CN112942232A - Water tank and method for testing habitat suitability of channel engineering fish shelter - Google Patents
Water tank and method for testing habitat suitability of channel engineering fish shelter Download PDFInfo
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- CN112942232A CN112942232A CN202110133831.6A CN202110133831A CN112942232A CN 112942232 A CN112942232 A CN 112942232A CN 202110133831 A CN202110133831 A CN 202110133831A CN 112942232 A CN112942232 A CN 112942232A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/006—Arresting, diverting or chasing away fish in water-courses or water intake ducts, seas or lakes, e.g. fish barrages, deterrent devices ; Devices for cleaning fish barriers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
- E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
A water tank and a method for testing the habitat suitability of a channel engineering fish shelter comprise a testing water tank, a lifting mechanism, a flow making device and a wave absorbing device, wherein the flow making device and the wave absorbing device are respectively arranged at two ends of the testing water tank, the lifting mechanism positioned outside the testing water tank is used for opening and closing or installing a first fish blocking door and a second fish blocking door, the flow making device and the wave absorbing device are mutually communicated to form a loop, stable water flows to one end of the wave absorbing device through the flow making device, the water flows back to the flow making device after waves of a flowing water body are resolved through the wave absorbing device, and a test fish is positioned in the testing water tank and blocked by the first fish blocking door and the second fish blocking door, and lives in a testing area. The invention solves the problems that no fish suitability and accurate preference data exist when the fish shelter environment of the original channel engineering is built. The device has the characteristics of simple structure, simple and convenient operation, capability of observing the living law of the fishes and determining a suitable living environment according to the preference, and providing basic data and guidance for the shelter construction of the fishes in the channel engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish ethology, and relates to a water tank and a method for testing the suitability of a shelter habitat of channel engineering fishes.
Background
Waterway transportation is an important component of the strategy of the strong country of China, and the construction of waterway projects such as waterway construction, dredging, renovation and the like is a necessary guarantee for maintaining smooth waterway transportation. However, in the construction process of each channel project, suspended matters, shock waves, underwater vibration, noise and the like caused by the construction operations such as blasting, sand digging, piling and the like can obviously influence the normal activities and even the survival rates of aquatic organisms such as fishes and the like in corresponding water areas. Therefore, the method is a powerful measure which can give consideration to both engineering construction and aquatic organism protection by selecting a proper water area without shadow near the river section of the engineering construction of the navigation channel to build aquatic organism shelters such as fishes. However, certain blindness and subjectivity exist in the current fish shelter building process, and the built fish shelter cannot meet the habitat demand of target organisms to a great extent, so that not only are manpower and material resources wasted, but also the original purpose of biological protection is difficult to realize. Therefore, research and development of an experimental device for testing the habitat suitability of the channel engineering fish shelter are urgently needed, and the suitability and the preference of the fish for construction of various habitats can be accurately tested, so that theoretical guidance is provided for construction of the channel engineering fish shelter which is more suitable in the future, and basic data is provided for construction of eco-friendly channel engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a water tank and a method for testing the suitability of the habitat of the ship engineering fish shelter, wherein the water tank is simple in structure, a flow making device and a wave absorbing device are respectively arranged at two ends of the testing water tank, a lifting mechanism positioned outside the testing water tank is used for opening and closing or installing a first fish blocking door and a second fish blocking door, the flow making device and the wave absorbing device are mutually communicated to form a loop, stable water flows to one end of the wave absorbing device by the flow making device, the wave absorbing device absorbs ripples of a flowing water body and then flows back to the flow making device, a test fish is positioned in the testing water tank and is blocked by the first fish blocking door and the second fish blocking door, the test fish lives in a testing area, the life law and preference of the fish are observed to determine a suitable living environment, basic data and guidance are provided for the ship engineering fish shelter construction, and the operation is simple and convenient.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a water tank for testing the habitat suitability of a channel engineering fish shelter comprises a testing water tank, a lifting mechanism, a flow making device and a wave absorbing device; the supporting arm of the lifting mechanism is positioned on one side outside the test water tank, the lifting rope is connected with a first fish blocking door in the test water tank, and the flow making device and the wave absorbing device are respectively positioned in groove bodies at two ends of the test water tank; a starting area is arranged in the test water tank between the first fish blocking door and the flow making device, a wave absorption area is arranged in the test water tank between the wave absorption device and the second fish blocking door, and the test area is located between the first fish blocking door and the second fish blocking door.
The test water tank is a tank body with an opening at the upper side, and a plurality of outward convex habitat tanks and test water tank communication are arranged in the test area.
The plurality of habitat grooves are positioned on two sides of the test water tank and are symmetrical with each other.
The first fish blocking door and the second fish blocking door are mesh plates, lifting rings are arranged on the upper sides of the mesh plates, lifting ropes are connected with the lifting rings, and the first fish blocking door and the second fish blocking door are in sliding fit with sliding grooves in the inner wall of the test water tank respectively.
And water flow in the test water tank flows from the starting area to the test area, and forms slow flow at the communication position of the test water tank and the habitat tank.
The lifting mechanism comprises a rotating arm in rotating fit with the supporting arm, a pulley connected with the rotating arm, and a lifting rope matched with the pulley.
