CN112941545A - Control method for hydrogen production by double closed-loop electrolysis method - Google Patents
Control method for hydrogen production by double closed-loop electrolysis method Download PDFInfo
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- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
The invention discloses a control method for hydrogen preparation by a double closed-loop electrolysis method, and relates to a method for preparing hydrogen. The method for controlling the hydrogen production by the double closed-loop electrolysis method can realize accurate pressure control and continuous production of high-purity hydrogen in the electrolytic cell in the preparation process. The control method for hydrogen production by the double closed-loop electrolysis method comprises the following steps: a proton semi-permeable membrane is arranged between the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell; starting an electrolysis power supply to carry out electrolysis; collecting pressure parameters of a first pressure sensor and a differential pressure sensor by using a cathode automatic controller to control a back pressure valve; collecting pressure parameters of a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor and a differential pressure sensor by using an anode automatic controller to control an exhaust pneumatic valve; after the controller controls the valves to act, the changes of the pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor are transmitted to the anode automatic controller again, the pressure deviation is corrected, and the pressure values in the two electrolytic cells are controlled to be consistent with the preset value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen preparation, in particular to a control method for preparing hydrogen by a double closed-loop electrolysis method.
Background
The hydrogen can provide energy for fuel cells, reducing gas for the metallurgical industry, hydrogenation raw material gas for the chemical industry such as petroleum and the like, cooling agent for thermal power plants and the like, and the hydrogen is widely used as the raw material gas in the semiconductor industry, the solar industry and the LED industry.
Most of the hydrogen used at present is directly purchased high-pressure compressed gas, is transported and stored by a long-tube trailer or a packaging grid, has the gas pressure of 30MPa (about 300 atmospheric pressures) in the transportation process, and is conveyed to process equipment for use after decompression.
The main sources of hydrogen are divided into three main processes, namely cracking, electrolysis and biological processes.
At present, the electrolytic method for producing hydrogen is divided into two methods, namely a method for producing hydrogen by direct electrolysis of water and a method for producing caustic soda by electrolysis of sodium chloride. The former method is to electrolyze high purity water to generate hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used directly after hydrogen purification and oxygen purification. The latter method electrolyzes the high-purity sodium chloride solution to obtain hydrogen and chlorine, and high-purity caustic soda can be obtained during electrolysis, and the hydrogen and chlorine can be directly used after purification. The electrolysis method can be used for obtaining high-purity gas, the purity of the gas can reach 99.9999%, the purification process is simple, and the on-site gas production can be realized and can be used at any time. However, the electrolysis method has disadvantages in on-site gas production, for example, the problems of how to accurately control the pressure of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell, how to perform continuous production of the high-purity hydrogen gas production device, and the like are all problems which need to be solved urgently in the gas production process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a control method for preparing hydrogen by a double closed-loop electrolysis method, which can realize accurate pressure control and continuous production of high-purity hydrogen in an electrolytic cell in the preparation process.
The invention discloses a control method for hydrogen production by a double closed-loop electrolysis method, which comprises the following steps:
s10, dividing the hydrogen electrolytic cell into a cathode electrolytic cell and an anode electrolytic cell, and arranging a proton semi-permeable membrane allowing hydrogen ions to pass between the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell;
s20, arranging a cathode electrode and an anode electrode in the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell respectively, and connecting the cathode electrode and the anode electrode with the negative electrode and the positive electrode of an electrolytic power supply respectively;
s30, a cathode exhaust pipeline and an anode exhaust pipeline are respectively arranged at the upper parts of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell, a first pressure sensor is arranged on the cathode exhaust pipeline, a second pressure sensor is arranged on the anode exhaust pipeline, a differential pressure sensor is arranged between the cathode exhaust pipeline and the anode exhaust pipeline, a back pressure valve is arranged at the tail end of the cathode exhaust pipeline, and an exhaust pneumatic valve is arranged at the tail end of the anode exhaust pipeline;
s40, arranging a cathode automatic controller and an anode automatic controller outside the hydrogen electrolytic cell, wherein the cathode automatic controller is electrically connected with a first pressure sensor and a differential pressure sensor, and the anode automatic controller is electrically connected with the first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor;
s50, starting an electrolysis power supply to electrolyze the electrolyte in the hydrogen electrolytic cell;
s60, collecting pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor by using the cathode automatic controller to control the opening of the backpressure valve, so as to control the pressure value in the cathode electrolytic cell to be consistent with a preset value; collecting pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor by using an anode automatic controller to control the opening degree of the exhaust pneumatic valve, so that the pressure value in the anode electrolytic cell is controlled to be consistent with a preset value;
s70, after the controller controls the above valves to act, the changes of the pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor are transmitted to the anode automatic controller again, and the pressure deviation caused by the above valve actions is corrected;
s80, circulating the steps S60 and S70, and keeping the control pressure values of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell constant.
