CN109752306A - Dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method and its test macro - Google Patents
Dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method and its test macro Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method and its test macro, belongs to Geotechnical Engineering field.The dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method includes: to choose sample, saturated sample, apply confining pressure, apply dynamic load, apply fluid pressure, calculate permeability.The test macro includes that pressure indoor, confining pressure loading device, power loading device and pore pressure loading device, pressure indoor are hollow.Confining pressure loading device is connect with pressure indoor, and power loading device is abutted with pressure indoor, and power loading device is used to apply dynamic load to rock sample along the axial of rock sample.Pore pressure loading device includes pipeline and hydraulic pump, and pipeline is connected to hydraulic pump and pressure indoor respectively, and hydraulic pump is used to pump liquid to the end of stone sample.Present invention improves stress state suffered by rock sample in the prior art is single, the technical issues of cannot reflecting underground engineering safety under dynamic load and water pressure collective effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering fields, in particular to a kind of dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability
Test method and its test macro.
Background technique
With China's rapid development of economy, the underground engineering construction in the fields such as traffic, water conservancy and hydropower is developed on an unprecedented scale,
The topographic and geologic condition that underground engineering encounters during operation is increasingly sophisticated, and the engineering project disaster problem faced also increasingly has
Challenging, wherein the threat of underground water is especially prominent, and underground water can destroy the stability of underground engineering, for accurate evaluation
It is lauched the influence to underground engineering, it is necessary to measure the permeability of subsurface rock.
In underground engineering operation stage, subsurface rock is often subject to the disturbance of periodic dynamic load, as tunnel, subway exist
The circulation disturbance for the traffic loading being subject to during operation.Dynamic load long-term existence is in underground engineering operation stage, and rock is dynamic
Penetration Signature under load long term reflects the deformation and failure rule of rock to a certain extent.Rock under dynamic loading
Permeability and the static load permeability that acts on lower rock have significant difference.It is therefore possible for the detected that rock in dynamic load perturbation process
Permeability for evaluate underground engineering long-time stability be of great significance.
And the method for existing test rock permeability is carried out under the conditions of static loading, that is, passes through simulation rock
Stress state of the sample in underground engineering, and after the stress state is stablized, test infiltration of the rock under the stress state
Rate.As can be seen that the permeability that the method for existing test rock permeability obtains is unable to the long-term of accurate evaluation underground engineering
Stability.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method and its test macro,
It is single to solve stress state suffered by rock sample in the prior art, it cannot reflect underground under dynamic load and water pressure collective effect
The technical issues of engineering safety.The present invention provides a kind of dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method, comprising:
It chooses sample: filtering out qualified rock sample；
Saturated sample: rock sample is soaked, so that rock sample is saturated；
Apply confining pressure: along the circumferential direction of rock sample, applying confining pressure needed for testing to rock sample；
Apply dynamic load: along the axial direction of rock sample, applying dynamic load needed for testing to rock sample；
Apply fluid pressure: along the axial direction of rock sample, liquid is conveyed to wherein one end of rock sample, so that rock tries
Sample wherein one end by fluid pressure, and make rock sample both ends hydraulic pressure be equal to test needed for osmotic pressure；
It calculates permeability: while applying dynamic load and applying fluid pressure, measuring and flow to rock sample wherein one end
The flow of liquid is based on flow, and the permeability of rock sample is calculated using Darcy's law.
Further, further include the steps that carrying out before applying dynamic load step:
Apply axial static pressure: before applying dynamic load step, along the axial direction of rock sample, rock sample being applied and is tried
Axial static pressure needed for testing.
Further, further include the steps that carrying out after saturated sample step:
It forces saturation: after saturated sample step, along the circumferential direction of rock sample, pressure, Yi Jiyan being applied to rock sample
The axial direction of rock sample applies osmotic pressure to the end of rock sample, to force saturated sample.
The present invention provides a kind of dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test macro, including pressure indoor, confining pressure load dress
It sets, power loading device and pore pressure loading device；
Pressure indoor is hollow, and pressure indoor is for holding rock sample；
Confining pressure loading device is connect with pressure indoor, and confining pressure loading device is used for the circumferential direction along pressure indoor, passes through pressure indoor pair
Rock sample applies confining pressure；
Power loading device is abutted with pressure indoor, and power loading device is used for the axial direction along rock sample, passes through pressure indoor
Dynamic load is applied to rock sample；
Pore pressure loading device includes pipeline and hydraulic pump, and pipeline is connected to hydraulic pump, and pipeline passes through pressure indoor and rock tries
The end of sample connects, and hydraulic pump is used to pump liquid to the end of rock sample.
Further, power loading device includes piston cylinder and hydraulic station；
Piston cylinder is connected to hydraulic station, and piston rod is provided on piston cylinder, and piston rod is abutted with pressure indoor, and piston rod can
Under the driving of hydraulic station, the axial reciprocating along rock sample vibrates, to apply dynamic load to rock sample by pressure indoor.
