Background
With the continuous progress of the development trend of single-machine capacity maximization of the horizontal-axis wind generating set, increasing the height of the tower cylinder is one of feasible choices for capturing higher-quality wind energy resources and improving the generating capacity. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the cost, the light weight technology of the unit components is remarkably developed, the weight and the rigidity of the tower barrel are correspondingly reduced, various influences are integrated, and the natural frequency of the tower barrel is in a descending trend. According to the principle of cylindrical streaming in fluid mechanics, the cylinders are positioned in a flow field, and under the condition of a certain incoming flow speed, the wake flow of the cylinders can form antisymmetric vortex streets. According to the fluid mechanics vortex-induced vibration principle, when a vortex falls off from an attachment surface, the pressure distribution of the attachment surface is influenced, so that regular and alternate pressure changes are formed, and the method is equivalent to applying fixed frequency excitation with the numerical value equal to the vortex separation frequency to a tower barrel. For a high-flexibility tower, the vortex separation frequency of the tower drum is just close to the second-order natural frequency of the tower drum in the normal operation process, so that the vibration energy accumulation of a waist twisting type is driven to occur, and the safety of the tower drum and even a unit is seriously damaged.
Structural vibration damping devices, commonly referred to as tuned mass dampers. The tuned mass damper designed for the first-order natural frequency of a high-rise building is usually installed at the top of the building in a form of concentrated mass due to the utilization requirement of space in the building; the tuned mass damper designed for the first-order natural frequency of the tower of the wind generating set is usually hung at the top of the tower in a simple pendulum mode due to the requirement of space utilization in an engine room. The vibration damping device with the structure usually has good effect and is widely applied, but the second-order natural frequency vibration mode of the high tower structure has no deformation at the top, so that the suppression effect on the 'waist twisting' type vibration is not obvious.
A tuned mass damper designed for the second-order natural frequency of the tower of the wind generating set is generally selected to contain liquid/collision balls and the like in a container, and the accumulation of the vibration energy of the second-order natural frequency of the tower is absorbed and restrained by designing the liquid shaking/collision balls. In order to achieve a better vibration reduction effect, the mass of the tower needs to meet certain requirements, and the tower can be placed on the platform inside the tower barrel under the condition of heavier weight. The advantage is convenient for make, practice thrift cost, installation simple, and the shortcoming is: (1) the dynamic characteristics of the tower drum platform are not considered during design, and the tuned mass damper is not necessarily placed at the height which is most beneficial to absorbing the waist twisting type vibration; (2) the internal space of the tower barrel is occupied, and the operation and maintenance personnel are influenced; (3) the damper has a complex internal structure, and is not beneficial to complete fine modeling and quantitative evaluation of the vibration reduction effect of the tower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tower tube structure vibration damper of a high-flexibility tower wind generating set, which overcomes the defects of the existing structure vibration damper for the high-flexibility tower.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a tower barrel structure vibration damper of a high-flexibility tower wind generating set, which comprises a structure vibration damper body, wherein the structure vibration damper body comprises a plurality of slide rails, a spring mass block power system, a sliding connection structure and an elastic connection structure, and the plurality of slide rails are arranged on the outer side wall of a tower barrel along the axial direction of the tower barrel;
the sliding rail arranged in the middle is connected with a spring mass block power system in a sliding manner;
each of the rest slide rails is connected with a sliding connection structure in a sliding way;
the elastic connection structure is used for sequentially connecting the mass blocks arranged on the adjacent sliding rails and the sliding connection structure.
Preferably, the plurality of sliding rails are arranged in the same vertical plane, and the installation plane of the sliding rails is perpendicular to the incoming flow direction.
Preferably, the spring mass power system comprises a mass and a spring, wherein the mass and the spring are sleeved on the slide rail; one end of the spring is fixed at the fixed end of the sliding rail, and the other end of the spring is fixed on the mass block.
Preferably, the sliding connection structure is a sliding ring or a sliding block.
Preferably, the elastic connection structure is a rope or a spring.
Preferably, the natural frequency of the spring mass power system is equal to the second-order natural frequency of the tower.
Preferably, the mounting height of the slide rail where the spring mass block power system is located is the height of the tower cylinder with the maximum vibration mode amplitude corresponding to the second-order natural frequency of the tower cylinder.
Preferably, the installation height of the structural vibration damping device body is the height of a tower barrel which takes the second-order natural frequency of the tower barrel as the fixed frequency to form the shedding vortex street phenomenon.
