CN111832962B - Establishment method of oilfield exploration reserve quality rapid evaluation chart - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for establishing a rapid evaluation chart of oilfield exploration reserve quality, which comprises the following steps: a, collecting data of the viscosity of stratum crude oil, the permeability of a reservoir and the reserve scale of the reserve unit to be evaluated; b, establishing a rectangular graph, wherein the viscosity of the crude oil in the stratum is taken as an abscissa, and the permeability of the reservoir is taken as an ordinate; c, setting the abscissa axis and the ordinate axis in the step b as logarithmic coordinate axes respectively to obtain logarithmic abscissa axis and logarithmic ordinate axis; d, taking different abscissa values on the logarithmic abscissa and ordinate axes to obtain an intersection graph model; and e, counting the formation crude oil viscosity, the reservoir permeability and the reservoir scale of the reservoir unit to be evaluated in the oil field to be evaluated, putting the formation crude oil viscosity, the reservoir permeability and the reservoir scale of the reservoir unit into an intersection graph model in a circular scattered point mode, and judging the reservoir quality of different plane blocks or longitudinal horizons. The method can quickly grasp the quality characteristics of the oilfield ascertained reserve unit, and has great practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for establishing a rapid evaluation chart of oilfield exploration reserve quality, and belongs to the technical field of oilfield reserve quality evaluation.
Background
The reserve is the basis of oilfield development, the quality of the reserve is directly related to the difficulty level and development effect of oilfield development, and the high-quality reserve is easy to develop, otherwise, the reserve is difficult to develop. Detailed reserve quality evaluation research relates to aspects of oilfield development, including a plurality of geological reservoir key factors. Various types of evaluation parameters related to reserve quality are up to tens of items: construction characteristic parameters (trap scale, hydrocarbon area, fracture scale, reservoir amplitude, etc.), reservoir characteristic parameters (effective thickness, porosity, permeability, interval frequency, etc.), reservoir characteristic parameters (hydrocarbon saturation, volume coefficient, formation crude oil viscosity, oil column height, etc.), reservoir quality parameters (reservoir scale, reservoir abundance, reservoir concentration, reservoir overlap, gas cap index, water body multiple, hydrocarbon transition zone index, oil-water transition zone index, etc.).
In the early stage of oil field development, the common well point data is less, the well spacing is large, and the oil reservoir knowledge often has larger uncertainty. In a limited research period, in order to avoid development risks to the greatest extent, ensure that a development scheme has enough flexibility and risk coping performance, screen parameters with the closest relation with oil reservoir characteristics, simply, intuitively and effectively classify the quality of the ascertained reserves, realize the scale and distribution of the high-quality reserves and serve as a material foundation for the development scheme foundation well pattern deployment. For this reason, there is a need to develop a tool template for ascertaining the rapid evaluation of reserve quality, which provides an effective tool for developing reserve quality studies for new fields at a pre-development stage, with reference to the classification limits of a large number of developed, mature fields.
Aiming at the method for rapidly evaluating the quality of reserves, a great deal of research work is done by each national large oil-gas field and college scientific research institute so as to ensure the authenticity and rationality of the judgment result, but the technical method is generally complicated and complicated, and has no great progress in the aspects of application universality and tool flexibility.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the outstanding problems, the invention provides a method for establishing a rapid evaluation chart for the quality of the ascertained reserves in an oil field, which can rapidly complete the classification of the ascertained reserves quality and the realization of the high-quality reserves characteristics in the early stage of the development of the oil field.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for establishing the oilfield ascertained reserve quality rapid evaluation chart comprises the following steps:
a, collecting data of the viscosity of stratum crude oil, the permeability of a reservoir and the reserve scale of the reserve unit to be evaluated;
b, establishing a rectangular graph, wherein the viscosity of the crude oil of the stratum is taken as an abscissa, and the permeability of the reservoir is taken as an ordinate;
c, setting the abscissa axis and the ordinate axis in the step b as logarithmic coordinate axes respectively to obtain logarithmic abscissa axis and logarithmic ordinate axis;
d, taking different abscissa values on the logarithmic abscissa and ordinate values, and setting different auxiliary line marks to obtain an intersection graph model;
and e, counting the formation crude oil viscosity, the reservoir permeability and the unit ascertained reserve scale of the ascertained reserve unit in the oil field to be evaluated in the step a, taking the formation crude oil viscosity, the reservoir permeability and the unit ascertained reserve scale as parameters reflecting ascertained reserve quality, throwing the parameters into the intersection graph model in the form of circular scattered points, and judging reserve quality of different plane blocks or longitudinal horizons.
