CN104514557A - Inter-well monitoring method for monitoring water sample - Google Patents
Inter-well monitoring method for monitoring water sample Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104514557A CN104514557A CN201310468268.3A CN201310468268A CN104514557A CN 104514557 A CN104514557 A CN 104514557A CN 201310468268 A CN201310468268 A CN 201310468268A CN 104514557 A CN104514557 A CN 104514557A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- tracer
- well
- soluble
- injection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010205 computational analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
- E21B47/11—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using tracers; using radioactivity
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tracer test, and in particular relates to an inter-well monitoring method for monitoring a water sample. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of sampling and analyzing an oil well water sample and an injection well water sample within a monitoring well area; screening a proper water-soluble tracer; calculating the dosage of the water-soluble tracker; preparing into tracer solid powder or a tracer solution; injecting the prepared tracer solid powder or tracer solution into an injection well; sampling and detecting the output concentration of the water-soluble tracer in the water sample; calculating the front edge advance speed of inter-well injected water; drawing a trace element tracer output curve; determining the advance speed and direction of injected liquid. According to the method, the liquid advance speed and flowing direction can be effectively monitored through the water-soluble tracer; the operation steps are relatively simple; the cost is low; the cost of manpower and materials is low; the method is easily performed; with the adoption of the method, workers at an oilfield can know the internal condition of an oil reservoir, and thus high technology support and guarantee are provided for efficient development and long-term stable production of the oilfield.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to Tracer Test Technology field, particularly relate to a kind of inter-well test water sample monitoring method.
[background technology]
Along with oil reservoir development is to meticulous water filling, meticulous steam injection future development, production test also changes to meticulous zonal testing direction gradually, and the means of reservoir monitoring are also more and more important.Inter-well tracer test method describes to have the important means of reservoir heterogeneity and mobility between closing well, can determine that well group is connective, the feature such as high permeability formation, fault properties and remaining oil saturation evaluation between oil-water well by this technology.Inter-well tracer test test is injected in water injection well by tracer, monitors the output situation of tracer around in producing well, if there is tracer to occur in producing well, then proves that water injection well is communicated with producing well, and be the main direction of propulsion injecting water.Utilize the break through of tracer, can determine that each well injects the tempo of penetration of fluid, the number of connectivity layer is relevant to the peak value of tracer output, by software the Fitting Calculation, can the connecting degree of quantitative description water injection well and producing well and reservoir in the plane with the anisotropic in longitudinal direction.The tracer selected can follow the trail of injection fluid effectively, monitoring tracer in well and oil reservoir in dynamic, enroll data exactly, obtained a result by computational analysis, thus reach the object of inter-well test.
Utilize inter-well tracer test technology to monitor inter-well test water sample, be conducive to field operations personnel and clearly understand injection fluid-propelled speed and the flow direction, the feed flow source of well of being benefited, reacts distribution situation and the characteristics of motion of underground fluid effectively; Be conducive to field operations personnel evaluation and inject fluid-propelled directionality and speed difference thereof, differentiation channelling directly perceived and reservoir situation.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of inter-well test water sample monitoring method, fluid-propelled speed and the flow direction are injected in monitoring that can be simple and easy to do, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) tracer is screened: sample analysis is carried out to the oil well water sample and Injection Well water sample of monitoring wellblock, filters out suitable water-soluble tracer;
(2) consumption of water-soluble tracer is calculated: according to the injection rate of the water-soluble tracer filtered out in following formulae discovery step (1),
In formula: M-tracer consumption, Kg; π-pi, gets 3.14; The average water saturation of Sw-monitor layer (usually substituting with moisture content), f; The average injector producer distance of R-, m; The average sandstone thickness of h-oil-water well monitor layer, m; Ф-monitor layer presses the average weighted degree of porosity of sandstone thickness, f; μ-experience assurance coefficient, zero dimension; MDL-instrument LDL and background concentration maximum value therebetween, ng/mL; The mass percent that ω-effectively probe material is shared in tracer, %;
(3) water-soluble tracer calculating handy amount in step (2) is made tracer pressed powder or is configured to reactor solution;
(4) the tracer pressed powder configured in step (3) or reactor solution are injected water injection well;
(5) sampling and detection: after the injection end of job in described step (4), according to sampling designing requirement, sample time is relatively fixing, samples, detect the output concentration of water-soluble tracer in water sample to the oil well of monitoring wellblock;
(6) according to injector producer distance, water-soluble tracer break through, determine to inject water body frontal movement speed between well, its design formulas is as follows:
In formula: V-injects water body and pushes away speed, m/d; L-injector producer distance, m; T breakthrough-tracer breakthrough the time; T injection-tracer injection length;
(7) draw Uranium determination agent production curve, determine to inject fluid-propelled speed and direction.
