposition energy Ek(f) Finding out the maximum energy E0(f) Corresponding leakage noise source location x0I.e. the actual position (x) of the leak point0)。
Optionally, the S2 includes:
let T be the length of the received signal, sensor piN. leakage noise s received by 1,2,3i(t) average amplitude AiN is expressed as:
Ai＝√(∫0 T(si 2(t)dt)/T，i＝1,2,3,...N ⑩
by signal amplitude A of N sensors in formula (R)iN and the position x of the N sensorsiN, establishing the relation a between the leakage noise intensity a and the position x, and substituting the relation a into the coordinate x of the leakage point position0Calculating the amplitude A of the leakage noise at the leakage point0＝g(x0) Then, the relation I ═ Q (A) between the leakage noise amplitude and the leakage degree is obtained through a calibration experiment, and the severity of the leakage is obtained as I0＝Q(A0)。
Optionally, the S3 is executed according to the following steps:
s31: dividing the monitoring data acquired by the N sensors into M sections with equal length to obtain a set [ s ] of the monitoring datai m]N denotes a sensor number, [ s ] for a subscript i ═ 1,2,3i m]The superscript M ═ 1,2,3,. M denotes the data segment sequence number;
s32: with the first sensor p1For reference point, the remaining sensors (p) are respectively obtained by using the 1 st dataiSignal(s) of 1,2,3i 1(t), i ═ 1,2, 3.. N) and sensor p1Signal(s) of1 1(t)) cross spectra (S)1 i,1(f))；
S33: the remaining sensors (p) are respectively obtained by using the 2 nd dataiSignal(s) of 1,2,3i 2(t), i ═ 1,2, 3.. N) and sensor p1Signal(s) of1 2(t)) cross spectra (S)2 i,1(f))；
S34: the cross-normal of each data is sequentially obtained according to the procedure of S33 (S)m i,1(f)，m＝1,2,3,...M)；
S35: and (3) solving the average value of the cross-normal set:
Sav i,1(f)＝(Σ(Sm i,1(f)，m＝1,2,3,...M))/M；
s36: by ensemble mean S of the cross spectraav i,1(f) Cross common in substitute formula (c)i,1(f) Obtaining the propagation speed of leakage noise by using the speed scanning method;
s37: for each segment of data, calculating the superposition energy E according to the formula ninthlyk,m(f) The superscript k is 1,2, 3.. represents a field source scanning serial number, and the superscript M is 1,2, 3.. M represents a data segment serial number;
s38: and (3) solving the aggregate average value of the superposition energy:
Ek,av(f)＝(Σ(Ek,m(f)，m＝1,2,3,...M))/M
s39: and finding out the position of the field source corresponding to the maximum superposition energy, namely the position of the leakage point.
In a third aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned method for detecting/monitoring leakage of a pressure water pipe.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows: when the pressure water conveying pipeline is damaged, water in the pipeline is ejected from the pipeline breakage under the action of pressure to cause pipeline vibration and generate squeal, the vibration and squeal are generally called leakage noise, the position of a noise source is the position of the leakage point, and the strength of the noise source reflects the severity of leakage. The source tracing method for leakage detection/monitoring of the pressure water pipeline is based on the phenomenon, the position of a noise source is positioned by detecting/monitoring the leakage noise of the pipeline and utilizing the source tracing method, and the intensity of the noise source is calculated, so that the purpose of leakage detection/monitoring is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
according to the system, the phenomenon that squeaking and pipeline vibration are caused when the pressure water pipeline leaks is utilized, on the basis of theoretical analysis and experimental research, a sensor array is formed by a plurality of sensing devices, the position of the leakage point is accurately determined by adopting a tracing method, the leakage quantity is evaluated, and a steady random process theory is introduced into data analysis, so that the sensitivity and the anti-interference capability of the method are greatly improved, and the corresponding contribution is made to water supply safety. The system can relate to cross-basin water transfer engineering, hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering and municipal tap water network engineering, and is also suitable for the safety monitoring of pressure pipelines or pressure containers for conveying or storing other liquid or gaseous substances in the industries of petrochemical engineering and the like.