The supporting arm is located between the first fish blocking door and the second fish blocking door, and the rotating arm rotates to the upper portion of the first fish blocking door or the upper portion of the second fish blocking door towards one side.
And two ends of the flow generating device are fixed on the inner wall of the test water tank to generate flowing water with stable flow rate.
The wave absorption device is a slope type wave absorption device and is used for absorbing water waves.
The method for testing the suitability of the water tank for testing the habitat of the channel engineering fish shelter comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a test water tank, and communicating a water inlet of the flow making device with a water outlet of the wave absorbing device; at the moment, the first fish blocking door and the second fish blocking door are positioned outside the test water tank;
s2, installing a lifting mechanism, fixing a supporting arm of the lifting mechanism outside the test water tank, wherein the distance between the supporting arm and the first fish blocking door is equal to that between the supporting arm and the second fish blocking door;
s3, installing a first fish blocking door, connecting one end of a lifting rope with a lifting ring on the first fish blocking door, pulling the other end of the lifting rope to lift the first fish blocking door, and stopping pulling the lifting rope when the ground clearance of the first fish blocking door is higher than the notch of the test water tank; pushing or pulling the rotating arm to rotate, enabling the first fish blocking door to be located right above the test water tank, slowly releasing the lifting rope, and enabling two sides of the first fish blocking door to be matched with a sliding groove in the test water tank until the first fish blocking door is contacted with the bottom of the test water tank;
s4, the connection between the lifting rope and the first fish blocking door is released, and the rotating arm is pushed or pulled to rotate to the position above the second fish blocking door; installing a second fish blocking door according to S3;
s5, laying habitat, namely respectively laying fine sand, float grass and gravel in the habitat grooves, or laying a mixture of the fine sand, the float grass and the gravel in the habitat grooves in a mutually mixed manner;
s6, injecting water for flow making, injecting water into the test water tank, and stopping injecting water when the water level reaches two thirds of the depth of the test water tank; after the water in the water tank to be tested is level and stable, starting the flow making device and the wave absorbing device in sequence, wherein the flow making device makes water flow with stable flow speed and flows to one end of the wave absorbing device; the wave absorbing device counteracts the water flow and then reflows to the flow making device again;
s7, placing the tested fish into a starting area for testing, opening a first fish blocking door after the tested fish is adaptive to water temperature, communicating the starting area with a testing area, enabling the tested fish to enter the testing area from the starting area, and closing the first fish blocking door after all the tested fish enter the testing area; at the moment, the second fish blocking door is in a closed state;
and S8, observing and recording the fish activities in the test water tank body, the habitat tanks and the connection part of the test water tank and the habitat tank, respectively, observing in a short term or in a medium or long term, recording, and determining the suitable living environment of the fish.
A water tank for testing the habitat suitability of a channel engineering fish shelter comprises a testing water tank, a lifting mechanism, a flow making device and a wave absorbing device; the supporting arm of the lifting mechanism is positioned on one side outside the test water tank, the lifting rope is connected with a first fish blocking door in the test water tank, and the flow making device and the wave absorbing device are respectively positioned in groove bodies at two ends of the test water tank; a starting area is arranged in the test water tank between the first fish blocking door and the flow making device, a wave absorption area is arranged in the test water tank between the wave absorption device and the second fish blocking door, and the test area is located between the first fish blocking door and the second fish blocking door. Simple structure, through set up respectively at test basin both ends and make a class device and wave absorption device, the hoist mechanism that is located outside the test basin is used for the switching or installs first fish door and the second of blocking and blocks the fish door, it forms the return circuit to make class device and wave absorption device intercommunication each other, it flows to wave absorption device one end to make stable rivers through making class device, it flows back to making class device to clear up the back to the ripple of flowing water through the wave absorption device, experimental fish is located the test basin and is blocked the fish door separation by first fish door and second, live in the test area, survey fish law of life and preference and confirm suitable living environment, shelter the construction for channel engineering fish and provide basic data and guide, easy operation is convenient.
In the preferred scheme, the test water tank is a tank body with an opening at the upper side, and a plurality of outward-convex habitat tanks are arranged in the test area and communicated with the test water tank. Simple structure, during the use, build imitative ecological fish environment at the habitat inslot, after fish entered into the test district from the test basin, reentrant rather than the habitat inslot that communicates.
In a preferred scheme, the plurality of habitat grooves are positioned on two sides of the test water tank and are symmetrical to each other. Simple structure, during the use, the habitat groove that is located the mutual symmetry of test basin both sides lays different bionical attitude fish environment, and bionical attitude fish environment difference is less, is favorable to the suitable living environment of more careful differentiation fish, still is favorable to observing the life difference under the fish cocurrent or the adverse current in step.
In the preferred scheme, the first fish blocking door and the second fish blocking door are mesh plates, lifting rings are arranged on the upper sides of the mesh plates, lifting ropes are connected with the lifting rings, and the first fish blocking door and the second fish blocking door are respectively in sliding fit with sliding grooves in the inner wall of the test water tank. The structure is simple, when in use, the first fish blocking door and the second fish blocking door adopt mesh plates, and meshes of the mesh plates prevent fishes and sundries from passing through; during installation or experiment, adopt hoist mechanism to block fish door and second respectively in proper order and realize promoting the installation or switching with first blocking fish door, during the installation, first blocking fish door and second block fish door are located the spout of test basin inner wall concave yield, and it is difficult for the jamming to promote.