Further, pipeline includes first pipe and second pipe；
Wherein one end of first pipe passes through pressure indoor and wherein one end of rock sample connects, the other end of first pipe
It is connected to hydraulic pump；
The other end that wherein one end of second pipe passes through pressure indoor and rock sample connects, the other end of second pipe with
Hydraulic pump connection.
Further, pore pressure loading device further includes the first valve, the first liquid-pressure pick-up, the second valve and second
Liquid-pressure pick-up；
First valve and the first liquid-pressure pick-up are installed in first pipe；
Second valve and second liquid pressure sensor are installed on second pipe.
Further, pore pressure loading device further includes third pipeline and third valve；
Wherein one end of third pipeline is connected to the pipe shaft of first pipe, the other end of third pipeline and the pipe of second pipe
Body connection, third valve are mounted on third pipeline.
Further, pore pressure loading device further includes flow detection part, is mounted in first pipe and on second pipe
Flow detection part.
It further, further include reaction frame, pressure indoor is mounted on reaction frame, and reaction frame is used to support confining pressure
Room.
Rock dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method and its test macro provided by the present invention can generate
It is following the utility model has the advantages that
Dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method provided by the invention includes: to choose sample, saturated sample, apply
Add confining pressure, applies dynamic load, apply fluid pressure, calculate permeability.When testing rock permeability, pass through observation and sieve first
Qualified rock sample is picked out in choosing, then is saturated to rock sample.Simulation rock is in subterranean strata actual loading situation again,
Confining pressure is applied to the rock sample after saturation, and simulation rock is disturbed by circulation caused by the dynamic loads such as traffic loading, along rock
The axial of stone sample applies dynamic load to rock sample.The practical groundwater pressure being subject to of simulation rock again, along rock sample
Axial wherein one end to rock sample conveys liquid, with wherein one end applies fluid pressure to rock sample, and tries rock
The osmotic pressure at sample both ends keeps stablizing.According to Darcy's law, measures and flow to rock sample end liquid under dynamic load disturbance
Permeability of the rock sample under dynamic load disturbance can be calculated in conjunction with osmotic pressure and remaining known parameters in flow.
Compared with prior art, the present invention considers that rock is often subject to the period in underground engineering operation stage subterranean strata
Property dynamic load disturbance, dynamic load is applied with to rock sample during the test, and it is dynamic at this to calculate rock sample
Permeability under load.As can be seen that dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method provided by the invention improves now
There is stress state suffered by rock sample in technology single, cannot reflect underground engineering safety under dynamic load and water pressure collective effect
The technical issues of property.
Rock permeability test macro provided by the invention include pressure indoor, confining pressure loading device, power loading device and
Pore pressure loading device, confining pressure loading device are connect with pressure indoor, and for pressure indoor for holding rock sample, confining pressure loading device can
Confining pressure is applied to pressure indoor, above-mentioned confining pressure can be passed to rock sample by pressure indoor, and then can be applied to rock sample and be enclosed
Pressure, the pressure being subject in subterranean strata with each face of simulation rock.Power loading device is abutted with pressure indoor, power load
Device can apply dynamic load to pressure indoor along the axial of rock sample, which can be passed to rock examination by pressure indoor
Sample, with the disturbance for the dynamic load that simulation rock is actually subject in subterranean strata.Pore pressure loading device passes through pipeline and hydraulic pump
Liquid can will be pumped to the end of rock sample, and then fluid pressure can be applied to rock sample, with simulation rock on ground
The groundwater pressure being actually subject in lower rock stratum.
Compared with prior art, rock permeability test macro provided by the invention is added using confining pressure loading device, power
Carry set with pore pressure loading device can with simulation rock in subterranean strata actual forced status, can be with using power loading device
The dynamic load that simulation rock is subject in subterranean strata, so that the stress of rock is more bonded actual loading situation.Thus
It is capable of accurate evaluation underground engineering using the rock permeability that rock permeability test macro provided by the invention is calculated
Long-time stability.As can be seen that rock permeability test macro provided by the invention equally improves rock examination in the prior art
The technical issues of stress state suffered by sample is single, cannot reflect underground engineering safety under dynamic load and water pressure collective effect.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical solution in the prior art
Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art be briefly described, it should be apparent that, it is described below
Attached drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before not making the creative labor
It puts, is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the rock sample stress diagram that the embodiment of the present invention one provides；
Fig. 2 is the load path schematic diagram of axial static pressure, dynamic load and fluid pressure that the embodiment of the present invention one provides；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of rock permeability test macro provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the power loading device in Fig. 3.
