CN109779624A - Crack-hole type carbonate reservoir method is evaluated based on karst parametric synthesis - Google Patents
Crack-hole type carbonate reservoir method is evaluated based on karst parametric synthesis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method of crack-hole type carbonate reservoir is evaluated based on karst parametric synthesis, reservoir conceptual schema is first established, identifies crack-hole type carbonate reservoir；Applicable evaluation of classification standard is formulated reservoir again, and the qualitative division of sxemiquantitative-and evaluation are carried out to individual well reservoir；Then by palaeo-tectonic stress field analysis, carry out carbonate fracture evaluation and prediction, obtain the crucial fracture parameters of evaluating reservoir；Two vertical rate of karstification, karst intensity karst parameters are characterized, the crucial karst parameter of evaluating reservoir is calculated；Comprehensive deposition Microfacies Types, crucial fracture parameters and crucial karst parameter carry out multifactor reservoir development probability assessment using " overlapping probability assessment method "；In the case where fracture evaluation predicts plane constraint diagram, individual well evaluating reservoir achievement realizes the evaluating reservoir in plane and prediction in conjunction with reservoir development probability assessment achievement；The present invention has comprehensive strong, evaluation quantification, operable advantage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil and gas exploration Evaluation of Carbonate Reservoir technical fields, and in particular to one kind is based on karst
Crack-hole type carbonate reservoir method is evaluated in parametric synthesis.
Technical background
Evaluating reservoir is one of core content of reservoir study, and oil-gas exploration stage evaluating reservoir can divide according to actual needs
For individual well evaluating reservoir and plane evaluating reservoir.Individual well evaluating reservoir mainly appear on five stages of oil-gas exploration (regional exploration,
Pre-exploring prospects, oil gas field evaluate exploration, progressive exploratioon and development, maturation zone Deepening Exploration) the first and second stage, plane reservoir comments
Each stage of the valence through oil-gas exploration.
The reservoir of global main oil gas field is mostly to be made of sedimentogenic clastic rock and carbonate rock.Clast
Rock reservoir is to be distributed a kind of most wide Reservoir type, and the range of carbonate reservoir distribution is only second to clastic reservoir rock in the world.
Carbonate reservoir is as a kind of porous media, and void space is mainly by hole, hole and three kinds of crack difference
Space constitute.On the one hand, there is significant differences for the state of fluid seepage flow in different void spaces, are made by various geology
Control, the degree that these three void spaces are developed in carbonate rock can be variant, and material is thus formed with different infiltrations
The reservoir of streaming system；On the other hand, then different since the developmental condition of three kinds of void spaces is related from different geologic(al) factors
Reservoir will appear among certain geologic setting.The factor for comprehensively considering these two aspects is seeped carbonate reservoir by storage
System is classified, and pore type is mainly occurred, hole-hole type, (narrow sense) crack-hole type, pore pattern carbonate rock reservoir, is split
Seam-the Reservoir types such as small Caves and slit formation.(narrow sense) crack-hole type reservoir, crack-porosity reservoir, crack-
Small Caves reservoir and crack elimination collectively form (broad sense) crack-hole type reservoir.
It is the oil-gas exploration stage, main according to People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard-Oil/Gas Reservoir Assessment side
Method (SY/T 6285-2011) comprehensively considers various factors such as lithology, physical property, pore structure of reservoir, carries out hole
Type, hole-hole type carbonate reservoir evaluation of classification.This is substantially to comment carbonate reservoir " matrix " sillar
Valence, belongs to the scope of evaluation carbonate reservoir Reservoir, and is not belonging to carbonate reservoir overall merit, while also not providing
For the specific method of operation.Development and dissolution pore, solution cavity due to crack are widely present, so that crack-hole type carbonate
The overall merit of rock reservoir (broad sense crack-hole type reservoir) becomes a great problem in carbonate reservoir geologic assessment.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the above prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide one kind to be based on karst parametric synthesis
Crack-hole type carbonate reservoir method is evaluated, quantification is evaluated by force with comprehensive, can operate, be suitable for marine facies
The advantages of Carbonate Oil gas field (hiding).