Preferably, when a single main wind direction exists in a site, a group of structures are arranged, each group of structures comprises two structural vibration damping device bodies, the two structural vibration damping device bodies are located in the same vertical plane and symmetrically arranged on the outer side wall of the tower, and the installation plane is perpendicular to the incoming flow direction;
when a plurality of main wind directions exist in a site, a plurality of groups of structures are arranged, and the mounting plane of each group of structures is perpendicular to the incoming flow direction of the vortex street excitation tower cylinder with second-order natural frequency vibration.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the damping device for the tower cylinder structure of the high-flexibility tower wind generating set, disclosed by the invention, the vibration of the tower cylinder is absorbed through a spring mass block power system, the relative motion between a mass block and a slide rail is excited, and meanwhile, the mass block pulls an elastic connecting structure to swing; the damping action between the mass block and the slide rail and the deformation action of the elastic connecting structure realize the dissipation of the kinetic energy of the system; the elastic connection structure swings in a flow field to influence the flow velocity distribution near the tower drum and destroy the vortex-induced vibration forming conditions; therefore, the structural vibration damping device of the tower can effectively reduce the second-order natural frequency vibration of the tower structure with light weight; the structural vibration damping device can absorb the second-order natural frequency vibration kinetic energy of the tower drum of the wind generating set to form dissipation, can destroy the excitation condition of the related tower drum, and plays a role in damping the tower drum structure of the high-flexibility tower wind generating set; the device has the advantages of simple design, manufacture and installation, low cost, light weight and small influence on the safety of the tower barrel.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the tower tube structure vibration damping device of the high-flexibility tower wind generating set provided by the invention comprises a structure vibration damping device body, wherein the structure vibration damping device body comprises a plurality of slide rails 2, a mass block 3, a spring 4, a sliding connection structure 5 and an elastic connection structure 6, the plurality of slide rails 2 are arranged on the outer side wall of a tower tube 1 along the axial direction of the tower tube 1; the slide rail 2 arranged in the middle is sleeved with a mass block 3 and a spring 4, one end of the spring 4 is fixed at the fixed end of the slide rail 2, and the other end is fixed on the mass block 3.
The rest slide rails 2 are sleeved with a slide connecting structure 5.
The mass blocks 3 arranged on the adjacent slide rails 2 and the sliding connection structures 5 are sequentially connected through elastic connection structures 6.
The plurality of slide rails 2 are located in the same vertical plane.
The free end of the slide rail 2 is provided with a stop block for limiting the stroke range of the mass block 3 and the sliding connection structure 5.
The slide rails 2 are linear guide rails, and the number can be determined according to design requirements; which is used to constrain the direction of motion of the mass 3 and the sliding connection 5, providing damping to the mass 3 through friction.
The mass blocks 3 are concentrated masses, are arranged on the slide rails 2, and vibrate back and forth along the slide rails 2 under the action of the springs 4, and the number of the mass blocks can be determined according to design requirements; which is used to provide a lumped mass for the sprung mass powertrain.
Relative motion exists between the mass block 3 and the slide rail 2, and the kinetic energy of the system is dissipated through damping; pulling the elastic connecting structure 6 generates the swing.
The spring 4 is a mechanical spring, the fixed ends of the mass block 3 and the slide rail 2 are connected on the slide rail 2, and the spring deforms along with the movement of the mass block 3, and the number of the spring is the same as that of the mass block 3; providing restoring force for the sprung mass power system.
The sliding connection structure 5 is a sliding ring or a sliding block, is arranged on the sliding rail 2 and can move along the sliding rail 2, and the number can be determined according to the design requirement; providing a boundary constraint for the elastic attachment structure 6, stretching the elastic attachment structure 6.
The elastic connecting structure 6 is a rope or a spring and is connected with the mass block 3 and the sliding connecting structure 5 on the adjacent slide rail 2; the transmission metering block 3 vibrates to disturb a flow field near the tower; the system kinetic energy is dissipated by the deformation action (relaxation, tensioning).
The working principle of the structural damping device of the invention is described as follows:
when the incoming flow wind speed of the wind generating set reaches a certain critical value in the operation process, the wake flow of the tower drum 1 can form antisymmetric vortex streets, and the pressure change caused by vortex shedding can act on the tower drum 1 in a fixed frequency excitation effect according to the fluid mechanics vortex-induced vibration principle.
For a high-flexibility tower, the excitation frequency is close to the second-order natural frequency of the tower, and the tower shows a waist twisting type vibration. Through the slide rails 2 installed on the outer surface of the tower barrel 1, vibration is transmitted to a spring mass power system, relative motion between the mass block 3 and the slide rails 2 is excited, and meanwhile, the mass block 3 pulls the elastic connecting structure 6 to swing.