In figure:
1- pressure indoor；10- rock sample；2- confining pressure loading device；3- power loading device；30- piston cylinder；300- piston
Bar；301- cylinder body；302- end cap；303- pedestal；304- cavity；31- hydraulic station；32- power controller；4- pore pressure load dress
It sets；40- hydraulic pump；41- first pipe；42- second pipe；The first valve of 43-；The first liquid-pressure pick-up of 44-；45-
Two valves；46- second liquid pressure sensor；47- third pipeline；48- third valve；5- reaction frame；6- computer.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
Middle attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only
It is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.The present invention being usually described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings is real
The component for applying example can be arranged and be designed with a variety of different configurations.Therefore, of the invention to what is provided in the accompanying drawings below
The detailed description of embodiment is not intended to limit the range of claimed invention, but is merely representative of selected reality of the invention
Apply example.Based on the embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art institute obtained without making creative work
There are other embodiments, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term " center ", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "horizontal", "inner", "outside" be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to
Convenient for description the present invention and simplify description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation,
It is constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore is not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, term " first ", " second ",
" third " is used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance.
In addition, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " peace
Dress ", " connected ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or integrally
Connection；It can be mechanical connection, be also possible to be electrically connected；Can be directly connected, can also indirectly connected through an intermediary,
It can be the connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned art can be understood with concrete condition
The concrete meaning of language in the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method and its test macro, below with reference to attached
Dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method provided by the invention and its test macro is described in detail in figure:
Embodiment one:
The present embodiment provides dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test methods to include:
It chooses sample: filtering out qualified rock sample；
Saturated sample: rock sample is soaked, so that rock sample is saturated；
Apply confining pressure: along the circumferential direction of rock sample, applying confining pressure needed for testing to rock sample；
Apply dynamic load: along the axial direction of rock sample, applying dynamic load needed for testing to rock sample；
Apply fluid pressure: along the axial direction of rock sample, liquid is conveyed to wherein one end of rock sample, so that rock tries
Sample wherein one end by fluid pressure, and make rock sample both ends hydraulic pressure be equal to test needed for osmotic pressure；
It calculates permeability: while applying dynamic load and applying fluid pressure, measuring and flow to rock sample wherein one end
The flow of liquid is based on flow, and the permeability of rock sample is calculated using Darcy's law (Darcy law).
When testing rock permeability, qualified rock sample is picked out by observation and screening first, then try rock
Sample is saturated.Simulation rock actual loading situation in subterranean strata again applies confining pressure, and mould to the rock sample after saturation
For quasi- rock by disturbance is recycled caused by traffic loading quasi-periodic dynamic load, axial along rock sample applies rock sample
Dynamic load.The practical groundwater pressure being subject to of simulation rock again, along the axial defeated to wherein one end of rock sample of rock sample
Liquor charging body with wherein one end applies fluid pressure to rock sample, and makes the osmotic pressure at rock sample both ends keep stablizing.?
When rock sample is disturbed by dynamic load, the flow for flowing to rock sample end liquid is measured, according to Darcy's law, in conjunction with infiltration
Permeability of the rock sample under dynamic load disturbance can be calculated in pressure and remaining known parameters.
Compared with prior art, the present embodiment considers that rock is often subject to week in underground engineering operation stage subterranean strata
The disturbance of phase property dynamic load is applied with dynamic load to rock sample during the test, and can calculate rock sample at this
Permeability under dynamic loading.
Thus, dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method provided in this embodiment improves rock in the prior art
Stress state suffered by stone sample is single, cannot reflect the technology of underground engineering safety under dynamic load and fluid pressure collective effect
Problem.
When choosing sample, multiple rock samples can be observed and be screened, and it is discrete to weed out size and shape
Property biggish unqualified rock sample, leave the qualified rock sample of size and shape for testing rock under dynamic load
Permeability.
In the present embodiment, rock sample can be that diameter is 50mm, is highly the cylindrical rock sample of 100mm.
In practical applications, rock sample can be intact rock sample, be also possible to be differently formed mechanism comprising prefabricated
The rock sample in crack, can also be concrete test block, so as to measure intact rock, crack according to different test objectives
The permeability of rock or concrete material in dynamic load perturbation process.
In saturated sample, can satisfy according to vacuum suction method common in Rock Mechanics Test to rock sample
With.Be saturated to rock sample is to exclude the gas in rock sample internal void and crack, and then reduction as far as possible
The error caused by test result.
As shown in Figure 1, PcFor confining pressure, confining pressure refers to that the target sample is applied in the x, y, z direction along cartesian coordinate system
The hydrostatic pressure of the identical stress intensity added.Before applying confining pressure, first can actually it be subject to according to the circumferential direction of subsurface rock
Hydrostatic pressure obtains testing required confining pressure, then along the circumferential direction of rock sample, applies above-mentioned confining pressure to rock sample.