In a preferred scheme, the water flow in the test water tank flows from the starting area to the test area, and a slow flow is formed at the communication position of the test water tank and the habitat tank. Simple structure, during the use, to the outer convex habitat groove of test basin and test basin intercommunication, when rivers process, test basin and habitat groove intercommunication department form and slowly flow, provide the living environment of fish in slowly flowing.
In a preferred scheme, the lifting mechanism comprises a rotating arm in rotating fit with the supporting arm, a pulley connected with the rotating arm, and a lifting rope matched with the pulley. Simple structure, during the use, lifting rope one end is connected with the rings on the first fish blocking door, and the pulling force of exerting the lifting rope other end risees first fish blocking door, and release lifting rope reduces the height of first fish blocking door, and is laborsaving during the installation switching.
In a preferred scheme, the supporting arm is positioned between the first fish blocking door and the second fish blocking door, and the rotating arm rotates to one side to the upper part of the first fish blocking door or the second fish blocking door. Simple structure, during the use, be located first fish blocking door and the second and block the support arm between the fish door, when the swinging boom rotates to both sides respectively, the swinging boom all can turn to first fish blocking door and second and block fish door upper portion, realizes that same hoist mechanism all can operate first fish blocking door and second and block the fish door and promote and open, and the adaptability is good, and is with low costs.
In a preferred scheme, both ends of the flow generating device are fixed on the inner wall of the test water tank, and flowing water with stable flow rate is generated. Simple structure, during the use, the steady flow velocity simulation channel velocity of flow device is made makes rivers tend to the actual velocity of flow of channel, is favorable to improving the authenticity of test.
In a preferred scheme, the wave absorbing device is a slope type wave absorbing device and is used for absorbing water waves. Simple structure, during the use, make the rivers flow direction wave damper that the stream device caused, dispel the back through the wave damper and enter into once more and make a stream device, form the circulation flow, it is energy-conserving.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for testing the suitability of a water tank for use in testing the habitat of a channel-engineered fish shelter as described above comprises the steps of:
s1, mounting a test water tank, and communicating a water inlet of the flow making device with a water outlet of the wave absorbing device; at the moment, the first fish blocking door and the second fish blocking door are positioned outside the test water tank;
s2, installing a lifting mechanism, fixing a supporting arm of the lifting mechanism outside the test water tank, wherein the distance between the supporting arm and the first fish blocking door is equal to that between the supporting arm and the second fish blocking door;
s3, installing a first fish blocking door, connecting one end of a lifting rope with a lifting ring on the first fish blocking door, pulling the other end of the lifting rope to lift the first fish blocking door, and stopping pulling the lifting rope when the ground clearance of the first fish blocking door is higher than the notch of the test water tank; pushing or pulling the rotating arm to rotate, enabling the first fish blocking door to be located right above the test water tank, slowly releasing the lifting rope, and enabling two sides of the first fish blocking door to be matched with a sliding groove in the test water tank until the first fish blocking door is contacted with the bottom of the test water tank;
s4, the connection between the lifting rope and the first fish blocking door is released, and the rotating arm is pushed or pulled to rotate to the position above the second fish blocking door; installing a second fish blocking door according to S3;
s5, laying habitat, namely respectively laying fine sand, float grass and gravel in the habitat grooves, or laying a mixture of the fine sand, the float grass and the gravel in the habitat grooves in a mutually mixed manner;
s6, injecting water for flow making, injecting water into the test water tank, and stopping injecting water when the water level reaches two thirds of the depth of the test water tank; after the water in the water tank to be tested is level and stable, starting the flow making device and the wave absorbing device in sequence, wherein the flow making device makes water flow with stable flow speed and flows to one end of the wave absorbing device; the wave absorbing device counteracts the water flow and then reflows to the flow making device again;
s7, placing the tested fish into a starting area for testing, opening a first fish blocking door after the tested fish is adaptive to water temperature, communicating the starting area with a testing area, enabling the tested fish to enter the testing area from the starting area, and closing the first fish blocking door after all the tested fish enter the testing area; at the moment, the second fish blocking door is in a closed state;
and S8, observing and recording the fish activities in the test water tank body, the habitat tanks and the connection part of the test water tank and the habitat tank, respectively, observing in a short term or in a medium or long term, recording, and determining the suitable living environment of the fish. The method is simple and convenient to operate, and is favorable for simulating the fish living environment by approaching the actual environment of the channel, the fishes live in different habitat troughs for preventing the fish ecological environment, and the living environment suitable for the fishes is determined by observation, so that basic data of the construction of the sheltering environment of the channel engineering fishes are provided.
