CN112943227A - Lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracing technology - Google Patents
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- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
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- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracing technology, which comprises the following steps: collecting geological data, designing construction, preparing before construction, constructing on site, putting in tracer, opening well after fracturing, collecting sample, processing sample, detecting sample, analyzing data and comprehensively explaining. Calculating the maximum dilution volume injected into the formation in step one according to the formula: vp = a · H · Sw · η, and the formula for the amount of lanthanide complex tracer dosed in step one is calculated as: q ═ μ · MDL · Vp. The tracer is put in the third step, so that a sand mixing truck can be used for adding different lanthanide series complex tracers into different intervals. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the lanthanide complex fracturing tracing technology can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the effect of the fracturing fluid on the stratum, indirectly reflects the flowback effect and the fracturing measure effect of each section of fracturing fluid in the volume fracturing process by monitoring the concentration of each tracer in each section of fracturing flowback fluid, and effectively solves the engineering problem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tracers, in particular to a lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracing technology.
Background
Because the porosity and permeability of the compact oil reservoir are extremely low, the compact oil reservoir is usually developed by adopting a technical means of combining horizontal well drilling and volume fracturing, a complex fracture network is formed after the volume fracturing, the seepage volume can be increased, the single well controlled reserve can be improved, the characterization of fracturing is always the key problem of the development of compact oil and even the whole unconventional oil and gas reservoir, the evaluation of the fracturing effect and the accuracy of production dynamic prediction are determined, the currently generally adopted fracturing monitoring means mainly comprise production dynamic analysis, microseism monitoring, fracturing fluid flowback analysis and the like, the production dynamic and fracturing fluid flowback analysis is to simplify a complex fracturing network into a regular fracture network for production prediction, the result accuracy is low, and the microseism monitoring has the defects of low signal-to-noise ratio, high cost and poor credibility, not every layer of each well is worked on and the fracture network participating in the flow cannot be evaluated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracing technology which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracing technology comprises the following steps:
step one, collecting geological data, constructing design, formulating a test implementation scheme, selecting the type of a required lanthanide complex tracer, and calculating the dosage of the lanthanide complex tracer according to a formula according to well spacing, reservoir thickness, porosity, water content, communication coefficient, instrument and minimum detection limit data of a well group;
preparing equipment and a required lanthanide complex tracer before construction;
step three, site construction and tracer feeding are carried out, wherein the mode of feeding the tracer is as follows: utilize the fracturing blender truck to add the tracer in different intervals during the fracturing construction, put in tracer mode two: adding a tracer into prepared fracturing fluid during fracturing construction;
opening a well and collecting samples after fracturing, and continuously sampling and monitoring at an outlet (a well head) of a liquid discharge pipeline during the period of flowback of fracturing fluid until flowback is finished;
step five, sample treatment, wherein the collected oil-water sample is filtered, and the collected filtrate needs to reach the clear and transparent degree; if the water content of the sample is not high or the sample exists in a water-in-oil state, dehydration treatment is required to be carried out firstly;
step six, sample detection, namely detecting the concentration of the lanthanide complex tracer in the sample by adopting an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) to obtain a lanthanide complex tracer concentration curve;
and seventhly, analyzing and comprehensively explaining the data, and comprehensively analyzing and processing the obtained data and curves, and comprehensively explaining and evaluating the data and the curves.
Preferably, the maximum dilution volume formula for injection into the formation calculated in step one is: vp = a · H · Sw · η, and the formula for the amount of lanthanide complex tracer dosed in step one is calculated as: q ═ μ · MDL · Vp.
Preferably, the tracer is put in the third step, and the injection speed can be uniformly adjusted on site according to different construction discharge volumes by adding different lanthanide complex tracers into different intervals of the sand mixing truck.
Preferably, the third step also comprises a mode of adding the lanthanide complex tracer into the prepared fracturing fluid, and different reservoirs use the fracturing fluid containing different lanthanide complex tracers.