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A method of crack-hole type carbonate reservoir is evaluated based on karst parametric synthesis, comprising the following steps:
The first step, using drilling well, well logging, well logging, rock core and casting body flake data, with the both macro and micro group of carbonate rock
Based on structure feature, crack-hole type carbonate reservoir conceptual schema is established, identifies crack-hole type carbonate rock
Reservoir；
Second step formulates applicable crack-hole type carbonate reservoir evaluation of classification standard, carries out to individual well reservoir
The qualitative division of sxemiquantitative-and evaluation；
Crack-hole type carbonate reservoir Single Well Evaluation is according to the division of individual well sedimentary micro, reservoir properties, well logging solution
Be interpreted into fruit, well logging oil/gas show and formation testing achievement, individual well crack and solution cavity statistics, and combine rock core Mercury injection data and
Casting body flake image analysis data establishes applicable reservoir classification and evaluation standard, carries out qualitative stroke of sxemiquantitative-to individual well reservoir
Point and evaluation, be specifically divided into level Four, i.e. I class reservoir, II class reservoir, III class reservoir, IV class reservoir, respectively indicated reservoir,
Preferable reservoir, medium reservoir, difference or non-reservoir；
Third step carries out carbonate fracture evaluation and prediction, obtains evaluating reservoir by palaeo-tectonic stress field analysis
Crucial fracture parameters；
The crucial reflecting layer of crack-hole type carbonate reservoir is first selected, it is carried out using finite element method
Paleotectonic stress field sunykatuib analysis obtains the tectonic setting of Evaluation of Carbonate Reservoir and the basis of fracture evaluation prediction；It is based on
Rock mass strength is theoretical, fracture evaluation prediction is carried out, using Mohr-coulomb criterion as the foundation for judging rock rupture, root
According to Mohr strength theory, fracture parameters are calculated, comprehensive paleotectonic stress field sunykatuib analysis result and Rockmass fractures parameter distribution are special
Sign carries out the evaluation and foreca of crucial reflecting layer carbonate fracture；
4th step characterizes two vertical rate of karstification, karst intensity karst parameters, the crucial karst of evaluating reservoir is calculated
Parameter；
(1) vertical rate of karstification: vertical rate of karstification refers to the percentage of the thickness and gross reservoir interval of karst section in individual well reservoir
Than the expression formula of vertical rate of karstification σ are as follows:
σ=Hv/Hl× 100% (1)
In formula (1): HvFor karst section thickness (m), refer to the interval overall thickness that original fracture hole rate is greater than zero；HlFor reservoir
Overall thickness (m) refers to the overall thickness of coring section；
The relative thickness scale of karst section development, reflects from a side in vertical rate of karstification σ instruction individual well longitudinal profile
The degree of strength of Carbonate Reservoirs effect；
(2) karst intensity: karst intensity refers to that individual well is averaged the product of original fracture hole rate and karst section thickness, then divided by storage
Layer overall thickness, the expression formula of karst intensity T are as follows:
T=ΦIt is original×Hv/Hl (2)
In formula (2): ΦIt is originalFor averagely original fracture hole rate (%)；HvFor karst section thickness (m), refer to that original fracture hole rate is big
In zero interval overall thickness；HlFor gross reservoir interval (m), refer to the overall thickness of coring section；
Karst intensity T is an overall target for characterizing carbonate rock corrosion power, and karst intensity not only reflects karst section
Relative thickness, and reflect the fracture hole that karstification is formed number, can be than more fully reflecting the power of karstification
Degree；
5th step, comprehensive deposition Microfacies Types, crucial fracture parameters and crucial karst parameter, utilizes " overlapping probability assessment
Method " carries out multifactor reservoir development probability assessment；
6th step, in the case where fracture evaluation predicts plane constraint diagram, individual well evaluating reservoir achievement and reservoir development probability assessment
Achievement combines, and realizes the evaluating reservoir in plane and prediction.
" overlapping probability assessment method " belongs to quantification reservoir evaluation methods in 5th step, i.e., influence crack-hole
The sedimentary micro type of hole type carbonate reservoir development, fracture parameters, four vertical rate of karstification, karst intensity key factors
It regards as and is independent from each other, the height of every kind of factor development degree indicates that every single factor test is flat with probability value between 0~1
Evaluation figure in face is all converted into a probability value flat distribution map, and finally the superposition of several single factor test probability value plan views, which is multiplied, is
A multifactor overlapping probability value plan view, i.e. reservoir development probability graph are obtained, probability Spring layer therein is exactly reservoir development
Preferable region, relatively, probability low value area is exactly the poor region of reservoir development, can the geologic assessment quantification of reservoir,
And it finally evaluates and there was only a kind of lines on figure.
6th step, in the case where fracture evaluation predicts plane constraint diagram, passes through individual well based on reservoir development probability graph
Under+II class reservoir thickness ratio Queue sequence of I class of reservoir classification and evaluation table and individual well verifies jointly, karsts developing area journey is considered
Degree determines the probability value section of I class reservoir region, II class reservoir region, III class reservoir region, IV class reservoir region respectively, and it is flat to obtain reservoir
Face evaluation and foreca figure describes all kinds of reservoir region positions according to the figure, completes crack-hole type carbonate reservoir flat
Evaluation and prediction on face.
The invention has the benefit that
The present invention on carbonate reservoir fracture evaluation fundamentals of forecasting, calculate two crucial karst parameters (reflection hole,
Hole gross feature), in conjunction with factors such as sedimentary micro, physical property, pore structures (reflection hole microscopic feature), from individual well and plane
Two dimension overall merit crack-hole type carbonate reservoirs are evaluated quantification, can be operated, are applicable in by force with comprehensive
In Marine Carbonate Rocks oil gas field (hiding) the advantages of.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is identification crack-hole type carbonate reservoir conceptual schema figure.
Fig. 2 is the simulation computing structure model figure of palaeo-tectonic stress field analysis.
Fig. 3 is boundary condition, grid cell and the model deformation pattern of palaeo-tectonic stress field analysis.
Fig. 4 is that the maximum principal stress of palaeo-tectonic stress field analysis is distributed chromatogram.
Fig. 5 is that the minimum principal stress of palaeo-tectonic stress field analysis is distributed chromatogram.
Fig. 6 is the shearing stress distribution chromatogram of palaeo-tectonic stress field analysis.
Fig. 7 is the area TZH ORDOVICIAN CARBONATE rock damaged degree figure.
Fig. 8 is the area TZH Fractures of Ordovician Carbonate Rocks evaluation and foreca figure.
Fig. 9 is the area TZH ORDOVICIAN CARBONATE karst parameter distribution figure.
Figure 10 is the multifactor overlapping probability assessment method flow diagram of carbonate reservoir.
Figure 11 is that upper Ordovician series good inner group of carbonate reservoir in the area TZH develops probability graph.