A water tank and a method for testing the habitat suitability of a channel engineering fish shelter comprise a testing water tank, a lifting mechanism, a flow making device and a wave absorbing device, wherein the flow making device and the wave absorbing device are respectively arranged at two ends of the testing water tank, the lifting mechanism positioned outside the testing water tank is used for opening and closing or installing a first fish blocking door and a second fish blocking door, the flow making device and the wave absorbing device are mutually communicated to form a loop, stable water flows to one end of the wave absorbing device through the flow making device, the water flows back to the flow making device after waves of a flowing water body are resolved through the wave absorbing device, and a test fish is positioned in the testing water tank and blocked by the first fish blocking door and the second fish blocking door, and lives in a testing area. The invention solves the problems that no fish suitability and accurate preference data exist when the fish shelter environment of the original channel engineering is built. The device has the characteristics of simple structure, simple and convenient operation, capability of observing the living law of the fishes and determining a suitable living environment according to the preference, and providing basic data and guidance for the shelter construction of the fishes in the channel engineering.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a test sink of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a test water tank 1, a first fish blocking door 13, a second fish blocking door 14, a test area 11, a habitat groove 12, a starting area 15, a wave-absorbing area 16, a lifting mechanism 2, a supporting arm 21, a rotating arm 22, a pulley 23, a lifting rope 24, a flow-making device 3 and a wave-absorbing device 4.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-2, a water tank for testing the suitability of a habitat of a fish shelter in channel engineering comprises a test water tank 1, a lifting mechanism 2, a flow-making device 3 and a wave-absorbing device 4; the supporting arm 21 of the lifting mechanism 2 is positioned at one side outside the test water tank 1, the lifting rope 24 is connected with the first fish blocking door 13 in the test water tank 1, and the flow making device 3 and the wave absorbing device 4 are respectively positioned in the tank bodies at two ends of the test water tank 1; a starting area 15 is arranged in the test water tank 1 between the first fish blocking door 13 and the flow making device 3, a wave absorbing area 16 is arranged in the test water tank 1 between the wave absorbing device 4 and the second fish blocking door 14, and the test area 11 is positioned between the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14. Simple structure, through set up respectively at test basin 1 both ends and make a class device 3 and wave absorbing device 4, hoist mechanism 2 that is located outside test basin 1 is used for the switching or installs first fish door 13 and the second of blocking and blocks fish door 14, it forms the return circuit to make class device 3 and wave absorbing device 4 intercommunication each other, it flows to wave absorbing device 4 one end to make stable rivers to flow through making class device 3, it flows back to making class device 3 to flow the ripple of water body after clearing up through wave absorbing device 4, experimental fish is located test basin 1 and is blocked fish door 14 separation by first fish door 13 and the second of blocking, live in test area 11, survey fish law of life and preference and confirm suitable living environment, shelter the construction for channel engineering fish and provide basic data and guide, and easy operation is convenient.
In the preferred scheme, the test water tank 1 is a tank body with an opening at the upper side, and a plurality of outward-convex habitat grooves 12 are arranged in the test area 11 and communicated with the test water tank 1. Simple structure, during the use, builds imitative ecological fish environment in habitat groove 12, and after fish entered into test district 11 from test basin 1, reentrant habitat groove 12 rather than the intercommunication.
Preferably, fine sand, aquatic weeds and gravels are mainly distributed in the habitat 12, or a mixture of the fine sand, the aquatic weeds and the gravels forms a bionic fish environment.
In a preferred scheme, a plurality of the habitat grooves 12 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the test water tank 1. Simple structure, during the use, be located the habitat groove 12 of the mutual symmetry in test water tank 1 both sides and lay different bionical attitude fish environment, and bionical attitude fish environment difference is less, is favorable to more careful living environment that the differentiation fish is suitable, still is favorable to observing the life difference under the fish cocurrent or the adverse current in step.
In an optimal scheme, the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 are mesh plates, lifting rings are arranged on the upper sides of the mesh plates, lifting ropes 24 are connected with the lifting rings, and the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 are respectively in sliding fit with sliding grooves in the inner wall of the test water tank 1. The structure is simple, when in use, the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 adopt mesh plates, and meshes of the mesh plates prevent fishes and sundries from passing through; during installation or experiment, the lifting mechanism 2 is adopted to realize lifting installation or opening and closing with the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 respectively in sequence, during installation, the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 are positioned in the sliding grooves recessed in the inner wall of the test water tank 1, and the fish blocking mechanism is stable and not easy to block during lifting.
In a preferred embodiment, the water flow in the test water tank 1 flows from the start area 15 to the test area 11, and forms a slow flow at a communication position between the test water tank 1 and the habitat 12. Simple structure, during the use, to test the outer convex habitat groove 12 of basin 1 and test basin 1 intercommunication, when rivers process, test basin 1 forms the unhurried current with habitat groove 12 intercommunication department, provides the living environment of fish in the unhurried current.
In a preferred embodiment, the lifting mechanism 2 includes a rotating arm 22 rotatably engaged with the supporting arm 21, a pulley 23 connected to the rotating arm 22, and a lifting rope 24 engaged with the pulley 23. Simple structure, during the use, one end of lifting rope 24 is connected with the rings on first fish blocking door 13, and the pulling force of applying the lifting rope 24 other end risees first fish blocking door 13, and release lifting rope 24 reduces the height of first fish blocking door 13, and the installation is laborsaving during the switching.
In a preferred scheme, the supporting arm 21 is positioned between the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14, and the rotating arm 22 rotates to one side to the upper part of the first fish blocking door 13 or the second fish blocking door 14. Simple structure, during the use, be located first fish door 13 and the second support arm 21 that blocks between fish door 14, when the swinging boom 22 rotates to both sides respectively, swinging boom 22 all can turn to first fish door 13 and the second and block fish door 14 upper portion, realizes that same hoist mechanism 2 all can operate first fish door 13 and the second and block fish door 14 and promote and open, and the adaptability is good, and is with low costs.