The forced vibration of the spring mass block power system is to absorb the vibration kinetic energy of second-order natural frequency from a tower system, and the dissipation of the kinetic energy of the system is realized by the damping action between the mass block 3 and the slide rail 2 and the deformation action of the elastic connecting structure 6;
the elastic connecting structure 6 swings in the flow field to influence the flow velocity distribution near the tower barrel, and the vortex-induced vibration forming conditions are damaged. Therefore, the tower tube structure vibration damper can effectively reduce the waist twisting type vibration of the tower tube structure with light weight.
The technical requirements of the tower tube structure vibration damping device of the high-flexibility tower wind generating set, which are related by the invention, can influence the vibration damping effect of the tower tube structure, so that the vibration damping device needs to be taken as a part of the invention and is described as follows:
the waist twisting type vibration of the tower barrel is the second-order natural frequency vibration of the tower barrel, according to the second-order natural frequency vibration mode of the tower barrel, a horizontal sliding rail 2 is designed and installed in a vertical plane with the vibration amplitude being relatively obvious and perpendicular to the incoming flow direction, a spring mass block power system is sleeved, the natural frequency of the spring mass block power system is designed to be equal to the second-order natural frequency of the tower barrel by adjusting the mass of a mass block 3, the elastic modulus of a spring 4 and other parameters, and the waist twisting type vibration kinetic energy of the tower barrel can be absorbed conveniently.
According to wake flow field analysis of the tower, under the condition that incoming flow wind speed corresponding to waist twisting type vibration occurs, the height range of the tower with the second-order natural frequency of the tower as fixed frequency to form the shedding vortex street phenomenon is determined, in the range and in a vertical plane perpendicular to the incoming flow direction, a sliding connection structure 5 is designed and installed in a mode that a horizontal sliding rail 2 is sleeved, and an elastic connection structure 6 is used for connecting a mass block 3 and the sliding connection structure 5 on the adjacent sliding rail 2.
The vibration kinetic energy of a dissipation system and the damping effect are increased by adjusting the contact area and the contact surface roughness between the mass block 3 and the slide rail 2 and adjusting the length, the elasticity and other parameters of the elastic connecting structure 6; through adjusting parameters such as the quality of the elastic connection structure 6, the stroke range of the sliding connection structure 5 on the slide rail 2 and the like, the swing amplitude of the elastic connection structure 6 is favorably adjusted, and the influence degree of the swing amplitude on the flow velocity distribution near the tower barrel 1 is controlled.
For incoming flow in a specific direction, two sets of tower drum structure vibration damping device bodies can be symmetrically arranged on two sides of a tower drum in a vertical plane perpendicular to the incoming flow direction, so that the vibration damping effect is effectively improved; for the condition that a plurality of main wind directions exist in a specific site, incoming flow directions with wind speeds capable of achieving vortex street excitation tower drum second-order natural frequency vibration can be screened out, tower drum structure vibration damping device bodies are installed in pairs in vertical planes perpendicular to the specific incoming flow directions, and tower drum structure vibration damping devices in different directions are mutually independent.
Because the tower drum structure is circumferentially symmetrical, the tower drum structure vibration damping devices in different orientations can use the same design.
The device and the method effectively realize the vibration reduction of the tower cylinder structure of the high-flexibility tower wind generating set.
When the incoming flow wind speed of the wind generating set reaches a certain critical value in the operation process, the wake flow of the tower barrel can form antisymmetric vortex streets, and the pressure change caused by vortex shedding can act on the tower barrel in a fixed frequency excitation effect according to the fluid mechanics vortex-induced vibration principle. For a high-flexibility tower, the excitation frequency is close to the second-order natural frequency of the tower, and the tower shows a waist twisting type vibration. The vibration is transmitted to a spring mass block power system through the slide rails arranged on the outer side surface of the tower barrel, the relative motion between the mass block and the slide rails is excited, and meanwhile the mass block pulls the elastic connecting structure to swing. The forced vibration of the spring mass block power system is to absorb the vibration kinetic energy of second-order natural frequency from a tower cylinder system, and the dissipation of the kinetic energy of the system is realized by the damping action between the mass block and the slide rail and the deformation action of the elastic connecting structure; the elastic connection structure swings in a flow field to influence the flow velocity distribution near the tower drum and destroy the vortex-induced vibration forming conditions. Therefore, the tower tube structure vibration damper can effectively reduce the waist twisting type vibration of the tower tube structure with light weight.