CN112943211B - Horizontal well spacing method applied to carbonate reservoir - Google Patents
Horizontal well spacing method applied to carbonate reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN112943211B CN112943211B CN202110488090.3A CN202110488090A CN112943211B CN 112943211 B CN112943211 B CN 112943211B CN 202110488090 A CN202110488090 A CN 202110488090A CN 112943211 B CN112943211 B CN 112943211B
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 claims description 73
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013316 zoning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
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Abstract
The application provides a horizontal well arrangement method applied to a carbonate reservoir, which comprises the following steps: acquiring geological parameters of a carbonate reservoir; determining the reservoir type of reservoir units divided in the carbonate reservoir and the reservoir range corresponding to the reservoir units according to the geological parameters; dividing all reservoir units according to the zoning and layering systems to determine a plurality of different well distribution areas; and aiming at each well distribution area, determining a well distribution mode matched with the well distribution area according to the reservoir type, the reservoir range and the unit number of the reservoir units in the well distribution area, and performing horizontal well distribution on the well distribution area by adopting the well distribution mode matched with the well distribution area so as to realize the efficient development of the horizontal well distribution of the carbonate reservoir. Therefore, the method can well cope with the carbonate reservoir with various reservoir development forms and complicated oil layer distribution, realizes the combination of different horizontal well distribution modes, is favorable for improving the well distribution effect and the well distribution efficiency, and improves the economic benefit generated by exploiting the carbonate reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of carbonate reservoir development, in particular to a horizontal well spacing method applied to a carbonate reservoir.
Background
The storage space distribution of the carbonate reservoir is complex, the reservoir heterogeneity is strong, and the randomness favorable for the reservoir distribution is strong. The cracks and the karst caves are deeply buried, the development forms of reservoirs are various, the oil layer distribution is complicated and complicated, and the sizes are not uniform, so that the plane and longitudinal heterogeneity is strong. The permeability and porosity of the matrix of the carbonate reservoir are low, and oil gas of the carbonate reservoir is mainly generated in reservoirs such as cracks, pores, holes and the like.
Different from the conventional oil and gas reservoirs, the carbonate fracture-cave oil and gas reservoir (group) has a complex reservoir space and reservoir evolution process, and generally has the characteristics of low drilling success rate, low efficient well proportion, low well opening rate, low average single well yield, short service life of an oil well and the like. Therefore, the development technology of such reservoirs has become one of the important and difficult points of research. Due to the heterogeneity and spatial multiscale of carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirs and the complexity of fluid motion laws, exploration and development of such reservoirs are very difficult.
With the application and development of the horizontal well technology, the horizontal well gradually becomes an important well type for oil reservoir development. Horizontal wells are special wells having a maximum well deviation angle of up to or near 90 (typically no less than 86) and maintaining a horizontal well section of a certain length in the zone of interest. The horizontal well increases the pressure relief radius of a reservoir by increasing the exposed area of an oil-gas layer, so that the yield and the cumulative yield of a single well are increased. Therefore, the horizontal well technology is still applicable to the development of carbonate reservoirs.
The application of horizontal well technology has more limitations: such as well placement costs, drilling difficulties, etc. The well spacing cost of one horizontal well is usually 1.5-2 times of that of one straight well, and the well body structure of the horizontal well is generally ensured to be perpendicular to the direction of the maximum principal stress of the stratum, so that the drilling difficulty and cost are reduced. However, in the development of carbonate reservoir, the well spacing efficiency and effect of the horizontal well, the economic benefits generated by exploitation after well spacing and the like need to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiment of the present application is to provide a horizontal well spacing method applied to a carbonate reservoir, so as to improve the well spacing efficiency and the well spacing effect of a horizontal well in the carbonate reservoir development, thereby being beneficial to improving the economic benefits (such as single well yield and cumulative yield) generated by exploiting the carbonate reservoir and the reservoir exploitation life cycle.
In order to achieve the above object, embodiments of the present application are implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a horizontal well arrangement method applied to a carbonate reservoir, including: acquiring geological parameters of a carbonate reservoir to be distributed, wherein the geological parameters comprise sand layer parameters, reservoir layer parameters, porosity parameters and fracture development parameters; determining reservoir categories of reservoir units divided in the carbonate reservoir and reservoir ranges corresponding to the reservoir units according to the geological parameters, wherein the reservoir categories of different reservoir units are the same or different; partitioning all the reservoir units to determine a plurality of different well distribution areas, wherein each well distribution area at least comprises one reservoir unit; and aiming at each well distribution area, determining a well distribution mode matched with each well distribution area according to the reservoir type, the reservoir range and the unit number of the reservoir units in the well distribution area, and performing horizontal well distribution on the well distribution area by adopting the well distribution mode matched with the well distribution area so as to realize horizontal well distribution of the carbonate reservoir, wherein the well distribution mode is one of a single-branch unidirectional mode, a double-branch bidirectional mode, a multi-branch multidirectional mode and a multi-branch stereoscopic mode.
In the embodiment of the application, geological parameters (sand layer parameters, reservoir layer parameters, porosity parameters and fracture development parameters) of a carbonate reservoir to be distributed are obtained to determine the reservoir layer types of reservoir layer units divided in the carbonate reservoir and the reservoir layer range corresponding to the reservoir layer units; and then all the reservoir units are partitioned to determine a plurality of different well distribution areas (each well distribution area at least comprises one reservoir unit). And aiming at each well arrangement region, determining a well arrangement mode (a single-branch unidirectional mode, a double-branch bidirectional mode, a multi-branch multidirectional mode or a multi-branch three-dimensional mode) matched with each well arrangement region according to the reservoir type, the reservoir range and the number of the reservoir units in the well arrangement region, and carrying out horizontal well arrangement on the well arrangement region by adopting the well arrangement mode so as to realize horizontal well arrangement on the carbonate reservoir. Through the method, the reservoir type and the reservoir range of the reservoir unit in the carbonate reservoir to be distributed can be determined, so that all the reservoir units are further partitioned (shown as a partition mode of a partition area and a partition layer system), and the corresponding well distribution modes (different well distribution areas can adopt different well distribution modes) are determined, so that the characteristics of various reservoir development forms, complicated oil layer distribution and strong heterogeneity of the carbonate reservoir can be well met, the combination of the well distribution modes of different horizontal wells is realized, the well distribution effect can be favorably improved, and the economic benefits (such as single-well yield and cumulative yield) generated by mining the carbonate reservoir are improved. And the division of the well arrangement area and the independent well arrangement enable the horizontal well arrangement of different well arrangement areas to be carried out simultaneously, thereby further improving the well arrangement efficiency. In addition, the method is also beneficial to improving the oil reservoir exploitation life cycle of the carbonate oil reservoir.