Preferably, the rotating seat at one end of the rotating arm 22 is in rotating fit with the supporting arm 21, a pulling rope is connected to the rotating arm 22 at the end far away from the rotating seat, and the rotating arm 22 is pulled to rotate by the pulling rope.
In a preferred scheme, two ends of the flow generating device 3 are fixed on the inner wall of the test water tank 1 to generate flowing water with stable flow rate. Simple structure, during the use, the steady flow velocity simulation channel velocity of flow device 3 makes rivers tend to the actual velocity of flow of channel, is favorable to improving the authenticity of test.
In a preferred scheme, the wave absorbing device 4 is a slope type wave absorbing device for absorbing water waves. Simple structure, during the use, make the rivers flow direction that the device 3 caused and to remove ripples device 4, dispel the back through removing ripples device 4 and enter into once more and make a device 3, form the circulation flow, it is energy-conserving.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for testing the suitability of the water tank for testing the habitat of the channel-engineered fish shelter as described above comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a test water tank, and communicating a water inlet of the flow making device 3 with a water outlet of the wave absorbing device 4; at this time, the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 are positioned outside the test flume 1;
s2, installing a lifting mechanism, fixing the supporting arm 21 of the lifting mechanism 2 outside the test water tank 1, wherein the distance between the supporting arm 21 and the first fish blocking door 13 is equal to that between the supporting arm 21 and the second fish blocking door 14;
s3, installing a first fish blocking door, connecting one end of the lifting rope 24 with a hanging ring on the first fish blocking door 13, pulling the other end of the lifting rope 24 to lift the first fish blocking door 13, and stopping pulling the lifting rope 24 when the ground clearance of the first fish blocking door 13 is higher than the notch of the test water tank 1; pushing or pulling the rotating arm 22 to rotate, so that the first fish blocking door 13 is positioned right above the test water tank 1, slowly releasing the lifting rope 24, and matching two sides of the first fish blocking door 13 with the sliding groove in the test water tank 1 until the first fish blocking door 13 is contacted with the bottom of the test water tank 1;
s4, the connection between the lifting rope 24 and the first fish blocking door 13 is released, and the rotating arm 22 is pushed or pulled to rotate to the position above the second fish blocking door 14; installing a second fish blocking door 14 according to S3;
s5, laying habitat, namely respectively laying fine sand, float grass and gravel in the habitat grooves 12, or laying a mixture of the fine sand, the float grass and the gravel in the habitat grooves 12 in a mutually mixed mode;
s6, injecting water for flow making, injecting water into the test water tank 1, and stopping injecting water when the water level reaches two thirds of the depth of the test water tank 1; after the water in the water tank 1 to be tested is stable, the flow making device 3 and the wave absorbing device 4 are sequentially started, the flow making device 3 makes water flow with stable flow velocity, and the water flow flows to one end of the wave absorbing device 4; the wave absorbing device 4 counteracts the water flow and then reflows to the flow making device 3 again;
s7, carrying out fish placing test, placing the test fish into the starting area 15, opening the first fish blocking door 13 after the test fish is adaptive to water temperature, communicating the starting area 15 with the test area 11, enabling the test fish to enter the test area 11 from the starting area 15, and closing the first fish blocking door 13 after all the test fish enter the test area 11; at this time, the second fish blocking door 14 is in a closed state;
and S8, observing and recording, respectively observing and recording the fish activities in the body of the test water tank 1, in each habitat tank 12 and at the connection part of the test water tank 1 and the habitat tank 12 in a short-term or medium-term manner, and determining the suitable living environment of the fish. The method is simple and convenient to operate, and is favorable for simulating the fish living environment by approaching the actual environment of the channel, the fishes live in different habitat troughs 12 for preventing the fish ecological environment, and the living environment suitable for the fishes is determined by observation, so that basic data of the construction of the sheltering environment of the channel engineering fishes are provided.
A water tank for testing the habitat suitability of a channel engineering fish shelter comprises a testing water tank 1, a lifting mechanism 2, a flow making device 3 and a wave absorbing device 4; the supporting arm 21 of the lifting mechanism 2 is positioned at one side outside the test water tank 1, the lifting rope 24 is connected with the first fish blocking door 13 in the test water tank 1, and the flow making device 3 and the wave absorbing device 4 are respectively positioned in the tank bodies at two ends of the test water tank 1; a starting area 15 is arranged in the test water tank 1 between the first fish blocking door 13 and the flow making device 3, a wave absorbing area 16 is arranged in the test water tank 1 between the wave absorbing device 4 and the second fish blocking door 14, and the test area 11 is positioned between the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14. Simple structure, through set up respectively at test basin 1 both ends and make a class device 3 and wave absorbing device 4, hoist mechanism 2 that is located outside test basin 1 is used for the switching or installs first fish door 13 and the second of blocking and blocks fish door 14, it forms the return circuit to make class device 3 and wave absorbing device 4 intercommunication each other, it flows to wave absorbing device 4 one end to make stable rivers to flow through making class device 3, it flows back to making class device 3 to flow the ripple of water body after clearing up through wave absorbing device 4, experimental fish is located test basin 1 and is blocked fish door 14 separation by first fish door 13 and the second of blocking, live in test area 11, survey fish law of life and preference and confirm suitable living environment, shelter the construction for channel engineering fish and provide basic data and guide, and easy operation is convenient.