Preferably, the step c includes the following specific steps:
the abscissa axis is set as the logarithmic axis, the minimum is set as 1, the maximum is set as 20000, the ordinate axis is set as the logarithmic axis, the minimum is set as 0.01, and the maximum is set as 20000.
Preferably, the step d of establishing the method includes the following specific steps:
marking positions of the formation crude oil viscosity of 50, 350 on the abscissa axis, marking positions of the reservoir permeability of 10, 50 and 500 on the ordinate axis, respectively making auxiliary thickened solid lines parallel to the ordinate axis and the abscissa axis at the positions of the formation crude oil viscosity of 350 and the reservoir permeability of 10, respectively making auxiliary dashed lines parallel to the ordinate axis and the abscissa axis at the positions of the formation crude oil viscosity of 50 and the reservoir permeability of 50; different marks are set on the abscissa axis and the ordinate axis.
Preferably, the step d further includes the following specific steps:
d1 Four rectangular graphs with the same length and width are created in Excel, wherein the abscissa axis of the first graph is set to be a logarithmic scale axis with 10 reference, reverse order scale and 10000 main units, and the coordinate value crossing the ordinate axis is 1; the ordinate axis is set as a logarithmic scale axis with a reference of 10 and a main unit of 1000, and the coordinate value crossing the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d2 The abscissa axis of the second drawing is set to be a logarithmic scale axis of 10 as a reference, 50 as a main unit, and the coordinate value crossing the ordinate axis is 1; the ordinate axis is set as a logarithmic scale axis with a reference of 50 and a main unit of 5000, and the coordinate value crossing the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d3 The abscissa axis of the third drawing is set to be a logarithmic scale axis of 10 as a reference, 50 as a main unit, and the coordinate value crossing the ordinate axis is 1; the ordinate axis is set as a logarithmic scale axis with a reference of 50 and a main unit of 1000, and the coordinate value crossing the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d4 The abscissa axis of the fourth drawing is set to be a logarithmic scale axis of which reference is 10, the reverse order scale, and the main unit is 350, and the coordinate value intersecting the ordinate axis is 1; the ordinate axis is set as a logarithmic scale axis with a reference of 50 and a main unit of 50000, and a coordinate value intersecting with the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d5 And d) centering and overlapping the four graphs in the steps d 1) to d 4) in Excel to obtain an intersection graph model.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention is based on researching the reserve quality of the oilfield reserve-ascertaining unit, systematically considers the quality parameters such as the viscosity of the formation crude oil, the permeability of the reservoir, the reserve scale of the reserve-ascertaining unit and the like which affect the oilfield development, establishes a rectangular graph reflecting the three quality parameters to classify and evaluate the oilfield reserve-ascertaining unit, takes the viscosity of the formation crude oil and the permeability of the reservoir as main control parameters, takes the reserve scale of the reserve-ascertaining unit as secondary control parameters, has simple and visual pattern, can carry out quick classification and evaluation on the reserve-ascertaining unit with various qualities, and can further guide the development scheme of the oilfield reserve-ascertaining unit;
2. the rectangular graph established by the invention divides the reserve quality into a plurality of intervals through the viscosity of stratum crude oil and the permeability of a reservoir, a ascertained reserve unit with the permeability of the reservoir being more than 50mD and the viscosity of the stratum crude oil being less than 50mPa.s belongs to a medium-high permeability and conventional crude oil reserve unit with optimal quality, and if a unit with larger oilfield reserve scale is mainly positioned in the interval, the oilfield development difficulty is smaller; the ascertained reservoir units with reservoir permeability greater than 50mD and formation crude oil viscosity greater than 350mpa.s belong to the lowest quality hypotonic, extra thick crude oil reservoir units, and if the unit with larger oilfield reservoir size is mainly located in this interval, oilfield development difficulty is greater. The ascertained reserve units located in other intervals belong to an intermediate type