With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the determining, according to the geological parameter, a reservoir category of a reservoir unit divided in the carbonate reservoir and a reservoir range corresponding to the reservoir unit includes: according to the reservoir parameters, dividing reservoirs of the carbonate reservoir to determine a plurality of relatively independent reservoir units, wherein the two reservoir units are relatively independent to indicate that a sand interval exceeding a preset distance exists between the two reservoir units; determining the reservoir type of each reservoir unit according to the porosity parameter and the fracture development parameter of each reservoir unit; and determining a reservoir range corresponding to the reservoir unit according to the sand layer parameters, the reservoir parameters of each reservoir unit and the reservoir category.
In the implementation mode, the reservoir of the carbonate reservoir is divided into a plurality of relatively independent reservoir units by using the reservoir parameters, and the reservoir category of each reservoir unit is determined by combining the porosity parameter and the fracture development parameter of each reservoir unit, so that the reservoir category of each reservoir unit can be effectively determined according to the main characteristics of each reservoir unit, and the accuracy of the reservoir category is ensured. And determining the reservoir range corresponding to the reservoir unit according to the sand layer parameters, the reservoir parameters of each reservoir unit and the reservoir types, so that different conditions of the reservoir units of different reservoir types can be considered, and a more reasonable reservoir range can be determined.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the presetting the reservoir category includes: the method comprises the following steps of determining the reservoir type of each reservoir unit according to the porosity parameter and the fracture development parameter of each reservoir unit, wherein the reservoir type comprises a single-pore type, a fracture-pore type, a pore fracture type and a main fracture type, and the method comprises the following steps: for each reservoir unit, determining the reservoir category of the reservoir unit from the preset categories according to the porosity parameter and the fracture development parameter of the reservoir unit; wherein, the single-pore type represents that the reservoir space of the reservoir unit is a matrix and the seepage channel is a matrix; the fracture pore type represents that the reservoir space of the reservoir unit is a matrix and a fracture, and the seepage channel is a matrix and a fracture; the pore fracture type represents that the reservoir space of the reservoir unit is matrix and fracture, and the seepage channel is fracture; the main fracture type indicates that the reservoir space of the reservoir unit is a fracture, and the seepage channel is a fracture.
In the implementation mode, the reservoir type of the reservoir unit is determined according to the porosity parameter and the fracture development parameter of the reservoir unit, the reservoir characteristics and the seepage characteristics of different reservoir units can be considered, the reservoir type of the reservoir unit is accurately divided, and the well distribution mode is accurately matched and applicable.
With reference to the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the determining, according to the sand layer parameters, the reservoir parameters of each reservoir unit, and the reservoir category, a reservoir range corresponding to the reservoir unit includes: aiming at each reservoir unit, determining a preliminary range of the reservoir unit according to the sand layer parameters and the reservoir parameters of the reservoir unit; and determining the reservoir range representing the effective reservoir space of the reservoir unit according to the preliminary range of the reservoir unit and the reservoir category of the reservoir unit.
In the implementation mode, according to sand layer parameters (buried depth, thickness, range and the like) and reservoir parameters (depth, thickness, physical properties, oil content and the like) of the reservoir unit, a preliminary range of the reservoir unit is determined, and then the reservoir range of the effective reservoir space representing the reservoir unit is determined by combining the reservoir type of the reservoir unit, so that different conditions of the reservoir units of different reservoir types can be considered, the more reasonable effective reservoir space is determined to serve as the reservoir range, subsequent well distribution is facilitated, the well distribution effect is guaranteed, the single-well yield and the accumulated yield are favorably improved, and the life cycle of an oil well is prolonged.
With reference to the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the partitioning all the reservoir units to determine a plurality of different well distribution areas includes: traversing all well distribution region division modes covering all reservoir units, determining a well distribution score corresponding to each well distribution region division mode, further determining a target well distribution region division mode with the highest well distribution score, and determining a well distribution region obtained by adopting the target well distribution region division mode as a final well distribution region; wherein, each well spacing division mode adopts the following procedures: determining a plurality of main units according to the reservoir range of each reservoir unit, wherein at least a first distance is formed between the projection centers of any two main units on the same horizontal plane; for each main unit, determining a regional range of the main unit by taking a projection center of the main unit as a central point and a second distance as a radius, so as to determine that a reservoir unit of which the projection center is located in the regional range of the main unit is a slave unit of the main unit, and performing deduplication processing on the slave units, so that each reservoir unit is subordinate to at most one main unit, wherein the second distance is greater than or equal to half of the first distance; for each main unit, performing feasibility judgment on a slave unit of the main unit, and determining whether the slave unit drills through a preset horizontal well through the main unit, wherein the preset horizontal well represents a horizontal well of a drilling route determined when the drilling rate of the slave unit in the area range of the main unit is the highest under the condition of a set number of horizontal wells; if the slave unit passes through the preset horizontal well drilling encounter through the main unit, determining the slave unit as a drilling encounter unit, and if the slave unit does not pass through the preset horizontal well drilling encounter through the main unit, determining the slave unit as a lost unit; determining each main unit and all drilling units of the main unit as the same well distribution area, and determining the missing units as a corresponding number of additional well areas; correspondingly, for the well spacing zone dividing mode, the mode of determining the well spacing score is as follows: and determining a well arrangement score corresponding to the well arrangement region dividing mode according to the well arrangement region and the additional well region.
