CN112945383A - Hyper-spectral imager optical system with high luminous flux and low spectral distortion - Google Patents
Hyper-spectral imager optical system with high luminous flux and low spectral distortion Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
- G01J3/18—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating
- G01J3/1838—Holographic gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
- G01J3/18—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-luminous-flux and low-spectral-distortion optical system of a hyper-spectral imager, which comprises: the aperture diaphragm is positioned on the volume phase holographic transmission grating; the collimating lens group collimates the slit emergent light to be incident on the prism and the volume phase holographic transmission grating, the prism and the volume phase holographic transmission grating disperse the collimated light, and a continuous dispersion spectral image is formed by the focusing lens group and is projected on an image surface. The system adopts a dispersion element with high diffraction efficiency and a high numerical aperture design, so that the system has high optical transmission efficiency and high luminous flux; the system has the advantages of high spectral resolution, excellent imaging quality and small spectral distortion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hyperspectral imaging, and relates to an optical system of a hyperspectral imager with high luminous flux and low spectral distortion.
Background
The hyperspectral imager with high luminous flux and low spectral distortion plays an important role in the research field of weak light spectrum detection such as sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence detection of vegetation radiation. The basis of the plant for substance metabolism and energy metabolism is photosynthesis, under the condition of Solar illumination, in the processes of primary reaction, transmission and absorption of light energy and electric energy conversion of the photosynthesis, a very small part of light energy is released in the form of sunlight Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF), and the proportion of the light energy in a vegetation reflection spectrum is only 0.5% -2%. This weak fluorescence is very closely related to photosynthesis, and on the one hand, fluorescence is a direct indicator of photosynthetic productivity and negatively correlated with photosynthetic rate, indicating the magnitude of photosynthetic productivity under non-stressed conditions. On the other hand, the fluorescence characteristics are closely related to the stress degree of plants, and can accurately reflect the tolerance capability of the plants to light intensity, water, nutritional environment and plant diseases and insect pests and the damage degree of various stresses on plant organs, so that the fluorescence is called as a probe for plant health conditions and photosynthesis. The traditional hyperspectral imager is difficult to meet the remote sensing requirement of sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence due to the defects of spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. The hyperspectral imaging detector with high luminous flux and high optical performance needs to be further developed to meet the detection and application requirements of the hyperspectral imaging detector, and further the application capability of sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence in modern vegetation ecological environment research and accurate agricultural implementation is improved. The novel hyperspectral imager optical system design of the invention is further optimized and improved aiming at the following problems:
1. the spectral resolution of the system is improved to reach the spectral resolution of more than 0.3nm and the spectral sampling of 0.1 nm/pixel so as to meet the special detection mechanism of SIF;
2. the transmission efficiency and the numerical aperture of the system are improved, and the high signal-to-noise ratio required by SIF detection is met;
3. on the above premise, superior optical performance of the optical system is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a telecentric optical system of a hyperspectral imaging spectrometer, which has high luminous flux and high optical performance, wherein a core light splitting device is a prism-bulk phase holographic transmission grating, and the telecentric optical system has a numerical aperture of 0.25, a spectral resolution of 0.3nm and a spectral distortion of less than 0.2 pixel at a fluorescence characteristic observation waveband of 670nm to 780 nm.
The invention relates to an optical system of a hyper-spectral imager, which has high luminous flux, low spectral distortion and high optical imaging quality, and adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems: the device comprises a slit, a collimating mirror group, a prism, a volume phase holographic transmission grating and a focusing mirror group, wherein an aperture diaphragm is positioned on the volume phase holographic transmission grating; the collimating lens group collimates the slit emergent light to be incident on the prism and the volume phase holographic transmission grating, the prism and the volume phase holographic transmission grating disperse the collimated light, and a continuous dispersion spectral image is formed by the focusing lens group and is projected on an image surface.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the system adopts a dispersion element with high diffraction efficiency and a high numerical aperture design, so that the system has high optical transmission efficiency and high luminous flux; the system has the advantages of high spectral resolution, excellent imaging quality and small spectral distortion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an optical system of a hyperspectral imager of the invention with high luminous flux and low spectral distortion;
FIG. 2 is a graph of prism spectral distortion analysis in an optical system of a hyperspectral imager having high luminous flux and low spectral distortion in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the optical grating spectral distortion analysis in an optical system of a hyperspectral imager having high luminous flux and low spectral distortion in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a full field full band root mean square radius dot diagram of an optical system of a hyperspectral imager with high luminous flux and low spectral distortion of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a spectral distortion plot of the optical system of a hyperspectral imaging spectrometer with high light throughput and high optical performance in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
The invention belongs to the technical field of hyperspectral imaging, and relates to a hyperspectral imager optical system structure with high luminous flux and high optical performance, which can effectively extract faint light information.