After applying confining pressure to rock sample, live load needed for testing can be applied to rock sample along the axial direction of rock sample
It carries, as shown in Figure 1, PdFor dynamic load.Wherein, dynamic load is the periodical dynamic load with certain amplitude, frequency, and dynamic load can
With a variety of vibrational waveforms such as sine wave, triangular wave and rectangular wave.Amplitude, frequency and the waveform of dynamic load needed for testing can be with
It is determined according to the practical periodic perturbation being subject to of underground engineering rock.
As shown in Fig. 2, can gradually be further applied load to rock sample end, in applying dynamic load step process to lotus
It carries after stablizing, thus it is possible to vary the amplitude and frequency of load are at this time dynamic load to the load that rock sample end applies.
After applying dynamic load to rock sample, it can be conveyed along the axial direction of rock sample to wherein one end of rock sample
Liquid, until the osmotic pressure at rock sample both ends reaches the required osmotic pressure of test, as shown in Figure 1, PwFor rock sample one
The fluid pressure at end.
Wherein, the osmotic pressure at rock sample both ends is equal to the difference for the fluid pressure that rock sample both ends are subject to.It can mention
Infiltration needed for pressure condition caused by the preceding practical underground water being subject to according to rock in subterranean strata determines rock sample both ends
Pressure, then liquid is conveyed to wherein one end of rock sample, and the other end of rock sample is communicated with the atmosphere, rock tries at this time
The sample other end is not by fluid pressure, thus the fluid pressure of rock sample wherein one end can be according to above-mentioned rock sample both ends
Required osmotic pressure determines.
Further, as shown in Fig. 2, when applying fluid pressure, to prevent rock sample suddenly by fluid pressure
Impact, can gradually increase the fluid pressure of rock sample end, calculate the infiltration of rock sample again after fluid pressure is stablized
Rate.
Wherein, in applying fluid pressure step, the liquid conveyed to rock sample end can be distilled water, can be with
For the chemical fluid with certain corrosion function.
After the liquid pressure value of application is stablized, rock sample end when by confining pressure, dynamic load and fluid pressure is measured
The liquid flow magnitude in portion, then can according to Darcy's law calculate rock sample permeability specifically can be according to formula
(1) permeability of rock sample is calculated:
Wherein, k is the permeability of rock sample；Q is to seep to the unit time of the rock sample liquid that wherein one end conveys
Flow, Q can be measured by tools such as flowmeter, flow pumps；μ is the power coefficient of viscosity of liquid, can be viscid by power
Coefficient table checks in；L is the length of rock sample；Δ p is the osmotic pressure at rock sample both ends, and Δ p is kept during the test
Constant, Δ p needs to be determined according to rock in subterranean strata is practical by groundwater pressure in advance, thus Δ p during the test
It is given value；A is the cross-sectional area of rock sample.
During the test, Q can change with the variation of dynamic load, thus under the action of dynamic load, the value of k
Increase at any time and constantly changes.As can be seen that when disturbance of the underground engineering by dynamic load, the infiltration of the rock in underground engineering
Saturating rate and the permeability of the rock under dead load effect are different.The thus stability of the underground engineering in analysis operation
When, the rock permeability under dynamic load disturbance is higher compared to the rock permeability accuracy under dead load effect.
In the present embodiment, it can also need to change confining pressure, dynamic load and the liquid pressure that rock sample is subject to according to test
Power, and then the rock permeability under different working conditions in dynamic load perturbation process can be measured.
Further, dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method provided in this embodiment further includes dynamic in application
The step of being carried out before load step:
Apply axial static pressure: along the axial direction of rock sample, axial static pressure needed for test being applied to rock sample.
As shown in Figure 1, PsFor axial static pressure, first gradually apply axial static pressure to rock sample, and to axial static pressure
Power stablize after again to rock sample apply dynamic load, can prevent rock sample by stationary state suddenly by dynamic load cause by
Power state labile causes large error to test.
Further, dynamic load can be obtained by changing amplitude, frequency and the waveform of axial static pressure.
It wherein, is before the test according to rock in subterranean strata to the axial static pressure and dynamic load of rock sample application
Middle actual loading situation determines, thus axial static pressure and dynamic load are given values.Axial static pressure is being applied to rock sample
Before power and dynamic load, the stress loading path of axial static pressure and dynamic load can be first set, as shown in Figure 2.Actually answering
In, computer program control can also be utilized for loading the stress loading machine of axial static pressure and dynamic load according to above-mentioned
Stress loading path applies axial static pressure and dynamic load to rock sample.Further, dynamic load provided in this embodiment is disturbed
Dynamic process rock permeability test method can also be included in after saturated sample step the step of carrying out:
It forces saturation: after saturated sample step, along the circumferential direction of rock sample, pressure, Yi Jiyan being applied to rock sample
The axial direction of rock sample applies fluid pressure to wherein one end of rock sample, to force saturated sample.