Implant operation in described step (4) is general implant operation.
In described step (7), contrast and multiwell analysis between well are done to the water-soluble tracer water filling of water injection well and monitoring wellblock oil well and production profile, determine that water injection manifold is to, flow velocity.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention utilizes water-soluble tracer effectively to monitor fluid fltting speed and the flow direction, and operating procedure is fairly simple, cost is less, manpower and materials cost is low, easy to implement; The method makes field operations personnel recognize oil reservoir inner case, be conducive to field operations personnel evaluation and inject fluid-propelled directionality and speed difference thereof, differentiation channelling directly perceived and reservoir situation, for oil field Efficient Development and long term stable production provide strong technical support and guarantee.The invention provides a kind of easy and simple to handle, micro-inter-well test method of having a extensive future.
[detailed description of the invention]
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment
A kind of inter-well test water sample monitoring method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) tracer is screened: sample analysis is carried out to the oil well water sample and Injection Well water sample of monitoring wellblock, filters out suitable water-soluble tracer;
(2) consumption of water-soluble tracer is calculated: according to the injection rate of the water-soluble tracer filtered out in following formulae discovery step (1),
In formula: M-tracer consumption, Kg; π-pi, gets 3.14; The average water saturation of Sw-monitor layer (usually substituting with moisture content), f; The average injector producer distance of R-, m; The average sandstone thickness of h-oil-water well monitor layer, m; Ф-monitor layer presses the average weighted degree of porosity of sandstone thickness, f; μ-experience assurance coefficient, zero dimension; MDL-instrument LDL and background concentration maximum value therebetween, ng/mL; The mass percent that ω-effectively probe material is shared in tracer, %;
(3) water-soluble tracer calculating handy amount in step (2) is made tracer pressed powder or is configured to reactor solution;
(4) the tracer pressed powder configured in step (3) or reactor solution are injected water injection well, implant operation is general implant operation;
(5) sampling and detection: after the injection end of job in described step (4), according to sampling designing requirement, sample time is relatively fixing, samples, detect the output concentration of water-soluble tracer in water sample to the oil well of monitoring wellblock;
(6) according to injector producer distance, water-soluble tracer break through, determine to inject water body frontal movement speed between well, its design formulas is as follows:
In formula: V-injects water body and pushes away speed, m/d; L-injector producer distance, m; T breakthrough-tracer breakthrough the time; T injection-tracer injection length;
(7) draw Uranium determination agent production curve, contrast and multiwell analysis between well are done to the water-soluble tracer water filling of water injection well and monitoring wellblock oil well and production profile, determines to inject fluid-propelled speed and direction.
The present invention utilizes water-soluble tracer effectively to monitor fluid fltting speed and the flow direction, and operating procedure is fairly simple, cost is less, manpower and materials cost is low, easy to implement; The method makes field operations personnel recognize oil reservoir inner case, be conducive to field operations personnel evaluation and inject fluid-propelled directionality and speed difference thereof, differentiation channelling directly perceived and reservoir situation, for oil field Efficient Development and long term stable production provide strong technical support and guarantee.The invention provides a kind of easy and simple to handle, micro-inter-well test method of having a extensive future.