Referring to fig. 1, a high luminous flux, low spectral distortion hyperspectral imager optical system component of the present invention is shown comprising: the device comprises a slit 1, a collimating mirror group, a prism 8, a volume phase holographic transmission grating 9 and a focusing mirror group, wherein an aperture diaphragm is positioned on the volume phase holographic transmission grating 9; the collimating lens group collimates the emergent light of the slit 1 to be incident on the prism 8 and the volume phase holographic transmission grating 9, the prism 8 and the volume phase holographic transmission grating 9 disperse the collimated light, and a continuous dispersion spectral image formed by the focusing lens group is projected on the image surface 16.
Furthermore, the system has a numerical aperture of 0.25-0.3, ultrahigh spectral resolution of 0.3nm and pixel spectral sampling of 0.1 nm/pixel; the volume phase holographic transmission grating with first-order diffraction efficiency of 80-96% is adopted by the dispersion element, so that the system has high luminous flux and high transmission efficiency.
The combination of the prism and the volume phase holographic transmission grating reduces the inherent spectral distortion of the system of the invention to be below 0.2 pixel elements, the root mean square radius value of a full-field point array chart is less than 5.5 microns in all wave bands, and the system has excellent imaging quality.
The collimating lens group is composed of a first lens 2, a second lens 3, a third lens 4, a fourth lens 5, a fifth lens 6 and a sixth lens 7, wherein the first lens 2, the second lens 3, the third lens 4, the fourth lens 5, the fifth lens 6 and the sixth lens 7 are sequentially arranged between the slit 1 and the prism 8.
The focusing lens group is composed of an eighth lens 10, a ninth lens 11, a tenth lens 12, an eleventh lens 13, a twelfth lens 14 and a thirteenth lens 15, and the eighth lens 10, the ninth lens 11, the tenth lens 12, the eleventh lens 13, the twelfth lens 14 and the thirteenth lens 15 are sequentially arranged between the volume phase holographic transmission grating 9 and the image plane 16.
The working wave band of the system is 670nm-780nm, and the sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence detection wave band is met. In the aspect of system model selection, in various existing imaging spectrum system forms, high-performance imaging spectrum systems capable of realizing high numerical aperture are all in the form of concentric spectrometers, namely an Offner structure and a Dyson structure, wherein the Offner structure is difficult to realize numerical aperture of more than 0.17, and the Dyson structure is difficult to provide spectral resolution required by fluorescence detection, wherein Offner is an Offner structure named by foreign Ownner; dyson is the Dyson structure named by the foreign Dasenna. In addition, considering that most of gratings used by a concentric spectrometer are convex or concave holographic reflection type diffraction gratings, the diffraction efficiency of the gratings is low and is generally between 25% and 40%, and the efficiency of the core light splitting device also greatly limits the light energy transmission efficiency of the system. Therefore, the invention finally adopts the design of a transmission type imaging spectral optical system with high numerical aperture, uses the volume phase holographic transmission grating 9 with ultrahigh first-order diffraction efficiency to improve the light energy transmission efficiency of the system, and simultaneously eliminates the inherent spectral distortion of the system by matching with the prism 8.