Forcing saturation is the efficiency in order to promote saturated rock sample, and prevents rock sample not fully saturated.Its
In, when forcing saturated rock sample, pressure can be applied to rock sample, so that rock sample first along the circumferential direction of rock sample
By certain confining pressure, and then convenient for rock sample water suction saturation.Then can along rock sample it is axial to rock sample its
Middle one end conveys liquid, applies certain fluid pressure with wherein one end to rock sample, equally absorbs water convenient for rock sample
Saturation.
It wherein, is by being tried in rock along the axial certain fluid pressure applied to rock sample end of rock sample
The water pressure that wherein one end of sample is kept constant makes the other end of rock sample be connected to what atmosphere was realized, to the another of rock sample
There is water droplet in one end, that is, is considered as pressure saturation and completes.
Dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method provided in this embodiment further include force saturation process it
Afterwards, the step of carrying out before applying confining pressure step: apply axial precompression: after forcing saturation process, along rock sample
It is axial, axial precompression is applied to the end of rock sample.
Wherein, axial precompression can be static pressure, and axial precompression applies axial static pressure to rock sample convenient for subsequent
Power.
After forcing saturation process, before applying dynamic load, need first force in saturation process to rock sample
The fluid pressure removal that end applies applies dynamic load again, to reduce test error.
Wherein, confining pressure value, axial static pressure value, dynamic load value and the liquid pressure value applied to rock sample, can be with
It is collected into using the acquisition system of computer, and can use the above-mentioned confining pressure value of computer system real-time monitoring, axial static pressure
Value, dynamic load value and liquid pressure value.It can also monitor and acquire to rock using the acquisition system and flowmeter of computer and try
The unit time seepage discharge of the sample liquid that wherein one end conveys.
Further, data acquiring frequency can be set on computers in advance before on-test, utilize computer
The above-mentioned confining pressure value of the acquisition of intermittent, axial static pressure value, dynamic load value, liquid pressure value and wherein one end is defeated to rock sample
The unit time seepage discharge of the liquid sent, in the prior art in the way of manual record test data compared with, the present embodiment
The dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method of offer can also reduce test error.
Embodiment two:
As shown in Figure 3-4, rock permeability test macro provided in this embodiment includes pressure indoor 1, confining pressure loading device
2, power loading device 3 and pore pressure loading device 4, pressure indoor 1 is hollow, and pressure indoor 1 is for holding rock sample 10.Confining pressure load
Device 2 is connect with pressure indoor 1, and confining pressure loading device 2 is used for the circumferential direction along rock sample 10, by pressure indoor 1 to rock sample
10 apply confining pressure.
Wherein, power loading device 3 is abutted with pressure indoor 1, and power loading device 3 is used for the axial direction along rock sample 10,
Dynamic load is applied to rock sample 10 by pressure indoor 1.Pore pressure loading device 4 include pipeline and hydraulic pump, pipeline respectively with liquid
Press pump is connected to pressure indoor, and hydraulic pump is used to pass through pipeline, and to rock sample 10, wherein one end pumps liquid, at this time rock sample
10 other end can be connected to atmosphere, in order to which liquid is flowed out from the other end of rock sample 10.
Wherein, confining pressure loading device 2 can apply confining pressure to pressure indoor 1, and above-mentioned confining pressure can be passed to rock by pressure indoor 1
Stone sample 10, and then confining pressure, the pressure being subject in subterranean strata with the side of simulation rock can be applied to rock sample 10.
Power loading device 3 is abutted with pressure indoor 1, and power loading device 3 can be moved along axial apply to pressure indoor 1 of rock sample 10
The dynamic load can be passed to rock sample 10 by load, pressure indoor 1, be actually subject in subterranean strata with simulation rock dynamic
The disturbance of load.Pore pressure loading device 4 can pump liquid to wherein one end of rock sample 10 by pipeline and hydraulic pump, into
And fluid pressure can be applied to rock sample 10, the groundwater pressure being actually subject in subterranean strata with simulation rock.
Wherein, it is filled with hydraulic oil between 1 inside of pressure indoor and rock sample 10, pressure indoor 1 causes rock sample 10
Confining pressure rock sample 10 can be passed to by hydraulic oil.
Further, when using the dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test system and test rock permeability, also
First rock sample 10 can be put into thermal shrinkable sleeve, then rock sample 10 and thermal shrinkable sleeve are placed on 1 in pressure indoor, thermal shrinkable sleeve can
To completely cut off hydraulic oil and rock sample 10, to prevent hydraulic oil to be adhered to 10 surface of rock sample.Wherein, thermal shrinkable sleeve is the examination of three axis
Common thermal shrinkable sleeve in testing.