In the implementation mode, all the well distribution region division modes covering all the reservoir units are traversed, the well distribution score corresponding to each well distribution region division mode is determined, the highest well distribution score is determined to be the target well distribution region division mode, and the well distribution region obtained by adopting the target well distribution region division mode is determined to be the final well distribution region. Therefore, each well spacing zone division mode can be scored in a traversing mode, and a well spacing scheme with multiple indexes such as well spacing cost and drilling rate which best meet the requirements is determined. The specific well spacing division mode adopts: determining a plurality of main units (at least a first distance is formed between the projection centers of any two main units on the same horizontal plane) according to the reservoir range of each reservoir unit; and for each main unit, determining the area range of the main unit by taking the projection center of the main unit as a central point and taking a second distance (which is greater than or equal to half of the first distance) as a radius, determining the reservoir units with the projection centers positioned in the area range of the main unit as slave units of the main unit, and performing deduplication processing on the slave units so that each reservoir unit belongs to at most one main unit. In this way, the specific division condition of each well spacing division mode can be determined by taking different reservoir cells as main cells, the feasibility is very high, the reservoir cells which are searched and determined are limited, the division modes which meet the conditions are also limited, the data size is not too large, and the operability is strong. The duplicate removal processing is carried out on the slave unit, on one hand, data redundancy caused by repetition can be reduced, the processing speed is improved, on the other hand, more accurate well layout area division can be realized, and accurate scoring is facilitated. For each master unit, performing feasibility judgment on the slave unit of the master unit, and determining whether the slave unit drills through a preset horizontal well (which represents a horizontal well of a drilling route determined when the drilling rate of the slave unit within the area range of the master unit is the highest under the condition of a set number of horizontal wells) via the master unit. If the slave unit passes through the preset horizontal well drilling encounter through the main unit, determining the slave unit as a drilling encounter unit, and if the slave unit does not pass through the preset horizontal well drilling encounter through the main unit, determining the slave unit as a lost unit; each main cell and all the drill-meet cells of the main cell are determined to be the same well region, and the missing cell is determined to be a corresponding number of additional well regions. In such a way, the well arrangement area can be further determined as a main unit plus a drilling unit, and the lost unit is used as a mode of an additional well area, so that on one hand, planning and scoring are facilitated, on the other hand, subsequent further development and processing of the additional well area (the lost unit in the well) are facilitated, and the well arrangement effect of horizontal well arrangement of the carbonate reservoir is promoted.
With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the determining, according to the well layout region and the additional well region, a well layout score corresponding to the well layout region partition manner includes: determining a cost relation representing the well distribution cost according to the well distribution region and the additional well region of the well distribution region dividing mode; determining a drilling relation representing the drilling rate of the well distribution according to the well distribution area and part or all of the additional well areas of the well distribution area dividing mode; and determining the well arrangement score according to the cost relation and the drilling and encountering relation.
In the implementation manner, a cost relationship representing the well placement cost is determined according to the well placement region and the additional well region (for example, the cost required for well placement of the well placement region is different from the cost required for well placement of the additional well region, and the well placement costs of different well placement regions may also be different because the number, the length and the like of the preset horizontal wells are also different); according to the well distributing region and part or all of the additional well regions of the well distributing region dividing mode, a drilling and encountering relationship representing the well distributing drilling and encountering rate can be determined (for example, the higher the required drilling and encountering rate is, more reservoir units need to be drilled and encountered during well distribution, the higher the required number of horizontal wells is due to the fact that the arrangement of one horizontal well has strong condition limitation), and the well distributing score can be determined according to the cost relationship and the drilling and encountering relationship. In such a way, the relation between the well layout cost and the drilling encounter rate can be expressed, and the contradiction relation between the well layout cost and the drilling encounter rate can be well balanced and a better solution can be determined by solving through limiting parameters (such as the drilling encounter rate, the total cost and the like) so as to better determine the well layout score corresponding to the well layout division mode.
With reference to the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the well placement region includes only a main cell, or the well placement region includes a main cell and a slave cell, and the determining, according to the reservoir type, the reservoir range, and the number of cells of the reservoir cell in the well placement region, a well placement pattern matched with the reservoir type, the reservoir range, and the number of cells of the reservoir cell in the well placement region includes: if the well layout area only comprises the main unit, the reservoir type of the reservoir unit in the well layout area is a single-pore type or a fracture-pore type, the reservoir range is larger than a preset range value, the reservoir thickness represented by the reservoir parameters is larger than a preset thickness value, and the well layout mode matched with the reservoir parameter is determined to be a double-branch bidirectional mode; if the well layout area only comprises the main unit, the reservoir type of the reservoir unit in the well layout area is a pore fracture type or a main fracture type, the reservoir range is not more than a preset range value, the reservoir thickness represented by the reservoir parameters is more than a preset thickness value, and the well layout mode matched with the reservoir thickness is determined to be a single unidirectional mode; if the well arrangement area comprises a main unit and slave units, the number of the units is greater than a preset number value, and the reservoir ranges of the slave units are distributed in the same depth interval, determining that a well arrangement mode matched with the slave units is a multi-branch multi-directional mode; if the well layout area comprises a main unit and slave units, the number of the units is larger than a preset number value, the reservoir ranges of the slave units are distributed in various intervals with different depths, and a well layout mode matched with the slave units is determined to be a multi-branch three-dimensional mode.
In the implementation manner, for the case that the well placement area only includes the main cell, whether the reservoir type of the reservoir unit is a single-pore type or a fracture-pore type (or the reservoir type is a pore fracture type or a main fracture type), whether the reservoir range is larger than a preset range value, and whether the reservoir thickness represented by the reservoir parameters is larger than a preset thickness value are judged, and whether the well placement mode matched with the reservoir type is a two-branch two-way mode or a single-branch one-way mode is determined; for the condition that the well distribution area comprises a main unit and slave units, whether the number of the units is larger than a preset number value, whether the reservoir type of the reservoir unit is a single-pore type or a fracture-pore type (or the reservoir type is a pore fracture type or a main fracture type), and whether the reservoir ranges of the slave units are distributed in the same depth interval are judged, and whether the well distribution mode matched with the reservoir ranges is a multi-branch multi-directional mode or a multi-branch three-dimensional mode is determined. In such a mode, specific conditions (various factors such as reservoir types, reservoir ranges, reservoir thicknesses, unit numbers, and distribution conditions of the reservoir ranges of the slave units) of the master units and the slave units in one well arrangement area can be well considered, and the most appropriate well arrangement mode is selected, so that the well arrangement cost, the well arrangement effect, the single well yield, the accumulated yield and other indexes of the well arrangement area are met as far as possible, and a better well arrangement effect is obtained.
With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, after all reservoir units are partitioned, a well placement region and an additional well region are obtained, and when horizontal well placement is performed on the well placement region by using a well placement mode matched with the well placement region, the method includes: determining whether a target additional well zone which is located in the advancing direction of the horizontal well in any well distribution zone and is not drilled and encountered and has a depth below the current depth of the horizontal well exists; and if the target additional well area exists, extending the well arrangement of the horizontal well so as to extend the horizontal well to the target additional well area, and realizing drilling of the reservoir unit in the target additional well area.