Figure 12 is that the area TZH Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group carbonate reservoir develops probability graph.
Figure 13 is the good inner group of Evaluation of Carbonate Reservoir prognostic chart of the area TZH upper Ordovician series.
Figure 14 is the area TZH Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group Evaluation of Carbonate Reservoir prognostic chart.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
With the good inner group of carbonate reservoir of the area Xinjiang, China TZH upper Ordovician series, Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group carbonate rock
Reservoir is embodiment, evaluates crack-hole type carbonate reservoir based on karst parametric synthesis.
A method of crack-hole type carbonate reservoir is evaluated based on karst parametric synthesis, comprising the following steps:
The first step establishes reservoir conceptual schema using data such as drilling well, well logging, well logging, rock core and casting body flakes, and identification is split
Seam-hole type carbonate reservoir；
Due to the drilling tool emptying and a large amount of leakages of mud in drilling process, high natural gamma is shown on log
And low-resistivity, terrigenous clastic and big crystal grain carbonate rock mineral (mine bits), stalactite remnant in carbonate formation well logging
Largely mix appearance with carbonate rock detritus, apparent hole, crack (containing molten seam), diameter in casting body flake are observed on rock core
Hole greater than 2mm is more than 30% and has intertexture phenomenon with crack, these marks are crack-hole type carbonate reservoirs
Notable feature, information, sets up crack-hole type carbonate reservoir concept according to the feature of fabric of carbonate rock accordingly
Mode；
1. drilling well is shown: in drilling process bore meet the area TZH ORDOVICIAN CARBONATE solution cavity when, often occur drilling tool emptying and
A large amount of mud leakage；Drilling tool emptying amount is generally 0.15~2.0m, and drilling tool emptying is to bore the most direct mark for meeting solution cavity；With
What apparent drilling tool emptying was accompanied is a large amount of mud leakage phenomenas, this is to bore to meet solution cavity as a result, h67 well is drilled on 4261m
1.58m is vented when Austria's pottery good inner group of limestone of system；2. well logging display: high natural gamma and low-resistivity are to shale in Fracture-cavity
The response of charges, when the area TZH ORDOVICIAN CARBONATE solution cavity is filled by charges such as dust, chiltern and shales, from
Right gamma value be generally 52~105API (carbonate rock basement rock natural gamma value is generally 11~16API or so, curve rise and fall compared with
It is small)；Resistivity value is generally 4~72 Ω m, and partially less than 2 Ω m, (carbonate rock basement rock resistivity value is generally all 105
Ω m or more reaches as high as tens of thousands of Ω m)；3. logging presentation: h67 well upper Ordovician series good inner group of top in the area TZH is high about
The large-scale solution cavity of 1.69m is mainly limestone dust, carbonate mineral (mainly carbonate rock mineral grains, stalactite remnant
Deng) and sand shale incomplete filling；4. rock core is shown: the corrosion hole hair in good inner group of h89 well 3885~3898m upper Ordovician series
Educate more dispersed, mostly in being scattered about like the stars shape, often filled for shale and chiltern and calcite filling or half, in 4759~4773m of h40 well under
Corrosion hole in the mountain Tao Tongying group dolomite difficult to understand is in honeycomb distribution more, is partially in elongate shape parallel layers EDS maps, between hole
Connectivity it is preferable.Corrosion hole packing density in dolomite is lower, and only corrosion hole in part is a small amount of dolomite dust, mud
Matter and dolomite, calcite, silicoide filling or half fill, and the molten seam development in the good inner group of top of h67 well upper Ordovician series, corrosion is expanded
Big seam is often filled by shale, flour sand and a small amount of carbonate rock dust, granular calcite and dolomite；5. casting body flake is shown:
Mainly see that combination is seeped in crack-hole storage, combination is seeped in crack-hole storage, crack-is small under the ORDOVICIAN CARBONATE mirror of the area TZH
Combination is seeped in solution cavity storage, reservoir and flow space is served as in crack, and storing up hole of the diameter greater than 2mm in infiltration combination in first two is more than 30%,
And there is the phenomenon that clearly interweaves with crack.
According to above- mentioned information, based on the both macro and micro feature of fabric of carbonate rock, establishes the area the TZH Ordovician system and split
Seam-hole type carbonate reservoir conceptual schema, as shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 illustrates the good inner group of carbonate of the area TZH upper Ordovician series
Rock and Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group carbonate rock belong to crack-hole type carbonate reservoir of broad sense；
Second step formulates applicable reservoir classification and evaluation standard, and individual well reservoir is carried out the qualitative division of sxemiquantitative-and commented
Valence；
Reservoir Single Well Evaluation belongs to the evaluating reservoir of the vertical one-dimensional space, carbonate reservoir more, hole with storage infiltration type
The feature that gap structure is complicated and heterogeneity is extremely strong, has general character with clastic reservoir rock in Single Well Evaluation technology and methods, but
More there is its unique distinction；Crack-hole type carbonate reservoir Single Well Evaluation according to the division of individual well sedimentary micro, reservoir properties,
Well log interpretation achievement, well logging oil/gas show and formation testing achievement, individual well crack and solution cavity statistics, and combine rock core Mercury injection
Data and casting body flake image analysis data (both reflecting pore structure of reservoir), establish applicable reservoir classification and evaluation
Standard carries out the qualitative division of sxemiquantitative-and evaluation to individual well reservoir, is specifically divided into level Four, i.e. I class reservoir (good reservoir), II
Class reservoir (preferable reservoir), III class reservoir (medium reservoir), IV class reservoir (difference or non-reservoir)；
The present embodiment is main according to individual well for the area TZH Ordovician system individual well crack-hole type reservoir evaluation of classification
Sedimentary micro division, reservoir properties, well log interpretation achievement, well logging oil/gas show and formation testing achievement, individual well crack and solution cavity statistics
Etc. data, and rock core Mercury injection data and casting body flake image analysis data is combined (both to reflect that RESERVOIR PORE STRUCTURE is special
Sign), applicable reservoir classification and evaluation standard (table 1) is established, the qualitative division of sxemiquantitative-and evaluation are carried out to individual well reservoir, by it
It is divided into level Four, i.e. I class reservoir, II class reservoir, III class reservoir, IV class reservoir.