Compared with prior art, rock permeability test macro provided in this embodiment utilizes confining pressure loading device 2, power
The dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test side that loading device 3 and pore pressure loading device 4 can be provided according to embodiment one
Method tests permeability to rock sample 10.Rock permeability test macro provided in this embodiment utilizes confining pressure loading device 2, moves
Force loading device 3 and pore pressure loading device 4 can with simulation rock in subterranean strata actual forced status, utilize power load dress
3 dynamic loads that can be subject in subterranean strata with simulation rock are set, so that the stress of rock is more bonded actual loading feelings
Condition.The rock permeability that is thus calculated using rock permeability test macro provided in this embodiment being capable of accurate evaluation
The long-time stability of lower engineering.
Thus, rock permeability test macro provided in this embodiment equally improves 10 institute of rock sample in the prior art
It is single by stress state, the technical issues of cannot reflecting underground engineering safety under dynamic load and water pressure collective effect.Wherein,
Pressure indoor 1 and confining pressure loading device 2 can be the existing three axis test equipment of rock that can test rock permeability.
As shown in figure 4, power loading device 3 provided in this embodiment includes piston cylinder 30 and hydraulic station 31, piston cylinder 30
It is connected to hydraulic station 31, piston rod 300 is provided on piston cylinder 30, piston rod 300 is abutted with pressure indoor 1, and piston rod 300 can
Under the driving of hydraulic station 31, the axial reciprocating along rock sample 10 vibrates, dynamic to be applied by pressure indoor 1 to rock sample 10
Load.
As shown in figure 4, piston cylinder 30 includes cylinder body 301, end cap 302, pedestal 303 and piston rod 300, end cap 302 passes through
Bolt is fixed on wherein one end of cylinder body 301, and pedestal 303 is bolted on the other end of cylinder body 301, piston rod
300 wherein one end is arranged in cylinder body 301, and the other end of piston rod 300 passes through the exposure of end cap 302 in air, piston
Bar 300 can move in cylinder body 301.
Further, as shown in figure 4, piston rod 300 will be divided into two cavitys 304 inside cylinder body 301, wherein hydraulic station
31 can change the oil inlet in two cavitys 304 in the cylinder body 301 of piston cylinder 30 to 30 fuel feeding of piston cylinder, hydraulic station 31
Amount and oil pump capacity, and after the oil inlet quantity and oil pump capacity in two cavitys 304 are changed, the piston rod 300 on piston cylinder 30 can move
It is dynamic, and then the end of the piston rod 300 abutted with pressure indoor 1 can be made to vibrate along the axial reciprocating of rock sample 10.
Wherein, it keeps the oil mass in two cavitys 304 in the cylinder body 301 of piston cylinder 30 constant, piston rod 300 can be made
Along the axial direction of rock sample 10, static pressure is applied to pressure indoor 1, and then static pressure is applied to rock sample 10.
As can be seen that rock permeability test macro provided in this embodiment can also test the rock under dead load effect
The permeability of sample 10, applicability are more extensive.
Further, as shown in Fig. 2, power loading device 3 provided in this embodiment can also include power controller 32,
Power controller 32 is connect with hydraulic station 31, and power controller 32 may be mounted on piston cylinder 30, and power controller 32 can
The instruction for changing oil inlet quantity and changing oil pump capacity is sent to hydraulic station 31, hydraulic station 31 receives the finger of the transmission of power controller 32
After order, thus it is possible to vary the oil inlet quantity and oil pump capacity in cavity 304 in cylinder body 301, and then the work abutted with pressure indoor 1 can be made
The end of stopper rod 300 is of reciprocating vibration.
Wherein, vibration frequency, amplitude and the vibration wave of piston rod 300 be can change by changing the oil mass in cylinder body 301
Shape, and then different dynamic loads can be applied to rock sample 10, to simulate different operating conditions.Power provided in this embodiment adds
It carries and sets the vibration frequency of the piston rod in 3 300 and can stablize within 30Hz, to the wave for the dynamic load that rock sample 10 exports
Shape can be the vibrational waveforms such as sine wave, triangular wave and rectangular wave.Power loading device 3 provided in this embodiment utilizes piston cylinder
30 and hydraulic station 31, it can make to stablize rock sample 10 and apply dynamic load.
Wherein, piston cylinder 30 can wherein abut one end corresponding position in pressure indoor 1 with rock sample 10.
Utilizing the dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test system and test dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability
When, power loading device 3 first can apply axial static pressure to rock sample 10, then apply dynamic load to rock sample 10.Cause
And dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test macro provided in this embodiment can use a power loading device and complete
The application process of axial static pressure and dynamic load not only can be with without separately setting the loading device for applying axial static pressure
Save the cost can also save the occupied space of the dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test macro.As shown in figure 3, pipe
Road may include first pipe 41 and second pipe 42, and wherein one end of first pipe 41 is connected to pressure indoor 1,1 energy of pressure indoor
Enough to be connected to wherein one end of rock sample 10, the other end of first pipe 41 is connected to hydraulic pump 40.Second pipe 42 its
Middle one end is connected to pressure indoor 1, and pressure indoor 1 can be connected to the other end of rock sample 10, the other end of second pipe 42 with
Hydraulic pump 40 is connected to.