In this implementation, for the development of additional wells, the additional wells can be developed by: determining whether a target additional well zone which is located in the advancing direction of the horizontal well in any well distribution zone and is not drilled and encountered and has a depth below the current depth of the horizontal well exists; and if the target additional well area exists, extending the well arrangement of the horizontal well so as to extend the horizontal well to the target additional well area, and realizing drilling of the reservoir unit (lost unit) in the target additional well area. Therefore, drilling of the reservoir unit in the target extra well zone can be realized at the lowest cost possible under the practical condition, the drilling rate of the carbonate reservoir is improved, the single well yield and the accumulated yield are improved, and the economic benefit is ensured.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a horizontal well arrangement method applied to a carbonate reservoir according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart for performing well-placement division according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the well spacing mode provided in the embodiment of the present application being a single-branch unidirectional mode.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the well spacing mode provided in the embodiment of the present application being a dual-branch bidirectional mode.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the well arrangement mode provided in the embodiment of the present application being a multi-branch multi-directional mode.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a well arrangement mode provided in the embodiment of the present application being a multi-branch three-dimensional mode.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a horizontal well arrangement method applied to a carbonate reservoir according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the horizontal well arrangement method applied to the carbonate reservoir may be performed by an electronic device (e.g., a server, a personal computer, a tablet computer, a smart terminal, etc.), and specifically may include step S10, step S20, step S30, and step S40.
In order to improve the well spacing efficiency and effect of the horizontal well in the carbonate reservoir development, so as to further improve the economic benefits (e.g., single well production, cumulative production) of the carbonate reservoir production, in this embodiment, the electronic device may execute step S10.
Step S10: and acquiring geological parameters of the carbonate reservoir to be distributed, wherein the geological parameters comprise sand layer parameters, reservoir layer parameters, porosity parameters and fracture development parameters.
In this embodiment, the electronic device may obtain geological parameters of the carbonate reservoir to be distributed. It should be noted that the geological parameters of the carbonate reservoir herein may include sand layer parameters (e.g., depth parameters of cap rock, trap, etc., thickness parameters, drawn sand layer contour map, etc.), reservoir parameters (e.g., reservoir depth, reservoir thickness, drawn reservoir contour map, etc.), porosity parameters (e.g., drawn porosity contour map), and fracture development parameters (e.g., fracture length, fracture width, fracture development degree, etc.), etc., which are not limited herein. Of course, there are some possible parameters that are not listed here, such as seepage parameters, reservoir space, etc., and may be obtained or obtained through processing, and this is not limited here. In addition, the manner of acquiring the geological parameters may be received from other devices, may be entered by a worker (researcher), and is not limited herein.
After obtaining the geological parameters of the carbonate reservoir to be cased, the electronic device may perform step S20.
Step S20: and determining the reservoir categories of reservoir units divided in the carbonate reservoir and the reservoir range corresponding to the reservoir units according to the geological parameters, wherein the reservoir categories of different reservoir units are the same or different.
In this embodiment, the electronic device may determine, according to the geological parameters, the reservoir type of the reservoir unit divided in the carbonate reservoir and the reservoir range corresponding to the reservoir unit.
For example, the electronic device may divide the reservoir of the carbonate reservoir according to the reservoir parameters to determine a plurality of relatively independent reservoir units, where two reservoir units are relatively independent to each other and indicate that a sand interval exceeding a preset distance exists between the two reservoir units. For example, the reservoir of the carbonate reservoir may be partitioned according to a plotted reservoir contour map (i.e., a reservoir contour map) to obtain relatively independent reservoir cells separated by spaced sand intervals, which is not limited herein.
And then, the electronic equipment can determine the reservoir type of each reservoir unit according to the porosity parameter and the fracture development parameter of the reservoir unit. The reservoir of the carbonate reservoir is divided into a plurality of relatively independent reservoir units by using the reservoir parameters, and the reservoir category of each reservoir unit is determined by combining the porosity parameter and the fracture development parameter of each reservoir unit, so that the reservoir category of each reservoir unit can be effectively determined according to the main characteristics of each reservoir unit, and the accuracy of the reservoir category is ensured.
Specifically, for each reservoir unit, the electronic device may determine the reservoir category of the reservoir unit from preset categories according to the porosity parameter and the fracture development parameter of the reservoir unit.
Here, the preset reservoir categories may include: single pore type, fractured pore type, pore fractured type, and main fractured type. The single-pore type means that the reservoir space of the reservoir unit is a matrix and the seepage channel is a matrix. The fracture porosity type means that the reservoir space of the reservoir unit is matrix and fracture, and the seepage channel is matrix and fracture. The pore fracture type means that the reservoir space of the reservoir unit is matrix and fracture, and the seepage channel is fracture. The main fracture type indicates that the reservoir space of the reservoir unit is a fracture, and the seepage channel is a fracture.
Specifically, cracks with a width greater than 100 microns can be considered as large cracks, cracks with a width between 10 and 100 microns can be considered as medium cracks, cracks with a width between 1 and 10 microns can be considered as small cracks (i.e., cracks do not develop), and cracks with a width less than 1 micron can be considered as the matrix of the carbonate rock. And the determination rule of the reservoir category can be preset as follows:
single pore type: the width of the crack is less than 1 micron, the width of the crack is between 1 and 10 microns, and the porosity can be between 2 and 5 percent.
Crack pore type: the width of the crack is mainly between 1 and 10 micrometers, the small part of the crack is more than 10 micrometers, and the porosity can be between 1 and 3 percent.
Pore fracture type (i.e. double pore): the width of the cracks is mostly more than 10 micrometers, a small amount of the cracks is between 1 and 10 micrometers, and the porosity is not more than 1 percent.
Main crack type: the crack width is mostly over 100 microns and the porosity is generally not more than 0.5%.
Of course, such determination rules of reservoir types are only exemplary, and the specific parameter values may be further adjusted according to the actual conditions of the carbonate reservoir to be distributed.
In addition, in some other possible implementation manners, the reservoir category may be determined manually by a worker, and then the determined reservoir category is entered into the electronic device, and an association relationship is established with the corresponding reservoir unit, which is used as the reservoir category of the reservoir unit, and is not limited herein.
Therefore, the reservoir type of the reservoir unit is determined according to the porosity parameter and the fracture development parameter of the reservoir unit, the reservoir characteristics and the seepage characteristics of different reservoir units can be considered, the reservoir type of the reservoir unit can be accurately divided, and the well distribution mode can be accurately matched and applied.
After the reservoir type of the reservoir unit is determined, the electronic device can determine the reservoir range corresponding to the reservoir unit according to the sand layer parameters, the reservoir parameters of each reservoir unit and the reservoir type.