Above one embodiment of the present of invention have been described in detail, but described content being only preferred embodiment of the present invention, can not being considered to for limiting practical range of the present invention.All equalizations done according to the present patent application scope change and improve, and all should still belong within patent covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. an inter-well test water sample monitoring method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) tracer is screened: sample analysis is carried out to the oil well water sample and Injection Well water sample of monitoring wellblock, filters out suitable water-soluble tracer;
(2) consumption of water-soluble tracer is calculated: according to the injection rate of the water-soluble tracer filtered out in following formulae discovery step (1),
In formula: M-tracer consumption, Kg; π-pi, gets 3.14; The average water saturation of Sw-monitor layer (usually substituting with moisture content), f; The average injector producer distance of R-, m; The average sandstone thickness of h-oil-water well monitor layer, m; Ф-monitor layer presses the average weighted degree of porosity of sandstone thickness, f; μ-experience assurance coefficient, zero dimension; MDL-instrument LDL and background concentration maximum value therebetween, ng/mL; The mass percent that ω-effectively probe material is shared in tracer, %;
(3) water-soluble tracer calculating handy amount in step (2) is made tracer pressed powder or is configured to reactor solution;
(4) the tracer pressed powder configured in step (3) or reactor solution are injected water injection well;
(5) sampling and detection: after the injection end of job in described step (4), according to sampling designing requirement, sample time is relatively fixing, samples, detect the output concentration of water-soluble tracer in water sample to the oil well of monitoring wellblock;
(6) according to injector producer distance, water-soluble tracer break through, determine to inject water body frontal movement speed between well, its design formulas is as follows:
In formula: V-injects water body and pushes away speed, m/d; L-injector producer distance, m; T breakthrough-tracer breakthrough the time; T injection-tracer injection length;
(7) draw Uranium determination agent production curve, determine to inject fluid-propelled speed and direction.
2. a kind of inter-well test water sample monitoring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the implant operation in described step (4) is general implant operation.
3. a kind of inter-well test water sample monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (7), contrast and multiwell analysis between well are done to the water-soluble tracer water filling of water injection well and monitoring wellblock oil well and production profile, determine that water injection manifold is to, flow velocity.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310468268.3A CN104514557A (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2013-10-07 | Inter-well monitoring method for monitoring water sample |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310468268.3A CN104514557A (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2013-10-07 | Inter-well monitoring method for monitoring water sample |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104514557A true CN104514557A (en) | 2015-04-15 |
Family
ID=52790380
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310468268.3A Pending CN104514557A (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2013-10-07 | Inter-well monitoring method for monitoring water sample |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104514557A (en) |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106401552A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-02-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Post-fracture flow-back tracking detecting method for horizontal well |
| CN106707365A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-24 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for monitoring geothermal reservoir temperature and fracture distribution and device thereof |
| CN106761709A (en) * | 2017-02-04 | 2017-05-31 | 郑州青林昊晟石油技术开发有限公司 | Store the logging method of correlative flow |
| CN107740690A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-02-27 | 朱玉景 | A kind of inter-well test method using solid tracers |
| CN108005641A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-08 | 北京捷贝通石油技术有限公司 | A kind of oil base trace chemistry tracer and the method for evaluating each section of oil-producing contribution rate of horizontal well |
| CN109138989A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2019-01-04 | 大庆东方兴盛石油科技服务有限公司 | Tracer monitoring technique method |
| CN109577966A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-04-05 | 四川富利斯达石油科技发展有限公司 | Using the method for tracer monitoring individual well residual oil saturation |
| CN109707373A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-05-03 | 西安石油大学 | A kind of two-way tracing method of horizontal well-straight well based on producing profile testing and inter-well tracer test |
| CN110637147A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2019-12-31 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | Detecting tracer breakthrough from multiple wells mixed at a gas-oil separation device |
| CN112901134A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-04 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Distance determination method, speed prediction method, distance determination device, speed prediction device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN112922592A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-08 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Method and device for predicting flow channel and speed, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN112943227A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-11 | 天津大港油田圣达科技有限公司 | Lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracing technology |
| CN112943226A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-11 | 天津大港油田圣达科技有限公司 | Method for evaluating staged fracturing effect and oil-water contribution of each stage of horizontal well by oil-water tracer |
| CN114482986A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-05-13 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Method for monitoring oil saturation of each fractured section of horizontal well by using tracer |
-
2013
- 2013-10-07 CN CN201310468268.3A patent/CN104514557A/en active Pending