Preferably, the salinity of the water bodies of the oil fields in the fifth step is different, quantitative filtrate is diluted by high-purity water according to different dilution times (the salinity of the water bodies of the oil fields is high, the interference of high-salt matrixes to elements to be detected is effectively reduced by reasonable dilution), 2-3 drops of nitric acid are added for acidification, and the mixture is shaken up and kept stand for detection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the lanthanide complex fracturing tracing technology can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the effect of the fracturing fluid on the stratum, indirectly reflects the flowback effect and the fracturing measure effect of each section of fracturing fluid in the volume fracturing process by monitoring the concentration of each tracer in each section of fracturing flowback fluid, and effectively solves the engineering problem.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of a staged fracturing tracer technique for lanthanide complexes according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the tracer production curve of the lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracer technique of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracing technique as shown in fig. 2 comprises the following steps:
step one, collecting geological data, constructing design, formulating a test implementation scheme, selecting the type of a required lanthanide complex tracer, and calculating the dosage of the lanthanide complex tracer according to a formula according to well spacing, reservoir thickness, porosity, water content, communication coefficient, instrument and minimum detection limit data of a well group;
preparing equipment and a required lanthanide complex tracer before construction;
step three, site construction and tracer feeding are carried out, wherein the mode of feeding the tracer is as follows: utilize the fracturing blender truck to add the tracer in different intervals during the fracturing construction, put in tracer mode two: adding a tracer into prepared fracturing fluid during fracturing construction;
opening a well and collecting samples after fracturing, and continuously sampling and monitoring at an outlet (a well head) of a liquid discharge pipeline during the period of flowback of fracturing fluid until flowback is finished;
step five, sample treatment, wherein the collected oil-water sample is filtered, and the collected filtrate needs to reach the clear and transparent degree; if the water content of the sample is not high or the sample exists in a water-in-oil state, dehydration treatment is required to be carried out firstly;
step six, sample detection, namely detecting the concentration of the lanthanide complex tracer in the sample by adopting an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) to obtain a lanthanide complex tracer concentration curve;
and seventhly, analyzing and comprehensively explaining the data, and comprehensively analyzing and processing the obtained data and curves, and comprehensively explaining and evaluating the data and the curves.
Calculating the maximum dilution volume injected into the formation in step one according to the formula: vp = a · H · Sw · η, and the formula for the amount of lanthanide complex tracer dosed in step one is calculated as: q ═ μ · MDL · Vp; adding the tracer, namely uniformly adjusting the injection speed on site according to different construction discharge volumes in a mode that different lanthanide complex tracers are added into different intervals by using a sand mixing truck; step three also comprises a mode of adding the lanthanide complex tracer into the prepared fracturing fluid, wherein the fracturing fluid containing different lanthanide complex tracers is used for different reservoirs; and fifthly, taking the mineralization difference of the water bodies of the oil fields, diluting a certain amount of filtrate by using high-purity water according to different dilution times (the salinity of the water bodies of the oil fields is high, reasonably diluting the filtrate to effectively reduce the interference of a high-salt matrix on elements to be detected), adding 2-3 drops of nitric acid for acidification, shaking up, and standing for detection.
The specific technical principle of the lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracing technology is as follows:
the lanthanide complex fracturing tracing technology injects different lanthanide complex tracers into different fracturing layers along with fracturing fluid, and intensively samples and monitors the concentration change of the lanthanide complex tracers in flowback fluid during flowback after fracturing; after the lanthanide complex tracer is injected into an oil well along with fracturing fluid, the lanthanide complex tracer firstly enters a stratum along a fracturing fracture and is driven by the fracturing fluid to reach the farthest end of the fracturing fracture; after fracturing, under the action of production pressure difference, the tracer flows back to a shaft along with formation fluid, and then a peak value appears on the output curve of the tracer; due to the difference of the spreading and fracturing effects of reservoir parameters, the shapes of curves are different; when a multi-layer section is fractured, due to the fact that reservoir characteristics of each fractured interval and fractures formed by fracturing are different, tracer advancing distances are also different, the drawn curve shapes are also different, and the multi-peak response of some tracer curves is shown in figure 1.
The currently commonly used lanthanide complex tracer comprises high molecular compounds of yttrium, scandium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium elements, and the tracer has the following conditions:
1) the fracturing fluid has high compatibility with the fracturing fluid and has no influence on the performance of the fracturing fluid;
2) the extremely high detection limit can reach ppq grade (10-15 mu g/L);
3) long-term chemical and thermal stability;
4) no adsorption on the rock surface or around the wellbore;
5) has no chemical reaction with reservoir fluid and no element exchange.
The lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracer technique of the present invention is explained below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
(1) design of construction
Test embodiments were developed to select the desired lanthanide complex tracer species. According to the well spacing, reservoir thickness, porosity, water content, communication coefficient and instrument of well group and minimum detection limit data, the dosage (generally about kilogram) of lanthanide complex tracer agent can be calculated according to the following steps and formula:
first, the maximum dilution volume injected into the formation is calculated:
Vp = A·H·Sw·η
in the formula:
vp-maximum dilution volume, m3；
A-swept area, m 2;
h-injector well effective thickness, m;
sw-sand layer water saturation,%;
eta-sweep efficiency,%.