And determining the reservoir range corresponding to the reservoir unit by using the sand layer parameters, the reservoir parameters of each reservoir unit and the reservoir types, so that the more reasonable reservoir range can be determined by considering different conditions of the reservoir units of different reservoir types.
For example, for each reservoir unit, the electronic device may determine an initial range of the reservoir unit according to the sand layer parameters and the reservoir parameters of the reservoir unit; and determining the reservoir range of the effective reservoir space of the reservoir unit according to the preliminary range of the reservoir unit and the reservoir category of the reservoir unit.
For example, the electronic device may determine a preliminary range for the reservoir unit a based on sand parameters (sand burial depth, thickness, location, range, etc.), reservoir parameters (depth, thickness, location, physical properties, oil content, etc.) for the reservoir unit a. To facilitate accurate determination of the effective reservoir thickness (i.e., the thickness of the reservoir with mobile oil, hereinafter referred to as the effective reservoir space) of a reservoir cell, the electronic device may determine, in conjunction with the reservoir category of the reservoir cell, a reservoir extent that represents the effective reservoir space of the reservoir cell.
For convenience of explanation, a very simple example is given here:
for a reservoir unit of the single pore type, the reservoir range may be as follows: and pushing the preliminary range of the single-pore type reservoir unit inwards by a meter to obtain a reservoir range for representing the effective reservoir space of the reservoir unit.
As another example, for a reservoir unit of the main fracture type, the reservoir range may be as follows: and determining a shell-shaped area without large cracks from the primary range of the main crack type reservoir unit, and pushing the inner wall of the shell-shaped area outwards by b meters (if the inner wall of the shell-shaped area is insufficient, the outer wall of the primary range of the reservoir unit is used as a boundary) to obtain the reservoir range representing the effective storage space of the reservoir unit.
Of course, this is merely exemplary, and in practice, the manner of determining the reservoir range of the reservoir units of different reservoir categories may be more complicated, for example, the determination may be assisted by the porosity, lithology characteristics, and the like, and this is not limited herein.
Therefore, according to the sand layer parameters (buried depth, thickness, range and the like) and the reservoir parameters (depth, thickness, physical properties, oil content and the like) of the reservoir unit, the preliminary range of the reservoir unit is determined, and the reservoir range of the effective reservoir space representing the reservoir unit is determined by combining the reservoir type of the reservoir unit, so that different conditions of the reservoir units of different reservoir types can be considered, the more reasonable effective reservoir space is determined to serve as the reservoir range, subsequent well distribution is facilitated, the well distribution effect is guaranteed, the single-well yield and the accumulated yield are favorably improved, and the life cycle of an oil well is prolonged.
After determining the reservoir type of the reservoir unit and the reservoir range corresponding to the reservoir unit, the electronic device may perform step S30.
Step S30: and partitioning all the reservoir units to determine a plurality of different well distribution areas, wherein each well distribution area at least comprises one reservoir unit.
In this embodiment, the electronic device may traverse all the well arrangement region division modes covering all the reservoir units, determine a well arrangement score corresponding to each well arrangement region division mode, further determine a target well arrangement region division mode with the highest well arrangement score, and determine a well arrangement region obtained by using the target well arrangement region division mode as a final well arrangement region.
In the present embodiment, the flow of performing well layout division can be referred to fig. 2.
For example, the electronic device may perform well placement division by using the following process:
step S31: and determining a plurality of main units according to the reservoir range of each reservoir unit, wherein the projection centers of any two main units on the same horizontal plane are at least separated by a first distance.
Step S32: and for each main unit, determining the area range of the main unit by taking the projection center of the main unit as a center point and a second distance as a radius, so as to determine the reservoir units with the projection centers located in the area range of the main unit as slave units of the main unit, and performing deduplication processing on the slave units so that each reservoir unit is subordinate to at most one main unit, wherein the second distance is greater than or equal to half of the first distance.
Step S33: and for each main unit, performing feasibility judgment on the slave unit of the main unit, and determining whether the slave unit drills through a preset horizontal well through the main unit, wherein the preset horizontal well represents a horizontal well of a drilling route determined when the drilling rate of the slave unit in the area range of the main unit is the highest under the condition of a set number of horizontal wells.
Step S34: and if the slave unit is not drilled by the main unit through the preset horizontal well, determining the slave unit as a lost unit.
Step S35: and determining each main unit and all drilling units of the main unit as the same well area, and determining the lost units as a corresponding number of additional well areas.
The following description will be given by taking the execution flow of one well layout division as an example:
first, the electronic device may determine a plurality of master cells based on the reservoir range of each reservoir cell. The determined number of masters needs to satisfy the condition: any two main units are at least separated by a first distance between the projection centers of the same horizontal plane. This allows the approximate scale of each partitioned well placement area to be determined at the time of well placement area partitioning. Of course, the first distance may be adjusted as desired (e.g., the reserves, depths, overall scale, lithology characteristics, etc. of the carbonate reservoir to be distributed may be different, which may affect the distribution pattern, thereby performing corresponding scale adjustments). For example, the first distance may be 100-500 meters (for example, the first distance is 330 meters, 360 meters, etc.), but should not be considered as a limitation of the present application, and an appropriate first distance may be set according to actual needs (for example, for a large-well-spacing production condition, the first distance may be set to 800 meters, 1000 meters, etc.).
After the plurality of main units are determined, for each main unit, the electronic device may determine the area range of the main unit by using the projection center of the main unit as a center point and using the second distance as a radius, so as to determine that the reservoir unit whose projection center is located within the area range of the main unit is the slave unit of the main unit.
Here, the second distance is greater than or equal to half the first distance. For example, when the first distance is 360 meters, the second distance may be 180 meters, which may exclude the same reservoir unit from being located in the area corresponding to two adjacent main units at the same time. Of course, when the first distance is 360 meters, the second distance may be 190 meters or 200 meters, so that the reservoir unit located at the center of two adjacent main units may be divided into one main unit or another main unit, so as to divide the reservoir unit into an area range with smaller development difficulty, and serve as a slave unit of the main unit corresponding to the area range.
It should be noted that, for the case that the second distance is greater than half the first distance, the slave unit needs to be deduplicated so that each reservoir unit is subordinate to at most one master unit. The duplicate removal processing is carried out on the slave unit, on one hand, data redundancy caused by repetition can be reduced, the processing speed is improved, on the other hand, more accurate well layout area division can be realized, and accurate scoring is facilitated.