The system of the invention is suitable for being made into a flexible and portable detection system which can be arranged as required at any time for detection, and can be made into a fixed monitoring system for monitoring a certain pipeline for a long time.
The method of the invention is based on the steady-state random process theory, and greatly improves the detection sensitivity and the anti-interference capability by the superposition processing of the long-time detection/monitoring data.
According to the method, the data of the multiple sensing devices are traced and superposed, so that the positioning accuracy is far smaller than the distance between the sensing devices (the distance between data acquisition points), and when the distance between the sensing devices is 20m or more, the positioning accuracy can reach 1 m.
The method of the invention can be used for data of discrete vibration sensors such as velocity type, acceleration type, hydrophone type and the like, and can also be used for data of distributed optical fiber sensors.
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Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the leakage detection/monitoring system for a pressure water pipe according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring method of a tracing method for detecting/monitoring leakage of a pressure water pipe according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of leakage noise measured by a tracing method for detecting/monitoring leakage of a pressure water pipe according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of leak location of a tracing method for detecting/monitoring leak of a pressure water pipe according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a leak detection system for a pressure water pipe under a road according to application example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the components of a long-distance buried pressure water pipeline leakage monitoring system of application example 2 of the present invention.
The scores in the figure are indicated as: the system comprises a vibration sensor 1, a vibration sensor array 2, a data acquisition module 3, a data transmission module 4, a central server 5, a data publishing module 6, a public communication network 7, a cable 8, a mobile base 9, a sound-proof housing 10, a traction belt 11, a traction device 12, a distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber 13, a distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber demodulator 14, a data point position 15, demodulated waveform data 16, a water pipeline 101, a leakage point 201, a leakage point coordinate 202, received leakage noise 203, vibration sensor coordinates 204, leakage 205 and the ground 301.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a leakage detecting/monitoring system for a pressure water pipeline according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a sensing device, a data collecting module 3, a data transmitting module 4, a central server 5 and a data publishing module 6.
The sensing device is arranged along the extending direction of the water pipeline 101 and is used for sensing leakage noise of the water pipeline 101; the sensing means may be a vibration sensor array 2 of several vibration sensors 1.
The data acquisition module 3 is used for receiving the leakage noise sensed by the sensing device and converting the leakage noise into a leakage noise digital signal. The input end of the data acquisition module 3 is connected with the vibration sensor array 2 through a cable 8. The output end of the data acquisition module 3 and the data transmission module 4 can be connected through a cable 8.
The data transmission module 4 is used for transmitting the leakage noise signal digitized by the data acquisition module 3 to the central server 5 according to an instruction and receiving a control instruction output by the central server 5. The data transmission module 4 and the central server 5 can be connected via a public communication network 7.
The central server 5 analyzes the received leakage noise digital signal, judges whether the water pipeline 101 leaks or not through calculation and analysis, and further analyzes and calculates the position of a leakage point and the size of leakage amount when the water pipeline 101 leaks, so as to realize leakage detection or monitoring of the pressure water pipeline 101; and simultaneously, the central server 5 sends a control instruction to the data acquisition module 3.
The data distribution module 6 is used for distributing the analysis result of the central server 5 through a display and/or a terminal device. The terminal equipment can be released to relevant personnel in a mobile phone APP, a computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer and the like.
In other partially preferred embodiments, and as shown in FIG. 5, the sensing means comprises a plurality of mobile pedestals 9, a plurality of vibration sensors, a plurality of acoustic enclosures 10, a draft strap 11, and a draft gear 12.
The plurality of movable bases 9 are arranged on the ground 301 and arranged along the extending direction of the water pipeline 101, and each movable base 9 is provided with a vibration sensor, so that each sensor is tightly coupled with the ground 301 through the movable base 9.