The invention relates to a control method for hydrogen production by a double closed-loop electrolysis method, wherein an oxygen supplementing pipeline is arranged on an anode electrolytic cell, one end of the oxygen supplementing pipeline is connected with an oxygen source, the other end of the oxygen supplementing pipeline is connected with the anode electrolytic cell, and an air supplementing pneumatic valve is arranged on the oxygen supplementing pipeline.
The invention relates to a control method for hydrogen production by a double closed-loop electrolysis method, wherein a cathode electrolytic cell and an anode electrolytic cell are respectively connected with a cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank and an anode electrolysis liquid storage tank, constant-temperature cathode electrolyte is filled in the cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank, and constant-temperature anode electrolyte is filled in the anode electrolysis liquid storage tank.
The invention relates to a control method for hydrogen production by a double closed-loop electrolysis method, wherein a cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank is connected with a cathode electrolysis cell through two pipelines, and a cathode liquid feeding pump is arranged on the pipeline positioned at the lower part of the cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank; the anode electrolysis liquid storage tank is connected with the anode electrolysis cell through two pipelines, and an anode liquid feeding pump is arranged on the pipeline at the lower part of the anode electrolysis liquid storage tank.
The invention discloses a control method for hydrogen production by a double closed-loop electrolysis method, wherein a cathode coil is arranged in a cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank and is connected with a cathode electrolyte cooler, an anode coil is arranged in an anode electrolysis liquid storage tank and is connected with an anode electrolyte cooler.
The invention relates to a control method for hydrogen production by a double closed-loop electrolysis method, wherein the thickness of a proton semipermeable membrane is 0.1-0.3 mm, and the pressure resistance is 5 kPa.
The invention discloses a control method for hydrogen production by a double closed-loop electrolysis method, wherein electrolysis parameters in a cathode automatic controller and an anode automatic controller are uniformly set by an upper computer.
The invention relates to a control method for hydrogen production by a double closed-loop electrolysis method, wherein a first supporting net and a second supporting net are respectively arranged on two sides of a proton semipermeable membrane.
The invention discloses a control method for hydrogen production by a double closed-loop electrolysis method, wherein a cathode electrolyte stirring device and an anode electrolyte stirring device are respectively arranged at the bottoms of a cathode electrolysis cell and an anode electrolysis cell.
The invention relates to a control method for hydrogen production by a double closed-loop electrolysis method, wherein an exhaust pneumatic valve and a back pressure valve are electromagnetic proportional valves.
Compared with the prior art, the control method for hydrogen production by the double closed-loop electrolysis method is different in that the control method for hydrogen production by the double closed-loop electrolysis method has the following technical effects:
1. the internal circulation and the mixing disturbance of the catholyte or the anolyte are realized, the respective constant temperature control of the catholyte or the anolyte and the elimination of concentration gradient are ensured, the stable technological condition of the electrolysis process can be ensured, and the condition is created for the control of the electrolysis hydrogen production system.