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106401552A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-02-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Post-fracture flow-back tracking detecting method for horizontal well |
| CN106707365A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-24 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for monitoring geothermal reservoir temperature and fracture distribution and device thereof |
| CN106761709A (en) * | 2017-02-04 | 2017-05-31 | 郑州青林昊晟石油技术开发有限公司 | Store the logging method of correlative flow |
| CN106761709B (en) * | 2017-02-04 | 2018-02-06 | 郑州青林昊晟石油技术开发有限公司 | Store the logging method of correlative flow |
| CN110637147A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2019-12-31 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | Detecting tracer breakthrough from multiple wells mixed at a gas-oil separation device |
| CN107740690B (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2019-05-10 | 张成富 | A kind of inter-well test method using solid tracers |
| CN107740690A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-02-27 | 朱玉景 | A kind of inter-well test method using solid tracers |
| CN108005641A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-08 | 北京捷贝通石油技术有限公司 | A kind of oil base trace chemistry tracer and the method for evaluating each section of oil-producing contribution rate of horizontal well |
| CN108005641B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2023-08-15 | 捷贝通石油技术集团股份有限公司 | Oil-based trace chemical tracer and method for evaluating contribution rate of oil production of each section of horizontal well |
| CN109138989A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2019-01-04 | 大庆东方兴盛石油科技服务有限公司 | Tracer monitoring technique method |
| CN109577966A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-04-05 | 四川富利斯达石油科技发展有限公司 | Using the method for tracer monitoring individual well residual oil saturation |
| CN109707373A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-05-03 | 西安石油大学 | A kind of two-way tracing method of horizontal well-straight well based on producing profile testing and inter-well tracer test |
| CN109707373B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2022-06-14 | 西安石油大学 | Horizontal well-vertical well bidirectional tracing method based on fluid production profile test and inter-well tracing |
| CN112943227A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-11 | 天津大港油田圣达科技有限公司 | Lanthanide complex staged fracturing tracing technology |
| CN112943226A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-11 | 天津大港油田圣达科技有限公司 | Method for evaluating staged fracturing effect and oil-water contribution of each stage of horizontal well by oil-water tracer |
| CN112901134A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-04 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Distance determination method, speed prediction method, distance determination device, speed prediction device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN112922592A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-08 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Method and device for predicting flow channel and speed, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN112901134B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2022-04-26 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Distance determination method, speed prediction method, distance determination device, speed prediction device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN112922592B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2022-05-20 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Method and device for predicting flow channel and speed, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN114482986A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-05-13 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Method for monitoring oil saturation of each fractured section of horizontal well by using tracer |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104514557A (en) | Inter-well monitoring method for monitoring water sample | |
| CN105628894B (en) | A kind of Low-salinity flood-pot experiment simulation, evaluation system and method | |
| CN106246170B (en) | Five core translocation physical simulating devices and flow net model method | |
| CN103556994A (en) | Experimental detecting system and detecting method for distribution of remaining oil in fracture-cavity reservoir bed | |
| CN101672761A (en) | Device and method for testing soil-water characteristic curve of sandy soil | |
| CN1166964C (en) | Tracing technique for detecting micro substance between wells in oil field | |
| CN109736788B (en) | Experimental method for judging chemical flooding front edge wave state | |
| CN108107182A (en) | Free gas and adsorbed gas content determination method in a kind of shale gas | |
| CN109752306A (en) | Dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method and its test macro | |
| CN205643096U (en) | Equipment for testing relative permeability of rock core | |
| CN105201493B (en) | A kind of dual tracer method for identifying water-drive pool reservoir heterogeneity | |
| WO2012082481A3 (en) | Chemical scavenger for downhole chemical analysis | |
| CN108918388A (en) | Aquifer solute dispersion coefficient and hole rate determination method | |
| CN209821028U (en) | Rock core permeability testing arrangement | |
| US10866165B2 (en) | System for automatic sampling and detection of on-line gas by high-temperature and high-pressure simulator and detection method thereof | |
| CN106996293A (en) | Oil field trace matter detection monitoring technology | |
| CN103758512A (en) | Method and device for integrally testing reaction and seepage characteristics in oil reservoir | |
| CN105547848A (en) | Mixed core testing chamber and mud rock breakthrough pressure testing device | |
| CN104514550A (en) | Inter-well monitoring method for radioactive isotope | |
| CN115290702B (en) | Device and method for monitoring migration of upscale fracture pollutants | |
| CN201428446Y (en) | Fractured reservoir physical simulation experimental device | |
| CN111272978B (en) | Evaluation of CO2Device and method for testing influence on flat acid rock reaction rate | |
| CN209707317U (en) | Dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test macro | |
| CN105003258B (en) | A kind of acquisition methods of HTHP gas-bearing formation methane stream density matrix parameter | |
| CN103308667A (en) | Method for measuring precipitation capacity of crude oil asphaltene in saturated core during immiscible carbon dioxide displacement |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20150415 |