of quality. The plate built by the invention is convenient for oilfield developers to use in combination with actual conditions, can quickly master the quality characteristics of oilfield ascertained reserves units, has great practicability and applicability, and can be widely applied to the field of oilfield development geology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a classification chart of the invention in which only the viscosity of crude oil in a stratum and the permeability of a reservoir are considered in creating a cross-plot model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a classification chart of an oilfield considering only the viscosity of crude oil in a formation and the permeability of a reservoir in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a classification chart of an oilfield in this embodiment of the invention, taking into account formation crude oil viscosity, reservoir permeability, and the scale of the ascertained units of reserves.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
The viscosity of the crude oil in the stratum is a parameter reflecting the flow difficulty of the crude oil under the condition of the temperature and pressure of an oil reservoir, and the larger the value is, the poorer the flowability of the crude oil is, and the better the conversely is, the parameter can be used as a reserve quality parameter reflecting the flowability of the crude oil. Reservoir permeability is a parameter reflecting the ability of a reservoir to allow fluid to pass through under a pressure differential, the greater the value the better the reservoir's ability to conduct fluid and conversely the worse the parameter can be taken as a reservoir quality parameter reflecting the reservoir's ability to permeate. The reservoir ascertaining unit is generally a single reservoir in an oil field, and is a calculating unit for calculating the reservoir ascertaining in the oil field, and each reservoir is provided with a fluid (oil, gas and water) interface and a pressure system which are mutually independent. An oilfield often consists of a plurality of reserve units for ascertaining, the reserve scale of each unit is the basis of oilfield development, and on the premise that the technology is feasible and has commercial value, the larger the reserve scale of the reserve units is, the more concentrated the spatial distribution is, the better the oilfield development benefit is, and conversely, the worse the reserve scale of the reserve units is, and the parameter can be used as a reserve quality parameter for reflecting the oilfield reserve scale and distribution condition. The three reserve quality parameters can basically reflect the characteristics of the reservoir, the fluid, the reserve and the like of the oil field, so that the comprehensive application is favorable for quickly judging the condition of the reserve quality of the oil field.
Oil field development often involves longitudinal multi-layer system oil reservoirs, and shallow layer system oil reservoirs are characterized by larger formation crude oil viscosity and larger reservoir permeability due to weaker diagenesis, and deep layer oil reservoirs are characterized by smaller formation crude oil viscosity and smaller reservoir permeability due to stronger diagenesis. The variation range of the formation crude oil viscosity value of the deep and shallow oil reservoir is larger, the minimum variation range can be smaller than 50mPa.s, the maximum variation range can exceed 10000 Pa.s, the variation range of the reservoir permeability is larger, the minimum variation range can be smaller than 5mD, and the maximum variation range can exceed 1000mD, and in order to avoid that scattered points on a rectangular graph are distributed too intensively to be unfavorable for analyzing the difference of reserve quality, logarithmic coordinates are needed to be adopted for an abscissa axis and an ordinate.
In the invention, a ascertained reservoir unit with reservoir permeability greater than 50mD and stratum crude oil viscosity less than 50mPa.s belongs to a medium-high permeability and conventional crude oil reservoir unit with optimal quality, and if a unit with larger oilfield reservoir scale is mainly positioned in the interval, oilfield development difficulty is lower; the ascertained reservoir units with reservoir permeability greater than 50mD and formation crude oil viscosity greater than 350mpa.s belong to the lowest quality hypotonic, extra thick crude oil reservoir units, and if the unit with larger oilfield reservoir size is mainly located in this interval, oilfield development difficulty is greater. The ascertained reserve units located in other intervals belong to an intermediate type of quality.