Then, for each master unit, the electronic device may make a feasibility determination for the slave unit of the master unit to determine whether the slave unit is drilling through a predetermined horizontal well via the master unit. Here, the preset horizontal well means a horizontal well of a drilling route determined when the penetration rate of the slave unit is the highest within the area of the master unit under the condition that the number of horizontal wells is determined. For example, the drilling fraction can be maximized by defining the number of horizontal wells per well placement area (e.g., the number of horizontal wells defining each well placement area is no more than 10, no more than 6, etc., without limitation); the drilling rate of each well distribution zone can be limited (for example, the drilling rate of each well distribution zone is limited to be not less than 80%, the drilling rate is realized by the minimum number of horizontal wells, when the drilling rate is reached, if the number of the horizontal wells is less than X, the drilling rate index is adjusted up to 90% -100%, wherein X can be 2-5, but is not limited thereto). Therefore, the preset horizontal well of the well spacing area can be determined.
Based on the method, the electronic equipment can classify the reservoir units, and if the slave units can be drilled through the main unit through a preset horizontal well, the slave units are determined to be drilling units; if the slave unit cannot be drilled through the master unit via a predetermined horizontal well, it is determined as a lost unit.
Then, the electronic device can determine each main unit and all the drilling units of the main unit as the same well layout area; the missing cells are identified as a corresponding number of additional wells (i.e., each missing cell is identified as one additional well).
In such a way, the well arrangement area can be further determined as a main unit plus a drilling unit, and the lost unit is used as a mode of an additional well area, so that on one hand, planning and scoring are facilitated, on the other hand, subsequent further development and processing of the additional well area (the lost unit in the well) are facilitated, and the well arrangement effect of horizontal well arrangement of the carbonate reservoir is promoted.
Correspondingly, for the well spacing zone dividing mode, the mode of determining the well spacing score can be as follows: and determining well arrangement scores corresponding to the well arrangement zone dividing mode according to the well arrangement zone and the additional well zone.
And determining a well distribution score corresponding to each well distribution zone division mode by traversing all well distribution zone division modes covering all reservoir units, further determining a target well distribution zone division mode with the highest well distribution score, and determining a well distribution zone obtained by adopting the target well distribution zone division mode as a final well distribution zone. Therefore, each well spacing zone division mode can be scored in a traversing mode, and a well spacing scheme with multiple indexes such as well spacing cost and drilling rate which best meet the requirements is determined.
For example, the electronic device may determine a well placement score of the well placement region by: and determining the cost relation representing the well distribution cost according to the well distribution area and the additional well area of the well distribution area dividing mode.
For example, the well regions and additional well regions may be substituted into the following equation:
wherein C represents the well placement cost; 1, 2, 3, …, m; a is i Representing the number of well spacing zones comprising i preset horizontal wells; m i Representing the cost coefficient of a well spacing area comprising i preset horizontal wells; d represents a cost base (as a set value); f represents the well placement cost of the main well (i.e., the major straight section in a horizontal well); x represents the number of main wells (x is greater than or equal to m, for convenience of description, x is greater than or equal to m in the embodiment, that is, the number of main vertical well sections in the horizontal well in each well placement area is 1); b represents the number of additional wells requiring well placement; n represents the cost factor for well placement for additional wells. Of course, this approach is merely exemplary and should not be considered as limiting the present application.
And determining the drilling and encountering relationship representing the drilling and encountering rate of the well layout according to the well layout areas and part or all of the additional well areas of the well layout area dividing mode.
For example, the well regions and additional well regions may be substituted into the following equation:
wherein E represents the overall drilling rate of the carbonate reservoir; n represents the number of well patterns of carbonate reservoir, j is 1, 2, 3, …, n is a 1 +a 2 +…+a m ；G j Denotes the jth clothThe sum of the main unit and the drilling unit in the well area; b represents the number of additional wells requiring well placement; h represents the total number of reservoir cells of a carbonate reservoir, of
y represents the total amount of additional wells of the carbonate reservoir, and y ≧ b (when y ═ b, represents 100% of the overall drilling rate of the carbonate reservoir). Of course, such a manner should not be considered as limiting the present application as well.
The undetermined numerical values in the formula (1) and the formula (2) are b, namely the number of additional well regions needing well arrangement, and b is an integer, so that multiple pairs of solutions (C and E) can be solved, and the optimal solution (C) meeting the requirement can be determined from the multiple pairs of solutions (C and E) Target ，E Target ) The optimal solution obtained by considering the well placement cost and the overall drilling rate may be automatically determined by an electronic device (for example, the optimal solution when the drilling rate is determined to be a certain value), or may be manually determined by a worker, which is not limited herein.
Thus, the electronic device can be based on the cost relationship and the drilling encounter relationship, i.e., the optimal solution (C) Target ，E Target ) The corresponding score is determined. The scores may be obtained by weighted summation, and specific examples are not listed here.
In such a way, the relation between the well layout cost and the drilling encounter rate can be expressed, and the contradiction relation between the well layout cost and the drilling encounter rate can be well balanced and a better solution can be determined by solving through limiting parameters (such as the drilling encounter rate, the total cost and the like) so as to better determine the well layout score corresponding to the well layout division mode.
Then, the electronic device can obtain all well distribution zone division modes and corresponding well distribution scores in a traversing mode, so that the well distribution zone division mode with the highest score can be determined as a target well distribution zone division mode, and therefore the well distribution zone obtained by the target well distribution zone division mode is further determined as a final well distribution zone.
After all the reservoir units are partitioned to obtain the well distribution areas, the electronic device may execute step S40.
Step S40: and aiming at each well distribution area, determining a well distribution mode matched with the well distribution area according to the reservoir type, the reservoir range and the number of the reservoir units in the well distribution area, and performing horizontal well distribution on the well distribution area by adopting the well distribution mode matched with the well distribution area so as to realize horizontal well distribution of the carbonate rock oil reservoir, wherein the well distribution mode is one of a single-branch unidirectional mode, a double-branch bidirectional mode, a multi-branch multidirectional mode and a multi-branch stereoscopic mode.
In this embodiment, for each well placement region, the electronic device may determine, according to the reservoir type, the reservoir range, and the number of the reservoir units in the well placement region, a well placement pattern that matches the reservoir type, the reservoir range, and the number of the units. Here, the well placement mode may be one of a single-leg unidirectional mode, a double-leg bidirectional mode, a multi-leg multidirectional mode, and a multi-leg stereoscopic mode. Of course, there are other well patterns, for example, one or more of the horizontal wells are stepped, and therefore, the present application should not be considered as limited herein. Well arrangement modes of the single-branch unidirectional mode, the double-branch bidirectional mode, the multi-branch multidirectional mode and the multi-branch stereoscopic mode are respectively shown in fig. 3-6.