The sound-proof housing 10 is covered outside the movable base 9, and the vibration sensor is positioned in the sound-proof housing 10, namely the sound-proof housing 10 covers and buckles the vibration sensor and the movable base 9; the acoustic enclosure 10 is used to block external ambient noise and is coupled to the vibration sensor through air.
The traction belt 11 connects a plurality of movable bases 9 into a whole in sequence to form a sensor linear array (i.e. a vibration sensor array).
The traction device 12 is connected with one end of the traction belt 11, and can drive the traction belt 11 to move along the ground 3 under traction, so that the movable bases 9 and the vibration sensor are driven to integrally move together. The traction device 12 may be a traction trolley.
As a preferred mode, the linear array of sensors is connected with the data acquisition module through a cable; the data acquisition module is connected with the central processing unit through a cable. And the data acquisition module and the central processor are arranged on the traction trolley.
In some other preferred embodiments, referring to fig. 6, the sensing device is a distributed acoustic sensor fiber 13; the data acquisition module is a distributed acoustic sensor fiber demodulator 14. The data point locations are shown at 15 and the demodulated waveform data at 16.
The distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber 13 is arranged inside the water pipeline 101 along the axial direction of the pipeline, one end of the distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber 13 extends to the outside of the water pipeline 101, and the distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber 13 is used for transmitting an optical signal and sensing vibration.
The distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber demodulator 14 is connected to one end of the distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber 13, and is configured to transmit an optical signal to the distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber 13, and obtain acoustic information of each point along the distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber 13 by measuring and analyzing the return optical signal.
In another embodiment, a method for tracing leakage detection/monitoring of a conduit under pressure is provided, which includes:
s1: adopt along conduit extending direction arranges sensing device with the seepage noise of perception conduit, utilize central server to carry out the analysis to the seepage noise digital signal who receives, judge whether this conduit takes place the seepage through calculation and analysis to and position the position of seepage noise source according to the analysis result, thereby confirm the seepage point position, specifically do:
referring to fig. 2, assume that N vibration sensors 1 arranged along a pipeline are p, respectivelyiN, N vibration sensor coordinates 204 are x, respectivelyiN, where the received signal is siN, the leakage point (leakage noise source 205) is located at x ═ x0To (3).
Let w (t) be the noise signal sent by the leakage noise source 205, and its frequency spectrum is w (f), and the signals received by any two sensors m and n are s(s) respectivelym(t) and sn(t) the frequency spectra thereof are respectively Sm(f) And Sn(f) And let v represent the propagation velocity of the noise along the medium, f represent the frequency, pi represent the circumferential ratio, j represent the imaginary unit, Exp () represents the exponential function, then:
sm(t)＝w(t-(xm-x0)/v) ①
and
sn(t)＝w(t-(xn-x0)/v) ①’
the Fourier spectrums are respectively as follows:
Sm(f)＝W(f)*Exp(-j2πf((xm-x0)/v)) ②
and
Sn(f)＝W(f)*Exp(-j2πf((xn-x0)/v)) ②’
then the signal sm(t) and snThe cross-spectra of (t) are:
here, the
in the above formula | W (f) & gthaze2≥0，(x1-xi) The propagation velocity (v) of the leakage noise can therefore be obtained by the following idea:
suppose a velocity vkAt a velocity vkPhase difference between the following ith sensor and the first sensor:
then from the cross spectrum S1,i(f)Is eliminated from the phase angle
This operation is equivalent to the operation of the sensor p1Is propagated to piFrom p to piTracing to p1；
And then, superposing the traced signals, and calculating the normalized superposition energy of the signals:
the above formula represents that N cross spectra after tracing are summed, then the absolute value of the sum is calculated, and the sum is divided by the number of cross spectra participating in superposition. Velocity v used if tracing to sourcekIt is correct that the traced signals have the same phase angle, and the superposed signal is strongest, namely the superposed energy EkMaximum, velocity v used if tracing to sourcekIncorrect, the traced signal can not reach the same phase, and the energy E after superpositionkIt will be relatively small. Therefore, the propagation velocity of the leakage noise can be acquired by the velocity sweep method described below.