The detector is a CMOS, the number of pixels is 2048 multiplied by 2048, and the size of the pixels is 11 microns; the groove density of the volume phase holographic transmission grating 9 is 1200l/mm, the numerical aperture of the system is 0.25, and the transmission efficiency of each optical lens is higher than 98%. Considering the system cost, the physical and chemical properties and the processing performance of the material, and considering the engineering and the easy application of the material, two common materials of K9 and ZF2 are finally selected. In order to realize the magnification of approximate 1:1 and simplify the design, the collimating lens group and the focusing lens group of the system adopt the same structural form and are symmetrically arranged relative to the light splitting device, and the design method can eliminate various aberrations of the system to the maximum extent. The light splitting device consists of a prism 8 and a volume phase holographic transmission grating 9.
The inherent spectral distortion in the spectrometer is mainly determined by the beam splitting device. Referring to fig. 2, a diagram of the spectral distortion analysis of prism 8 is shown, in which: SO is the half height of the slit, O is the center of the slit, and OO' is the optical axis of the system. i.e. i1As angle of incidence of light, i2Is the angle of SO' with the optical axis, i3Is the included angle between the normal line l of the prism and the optical axis; alpha is the main section dispersion vertex angle, and alpha' is any section dispersion vertex angle. c1 is the main section intersection point and c2 is the arbitrary section intersection point.
Referring to FIG. 3, a diagram illustrating the spectral distortion analysis of a volume phase holographic transmission grating 9 is shown, wherein: SO is the half height of the slit, O is the center of the slit, OO' is the optical axis of the system, epsilon is the incident angle of light, and i-theta is the included angle between the normal l of the grating and the optical axis.
From the graph analysis, the direction of the spectral distortion of the prism 8 is toward the short wave direction, and the geometric relationship and the light diffraction law in fig. 2 are combined to obtain the spectral distortion Δ y of the prism 8PThe expression is as follows:
where n is the refractive index of the prism 8 material, f1Focal lengths of collimating and focusing lens groups, i3' incident angle of central incident ray of slit 1, i3"' is the exit angle of the light after passing through the prism 8, x is the height of the slit 1, and α is the apex angle of the prism 8.
The spectral distortion direction of the volume phase holographic transmission grating 9 is toward the long wavelength direction, and by combining the geometric relationship and the diffraction law of light in fig. 3, the spectral distortion Δ yG expression of the volume phase holographic transmission grating 9 can be obtained as follows:
wherein m phase holographic transmission grating 9 diffraction order, g is the groove density of the phase holographic transmission grating 9, λ is the selected wavelength, and θ is0The center wavelength diffraction angle. The prism 8 and the bulk phase holographic transmission grating 9 have opposite spectral distortion directions, so that the spectral distortion delta y of the prism 8 is distortedPSpectral distortion deltay of the volume phase holographic transmission grating 9GWhen the sum is 0, the spectral distortion of the system of the present invention is well corrected, and thus the optimum parameter combination of the prism 8 and the volume phase holographic transmission grating 9 can be obtained.
Referring to FIG. 4, a full field full band RMS radius dot plot for a system of the present invention is shown. The dot sequence chart comprehensively reflects the design evaluation result of the system. It can be seen that the root mean square radius of the full-field dot array is less than 5.5 microns in the full-wave band, i.e. the size of the image spot can be fully surrounded by the CMOS pixel, therefore, the system of the invention is designed to realize very good imaging quality in the full-field full-wave band.
Referring to FIG. 5, a spectral distortion plot for the system of the present invention is shown, wherein the center wavelength and two edge wavelengths are selected for analysis. The wavelength generating the maximum spectral distortion is the edge wavelength of 780nm, the distortion size is 2.2 microns and reaches 20 percent of the pixel, and the numerical value proves that the system achieves a good spectral distortion control result.