In a preferred scheme, the test water tank 1 is a tank body with an opening at the upper side, and a plurality of outward-convex habitat grooves 12 are arranged in the test area 11 and communicated with the test water tank 1. Simple structure, during the use, builds imitative ecological fish environment in habitat groove 12, and after fish entered into test district 11 from test basin 1, reentrant habitat groove 12 rather than the intercommunication.
Preferably, fine sand, aquatic weeds and gravels are mainly distributed in the habitat 12, or a mixture of the fine sand, the aquatic weeds and the gravels forms a bionic fish environment.
In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of the habitat grooves 12 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the test water tank 1. Simple structure, during the use, be located the habitat groove 12 of the mutual symmetry in test water tank 1 both sides and lay different bionical attitude fish environment, and bionical attitude fish environment difference is less, is favorable to more careful living environment that the differentiation fish is suitable, still is favorable to observing the life difference under the fish cocurrent or the adverse current in step.
In a preferable scheme, the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 are mesh plates, lifting rings are arranged on the upper sides of the mesh plates, the lifting ropes 24 are connected with the lifting rings, and the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 are respectively in sliding fit with sliding grooves in the inner wall of the test water tank 1. The structure is simple, when in use, the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 adopt mesh plates, and meshes of the mesh plates prevent fishes and sundries from passing through; during installation or experiment, the lifting mechanism 2 is adopted to realize lifting installation or opening and closing with the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 respectively in sequence, during installation, the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 are positioned in the sliding grooves recessed in the inner wall of the test water tank 1, and the fish blocking mechanism is stable and not easy to block during lifting.
In a preferred scheme, the water flow in the test water tank 1 flows from the starting area 15 to the test area 11, and forms a slow flow at the communication part of the test water tank 1 and the habitat tank 12. Simple structure, during the use, to test the outer convex habitat groove 12 of basin 1 and test basin 1 intercommunication, when rivers process, test basin 1 forms the unhurried current with habitat groove 12 intercommunication department, provides the living environment of fish in the unhurried current.
In a preferred embodiment, the lifting mechanism 2 includes a rotating arm 22 rotatably engaged with the supporting arm 21, a pulley 23 connected to the rotating arm 22, and a lifting rope 24 engaged with the pulley 23. Simple structure, during the use, one end of lifting rope 24 is connected with the rings on first fish blocking door 13, and the pulling force of applying the lifting rope 24 other end risees first fish blocking door 13, and release lifting rope 24 reduces the height of first fish blocking door 13, and the installation is laborsaving during the switching.
In a preferred embodiment, the support arm 21 is located between the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14, and the rotating arm 22 rotates to one side to the upper part of the first fish blocking door 13 or the second fish blocking door 14. Simple structure, during the use, be located first fish door 13 and the second support arm 21 that blocks between fish door 14, when the swinging boom 22 rotates to both sides respectively, swinging boom 22 all can turn to first fish door 13 and the second and block fish door 14 upper portion, realizes that same hoist mechanism 2 all can operate first fish door 13 and the second and block fish door 14 and promote and open, and the adaptability is good, and is with low costs.
Preferably, the rotating seat at one end of the rotating arm 22 is in rotating fit with the supporting arm 21, a pulling rope is connected to the rotating arm 22 at the end far away from the rotating seat, and the rotating arm 22 is pulled to rotate by the pulling rope.
In a preferred scheme, both ends of the flow generating device 3 are fixed on the inner wall of the test water tank 1, and flowing water with stable flow rate is generated. Simple structure, during the use, the steady flow velocity simulation channel velocity of flow device 3 makes rivers tend to the actual velocity of flow of channel, is favorable to improving the authenticity of test.