The velocity scanning method includes: determining a possible minimum propagation velocity VminAnd maximum propagation velocity VmaxThen, the propagation velocity is increased by delta V at a certain speed so as to make the propagation velocity be increased from VminSequentially increasing to VmaxRespectively calculating the standard superposition energy E corresponding to different propagation velocities according to the formulak(f) Finding out the maximum energy E0(f) Corresponding propagation velocity VoIs the actual propagation velocity of the leakage noise.
When the propagation velocity V is obtainedoThen, according to the above formula 2, for all N sensors (p)iN), assuming the location of the source of leakage noise 205 is xkCalculating the signal from xkIs propagated to the sensor piPosition-induced phase difference:
then from the sensor piSpectrum S ofi(f) Is eliminated from the phase angle
This operation is equivalent to the operation of the sensor piLeakage noise signal from location piTracing to xkThen, the normalized superposition energy of the signal is calculated:
the above formula represents that N frequency spectrums after tracing are summed, then the absolute value of the frequency spectrums is calculated, and the absolute value is divided by the number of the frequency spectrums participating in superposition. If the assumed location x of the leak point 201kIt is correct that the traced signals have the same phase angle, and the superposed signal is strongest, namely the superposed energy EkMaximum, if the assumed location x of the leak 201kIncorrect, the traced signal can not reach the same phase, and the energy E after superpositionkIt will be relatively small. Thus, the location of the leakage noise source 205 (i.e., the leakage point 201) can be determined using the field source scanning method described below.
The field source scanning method includes: determining a possible minimum leakage noise source 205 location XminAnd maximum leakage noise source location XmaxThen, the leakage noise 205 is increased by a position increment δ X from XminChange to X in sequencemaxRespectively calculating the assumed positions x of the different leakage noises 205 by the formula ninthlykCorresponding normalized superposition energy Ek(f) Finding out the maximum energy E0(f) Corresponding leakage noise 205 position x0Is the actual location (x) of the leak point 2010) I.e. the coordinates 202 of the leak point.
S2: the central server is used for calculating the intensity of the noise source at the position of the leakage point, and determining the leakage degree according to the intensity of the noise source, specifically,
the magnitude of the bleed-off noise reflects the severity of the bleed-off and decays with distance of propagation. Let T be the length of the received signal, sensor piN. leakage noise s received by 1,2,3i(t) average amplitude AiN may be expressed as:
Ai＝√(∫0 T(si 2(t)dt)/T，i＝1,2,3,...N ⑩
by signal amplitude A of N sensors in formula (R)iN and the position x of the N sensorsiN, the relationship a between the leakage noise intensity a and the position x may be established as g (x), and then substituted into the coordinates x of the position of the leakage point 2010(coordinates 202 of the leak point) the amplitude A of the leak noise at the leak point 201 can be determined0＝g(x0) Then, the relation I ═ Q (A) of the leakage noise amplitude and the leakage degree (liter/minute) is obtained through calibration experiments, so that the severity of the leakage is I0＝Q(A0)。
S3: a steady-state random process method is used for analysis of leakage noise data to improve the accuracy of the location inference of the leakage point 201 and the stability of the results. Namely, the estimation accuracy of the leak point 201 and the anti-interference measure are improved.
As can be seen from fig. 3, which is a schematic diagram of an actually measured waveform of leakage noise, it can be seen that both the amplitude and the frequency spectrum of the waveform of leakage noise have statistical stability, and conform to the steady-state random process, and a steady-state random process theory can be used for analyzing leakage noise data to improve the leakage point position inference accuracy and the stability of the result, and the method is specifically executed according to the following steps:
s31: dividing the monitoring data into M sections with equal length to obtain a set [ s ] of the monitoring datai m]The subscript i 1,2, 3.. N represents the sensor serial number, and the superscript M1, 2, 3.. M represents the data segment serial number.