1 area TZH Ordovician system individual well crack of table-hole type reservoir classification and evaluation standard scale
The good inner group of Evaluation of Carbonate Reservoir of the area 1.TZH individual well
According to the area TZH Ordovician system individual well crack-hole type reservoir classification and evaluation standard scale (table 1), to 12 mouthfuls of this area
The good inner group of carbonate reservoir of well upper Ordovician series carries out evaluation of classification, and the result is shown in tables 2.According to+II class reservoir thickness ratio of I class
Each well is lined up, reservoir quality is generally from good to the sequence of difference are as follows: h67 > h91 > h52 > h57 > h55 > h73 >
H67 > h34 > h36 > h93 > hc1 > h85.
The good inner group of individual well reservoir classification and evaluation table of 2 area TZH upper Ordovician series of table
The area 2.TZH individual well hawk mountain group Evaluation of Carbonate Reservoir
According to the area TZH Ordovician system individual well crack-hole type reservoir classification and evaluation standard scale (table 1), to 6 mouthfuls of this area
Well Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group carbonate reservoir carries out evaluation of classification, and the result is shown in tables 3.
3 area TZH Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group individual well reservoir classification and evaluation table of table
Each well is lined up according to+II class reservoir thickness ratio of I class, reservoir quality is generally from good to the sequence of difference
Are as follows: h99 > h43 > h73 > h34 > hc1 > h57；
Third step carries out carbonate fracture evaluation and prediction, obtains evaluating reservoir by palaeo-tectonic stress field analysis
Crucial fracture parameters.
Paleotectonic stress field is the important geologic setting of Evaluation of Carbonate Reservoir, and fracture evaluation prediction result is crack-
One of main foundation of hole type Evaluation of Carbonate Reservoir；The crucial reflecting layer of fracture-hole type carbonate reservoir into
The sunykatuib analysis of row paleotectonic stress field, it is on this basis, theoretical based on rock mass strength, carry out fracture evaluation prediction, including model
Foundation, paleotectonic stress field sunykatuib analysis, fracture parameters (rock breakage degree) calculate and fracture evaluation predicts several links；
The present embodiment is using finite element method to the area the TZH reflecting layer Ordovician system X (Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group top
Crucial reflecting layer) sunykatuib analysis of paleotectonic stress field is carried out, it is on this basis, theoretical based on rock mass strength, it carries out crack and comments
Valence prediction, mainly includes following four step:
1. model foundation: the area TZH Ordovician system construction feature reflects, though area's Ordovician system fault development, it is constructed
Amplitude is low, and main occur and the surrectic structure of tomography phase association, and major faults are along NE, NNE, NNW and NW to distribution.According to these
Feature, bond area tectonic setting show that the area the TZH Ordovician system is mainly squeezed by NE to construction.
When establishing the model for being used for sunykatuib analysis, mainly established based on the structural map of the area the TZH reflecting layer Ordovician system X
Model, as shown in Fig. 2, sunykatuib analysis object is the area the TZH reflecting layer Ordovician system X carbonate mass.Because area Ordovician system X reflects
It is that layer structural map irregularity boundary influences sunykatuib analysis as a result, model area is determined as here it is rectangular, square model N circle with
NW is parallel to dominant fault, and the right is vertical with the dominant fault.Think that the square model is mainly constructed by a phase when sunykatuib analysis to squeeze.
Give square model each tectonic position when sunykatuib analysis respectively, such as structural high part, tomography, tomography protuberance, hillside fields, to tiltedly
Different mechanics parameter values is taken to ensure that the square model does not generate biggish deformation in sunykatuib analysis for exceeding
The region of the area the TZH reflecting layer Ordovician system X structural map range assigns the method that specific mechanics parameter is controlled.
Consider that the buried depth of the reflecting layer the area TZH Ordovician system X carbonate mass is typically greater than 4000m, in rectangular mould
NE circle of type applies the direct stress of 75MPa, and SE circle applies the support force of 20MPa, and stress is uniform load.Square shaped model NW circle
NW-SE is carried out to stress constraint, square shaped model SW circle carries out NE-SE to stress constraint.Using six node triangle units
With eight Node Quadrilateral Finite Element units by the area the TZH reflecting layer Ordovician system X square model it is discrete be 11850 nodes, 3878 units,
To which square model regional network be formatted, as shown in Figure 3.
2. paleotectonic stress field sunykatuib analysis: continuously adjusting the area the TZH reflecting layer Ordovician system X square model grid cell
Mechanics parameter value, the deformation behaviour for keeping the square model last reaches best fit with structural feature now, realizes anti-to X
Penetrate the simulation of layer paleotectonic stress field；Finally obtain the maximum principal stress (σ in the area the TZH reflecting layer Ordovician system X1), minimum master answers
Power (σ2) and shear stress (τ) distribution characteristics.