The method for establishing the oilfield ascertained reserve quality rapid evaluation chart according to the embodiment comprises the following steps:
a, collecting data of the viscosity of stratum crude oil, the permeability of a reservoir and the reserve scale of the reserve unit to be evaluated;
b, establishing a rectangular graph, wherein the viscosity of the crude oil in the stratum is taken as an abscissa, and the permeability of the reservoir is taken as an ordinate;
c setting the abscissa axis as the logarithmic axis, the minimum value as 1, the maximum value as 20000, the ordinate axis as the logarithmic axis, the minimum value as 0.01, and the maximum value as 20000;
d, taking different abscissa values on the logarithmic abscissa and ordinate values, and setting different auxiliary line marks to obtain an intersection graph model;
and e, counting the formation crude oil viscosity, the reservoir permeability and the unit ascertained reserve scale of the ascertained reserve units in the oil field to be evaluated in the step a, taking the formation crude oil viscosity, the reservoir permeability and the unit ascertained reserve scale as parameters reflecting ascertained reserve quality, putting the parameters into an intersection graph model in the form of circular scattered points, setting the area of each circular scattered point as the reserve scale of each ascertained reserve unit, and judging the reserve quality of different plane blocks or longitudinal horizons.
In this embodiment, preferably, the step d includes the following specific steps:
marking positions with formation crude oil viscosity of 50 and 350 on an abscissa axis, marking positions with reservoir permeability of 10, 50 and 500 on an ordinate axis, respectively making auxiliary bold solid lines parallel to the ordinate axis and the abscissa axis at the positions with formation crude oil viscosity of 350 and reservoir permeability of 10, respectively making auxiliary dashed lines parallel to the ordinate axis and the abscissa axis at the positions with formation crude oil viscosity of 50 and reservoir permeability of 50; different marks are set on the abscissa axis and the ordinate axis, and a cross map model is obtained.
In this embodiment, preferably, the step d further includes the following specific steps:
d1 Four rectangular graphs with the same length and width are created in Excel, wherein the abscissa axis of the first graph is set to be a logarithmic scale axis with a reference of 10, an inverted scale and a main unit of 10000, and the coordinate value crossing the ordinate axis is 1; the ordinate axis is set as a logarithmic scale axis with a reference of 10 and a main unit of 1000, and the coordinate value intersecting with the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d2 The abscissa axis of the second drawing is set to be the logarithmic scale axis with the reference of 10, the reverse order scale, the main unit of 50, and the coordinate value crossing the ordinate axis is 1; the ordinate axis is set as a logarithmic scale axis with a reference of 50 and a main unit of 5000, and the coordinate value intersecting with the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d3 The abscissa axis of the third drawing is set to be the logarithmic scale axis with the reference of 10, the reverse order scale, the main unit of 50, and the coordinate value crossing the ordinate axis is 1; the ordinate axis is set as a logarithmic scale axis with a reference of 50 and a main unit of 1000, and the coordinate value intersecting with the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d4 The abscissa axis of the fourth drawing is set to be the logarithmic scale axis of which reference is 10, the reverse order scale is 350, and the coordinate value intersecting with the ordinate axis is 1; the ordinate axis is set as a logarithmic scale axis with a reference of 50 and a main unit of 50000, and the coordinate value intersecting with the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d5 Centering and overlapping the four graphs in the steps d 1) to d 4) in Excel to obtain a cross graph model.
In this example, the abscissa axis is named "viscosity", the ordinate axis is named "permeability", the unit is mD, a legend is set according to the classification of the input scattered points, and a scale for ascertaining the reserve scale is drawn according to the size of the input scattered points.