S32: with the first sensor p1For reference, the remaining sensors (p) are first determined using the 1 st dataiSignal(s) of 1,2,3i 1(t), i ═ 1,2, 3.. N) and sensor p1Signal of (A), (B)s1 1(t)) cross spectra (S)1 i,1(f))；
S33: the remaining sensors (p) are respectively obtained by using the 2 nd dataiSignal(s) of 1,2,3i 2(t), i ═ 1,2, 3.. N) and sensor p1Signal(s) of1 2(t)) cross spectra (S)2 i,1(f))；
S34: repeating the above steps in accordance with step S33, and sequentially obtaining the cross-normal of each data (S)m i,1(f)，m＝1,2, 3,...M)；
S35: and (3) solving the average value of the cross-normal set:
Sav i,1(f)＝(Σ(Sm i,1(f)，m＝1,2,3,...M))/M
s36: by ensemble mean S of the cross spectraav i,1(f) Cross common in substitute formula (c)i,1(f) The propagation velocity of the leakage noise can be obtained by the velocity scanning method.
S37: for each segment of data, calculating the superposition energy E according to the formula ninthlyk,m(f) The superscript k is 1,2, 3.. denotes a field source scan sequence number, and the superscript M is 1,2, 3.. M denotes a data segment sequence number.
S38: and (3) solving the aggregate average value of the superposition energy:
Ek,av(f)＝(Σ(Ek,m(f)，m＝1,2,3,...M))/M
s39: the position of the field source corresponding to the maximum superposition energy is found out to be the position of the leakage point 201, as shown in fig. 4.
Application example 1
Referring to fig. 5, the leakage detection/monitoring system for a pressure water pipeline according to the above embodiment is applied to leakage detection of a water pipeline under a road.
The leakage detection/monitoring system of the pressure water pipeline 101 comprises a sensing device, a data acquisition module 3 and a central server 5, and is used for on-site detection, all parts of the system are directly connected by cables 8, and a detection result is directly displayed on a screen of the central server 5, so that a data transmission module 4 and a data release module 6 are not needed.
The sensing device comprises a leakage noise detector unit, a traction belt 11 and a tractor, wherein the leakage noise detector unit comprises a vibration sensor 1, a sound-proof housing 10 and a movable base 9.
The vibration sensor 1 is installed on a movable base 9, and during detection, the sensor is closely coupled with the ground through the base, and during movement, the sensor, the movable base 9 and the sound-proof housing 10 are drawn by a drawing belt 11 and are drawn along the ground.
A sound shield 10 is fastened to the outside of the sensor and the movable base 9 to block the coupling of external ambient noise to the sensor through air.
The leakage noise detector units are connected by a traction belt 11 to form a sensor linear array, and the distance between the leakage noise detector units is 5.0 m.
The linear array of sensors is connected to the data acquisition unit by a cable 8.
The data acquisition module 3 is directly connected to the central server 5 by a cable 8.
The data acquisition module 3 is directly connected with the tractor through a traction belt 11.
The data acquisition module 3 and the central server 5 are mounted on a tractor.
In the application example 1, the leakage detection/monitoring system of the pressure water pipeline is used as a detection instrument for detecting the leakage of the road sewer pipeline 101. Main pipelines of urban tap water networks are generally laid below roads, leakage is easy to occur due to the influence of road vibration, load and the like, and once leakage occurs, if leakage cannot be found in time, serious accidents such as road collapse are easy to happen. And because urban road traffic is busy, environmental noise is large, and the use effect of the traditional leakage listening mode is poor. The traction type sensing device adopted in the application example can fully utilize the road surface flatness, is convenient to traction and move, improves the detection precision, and simultaneously, because noise sources of noise such as vehicle running and the like are unfixed and random, the system can overcome the influence of the noise by a processing method based on a steady random process.
Application example 2
Referring to fig. 6, the leakage detection/monitoring system for a pressure water pipeline according to the above embodiment is applied to monitoring a long-distance large-sized pressure water pipeline.