1) maximum principal stress: the σ in the area the TZH reflecting layer Ordovician system X1It is worth in main body in SW-NE to spread, with NW-SE
To main construction trace it is closely vertical, from NW to SE, σ1Value is gradually reduced, but σ1Distribution value is relatively uniform, it is distributed in 65.70~
Between 75.84MPa, it is mainly distributed between 67.87~72.38.The TZH main structural belt in area and surrounding σ1Value is significantly greater than
TZH area time structural belt and its surrounding, σ1Value is up to 74.50MPa near h89 well, and h98, h60, h491 well one is with σ1Value compared with
Height, the side NW of h86 well and the SW edge region-by-region of h71 well and h85 well one are with σ1It is worth relatively low (as shown in Figure 4).
2) minimum principal stress: the σ in the area the TZH reflecting layer Ordovician system X2Direction and its σ1Direction is closely vertical, in NW-SE to point
Cloth, from NW to SE, σ2Value has increased trend, is σ in the Ordovician system primary and secondary structural belt of the area TZH2Low value area, be due to stress
Caused by release.σ2Being distributed between 13.27~33.56MPa for value is mainly distributed between 22.24~28.39MPa (as schemed
Shown in 5).
3) shear stress: the τ Distribution value in the area the TZH reflecting layer Ordovician system X is relatively uniform, it is distributed in -5.57~
Between 5.88MPa, τ has the tendency that concentration (as shown in Figure 6) in the meet of the area TZH Ordovician system tomography and different tomographies.
3. fracture parameters (rock breakage degree) calculate: the extent of the destruction of rock is usually indicated with rock breakage degree (μ), in rock
In the stress-strain analysis of stone mechanics, which is the magnitude obtained based on Rock Strength Theory.The area the TZH Ordovician system
The buried depth of the reflecting layer X carbonate mass is typically greater than 4000m, and rock is in the scope of crisp elasticity-elastic-plastic deformation.
Area's Ordovician system fault development, the feature of fold building agensis illustrate that its carbonate rock hydrodynamic properties is closer to crisp bullet
Property, here using Mohr-coulomb criterion as the foundation for judging rock rupture.
According to Mohr strength theory, the structure of rock breakage degree (fracture parameters) is μ=f (σ)/k (k), table
Up to formula are as follows:
In formula (3): σ1For maximum principal stress, σ2For minimum principal stress, c cohesive force,Internal friction angle, c,For to carbon
The empirical data arrived measured by Carbonate Rocks.
According to classical rock mechanics theory, the judgment criterion ruptured:
If when μ < 1.00, Rock Mass Stability will not be usually destroyed, stress state is in the inside of yield surface；
If when μ >=1.00, stress state suffered by rock ruptures envelope at or above Mohr-coulomb stress circle
Unstability is generated significantly rupture by line, rock.
Currently, rock breakage degree (μ) can indicate the relative extent of rock masses fracturing, i.e. development degree of micro cracks in oil, in general,
Rock breakage angle value is bigger, and crack is more developed.
Using rock breakage degree (μ) calculation formula (formula (3)), the area the TZH reflecting layer Ordovician system X carbonate is calculated
The rock breakage degree and its distribution characteristics (as shown in Figure 7) of rock mass.Local area Ordovician system X reflecting layer carbonate rock extent of the destruction compared with
Most of region rock breakage degree (μ) of height, the area is all larger than 0.90, shows to already exceed or close to cracking threshold.μ high level
Area concentrates on break grand, tomography and its neighbouring some regions, and peak is greater than 1.50, mainly appears on NW end of the NW to dominant fault
End and its region converged with nearly S-N to tomography, μ value are maximum；Remaining position from NW to dominant fault and with the tomography phase association
Structural high part and its neighbouring region, μ value is between 1.50~1.00.
4. fracture evaluation is predicted: mainly broken according to the area TZH Ordovician system paleotectonic stress field sunykatuib analysis result and rock
Damage degree (μ), in conjunction with the geologic feature of the area the TZH Ordovician system and drilling well and the condition of production, for area's ORDOVICIAN CARBONATE
Development degree of micro cracks in oil is worked out fracture development evaluation and foreca standard (table 4).
4 area TZH Fractures of Ordovician Carbonate Rocks assessment of growth and development prediction standard table of table
| μ value | Rock breakage degree subregion | Crack rank |
| ≤1.00 | The deficient development area of breakage | IV grade |
| 1.00~1.20 | Damaged development threshold area | III grade |
| 1.20~1.40 | Breakage is compared with development area | II grade |
| 1.40~1.50 | Damaged development area | I grade |
| ≥1.50 | Damage zone | Fracture belt |
Using the area TZH Fractures of Ordovician Carbonate Rocks assessment of growth and development prediction standard (table 4), by the area TZH Ordovician system carbon
Hydrochlorate rock mass is divided into fracture belt, I grade of area of fracture development, II grade of area of fracture development, fracture development III by the development degree in crack
Grade area and fracture development IV grade of area (owing development area in crack).Fig. 8 institute is shown in distribution of the fracture developing zone of 4 ranks in the area TZH
Show.