The oilfield ascertained reserves quality rapid evaluation chart manufactured by the oilfield ascertained reserves quality rapid evaluation chart establishment method of the present invention is described in detail below by means of specific examples, taking an oilfield ascertained reserves unit as an example:
the A oil field is located in the Bohai sea area, is a large-sized sandstone oil field with a plurality of oil-containing layers, and the ascertained reserve unit is mainly located in a recent system liberal pottery group, an ancient system eastern camp group and a sand river street group, and comprises an east block and a west block which contain oil on the plane, wherein the east block only develops the recent system liberal pottery group ascertained reserve unit, and the west block develops the recent system liberal pottery group, the ancient system eastern camp group and the sand river street group. The method for rapidly evaluating the quality of the ascertained reserves of the oil field by adopting the method comprises the following steps of:
a, collecting data of the viscosity of stratum crude oil, the permeability of a reservoir and the reserve scale of the reserve unit to be evaluated A;
b, establishing a rectangular graph in Excel, wherein the abscissa axis of the rectangular graph is the viscosity of the crude oil of the stratum, and the ordinate axis of the rectangular graph is the permeability of the reservoir;
c as shown in fig. 1, the abscissa axis is set to the logarithmic coordinate, the minimum value is set to 1, the maximum value is set to 20000, the ordinate axis is set to the logarithmic coordinate, the minimum value is set to 0.01, and the maximum value is set to 20000;
d, creating 4 rectangular graphs with the same length and width in Excel, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
d1 The abscissa axis of the first drawing is set to be the logarithmic scale axis of 10 as a reference, the inverse order scale, the main unit being 10000, the coordinate value intersecting with the ordinate axis is 1, the ordinate axis is set to be the logarithmic scale axis of 10 as a reference, the main unit being 1000, and the coordinate value intersecting with the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d2 The abscissa axis of the second drawing is set to be the logarithmic scale axis of 10 in reference, 50 in the main unit, the coordinate value intersecting with the ordinate axis is 1, the ordinate axis is set to be the logarithmic scale axis of 50 in reference, 5000 in the main unit, and the coordinate value intersecting with the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d3 The abscissa axis of the third drawing is set to be the logarithmic scale axis of 10 in reference, 50 in the main unit, the coordinate value intersecting with the ordinate axis is 1, the ordinate axis is set to be the logarithmic scale axis of 50 in reference, 1000 in the main unit, and the coordinate value intersecting with the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d4 The abscissa axis of the fourth drawing is set to the logarithmic scale axis of reference 10, the reverse order scale, the main unit is 350, the coordinate value intersecting with the ordinate axis is 1, the ordinate axis is set to the logarithmic scale axis of reference 50, the main unit is 50000, the coordinate value intersecting with the abscissa axis is 0.01,
d5 Centering and overlapping the four graphs in the steps d 1) to d 4) in Excel to obtain an intersection graph model;
an auxiliary bold solid line parallel to the ordinate axis and parallel to the abscissa axis is respectively formed at a position where the viscosity of the crude oil of the stratum is 350 and the permeability of the reservoir is 10, and an auxiliary dotted line parallel to the ordinate axis and parallel to the abscissa axis is formed at a position where the viscosity of the crude oil of the stratum is 50 and the permeability of the reservoir is 50;
e) As shown in fig. 2, the formation crude oil viscosity and reservoir permeability of the a oilfield to be evaluated to ascertain the reservoir cells are counted in Excel, according to the A oilfield western block set, east camp set and sand river street set which are a series, the A oilfield western block set, east camp set and sand river street set are put into a rectangular graph in a round scattered point mode, and different frames and filling combination patterns are used for distinguishing. Graphic display, east block banker and east camp find that the reservoir unit stratum crude oil viscosity is 50 to 350mPa.s, the reservoir permeability is greater than 50mD, the method belongs to medium-high permeability and common thick oil find reservoir units, west block banker find that the reservoir unit stratum crude oil viscosity is greater than 2500mPa.s, the reservoir permeability is greater than 500mD, belongs to a high-permeability and extra-thick oil reservoir exploration unit, the viscosity of crude oil in stratum of the reservoir exploration unit is less than 50mPa.s, the permeability of reservoir is less than 50mD, belonging to hypotonic and conventional oil exploration reserves unit.