The leakage detection/monitoring system for the pressure water pipeline 101 comprises: the distributed acoustic sensing optical fiber, the data acquisition module 3, the central server 5 and the data release module 6 do not need a data transmission module because the optical fiber can be directly extended into a monitoring room.
The distributed acoustic sensing optical fiber is arranged inside the pressure water pipeline 101 along the axis direction of the pipeline, one end of the distributed acoustic sensing optical fiber is positioned outside the pipeline and extended to a monitoring room, namely above the ground 301, and the distributed acoustic sensing optical fiber is not only an optical signal transmission channel, but also a sensitive element for sensing vibration;
the data acquisition module 3 adopts a distributed acoustic sensing optical fiber demodulator. The distributed acoustic sensing optical fiber demodulator is placed in the monitoring chamber and connected with the distributed acoustic sensing optical fiber, and has the functions of sending optical signals to the distributed acoustic sensing optical fiber and simultaneously obtaining acoustic (vibration) information of each point along the optical fiber by measuring and analyzing return optical signals.
The central server 5 receives and analyzes the leakage noise monitoring data sent by the demodulator, analyzes whether leakage occurs or not, analyzes the position of a leakage point and the size of leakage amount if leakage occurs, and transmits an analysis result to the data release module 6.
The data issuing module 6 is used for issuing the detection/monitoring result to relevant personnel through means such as a display and/or a mobile phone APP.
The application example is that the leakage detection/monitoring system of the pressure water pipeline is used as a monitoring instrument and is applied to leakage detection of the long-distance large-scale water pipeline 101. In view of the characteristics of long distance, large caliber, complex surface conditions and the like of a long-distance large-scale buried water pipeline, the distributed acoustic optical fiber is selected as a sensor and a data transmission channel of leakage noise, the distributed acoustic optical fiber is arranged inside a water pipe along the axial direction of the water pipe, and the other end of the distributed acoustic optical fiber is led out of the water pipe and connected with a distributed acoustic sensing optical fiber demodulator. Due to the limitation of the current technical level and cost, the positioning accuracy of the long-distance optical fiber monitoring is generally 20m at present, and the actual requirement cannot be met. However, the system is based on a tracing method, the positioning precision of the leakage point can be improved to 1m, and the engineering requirements can be met.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A pressure water pipe leakage detection/monitoring system, comprising:
the sensing device is arranged along the extension direction of the water pipeline and used for sensing leakage noise of the water pipeline;
the data acquisition module is used for receiving the leakage noise sensed by the sensing device and converting the leakage noise into a leakage noise digital signal;
the central server receives the leakage noise digital signals fed back by the data acquisition module, analyzes the received leakage noise digital signals, judges whether the water pipeline leaks or not through calculation and analysis, positions the position of a leakage noise source according to the analysis result, namely determines the position of a leakage point, and calculates the leakage quantity of the leakage point so as to realize detection or monitoring of the leakage of the pressure water pipeline; and simultaneously, the central server sends a control instruction to the data acquisition module.
2. The pressure water pipe leakage detection/monitoring system according to claim 1, further comprising:
the data transmission module is used for transmitting the leakage noise signal digitized by the data acquisition module to the central server according to an instruction and receiving a control instruction output by the central server;
and the data publishing module is used for publishing the analysis result of the central server through a display and/or terminal equipment.
3. The pressure water pipe leakage detection/monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the sensing device comprises:
the vibration sensor is arranged on each movable base, so that each sensor is tightly coupled with the ground through the movable base;
the sound-proof housing is covered outside the movable base, the vibration sensor is positioned in the sound-proof housing, and the sound-proof housing is used for blocking external environment noise;
the traction belt is sequentially connected with the plurality of movable bases through the traction belt to form a sensor linear array;
the traction device is connected with one end of the traction belt and can drive the traction belt to move along the ground under traction, so that the plurality of movable bases and the vibration sensor are driven to integrally move together.
4. The pressure water pipe leakage detection/monitoring system according to claim 3, wherein the linear array of sensors is connected to the data acquisition module by a cable.