4th step characterizes two vertical rate of karstification, karst intensity karst parameters, the crucial karst of evaluating reservoir is calculated
Parameter；
Karstification has important control action to the hole seam development of reservoir and the heterogeneity of reservoir, utilizes karst
Parameter quantitative evaluation carbonate reservoir is always a great problem in petroleum exploration domain, mainly with vertical rate of karstification, karst
Two crucial karst parameter evaluation crack-hole type carbonate reservoirs of intensity；
(1) vertical rate of karstification: vertical rate of karstification refers to the percentage of the thickness and gross reservoir interval of karst section in individual well reservoir
Than the expression formula of vertical rate of karstification σ are as follows:
σ=Hv/Hl× 100% (1)
In formula (1): HvFor karst section thickness (m), refer to the interval overall thickness that original fracture hole rate is greater than zero；HlFor reservoir
Overall thickness (m) refers to the overall thickness of coring section；
The relative thickness scale of karst section development, reflects from a side in vertical rate of karstification σ instruction individual well longitudinal profile
The degree of strength of Carbonate Reservoirs effect；
(2) karst intensity: karst intensity refers to that individual well is averaged the product of original fracture hole rate and karst section thickness, then divided by storage
Layer overall thickness, the expression formula of karst intensity T are as follows:
T=ΦIt is original×Hv/Hl (2)
In formula (2): ΦIt is originalFor averagely original fracture hole rate (%)；HvFor karst section thickness (m), refer to that original fracture hole rate is big
In zero interval overall thickness；HlFor gross reservoir interval (m), refer to the overall thickness of coring section；
Karst intensity T is an overall target for characterizing carbonate rock corrosion power, and karst intensity not only reflects karst section
Relative thickness, and reflect karstification formed fracture hole number, than the degree of strength for more fully reflecting karstification；
The present embodiment characterizes the vertical rate of karstification σ of the area TZH ORDOVICIAN CARBONATE using formula (1), utilizes formula (2) table
The sign area TZH ORDOVICIAN CARBONATE karst intensity T, σ, T are evaluation two keys of crack-hole type carbonate reservoir
Karst parameter.
The vertical karst of the good inner group of carbonate rock of the regional 16 mouthfuls of well upper Ordovician series of TZH is calculated separately using formula (1), (2)
Rate σ and karst intensity T, see Table 5 for details.The regional 16 mouthfuls of well Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group carbon of TZH are calculated separately using formula (1), (2)
The vertical rate of karstification σ and karst intensity T of Carbonate Rocks, see Table 5 for details.
5 area TZH ORDOVICIAN CARBONATE karst parametric statistics table of table
---: indicate no rock core information
Found by Fig. 9 analysis: either vertical rate of karstification or karst intensity, good inner group of value are above hawk mountain group.
Illustrate that upper Ordovician series good inner group of karst in the area TZH is developed than Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group, and saves relatively good.
5th step, comprehensive deposition Microfacies Types, crucial fracture parameters and crucial karst parameter, utilizes " overlapping probability assessment
Method " carries out multifactor reservoir development probability assessment.
Multifactor reservoir plane is evaluated, people are usually every kind of factor to be made into single plane evaluation figure, so
Several single factor test plane evaluation figures are overlapped into a Zhang Xintu again afterwards, form the evaluation figure for being covered with various lines, referred to as
" single factor test figure folds Tu Shengxintu ", but this overlapping figure due to lines it is too many, it is not easy to interpretation, once and factor of evaluation compared with
It is more, then it is difficult to make the synthesis plane assessing zonings of reservoir according to these intensive lines；
The formation of crack-hole type carbonate reservoir and development are related with many factors, and the distribution of reservoir is this now
It is that a little factors are overlapped mutually as a result, the only advantageous block of those many factors has been only reservoir area, " overlapping probability assessment
The evaluation procedure of method " is similar with above-mentioned principle, it regards a number of factors of influence reservoir development as and is independent from each other, every kind because
The height of plain development degree indicates that every single factor test plane evaluation figure can be converted into one with probability value between 0~1
Probability value flat distribution map, finally the superposition of several single factor test probability value plan views is multiplied, and it is general to obtain a multifactor overlapping
Rate value plan view, i.e. reservoir development probability graph, probability Spring layer therein are exactly the preferable region of reservoir development, relatively, generally
Rate low value area is exactly the poor region of reservoir development, can be evaluated on figure the geologic assessment quantification of reservoir, and finally in this way
Only a kind of lines；
The present embodiment inner group good, Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group crack-hole type carbonate for the area TZH upper Ordovician series
Two embodiments of rock reservoir carry out multifactor reservoir development probability assessment using " overlapping probability assessment method ", i.e., influence are split
Seam-hole type carbonate reservoir development four key factors (sedimentary micro type, rock breakage degree, vertical karst
Rate, karst intensity) it regards as and is independent from each other, the height of every kind of factor development degree is indicated with probability value between 0~1.
Every single factor test plane evaluation figure is converted into a probability value flat distribution map.Finally four single factor test probability value plan views are folded
Multiplication is added to obtain one " multifactor overlapping probability value plan view " (as shown in Figure 10).This multifactor overlapping probability value plane
Figure is exactly " reservoir development probability graph ".
The good inner group of carbonate reservoir in the area 1.TZH develops plane probability assessment: storing up to the good inner group of carbonate rock in the area TZH
When layer single factor test plan view carries out probability quantization, using expert point rating method.It is main consider sedimentary micro type, rock breakage degree,
This four factors of vertical rate of karstification, karst intensity, their probability value value standard are shown in Table 6.
The parameter probability valuing standard scale of the good inner group of reservoir single factor test in the area 6 TZH of table
According to " overlapping probability assessment method " sedimentary micro probability plan view, rock breakage degree probability plan view, vertical rock
Molten rate probability plan view, karst intensive probable plan view overlapping are multiplied, and obtain the good inner group of carbonate rock storage of the area TZH upper Ordovician series
Layer development probability graph (as shown in figure 11).