For example, the electronic device may determine the well pattern corresponding to the well pattern according to different situations:
if the well layout area only comprises the main unit, the reservoir type of the reservoir unit in the well layout area is a single pore type or a fracture pore type, and the reservoir range is larger than a preset range value (for example, the volume of the reservoir unit is larger than 10) 6 m 3 By way of example only, and not limitation), the reservoir parameter is indicative of a reservoir thickness greater than a predetermined thickness value (e.g., 30 meters, by way of example only, and not limitation), and the well placement mode matched therewith is determined to be a dual-branch bidirectional mode.
If the well layout area only comprises main cells, the reservoir type of the reservoir cells in the well layout area is pore fracture type or main fracture type, and the reservoir range is not more than a preset range value (for example, the volume of the reservoir cells is not more than 10) 6 m 3 ) And determining the well spacing mode matched with the reservoir thickness value (for example, 30 meters) as a single unidirectional mode.
If the well is distributedThe sector comprises a master unit and a slave unit, the number of units being greater than a predetermined number (for example 10) 4 For example only, not limited), and the reservoir ranges of the slave units are distributed in the same depth interval (for example, the same depth interval is a depth range of 100 meters, for example only, not limited), and the well placement mode matched with the reservoir ranges is determined to be a plurality of multi-directional modes.
If the well spacing zone includes master units and slave units, the number of units is greater than a predetermined number (e.g., 10) 4 And the reservoir ranges of the slave units are distributed in various intervals with different depths, and the well distribution mode matched with the reservoir ranges is determined to be a multi-branch three-dimensional mode.
In such a mode, specific conditions (various factors such as reservoir types, reservoir ranges, reservoir thicknesses, unit numbers, and distribution conditions of the reservoir ranges of the slave units) of the master units and the slave units in one well arrangement area can be well considered, and the most appropriate well arrangement mode is selected, so that the well arrangement cost, the well arrangement effect, the single well yield, the accumulated yield and other indexes of the well arrangement area are met as far as possible, and a better well arrangement effect is obtained.
After the well arrangement mode matched with the well arrangement area is determined, the well arrangement mode matched with the well arrangement area can be adopted to carry out horizontal well arrangement on the well arrangement area so as to realize horizontal well arrangement on the carbonate reservoir.
In this embodiment, when the well placement mode matched with the well placement area is used to perform horizontal well placement on the well placement area, it may also be determined whether there is an additional target well area that is located in the forward direction of the horizontal well in any well placement area and has a depth below the current depth of the horizontal well and is not drilled. If such a target additional well zone exists, the well pattern of the horizontal well may be extended, so that the horizontal well is extended to the target additional well zone, and drilling of the reservoir unit (i.e., the lost unit) in the target additional well zone is realized.
Therefore, drilling of the reservoir unit in the target extra well zone can be realized at the lowest cost possible under the practical condition, the drilling rate of the carbonate reservoir is improved, the single well yield and the accumulated yield are improved, and the economic benefit is ensured.
In summary, the embodiment of the present application provides a horizontal well arrangement method applied to a carbonate reservoir, which determines a reservoir type of a reservoir unit divided in the carbonate reservoir and a reservoir range corresponding to the reservoir unit by obtaining geological parameters (sand layer parameters, reservoir parameters, porosity parameters and fracture development parameters) of the carbonate reservoir to be arranged; and then all the reservoir units are partitioned (expressed as partitioned areas and layered systems), and a plurality of different well distribution areas are determined (each well distribution area at least comprises one reservoir unit). And aiming at each well arrangement region, determining a well arrangement mode (a single-branch unidirectional mode, a double-branch bidirectional mode, a multi-branch multidirectional mode or a multi-branch three-dimensional mode) matched with each well arrangement region according to the reservoir type, the reservoir range and the number of the reservoir units in the well arrangement region, and carrying out horizontal well arrangement on the well arrangement region by adopting the well arrangement mode so as to realize horizontal well arrangement on the carbonate reservoir. Therefore, the reservoir type and the reservoir range of reservoir units in the carbonate reservoir to be distributed can be determined, all the reservoir units are further partitioned, and the corresponding well distribution modes (different well distribution modes can be adopted in different well distribution areas) are determined, so that the characteristics of various reservoir development forms, complex oil layer distribution and strong heterogeneity of the carbonate reservoir can be well met, the combination of the well distribution modes of different horizontal wells is realized, the well distribution effect can be favorably improved, and the economic benefits (such as single-well yield and cumulative yield) generated by mining the carbonate reservoir are improved. And the division of the well arrangement area and the independent well arrangement enable the horizontal well arrangement of different well arrangement areas to be carried out simultaneously, thereby further improving the well arrangement efficiency. In addition, the method is also beneficial to improving the oil reservoir exploitation life cycle of the carbonate oil reservoir.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways, and the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative.