Next, the amount of lanthanide complex tracer dosed was calculated:
Q＝μ·MDL·Vp
in the formula:
dosage of Q-mu tracer agent, g;
mu-assurance coefficient;
MDL-minimum detection limit of instrument.
(2) Preparation before construction.
(3) On-site construction
During fracturing construction, a tracer can be added from a sand mixing truck, different lanthanide complex tracers are added into different intervals, and the injection speed is uniformly adjusted on site according to different construction discharge volumes; lanthanide complex tracers may also be added to formulated fracturing fluids, with fracturing fluids containing different lanthanide complex tracers being used for different reservoirs.
(4) Sample collection
During the period of the flowback of the fracturing fluid, the outlet (wellhead) of the drainage pipeline is continuously tracked, sampled and monitored until the flowback is finished.
(5) Sample processing
Filtering the collected oil-water sample, wherein the collected filtrate needs to reach the clear and transparent degree; if the water content of the sample is not high or the sample exists in a water-in-oil state, dehydration treatment is required first. According to the mineralization difference of water bodies of various oil fields, quantitative filtrate is taken and diluted by high-purity water according to different dilution times (the salinity of the water bodies of the oil fields is high, and the interference of high-salt matrixes to elements to be detected is effectively reduced by reasonable dilution). Adding 2-3 drops of nitric acid for acidification, shaking up, and standing for testing.
(6) Sample detection
And detecting the concentration of the lanthanide complex tracer in the sample by adopting an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) to obtain a lanthanide complex tracer concentration curve.
(7) Interpretation of analysis
And (4) comprehensively analyzing and processing data and curves, and comprehensively explaining and evaluating. Principle of interpretation of lanthanide complex tracer yield curves: there are several large channels with several peaks, but there are not necessarily several peaks with several large channels, since several large channels may present tracer simultaneously. Under the condition that the tracer is injected into the same water injection hole for 1 time, 2 or more peaks can not appear in the same 1 macropore.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, collecting geological data, constructing design, formulating a test implementation scheme, selecting the type of a required lanthanide complex tracer, and calculating the dosage of the lanthanide complex tracer according to a formula according to well spacing, reservoir thickness, porosity, water content, communication coefficient, instrument and minimum detection limit data of a well group;
preparing equipment and a required lanthanide complex tracer before construction;
step three, site construction and tracer feeding are carried out, wherein the mode of feeding the tracer is as follows: utilize the fracturing blender truck to add the tracer in different intervals during the fracturing construction, put in tracer mode two: adding a tracer into prepared fracturing fluid during fracturing construction;
opening a well and collecting samples after fracturing, and continuously sampling and monitoring at an outlet (a well head) of a liquid discharge pipeline during the period of flowback of fracturing fluid until flowback is finished;
step five, sample treatment, wherein the collected oil-water sample is filtered, and the collected filtrate needs to reach the clear and transparent degree; if the water content of the sample is not high or the sample exists in a water-in-oil state, dehydration treatment is required to be carried out firstly;
step six, sample detection, namely detecting the concentration of the lanthanide complex tracer in the sample by adopting an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) to obtain a lanthanide complex tracer concentration curve;
and seventhly, analyzing and comprehensively explaining the data, and comprehensively analyzing and processing the obtained data and curves, and comprehensively explaining and evaluating the data and the curves.
2. The lanthanide complex frac tracing technique of claim 1, wherein said maximum dilution volume formula calculated for injection into the formation in step one is: vp = a · H · Sw · η, and the formula for the amount of lanthanide complex tracer dosed in step one is calculated as: q ═ μ · MDL · Vp.
3. The lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracing technology of claim 1, wherein said tracer dosing in step three can utilize a sand mixing truck to add different lanthanide complex tracers in different intervals, and the injection speed can be uniformly adjusted on site according to different construction displacement.
4. The lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracing technique of claim 1, wherein said third step further comprises adding lanthanide complex tracer to prepared fracturing fluid, and different reservoirs use fracturing fluid containing different lanthanide complex tracer.
5. The lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the salinity of the water in each oil field is different in the fifth step, and the quantitative filtrate is diluted with high purity water according to different dilution times (the salinity of the water in the oil field is high, and the interference of the high salt matrix on the element to be tested is effectively reduced by reasonable dilution), acidified by adding 2-3 drops of nitric acid, shaken up, and left to stand for testing.
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| CN115288649A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-11-04 | 西安石油大学 | Tracer system for coal bed gas reservoir and coal bed gas horizontal well fracturing monitoring method |
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