In the direction of image surface dispersion of the system, the image surface width occupied by the 110nm bandwidth is 12.99mm, and 1180.7 pixels are counted, so that the pixel spectrum sampling is 0.093 nm/pixel. The width of the slit 1 is 33 micrometers, the magnification is 1, the width of the slit image on the image surface is 33 micrometers, 3 pixels are occupied, the spectral resolution of the designed system is calculated to be 0.093 nm/pixel multiplied by 3 to be 0.279nm, and the spectral resolution better than 0.3nm is achieved.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A high-luminous-flux, low-spectral-distortion hyperspectral imager optical system, comprising: the aperture diaphragm is positioned on the volume phase holographic transmission grating; the collimating lens group collimates the slit emergent light to be incident on the prism and the volume phase holographic transmission grating, the prism and the volume phase holographic transmission grating disperse the collimated light, and a continuous dispersion spectral image is formed by the focusing lens group and is projected on an image surface.
2. A high-luminous-flux, low-spectral-distortion hyperspectral imager optical system as claimed in claim 1, further wherein the system has a numerical aperture of 0.25-0.3, has a spectral resolution of 0.3nm, and the pixel spectra samples 0.1 nm/pixel; the volume phase holographic transmission grating with first-order diffraction efficiency of 80-96% is adopted by the dispersion element, so that the system has high luminous flux and high transmission efficiency.
3. The high-luminous-flux low-spectral-distortion hyperspectral imager optical system of claim 1, wherein the combination of the prism and the volume-phase holographic transmission grating causes the inherent spectral distortion of the system to be less than 0.2 picture elements, and the full-field-of-view point diagram root mean square radius value is less than 5.5 microns at all bands, with superior imaging quality.
4. The high-luminous-flux, low-spectral-distortion hyperspectral imager optical system of claim 1, wherein the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth lenses of the set of collimating lenses are arranged in sequence between the slit and the prism.
5. The high-luminous-flux low-spectral-distortion hyperspectral imager optical system of claim 1, wherein the eighth lens, the ninth lens, the tenth lens, the eleventh lens, the twelfth lens and the thirteenth lens of the focusing lens group are sequentially arranged between the volume-phase holographic transmission grating and the image plane.
6. The high-luminous-flux low-spectral-distortion hyperspectral imager optical system of claim 1, further comprising a working wavelength band of 670nm to 780nm for satisfying the daylight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence detection band.
7. A high-luminous-flux, low-spectral-distortion hyperspectral imager optical system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said set of collimating mirrors and said set of focusing mirrors are of the same construction and are symmetrically disposed with respect to the prism and the volume phase holographic transmission grating for minimizing aberrations of the system.
8. A high luminous flux, low spectral distortion hyperspectral imager optical system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the prism has a spectral distortion ayPThe expression is as follows:
in the formula: n is the refractive index of the prism material, f1Focal lengths of collimating and focusing lens groups, i3' incident angle of central incident ray of slit, i3"' is the exit angle of the light after passing through the prism, x is the height of the slit, and alpha is the vertex angle of the prism.
9. The high-luminous-flux, low-spectral-distortion hyperspectral imager optical system of claim 1, wherein the volume-phase holographic transmission grating has a spectral distortion ayGThe expression is as follows:
in the formula: m phase holographic transmission grating diffraction order, g is the volume holographic transmission grating groove density, lambda is the selected wavelength, x is the height of the slit, f1The focal length of the collimating lens group and the focusing lens group, theta0The center wavelength diffraction angle.
10. The hyperspectral imager optical system of high luminous flux and low spectral distortion of claim 1, wherein the directions of the spectral distortions of the prism and the bulk-phase holographic transmission grating are opposite, and when the spectral distortion of the prism and the spectral distortion of the bulk-phase holographic transmission grating are added to zero, the spectral distortion of the system is corrected, thereby obtaining the optimal parameter combination of the prism and the bulk-phase holographic transmission grating.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040070853A1 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2004-04-15 | Noboru Ebizuka | Grism |
| CN104535184A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-22 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Light path structure of prism-grating imaging spectrometer |
| CN108896175A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-11-27 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of high-resolution for vegetation week fluorescent passive detection, high-NA imaging spectrometer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040070853A1 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2004-04-15 | Noboru Ebizuka | Grism |
| CN104535184A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-22 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Light path structure of prism-grating imaging spectrometer |
| CN108896175A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-11-27 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of high-resolution for vegetation week fluorescent passive detection, high-NA imaging spectrometer |
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