As shown in fig. 3, the scale of the ascertained reserves of the a-field in Excel is counted, the type of the rectangular graph is set as a "bubble graph", the area of each circular scattered point is set as the scale of each ascertained reserve of the a-field, and the scaling is set to 50% according to the aesthetic degree requirement of the graphic display. The graphic display shows that the detected reserve units with larger reserve scale are mainly located in the west block banker group, the east block banker group and the east camp group, and finally the sand river street group, so that the three parameters are comprehensively judged, the detected reserve quality of the A oil field can be divided into three types, the detected reserve units with the optimal reserve quality are mainly located in the east block banker group and the east camp group, and the detected reserve unit with the worst reserve quality is located in the sand river street group.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for establishing the oilfield reserve quality rapid evaluation chart is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a, collecting data of the viscosity of stratum crude oil, the permeability of a reservoir and the reserve scale of the reserve unit to be evaluated;
b, establishing a rectangular graph, wherein the viscosity of the crude oil of the stratum is taken as an abscissa, and the permeability of the reservoir is taken as an ordinate;
c, setting the abscissa axis and the ordinate axis in the step b as logarithmic coordinate axes respectively to obtain logarithmic abscissa axis and logarithmic ordinate axis;
d, taking different abscissa values on the logarithmic abscissa and ordinate values, and setting different auxiliary line marks to obtain an intersection graph model;
and e, counting the formation crude oil viscosity, the reservoir permeability and the reserve scale of the reserve unit to be detected in the oil field to be evaluated in the step a, taking the formation crude oil viscosity, the reservoir permeability and the reserve scale of the reserve unit to be detected as parameters reflecting the reserve quality to be detected, throwing the parameters into the intersection graph model in the form of circular scattered points, and judging the reserve quality of different plane blocks or longitudinal horizons.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step c comprises the specific steps of:
the abscissa axis is set as the logarithmic axis, the minimum is set as 1, the maximum is set as 20000, the ordinate axis is set as the logarithmic axis, the minimum is set as 0.01, and the maximum is set as 20000.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said step d comprises the specific steps of:
marking positions of the formation crude oil viscosity of 50, 350 on the abscissa axis, marking positions of the reservoir permeability of 10, 50 and 500 on the ordinate axis, respectively making auxiliary solid lines parallel to the ordinate axis and the abscissa axis at the positions of the formation crude oil viscosity of 350 and the reservoir permeability of 10, respectively making auxiliary dashed lines parallel to the ordinate axis and the abscissa axis at the positions of the formation crude oil viscosity of 50 and the reservoir permeability of 50; different marks are set on the abscissa axis and the ordinate axis.
4. A method of establishing as defined in claim 3, wherein said step d further comprises the specific steps of:
d1 Four rectangular graphs with the same length and width are created in Excel, wherein the abscissa axis of the first graph is set to be a logarithmic scale axis with 10 reference, reverse order scale and 10000 main units, and the coordinate value crossing the ordinate axis is 1; the ordinate axis is set as a logarithmic scale axis with a reference of 10 and a main unit of 1000, and the coordinate value crossing the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d2 The abscissa axis of the second drawing is set to be a logarithmic scale axis of 10 as a reference, 50 as a main unit, and the coordinate value crossing the ordinate axis is 1; the ordinate axis is set as a logarithmic scale axis with a reference of 50 and a main unit of 5000, and the coordinate value crossing the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d3 The abscissa axis of the third drawing is set to be a logarithmic scale axis of 10 as a reference, 50 as a main unit, and the coordinate value crossing the ordinate axis is 1; the ordinate axis is set as a logarithmic scale axis with a reference of 50 and a main unit of 1000, and the coordinate value crossing the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d4 The abscissa axis of the fourth drawing is set to be a logarithmic scale axis of which reference is 10, the reverse order scale, and the main unit is 350, and the coordinate value intersecting the ordinate axis is 1; the ordinate axis is set as a logarithmic scale axis with a reference of 50 and a main unit of 50000, and a coordinate value intersecting with the abscissa axis is 0.01;
d5 And d) centering and overlapping the four graphs in the steps d 1) to d 4) in Excel to obtain an intersection graph model.
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