In a preferred scheme, the wave absorbing device 4 is a slope type wave absorbing device for absorbing water waves. Simple structure, during the use, make the rivers flow direction that the device 3 caused and to remove ripples device 4, dispel the back through removing ripples device 4 and enter into once more and make a device 3, form the circulation flow, it is energy-conserving.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for testing the suitability of a water tank for testing the habitat of a channel-engineered fish shelter as described above comprises the steps of:
s1, mounting a test water tank, and communicating a water inlet of the flow making device 3 with a water outlet of the wave absorbing device 4; at this time, the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 are positioned outside the test flume 1;
s2, installing a lifting mechanism, fixing the supporting arm 21 of the lifting mechanism 2 outside the test water tank 1, wherein the distance between the supporting arm 21 and the first fish blocking door 13 is equal to that between the supporting arm 21 and the second fish blocking door 14;
s3, installing a first fish blocking door, connecting one end of the lifting rope 24 with a hanging ring on the first fish blocking door 13, pulling the other end of the lifting rope 24 to lift the first fish blocking door 13, and stopping pulling the lifting rope 24 when the ground clearance of the first fish blocking door 13 is higher than the notch of the test water tank 1; pushing or pulling the rotating arm 22 to rotate, so that the first fish blocking door 13 is positioned right above the test water tank 1, slowly releasing the lifting rope 24, and matching two sides of the first fish blocking door 13 with the sliding groove in the test water tank 1 until the first fish blocking door 13 is contacted with the bottom of the test water tank 1;
s4, the connection between the lifting rope 24 and the first fish blocking door 13 is released, and the rotating arm 22 is pushed or pulled to rotate to the position above the second fish blocking door 14; installing a second fish blocking door 14 according to S3;
s5, laying habitat, namely respectively laying fine sand, float grass and gravel in the habitat grooves 12, or laying a mixture of the fine sand, the float grass and the gravel in the habitat grooves 12 in a mutually mixed mode;
s6, injecting water for flow making, injecting water into the test water tank 1, and stopping injecting water when the water level reaches two thirds of the depth of the test water tank 1; after the water in the water tank 1 to be tested is stable, the flow making device 3 and the wave absorbing device 4 are sequentially started, the flow making device 3 makes water flow with stable flow velocity, and the water flow flows to one end of the wave absorbing device 4; the wave absorbing device 4 counteracts the water flow and then reflows to the flow making device 3 again;
s7, carrying out fish placing test, placing the test fish into the starting area 15, opening the first fish blocking door 13 after the test fish is adaptive to water temperature, communicating the starting area 15 with the test area 11, enabling the test fish to enter the test area 11 from the starting area 15, and closing the first fish blocking door 13 after all the test fish enter the test area 11; at this time, the second fish blocking door 14 is in a closed state;
and S8, observing and recording, respectively observing and recording the fish activities in the body of the test water tank 1, in each habitat tank 12 and at the connection part of the test water tank 1 and the habitat tank 12 in a short-term or medium-term manner, and determining the suitable living environment of the fish. The method is simple and convenient to operate, and is favorable for simulating the fish living environment by approaching the actual environment of the channel, the fishes live in different habitat troughs 12 for preventing the fish ecological environment, and the living environment suitable for the fishes is determined by observation, so that basic data of the construction of the sheltering environment of the channel engineering fishes are provided.
When the water tank and the method for testing the suitability of the habitat of the fish shelter in the channel engineering are installed and used, the flow making device 3 and the wave absorbing device 4 are respectively arranged at two ends of the testing water tank 1, the lifting mechanism 2 positioned outside the testing water tank 1 is used for opening and closing or installing the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14, the flow making device 3 and the wave absorbing device 4 are communicated with each other to form a loop, the flow making device 3 makes stable water flow to one end of the wave absorbing device 4, the wave absorbing device 4 resolves ripples of a flowing water body and then flows back to the flow making device 3, the test fish is positioned in the testing water tank 1 and is blocked by the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14, life is carried out in the testing area 11, the life law and preference of the fish are observed to determine a suitable living environment, basic data and guidance are provided for the shelter construction of the fish in the channel engineering, and the operation is simple and convenient.
When the ecological testing water tank is used, a bionic fish environment is created in the habitat tank 12, and when fish enter the testing area 11 from the testing water tank 1, the fish enter the habitat tank 12 communicated with the testing area.
When the bionic fish environment measuring device is used, different bionic fish environments are distributed in the habitat grooves 12 which are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the measuring water tank 1, the bionic fish environments are slightly different, the suitable living environments of fishes can be more carefully distinguished, and the living differences of fishes under concurrent flow or countercurrent flow can be synchronously observed.
When the fish blocking device is used, the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 adopt mesh plates, and meshes of the mesh plates prevent fishes and sundries from passing through; during installation or experiment, the lifting mechanism 2 is adopted to realize lifting installation or opening and closing with the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 respectively in sequence, during installation, the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 are positioned in the sliding grooves recessed in the inner wall of the test water tank 1, and the fish blocking mechanism is stable and not easy to block during lifting.
During the use, to the protruding habitat groove 12 and the test basin 1 intercommunication outside the test basin 1, when rivers pass through, test basin 1 forms the unhurried current with habitat groove 12 intercommunication department, provides the living environment of fish in the unhurried current.
When the fish blocking device is used, one end of the lifting rope 24 is connected with the hanging ring on the first fish blocking door 13, the pulling force of the other end of the lifting rope 24 is applied to lift the first fish blocking door 13, the lifting rope 24 is released to reduce the height of the first fish blocking door 13, and labor is saved during installation and opening and closing.
When the fish blocking device is used, the supporting arm 21 positioned between the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 rotates towards two sides respectively, the rotating arm 22 can both rotate to the upper parts of the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14, the first fish blocking door 13 and the second fish blocking door 14 can be operated to lift and open by the same lifting mechanism 2, and the fish blocking device is good in adaptability and low in cost.
When the device is used, the stable flow speed manufactured by the flow-making device 3 simulates the flow speed of a channel, so that the water flow tends to the actual flow speed of the channel, and the authenticity of the test is favorably improved.
When the device is used, water flow caused by the flow making device 3 flows to the wave absorbing device 4, is absorbed by the wave absorbing device 4 and then enters the flow making device 3 again, so that circular flow is formed, and energy is saved.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and features in the embodiments and examples in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and includes equivalents of technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A water tank for testing the suitability of a habitat of a fish shelter in channel engineering is characterized in that: the device comprises a test water tank (1), a lifting mechanism (2), a flow making device (3) and a wave absorbing device (4); the supporting arm (21) of the lifting mechanism (2) is positioned on one side outside the test water tank (1), the lifting rope (24) is connected with the first fish blocking door (13) in the test water tank (1), and the flow making device (3) and the wave absorbing device (4) are respectively positioned in the tank bodies at two ends of the test water tank (1); a starting area (15) is arranged in the test water tank (1) between the first fish blocking door (13) and the flow making device (3), a wave absorbing area (16) is arranged in the test water tank (1) between the wave absorbing device (4) and the second fish blocking door (14), and the test area (11) is located between the first fish blocking door (13) and the second fish blocking door (14).