The area 2.TZH hawk mountain group carbonate reservoir develops plane probability assessment: storing up to the area TZH hawk mountain group carbonate rock
When layer single factor test plan view carries out probability quantization, using expert point rating method.It is main consider sedimentary micro type, rock breakage degree,
Four vertical rate of karstification, karst intensity key factors, their probability value value standard are shown in Table 7.
The parameter probability valuing standard scale of 7 area TZH hawk mountain group reservoir single factor test of table
According to " overlapping probability assessment method " sedimentary micro probability plan view, rock breakage degree probability plan view, vertical rock
Molten rate probability plan view, karst intensive probable plan view overlapping are multiplied, and obtain the area TZH Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group carbonate rock
Reservoir development probability graph (as shown in figure 12).
6th step, in the case where fracture evaluation predicts plane constraint diagram, individual well evaluating reservoir achievement and reservoir development probability assessment
Achievement combines, and realizes the evaluating reservoir in plane and prediction.
Fracture evaluation predicts that plan view is same with fracture parameters for crack-hole type carbonate reservoir plane evaluation
Important, which plays plane restriction effect, and individual well evaluating reservoir achievement and reservoir development probability assessment achievement are in the constraint diagram
Lower overall merit carbonate reservoir under the verification of individual well evaluating reservoir achievement, determines I based on reservoir development probability graph
Class reservoir (good reservoir) area, II class reservoir (preferable reservoir) area, III class reservoir (medium reservoir) area, IV class reservoir (difference or non-storage
Floor) area.
The present embodiment inner group good, Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group crack-hole type carbonate for the area TZH upper Ordovician series
Two embodiments of rock reservoir carry out evaluating reservoir and prediction in plane on the basis of multifactor reservoir development probability assessment.It is macro
It is said in sight, in reservoir development probability graph (as shown in Figure 11, Figure 12), probability Spring layer is exactly the preferable region of reservoir development, phase
Over the ground, probability low value area is exactly the poor region of reservoir development.
The good inner group of carbonate reservoir plane evaluation and foreca in the area 1.TZH: in the area TZH, Fractures of Ordovician Carbonate Rocks is commented
Valence is predicted to pass through the good inner group of individual well reservoir classification and evaluation table (table 2) of the area TZH upper Ordovician series and list under plan view (Fig. 8) constraint
Under+II class reservoir thickness ratio Queue sequence of I class of well verifies jointly, by probability value >=0.7,0.5~0.7,0.3~0.5, <
Upper Ordovician series good inner group of carbonate reservoir development probability graph (Figure 11) in the area TZH is converted to reservoir plane by 0.3 4 sections
Evaluation and foreca figure (Figure 13).It is I class reservoir region, that is, the area that reservoir development is best the regional evaluation of probability value >=0.7；
Probability value is that the regional evaluation between 0.5~0.7 is II class reservoir region, i.e. the relatively good region of reservoir development；Probability value is
Regional evaluation between 0.3~0.5 is III class reservoir region, the i.e. not good enough region of reservoir development, but still has certain storage and collection performance；
The regional evaluation of probability value < 0.3 is IV class reservoir region, and reservoir development degree is worst.
Shown in the good inner group of Evaluation of Carbonate Reservoir prognostic chart (Figure 13) of the area TZH upper Ordovician series: good inner group I of the area TZH
Class reservoir be distributed mainly on h76-h52-h91-h90 mono- in the main fracture belt west side TZH with and the wellblock h60 and it northwest
Side, II class reservoir and III class reservoir mainly along the main fracture belt of TZH in NW-SE to zonal distribution, wide about 10~20km.Exist simultaneously
One band of h34-h67 well of TZH fracture belt also has II class reservoir distribution.Remaining area is substantially IV class reservoir.
The area 2.TZH hawk mountain group carbonate reservoir plane evaluation and foreca: in the area TZH, Fractures of Ordovician Carbonate Rocks is commented
Valence predicts under plan view (Fig. 8) constraint, by the area TZH Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group individual well reservoir classification and evaluation table (table 3) and
Under+II class reservoir thickness ratio Queue sequence of I class of individual well verifies jointly, by probability value >=0.5,0.3~0.5,0.1~0.3,
The area TZH Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group carbonate reservoir development probability graph (Figure 12) is converted to reservoir by 0.1 4 sections <
Plane evaluation and foreca figure (Figure 14).It is I class reservoir region the regional evaluation of probability value >=0.5, that is, reservoir development is best
Area；Probability value is that the regional evaluation between 0.3~0.5 is II class reservoir region, i.e. the relatively good region of reservoir development；Probability
Value is that the regional evaluation between 0.1~0.3 is III class reservoir region, i.e. the not good enough region of reservoir development；The region of probability value < 0.1
It is evaluated as IV class reservoir region, reservoir development is very poor, and most of is non-reservoir.
Shown in the area TZH Middle―Lower Ordovician hawk mountain group Evaluation of Carbonate Reservoir prognostic chart (Figure 14): the group of the area TZH hawk mountain
I class reservoir is distributed mainly on the wellblock h99, the wellblock h291, the wellblock h94-h89, the wellblock h40；II class reservoir is mainly distributed on TZH
Main fracture belt west side, in NW-SE to zonal distribution, and around the distribution of I class reservoir region；Remaining area is substantially the storage of III class
Layer and IV class reservoir.