5. The pressure water pipe leakage detecting/monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the sensing device is a distributed acoustic sensor fiber;
the distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber is arranged inside the water pipeline along the axis direction of the pipeline, one end of the distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber extends to the outside of the water pipeline, and the distributed acoustic sensor optical fiber is used for transmitting optical signals and sensing vibration.
6. A leakage detection/monitoring method for a pressure water pipeline is characterized in that the method adopts a tracing method and comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging a sensing device along the extension direction of the water pipeline to sense leakage noise of the water pipeline, analyzing the received leakage noise digital signal by using a central server, judging whether the water pipeline leaks or not through calculation and analysis, and positioning the position of a leakage noise source according to an analysis result so as to determine the position of the leakage point;
s2: calculating the intensity of a noise source at the position of a leakage point by using a central server, and determining the leakage degree according to the intensity of the noise source;
s3: a steady-state random process method is used for analyzing leakage noise data so as to improve the position inference precision of a leakage point and the stability of a result.
7. The method for detecting/monitoring leakage of a pressure water pipe according to claim 6, wherein the S1 includes:
suppose that N vibration sensors are arranged along the extension direction of the water pipeline and are respectively pi1,2, 3.. N, the N vibration sensors each having x coordinatesiN, wherein the signals received by the N vibration sensors are siN, (t), i ═ 1,2, 3.. N, the source of leakage noise is located at x ═ x0Where the location of the leak point is x ═ x0At least one of (1) and (b);
assuming that a noise signal emitted by a leakage noise source is w (t) and a frequency spectrum thereof is W (f), signals received by any two sensors m and n are s respectivelym(t) and sn(t) Fourier spectra thereof are Sm(f) And Sn(f) Let v represent the propagation velocity of noise along the medium, f represent frequency, pi represent circumferential ratio, j represent imaginary unit, Exp () represent exponential function; then there are:
sm(t)＝w(t-(xm-x0)/v) ①
and sn(t)＝w(t-(xn-x0)/v) ①’
The Fourier spectrums are respectively as follows:
Sm(f)＝W(f)*Exp(-j2πf((xm-x0)/v)) ②
and Sn(f)＝W(f)*Exp(-j2πf((xn-x0)/v)) ②’
Then the signal sm(t) and snThe cross-spectra of (t) are:
the upper type
Due to propagation distance difference (x)n-xm) The phase lag of the signal caused by the difference in distance (x) between the two sensors m and nn-xm) And the propagation velocity v is uniquely determined; according to the formulae (c) and (c), if the first sensor p is used1For reference points, the individual sensors p are determined separatelyiSignal s of 1,2,3i(t), i ═ 1,2, 3.. N and sensor p1Signal s of1(t) cross spectra, yielding:
in the above formula | W (f) & gthaze2≥0，(x1-xi) The propagation velocity v of the leakage noise is obtained for a known quantity by:
suppose a velocity vkAt a velocity vkPhase difference between the following ith sensor and the first sensor:
then from the cross spectrum S1,i(f) Is eliminated from the phase angle
Corresponding to the sensor p1Is propagated to piFrom p to piTracing to p1；
Superposing the traced signals, and calculating the standardized superposition energy of the signals:
velocity v used if tracing to sourcekIt is correct that the traced signals have the same phase angle, and the superposed signal is strongest, namely the superposed energy EkMaximum, velocity v used if tracing to sourcekIncorrect, the traced signal can not reach the same phase, and the energy E after superpositionkWill be relatively smaller;
the propagation velocity of the leakage noise is obtained using the following velocity scanning method:
determining a minimum propagation velocity VminAnd maximum propagation velocity VmaxThen, the propagation velocity is increased by delta V at a certain speed so as to make the propagation velocity be increased from VminSequentially increasing to VmaxRespectively calculating the normalized superposition energy E corresponding to different propagation velocities according to the formulak(f) Finding out the maximum energy E0(f) Corresponding propagation velocity VoIs the actual propagation velocity of the leakage noise;