2. According to the invention, an oxygen supplementing pipeline of the anode electrolytic cell is designed according to the difference of the gas production rates of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell, and the oxygen supplementing pipeline is used for supplementing oxygen to regulate the pressure of the anode electrolytic cell to be the same as that of the cathode electrolytic cell by taking the cathode electrolytic cell as a standard, so that the proton semipermeable membrane is ensured not to be damaged in the working process. The co-production of high-purity hydrogen and high-purity oxygen can be realized.
3. The invention designs a double closed-loop pressure control system comprising a cathode automatic pressure controller, an anode pressure automatic controller, a cathode electrolytic cell pressure sensor, an anode electrolytic cell pressure sensor, a cathode electrolytic cell and anode electrolytic cell pressure difference sensor, an oxygen gas supply pneumatic valve and an oxygen discharge electromagnetic proportional valve, regulates the pressure stability and the pressure value of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell to be equal, regulates the valve action again according to the feedback values of the cathode electrolytic cell pressure sensor, the anode electrolytic cell pressure sensor and the cathode electrolytic cell and anode electrolytic cell pressure difference sensor after pressure control, ensures that the anode electrolytic cell pressure value and the cathode electrolytic cell pressure value are the same, and ensures that a proton semipermeable membrane is not damaged in the working process. The double closed-loop pressure control system can respectively and automatically control the pressure of the cathode electrolytic cell and the pressure of the anode electrolytic cell, can control the pressure value of the anode electrolytic cell to actively draw close to and approach the pressure value of the cathode electrolytic cell, simplifies the pressure control difficulty of the electrolytic cell and improves the pressure control reliability.
4. The cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell both adopt the electromagnetic proportional valve as a gas discharge valve, so that the discharge speed of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell can be ensured to be adjustable, and the overpressure discharge and residual pressure release of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell can be realized by fully opening the electromagnetic proportional valve.
5. The invention realizes the constant-temperature and constant-pressure electrolysis of hydrogen and oxygen by the hydrogen electrolytic cell, and creates favorable conditions for the continuous production of hydrogen preparation by electrolysis.
The control method for hydrogen production by the double closed-loop electrolysis method of the invention is further explained with reference to the attached drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the working principle of the control method for hydrogen production by the double closed-loop electrolysis method of the present invention;
the notation in the figures means: 1-a catholyte; 2-a cathode electrode; 3-a cathode electrolytic cell; 4-double O-rings; 5-eighth manual valve; 6-a first support net; 7-a proton-permeable membrane; 8-a second support net; 9-an electrolysis power supply; 10-a first pressure sensor; 11-differential pressure sensor; 12-back pressure valve; 13-cathode automatic controller; 14-anode automatic controller; 15-an upper computer; 16-a second pressure sensor; 17-an exhaust pneumatic valve; 18-needle valves; 19-air supply pneumatic valve; 20-a seventh manual valve; 21-an anodic electrolytic cell; 22-ninth manual valve; 23-a hydrogen electrolysis cell; 24-an anode electrode; 25-an anolyte; 26-a sixth manual valve; 27-constant temperature anolyte; 28-anodic electrolysis liquid storage tank; 29-cold machine for anolyte; 30-an anode coil; 31-anode liquid feeding pump; 32-a fourth manual valve; 33-anode drain valve; 34-a fifth manual valve; 35-anolyte stirring means; 36-catholyte stirring device; 37-a second manual valve; 38-cathode drain valve; 39-a first manual valve; 40-a cathode feed pump; 41-a third manual valve; 42-refrigerator for catholyte; 43-a cathode coil; 44-constant temperature catholyte; 45-cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in figure 1, the control method for hydrogen production by the double closed-loop electrolysis method comprises the following steps:
s10, dividing the hydrogen electrolytic cell 23 into a cathode electrolytic cell 3 and an anode electrolytic cell 21, arranging a proton semi-permeable membrane 7 allowing hydrogen ions to pass between the cathode electrolytic cell 3 and the anode electrolytic cell 21, and filling the cathode electrolytic cell 3 and the anode electrolytic cell 21 with a cathode electrolyte 1 and an anode electrolyte 25 respectively;