Claims (3)
1. one kind evaluates crack-hole type carbonate reservoir method based on karst parametric synthesis, which is characterized in that including
Following steps:
The first step, it is special with the both macro and micro group structure of carbonate rock using drilling well, well logging, well logging, rock core and casting body flake data
Based on sign, crack-hole type carbonate reservoir conceptual schema is established, identifies crack-hole type carbonate reservoir；
Second step formulates applicable crack-hole type carbonate reservoir evaluation of classification standard, carries out semidefinite to individual well reservoir
The qualitative division of amount-and evaluation；
Crack-hole type carbonate reservoir Single Well Evaluation according to the division of individual well sedimentary micro, reservoir properties, well log interpretation at
Fruit, well logging oil/gas show and formation testing achievement, individual well crack and solution cavity statistics, and combine rock core Mercury injection data and the body of casting
Slice Image analysis of data establishes applicable reservoir classification and evaluation standard, to individual well reservoir carry out sxemiquantitative-it is qualitative division and
Evaluation, is specifically divided into level Four, i.e. I class reservoir, II class reservoir, III class reservoir, IV class reservoir, has respectively indicated reservoir, preferably
Reservoir, medium reservoir, difference or non-reservoir；
Third step carries out carbonate fracture evaluation and prediction, obtains the key of evaluating reservoir by palaeo-tectonic stress field analysis
Fracture parameters；
The crucial reflecting layer of crack-hole type carbonate reservoir is first selected, ancient structure is carried out to it using finite element method
Stress field simulation analysis is made, the tectonic setting of Evaluation of Carbonate Reservoir and the basis of fracture evaluation prediction are obtained；Based on rock mass
Strength theory carries out fracture evaluation prediction, using Mohr-coulomb criterion as the foundation for judging rock rupture, according to
Mohr strength theory calculates fracture parameters, comprehensive paleotectonic stress field sunykatuib analysis result and Rockmass fractures feature distribution parameter,
Carry out the evaluation and foreca of crucial reflecting layer carbonate fracture；
4th step characterizes two vertical rate of karstification, karst intensity karst parameters, and the crucial karst ginseng of evaluating reservoir is calculated
Number；
(1) vertical rate of karstification: vertical rate of karstification refers to the percentage of the thickness and gross reservoir interval of karst section in individual well reservoir, hangs down
To the expression formula of rate of karstification σ are as follows:
σ=Hv/Hl× 100% (1)
In formula (1): HvFor karst section thickness (m), refer to the interval overall thickness that original fracture hole rate is greater than zero；HlFor reservoir total thickness
It spends (m), refers to the overall thickness of coring section；
The relative thickness scale of karst section development in vertical rate of karstification σ instruction individual well longitudinal profile, reflects carbonic acid from a side
The degree of strength of rock salt reservoir karstification；
(2) karst intensity: karst intensity refers to that individual well is averaged the product of original fracture hole rate and karst section thickness, then total divided by reservoir
Thickness, the expression formula of karst intensity T are as follows:
T=ΦIt is original×Hv/Hl (2)
In formula (2): ΦIt is originalFor averagely original fracture hole rate (%)；HvFor karst section thickness (m), refer to that original fracture hole rate is greater than zero
Interval overall thickness；HlFor gross reservoir interval (m), refer to the overall thickness of coring section；
Karst intensity T is an overall target for characterizing carbonate rock corrosion power, and karst intensity not only reflects the phase of karst section
To thickness, and reflect the fracture hole that karstification is formed number, than the degree of strength for more fully reflecting karstification；
5th step, comprehensive deposition Microfacies Types, crucial fracture parameters and crucial karst parameter, utilize " overlapping probability assessment method " into
The multifactor reservoir development probability assessment of row；
6th step, in the case where fracture evaluation predicts plane constraint diagram, individual well evaluating reservoir achievement and reservoir development probability assessment achievement
In conjunction with evaluating reservoir and prediction in realization plane.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on karst parametric synthesis evaluation crack-hole type carbonate reservoir side
Method, it is characterised in that: " overlapping probability assessment method " belongs to quantification reservoir evaluation methods in the 5th step, i.e., influence is split
Seam-sedimentary micro type of hole type carbonate reservoir development, fracture parameters, four vertical rate of karstification, karst intensity keys
Sexual factor, which is regarded as, to be independent from each other, and the height of every kind of factor development degree is indicated with probability value between 0~1, every list
Factor plane evaluation figure is all converted into a probability value flat distribution map, and finally several single factor test probability value plan views are superimposed
It is multiplied and obtains a multifactor overlapping probability value plan view, i.e. reservoir development probability graph, probability Spring layer therein is exactly to store up
The preferable region of layer development, relatively, probability low value area is exactly the poor region of reservoir development, the geologic assessment of reservoir can be determined
Quantization, and finally evaluate and there was only a kind of lines on figure.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of based on karst parametric synthesis evaluation crack-hole type carbonate reservoir side
Method, it is characterised in that: the 6th step is based on reservoir development probability graph, in the case where fracture evaluation predicts plane constraint diagram, leads to
Cross individual well reservoir classification and evaluation table and individual well+II class reservoir thickness ratio Queue sequence of I class verify jointly under, consider karst hair
Degree is educated, the probability value section of I class reservoir region, II class reservoir region, III class reservoir region, IV class reservoir region is determined respectively, is stored up
Layer plane evaluation and foreca figure describes all kinds of reservoir region positions according to the figure, completes crack-hole type carbonate reservoir
Evaluation and prediction in the plane.
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