when obtaining the propagation velocity VoThen, according to the above formula 2, for all N sensors piN, assuming the location of the source of the leakage noise is xkCalculating the signal from xkIs propagated to the sensor piPosition-induced phase difference:
then from the sensor piSpectrum S ofi(f) Is eliminated from the phase angle
Corresponding to the sensor piLeakage noise signal from location piTracing to xkAnd then calculating the normalized superposition energy of the signals:
if the assumed location x of the leak pointkIt is correct that the traced signals have the same phase angle, and the superposed signal is strongest, namely the superposed energy EkMaximum, if the assumed location x of the leak pointkIncorrect, the traced signal can not reach the same phase, and the energy E after superpositionkWill be relatively smaller;
the position of the leakage noise source, namely the position of the leakage point, is determined by the following field source scanning method:
determining a minimum leakage noise source position XminAnd maximum leakage noise source position XmaxThen, the leakage noise source is positioned from X by a certain position increment delta XminChange to X in sequencemaxRespectively calculating the assumed positions x of different leakage noise sources by using the formula ninukCorresponding normalized superposition energy Ek(f) Finding out the maximum energy E0(f) Corresponding leakage noise source position x0I.e. the actual position x of the leak point0。
8. The method for detecting/monitoring leakage of a pressure water pipe according to claim 7, wherein the S2 includes:
let T be the length of the received signal, sensor piN. leakage noise s received by 1,2,3i(t) average amplitude AiN is expressed as:
Ai＝√(∫0 T(si 2(t)dt)/T，i＝1,2,3,...N ⑩
by signal amplitude A of N sensors in formula (R)iN and the position x of the N sensorsiN, establishing the relation a between the leakage noise intensity a and the position x, and substituting the relation a into the coordinate x of the leakage point position0Calculating the amplitude A of the leakage noise at the leakage point0＝g(x0) Then, the relation I ═ Q (A) between the leakage noise amplitude and the leakage degree is obtained through a calibration experiment, and the severity of the leakage is obtained as I0＝Q(A0)。
9. The tracing method for detecting/monitoring leakage of a pressure water pipe according to claim 8, wherein said S3 is performed according to the following steps:
s31: dividing the monitoring data acquired by the N sensors into M sections with equal length to obtain a set [ s ] of the monitoring datai m]N denotes a sensor number, [ s ] for a subscript i ═ 1,2,3i m]The superscript M ═ 1,2,3,. M denotes the data segment sequence number;
s32: with the first sensor p1For reference point, the 1 st data is used to respectively obtain other sensors piSignal s of 1,2,3i 1(t), i ═ 1,2, 3.. N and sensor p1Signal s of1 1(t) cross spectra (S)1 i,1(f))；
S33: respectively obtaining other sensors p by using the 2 nd dataiSignal s of 1,2,3i 2(t), i ═ 1,2, 3.. N and sensor p1Signal s of1 2(t) cross spectra (S)2 i,1(f))；
S34: according to the procedure of S33, cross-normal S of each data is obtained in turnm i,1(f)，m＝1,2,3,...M；
S35: and (3) solving the average value of the cross-normal set:
Sav i,1(f)＝(Σ(Sm i,1(f)，m＝1,2,3,...M))/M；
s36: by ensemble mean S of the cross spectraav i,1(f) Cross common in substitute formula (c)i,1(f) Obtaining the propagation speed of leakage noise by using the speed scanning method;
s37: for each segment of data, calculating the superposition energy E according to the formula ninthlyk,m(f) The superscript k is 1,2, 3.. represents a field source scanning serial number, and the superscript M is 1,2, 3.. M represents a data segment serial number;
s38: and (3) solving the aggregate average value of the superposition energy:
Ek,av(f)＝(Σ(Ek,m(f)，m＝1,2,3,...M))/M
s39: and finding out the position of the field source corresponding to the maximum superposition energy, namely the position of the leakage point.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method for leakage detection/monitoring of a pressure water conduit according to any one of claims 6-9.
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