Wherein, hydraulic pump 40 can pump for hydraulic gage amount, and hydraulic pressure metering pump conveys convenient for adjusting to 10 both ends of rock sample
Amount of liquid.
Wherein, by first pipe 41, to rock sample 10, wherein one end conveys liquid, and makes 10 other end of rock sample
Be connected to atmosphere, can make rock sample 10 wherein one end by fluid pressure, and then make between 10 both ends of rock sample formed seep
Saturating pressure, the dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test macro is for testing dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability at this time
Rate.
When passing through first pipe 41, to rock sample 10, wherein one end conveys liquid, and passes through second pipe 42 to rock
When 10 other end of sample conveys liquid, it can use the dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test macro and carry out pore water pressure
Power related experiment.
Further, as shown in figure 3, pore pressure loading device 4 can also include the first valve 43, the first fluid pressure sensing
Device 44, the second valve 45 and second liquid pressure sensor 46.First valve 43 and the first liquid-pressure pick-up 44 are respectively mounted
In first pipe 41.Second valve 45 and second liquid pressure sensor 46 are installed on second pipe 42.
First liquid-pressure pick-up 44 and second liquid pressure sensor 46 all can be hydraulic pressure sensor, the first liquid
Pressure sensor 44 is used to detect the fluid pressure in first pipe 41, and second liquid pressure sensor 46 is for detecting the second pipe
Fluid pressure in road 42.The fluid pressure that first liquid-pressure pick-up 44 measures is the liquid of the wherein one end of rock sample 10
Pressure, the fluid pressure that second liquid pressure sensor 46 measures are the fluid pressure of 10 other end of rock sample.First liquid
Pressure sensor 44 and second liquid pressure sensor 46 learn the liquid pressure value of 10 end of rock sample convenient for testing crew.
Wherein, the first valve 43 and the second valve 45 can make first pipe 41 and second pipe 42 simultaneously to rock sample
10 both ends convey liquid simultaneously, and can also making first pipe 41, individually to rock sample 10, wherein one end conveys liquid, at this time rock
The other end of stone sample 10 can be connected to atmosphere.
As shown in figure 3, pore pressure loading device 4 can also include third pipeline 47 and third valve 48, third pipeline 47
Wherein one end is connected to the pipe shaft of first pipe 41, and the other end of third pipeline 47 is connected to the pipe shaft of second pipe 42, third
Valve 48 is mounted on third pipeline 47.
Third valve 48 can control whether third pipeline 47 is connected to first pipe 41 with second pipe 42, when opening the
When three valves 48 are connected to first pipe 41 with second pipe 42, the fluid pressure at 10 both ends of rock sample is equal, at this time to rock
The fluid pressure that stone sample 10 applies is pore water pressure, then can use the rock permeability test macro and carries out rock examination
The pore water pressure related experiment of sample 10.
When closing third valve 48 is connected to first pipe 41 not with second pipe 42, the liquid at 10 both ends of rock sample
Pressure is unequal, and 10 both ends of rock sample are formed with osmotic pressure at this time.
Wherein, pore pressure loading device 4 can also include flow detection part, pacify in first pipe 41 and on second pipe 42
Equipped with flow detection part.
Flow detection part can be flowmeter or liquid flow sensor, and flow detection part is convenient for learning rock sample 10
Upstream conveys the seepage discharge of liquid, convenient for calculating the permeability of rock sample 10.
As shown in figure 3, rock permeability test macro provided in this embodiment can also include reaction frame 5, pressure indoor 1
It is mounted on reaction frame 5, reaction frame 5 is used to support pressure indoor 1.
Rock permeability test macro provided in this embodiment can also include computer 6, can be set on computer 6
Data collection system, computer 6 are connect with confining pressure loading device 2, power loading device 3 and pore pressure loading device 4 respectively.It calculates
Machine 6 can be used in acquiring that the confining pressure value that confining pressure loading device 2 applies rock sample 10, power loading device 3 is to rock sample
The osmotic pressure that the 10 axial static pressures applied and dynamic load, pore pressure loading device 4 apply rock sample 10, and can adopt
Collect the seepage discharge of 10 upstream of rock sample conveying liquid, length, the section face of typing rock sample 10 can be shifted to an earlier date in computer 6
Long-pending and liquid the coefficient of viscosity, the formula (1) then provided according to embodiment one, interval calculation obtains rock at regular intervals
Sample 10 disturbed under dynamic load under permeability, above-mentioned certain time interval there is no limit, can be 1 second or 1 minute.