In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A horizontal well arrangement method applied to a carbonate reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring geological parameters of a carbonate reservoir to be distributed, wherein the geological parameters comprise sand layer parameters, reservoir layer parameters, porosity parameters and fracture development parameters;
determining reservoir categories of reservoir units divided in the carbonate reservoir and reservoir ranges corresponding to the reservoir units according to the geological parameters, wherein the reservoir categories of different reservoir units are the same or different;
partitioning all the reservoir units to determine a plurality of different well distribution areas, wherein each well distribution area at least comprises one reservoir unit;
aiming at each well distribution area, determining a well distribution mode matched with each well distribution area according to the reservoir type, the reservoir range and the number of the reservoir units in the well distribution area, and performing horizontal well distribution on the well distribution area by adopting the well distribution mode matched with the well distribution area so as to realize horizontal well distribution of the carbonate reservoir, wherein the well distribution mode is one of a single-branch unidirectional mode, a double-branch bidirectional mode, a multi-branch multidirectional mode and a multi-branch stereoscopic mode;
determining the reservoir type of the reservoir unit divided in the carbonate reservoir and the reservoir range corresponding to the reservoir unit according to the geological parameters, wherein the determining comprises the following steps:
according to the reservoir parameters, dividing reservoirs of the carbonate reservoir to determine a plurality of relatively independent reservoir units, wherein the two reservoir units are relatively independent to indicate that a sand interval exceeding a preset distance exists between the two reservoir units; determining the reservoir type of each reservoir unit according to the porosity parameter and the fracture development parameter of each reservoir unit; determining a reservoir range corresponding to each reservoir unit according to the sand layer parameters, the reservoir parameters of each reservoir unit and the reservoir category;
determining a reservoir range corresponding to each reservoir unit according to the sand layer parameters, the reservoir parameters of each reservoir unit and the reservoir types, wherein the determining comprises the following steps:
aiming at each reservoir unit, determining a preliminary range of the reservoir unit according to the sand layer parameters and the reservoir parameters of the reservoir unit; determining the reservoir range representing the effective reservoir space of the reservoir unit according to the preliminary range of the reservoir unit and the reservoir category of the reservoir unit;
the well layout area only comprises a main unit, or the well layout area comprises a main unit and a slave unit, and the well layout mode matched with the reservoir type, the reservoir range and the unit number of the reservoir unit in the well layout area is determined according to the reservoir type, the reservoir range and the unit number of the reservoir unit in the well layout area, and the well layout mode comprises the following steps:
if the well layout area only comprises the main unit, the reservoir type of the reservoir unit in the well layout area is a single-pore type or a fracture-pore type, the reservoir range is larger than a preset range value, the reservoir thickness represented by the reservoir parameters is larger than a preset thickness value, and the well layout mode matched with the reservoir parameter is determined to be a double-branch bidirectional mode; if the well layout area only comprises the main unit, the reservoir type of the reservoir unit in the well layout area is a pore fracture type or a main fracture type, the reservoir range is not more than a preset range value, the reservoir thickness represented by the reservoir parameters is more than a preset thickness value, and the well layout mode matched with the reservoir thickness is determined to be a single unidirectional mode; if the well arrangement area comprises a main unit and slave units, the number of the units is greater than a preset number value, and the reservoir ranges of the slave units are distributed in the same depth interval, determining that a well arrangement mode matched with the slave units is a multi-branch multi-directional mode; if the well layout area comprises a main unit and slave units, the number of the units is larger than a preset number value, the reservoir ranges of the slave units are distributed in various intervals with different depths, and a well layout mode matched with the slave units is determined to be a multi-branch three-dimensional mode.
2. The horizontal well placement method for carbonate reservoirs according to claim 1, wherein the presetting of reservoir categories comprises: the method comprises the following steps of determining the reservoir type of each reservoir unit according to the porosity parameter and the fracture development parameter of each reservoir unit, wherein the reservoir type comprises a single-pore type, a fracture-pore type, a pore fracture type and a main fracture type, and the method comprises the following steps:
for each reservoir unit, determining the reservoir category of the reservoir unit from the preset reservoir categories according to the porosity parameter and the fracture development parameter of the reservoir unit;
wherein, the single-pore type represents that the reservoir space of the reservoir unit is a matrix and the seepage channel is a matrix; the fracture pore type represents that the reservoir space of the reservoir unit is a matrix and a fracture, and the seepage channel is a matrix and a fracture; the pore fracture type represents that the reservoir space of the reservoir unit is matrix and fracture, and the seepage channel is fracture; the main fracture type indicates that the reservoir space of the reservoir unit is a fracture, and the seepage channel is a fracture.
3. The horizontal well arrangement method applied to the carbonate reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the step of partitioning all reservoir units to determine a plurality of different well arrangement regions comprises:
traversing all well distribution region division modes covering all reservoir units, determining a well distribution score corresponding to each well distribution region division mode, further determining a target well distribution region division mode with the highest well distribution score, and determining a well distribution region obtained by adopting the target well distribution region division mode as a final well distribution region;
wherein, each well spacing division mode adopts the following procedures:
determining a plurality of main units according to the reservoir range of each reservoir unit, wherein at least a first distance is formed between the projection centers of any two main units on the same horizontal plane;
for each main unit, taking the projection center of the main unit as a center point, taking a second distance as a radius to determine a regional scope of the main unit, so as to determine reservoir cells of which the projection centers are located within the regional scope of the main unit as slave cells of the main unit, and performing deduplication processing on the slave cells so that each reservoir cell is subordinate to at most one main unit, wherein the second distance is greater than or equal to half of the first distance;
for each main unit, performing feasibility judgment on a slave unit of the main unit, and determining whether the slave unit drills through a preset horizontal well through the main unit, wherein the preset horizontal well represents a horizontal well of a drilling route determined when the drilling rate of the slave unit in the area range of the main unit is the highest under the condition of a set number of horizontal wells;
if the slave unit passes through the preset horizontal well drilling encounter through the main unit, determining the slave unit as a drilling encounter unit, and if the slave unit does not pass through the preset horizontal well drilling encounter through the main unit, determining the slave unit as a lost unit;
determining each main unit and all drilling units of the main unit as the same well distribution area, and determining the missing units as a corresponding number of additional well areas;
correspondingly, for the well spacing zone dividing mode, the mode of determining the well spacing score is as follows:
and determining a well arrangement score corresponding to the well arrangement region dividing mode according to the well arrangement region and the additional well region.
4. The horizontal well arrangement method applied to the carbonate reservoir according to claim 3, wherein the step of determining the well arrangement score corresponding to the well arrangement zone division mode according to the well arrangement zone and the additional well zone comprises the following steps:
determining a cost relation representing well distribution cost according to the well distribution region and the additional well region in the well distribution region dividing mode;
determining a drilling relation representing the drilling rate of the well layout according to the well layout area and part or all of the additional well areas in the well layout area dividing mode;
and determining the well arrangement score according to the cost relation and the drilling and encountering relation.
5. The horizontal well arrangement method applied to the carbonate reservoir according to claim 1, wherein all reservoir units are partitioned to obtain a well arrangement region and an additional well region, and when the well arrangement region is subjected to horizontal well arrangement by adopting a well arrangement mode matched with the well arrangement region, the method comprises the following steps:
determining whether a target additional well zone which is located in the advancing direction of the horizontal well in any well distribution zone and is not drilled and encountered and has a depth below the current depth of the horizontal well exists;
and if the target additional well area exists, extending the well arrangement of the horizontal well so as to extend the horizontal well to the target additional well area, and realizing drilling of the reservoir unit in the target additional well area.
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| CN104912537A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-09-16 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Well network deployment method of giant thick fractured and buried hill reservoir |
| CN109779624A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-21 | 西安石油大学 | Crack-hole type carbonate reservoir method is evaluated based on karst parametric synthesis |
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