2. The water tank for testing the suitability of a channel-engineered fish shelter for habitat according to claim 1, wherein: the test water tank (1) is a tank body with an opening at the upper side, and a plurality of outward convex habitat grooves (12) are arranged in the test area (11) and communicated with the test water tank (1).
3. The water tank for testing the suitability of a channel-engineered fish shelter for habitat according to claim 2, wherein: the plurality of habitat grooves (12) are positioned at two sides of the test water tank (1) and are mutually symmetrical.
4. The water tank for testing the suitability of a channel-engineered fish shelter for habitat according to claim 1, wherein: the first fish blocking door (13) and the second fish blocking door (14) are mesh plates, lifting rings are arranged on the upper sides of the mesh plates, lifting ropes (24) are connected with the lifting rings, and the first fish blocking door (13) and the second fish blocking door (14) are respectively in sliding fit with sliding grooves in the inner wall of the test water tank (1).
5. The water tank for testing the suitability of a channel-engineered fish shelter for habitat according to claim 1, wherein: the water flow in the test water tank (1) flows from the starting area (15) to the test area (11), and forms slow flow at the communication position of the test water tank (1) and the habitat groove (12).
6. The water tank for testing the suitability of a channel-engineered fish shelter for habitat according to claim 1, wherein: the lifting mechanism (2) comprises a rotating arm (22) which is in running fit with the supporting arm (21), a pulley (23) which is connected with the rotating arm (22), and a lifting rope (24) which is matched with the pulley (23).
7. The water tank for testing the suitability of a channel-engineered fish shelter for habitat according to claim 1, wherein: the supporting arm (21) is positioned between the first fish blocking door (13) and the second fish blocking door (14), and the rotating arm (22) rotates to the upper part of the first fish blocking door (13) or the second fish blocking door (14) towards one side.
8. The water tank for testing the suitability of a channel-engineered fish shelter for habitat according to claim 1, wherein: and two ends of the flow generating device (3) are fixed on the inner wall of the test water tank (1) to generate flowing water with stable flow rate.
9. The water tank for testing the suitability of a channel-engineered fish shelter for habitat according to claim 1, wherein: the wave absorbing device (4) is a slope type wave absorbing device and is used for absorbing water waves.
10. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
s1, mounting a test water tank, and communicating a water inlet of the flow making device (3) with a water outlet of the wave absorbing device (4); at the moment, the first fish blocking door (13) and the second fish blocking door (14) are positioned outside the test water tank (1);
s2, installing a lifting mechanism, fixing a supporting arm (21) of the lifting mechanism (2) outside the test water tank (1), wherein the distance between the supporting arm (21) and the first fish blocking door (13) is equal to that between the supporting arm and the second fish blocking door (14);
s3, installing a first fish blocking door, connecting one end of a lifting rope (24) with a hanging ring on the first fish blocking door (13), pulling the other end of the lifting rope (24) to lift the first fish blocking door (13), and stopping pulling the lifting rope (24) when the ground clearance of the first fish blocking door (13) is higher than the notch of the test water tank (1); pushing or pulling the rotating arm (22) to rotate, so that the first fish blocking door (13) is positioned right above the test water tank (1), slowly releasing the lifting rope (24), matching two sides of the first fish blocking door (13) with a sliding groove in the test water tank (1) until the first fish blocking door (13) is contacted with the bottom of the test water tank (1);
s4, the connection between the lifting rope (24) and the first fish blocking door (13) is released, and the rotating arm (22) is pushed or pulled to rotate to the position above the second fish blocking door (14); installing a second fish blocking door (14) according to S3;
s5, laying habitat, namely respectively laying fine sand, float grass and gravel in the habitat grooves (12), or laying a mixture of the fine sand, the float grass and the gravel in the habitat grooves (12) in a mutually mixed manner;
s6, injecting water for flow making, injecting water into the test water tank (1), and stopping injecting water when the water level reaches two thirds of the depth of the test water tank (1); after the water in the water tank (1) to be tested is stable, the flow generating device (3) and the wave absorbing device (4) are started in sequence, the flow generating device (3) generates water flow with stable flow speed, and the water flow flows to one end of the wave absorbing device (4); the wave absorbing device (4) counteracts the water flow and then reflows to the flow making device (3) again;
s7, carrying out fish placing test, placing test fishes into a starting area (15), opening a first fish blocking door (13) after the test fishes adapt to water temperature, communicating the starting area (15) with a test area (11), enabling the test fishes to enter the test area (11) from the starting area (15), and closing the first fish blocking door (13) after all the test fishes enter the test area (11); at the moment, the second fish blocking door (14) is in a closed state;
and S8, observing and recording the fish activities in the test water tank (1), the habitat grooves (12) and the connection part of the test water tank (1) and the habitat grooves (12) in a short-term or medium-term manner, recording the observed and recorded fish activities, and determining the suitable living environment of the fish.
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