Finally, it should be noted that embodiment described above, only a specific embodiment of the invention, to illustrate the present invention
Technical solution, rather than its limitations, scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, although with reference to the foregoing embodiments to this hair
It is bright to be described in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: anyone skilled in the art
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, it can still modify to technical solution documented by previous embodiment or can be light
It is readily conceivable that variation or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these modifications, variation or replacement, do not make
The essence of corresponding technical solution is detached from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, should all cover in protection of the invention
Within the scope of.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the described claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method characterized by comprising
It chooses sample: filtering out qualified rock sample；
Saturated sample: the rock sample is soaked, so that the rock sample is saturated；
Apply confining pressure: along the circumferential direction of rock sample, applying confining pressure needed for testing to rock sample；
Apply dynamic load: along the axial direction of the rock sample, applying dynamic load needed for testing to the rock sample；
Apply fluid pressure: along the axial direction of the rock sample, wherein one end of Xiang Suoshu rock sample conveys liquid, so that rock
Stone sample wherein one end by fluid pressure, and make the rock sample both ends osmotic pressure be equal to test needed for osmotic pressure
Power；
It calculates permeability: while applying dynamic load and applying fluid pressure, measuring and flow to the rock sample wherein one end
The flow of liquid is based on the flow, the permeability of the rock sample is calculated using Darcy's law.
2. dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include
The step of being carried out before applying dynamic load step:
Apply axial static pressure: along the axial direction of the rock sample, axial static pressure needed for test being applied to the rock sample.
3. dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include
The step of being carried out after saturated sample step:
It forces saturation: along the circumferential direction of rock sample, pressure being applied to rock sample, and along the axial direction of the rock sample, it is right
The end of the rock sample applies fluid pressure, to force to be saturated the sample.
4. a kind of dynamic load perturbation process rock permeability test macro, which is characterized in that including pressure indoor, confining pressure load dress
It sets, power loading device and pore pressure loading device；
The pressure indoor is hollow, and the pressure indoor is for holding rock sample；
The confining pressure loading device is connect with the pressure indoor, and the confining pressure loading device is used for the circumferential direction along rock sample, is led to
It crosses the pressure indoor and applies confining pressure to rock sample；
The power loading device is abutted with the pressure indoor, the power loading device be used for along rock sample axially through
The pressure indoor applies dynamic load to rock sample；
The pore pressure loading device includes pipeline and hydraulic pump, and the pipeline connects with the hydraulic pump and the pressure indoor respectively
Logical, the hydraulic pump is used to convey liquid hydraulic pump to the end of rock sample by the pipeline.
5. rock permeability test macro according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the power loading device includes living
Plug cylinder and hydraulic station；
The piston cylinder is connected to the hydraulic station, and piston rod, the piston rod and the confining pressure are provided on the piston cylinder
Room abuts, and the piston rod can be under the driving of the hydraulic station, and the axial reciprocating along rock sample vibrates, by described
Pressure indoor applies dynamic load to rock sample.
6. rock permeability test macro according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the pipeline include first pipe and
Second pipe；
Wherein one end of the first pipe is connected to the pressure indoor, and the other end of the first pipe and the hydraulic pump connect
It is logical；
Wherein one end of the second pipe is connected to the pressure indoor, and the other end of the second pipe and the hydraulic pump connect
It is logical.
7. rock permeability test macro according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the pore pressure loading device further includes
First valve, the first liquid-pressure pick-up, the second valve and second liquid pressure sensor；
First valve and first liquid-pressure pick-up are installed in the first pipe；
Second valve and the second liquid pressure sensor are installed on the second pipe.
8. rock permeability test macro according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the pore pressure loading device further includes
Third pipeline and third valve；
Wherein one end of the third pipeline is connected to the pipe shaft of the first pipe, the other end of the third pipeline with it is described
The pipe shaft of second pipe is connected to, and the third valve is mounted on the third pipeline.
9. rock permeability test macro according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the pore pressure loading device further includes
Flow detection part is mounted on the flow detection part in the first pipe and on the second pipe.
10. according to the described in any item rock permeability test macros of claim 4-9, which is characterized in that further include counter-force frame
Frame, the pressure indoor are mounted on the reaction frame, and the reaction frame is used to support the pressure indoor.
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| CN113188895A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-07-30 | 长沙理工大学 | Side slope rock test system |
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| CN110837695A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-02-25 | 中国人民解放军63653部队 | Method for evaluating average permeability of surrounding rock of broken granite tunnel |
| CN110837695B (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2023-06-27 | 中国人民解放军63653部队 | Evaluation method for average permeability of surrounding rock of broken granite roadway |
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| CN112378787A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-19 | 中国海洋大学 | Free-falling type sounding simulation device and method |
| CN113188895A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-07-30 | 长沙理工大学 | Side slope rock test system |
| CN114136863A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-04 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Sandstone uranium ore permeability testing device |
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