s20, arranging a cathode electrode 2 and an anode electrode 24 in the cathode electrolytic cell 3 and the anode electrolytic cell 21 respectively, and connecting the cathode electrode 2 and the anode electrode 24 with the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the electrolysis power supply 9 respectively;
s30, respectively arranging a cathode exhaust pipeline and an anode exhaust pipeline on the upper parts of the cathode electrolytic cell 3 and the anode electrolytic cell 21, arranging a first pressure sensor 10 on the cathode exhaust pipeline, arranging a second pressure sensor 16 on the anode exhaust pipeline, arranging a differential pressure sensor 11 between the cathode exhaust pipeline and the anode exhaust pipeline, arranging a back pressure valve 12 at the tail section of the cathode exhaust pipeline, and arranging an exhaust pneumatic valve 17 at the tail section of the anode exhaust pipeline;
s40, arranging a cathode automatic controller 13 and an anode automatic controller 14 outside the hydrogen electrolytic cell, wherein the cathode automatic controller 13 is electrically connected with a first pressure sensor 10 and a differential pressure sensor 11, and the anode automatic controller 14 is electrically connected with the first pressure sensor 10, a second pressure sensor 16 and the differential pressure sensor 11;
s50, starting the electrolysis power supply 9 to electrolyze the electrolyte in the hydrogen electrolytic cell 23;
s60, the cathode automatic controller 13 collects the pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor 10 and the differential pressure sensor 11 to control the opening of the backpressure valve 12, thereby controlling the pressure value in the cathode electrolytic cell 3 to be consistent with the preset value; the anode automatic controller 14 collects the pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor 10, the second pressure sensor 16 and the differential pressure sensor 11 to control the opening degree of the exhaust pneumatic valve 17, so as to control the pressure value in the anode electrolytic cell 21 to be consistent with a preset value;
s70, after the controller controls the above valve actions, the changes of the pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor 10, the second pressure sensor 16 and the differential pressure sensor 11 are transmitted to the anode automatic controller 14 again, and the pressure deviation caused by the above valve actions is corrected;
s80, circulating the steps S60 and S70, and keeping the control pressure values of the cathode electrolytic cell 3 and the anode electrolytic cell 21 constant.
Wherein, the cathode electrolytic cell 3 and the anode electrolytic cell 21 are also respectively connected with a cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank 45 and an anode electrolysis liquid storage tank 28. Constant-temperature catholyte 44 is filled in the cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank 45, a cathode coil 43 is arranged in the cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank 45, and the cathode coil 43 is connected with the catholyte cooler 42, so that the constant-temperature catholyte 44 in the cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank 45 keeps constant temperature, and the optimal electrolysis process temperature is provided for producing hydrogen by electrolysis.
The cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank 45 is connected with the cathode electrolysis cell 3 through two pipelines, wherein a cathode liquid feeding pump 40, a first manual valve 39 and a second manual valve 37 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline positioned at the lower part of the cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank 45; a third manual valve 41 is arranged on the pipeline arranged at the upper part of the cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank 45. The constant-temperature catholyte 44 sequentially enters the cathode electrolytic cell 3 through the cathode liquid feeding pump 40, the first manual valve 39 and the second manual valve 37, and is mixed with the catholyte 1 contained in the cathode electrolytic cell 3, a part of the mixed catholyte 1 flows back to the catholyte storage tank 45 through a pipeline and the third manual valve 41, so that the circulation of the catholyte 1 and the constant-temperature catholyte 44 is realized, the catholyte 1 consumed by electrolysis is supplemented, the concentration gradient and the temperature gradient generated in the catholyte 1 are eliminated, and the circularly flowing electrolyte is also beneficial to the quick separation of hydrogen bubbles generated in the cathode electrode 2.
The bottom of the cathode electrolytic cell 3 is provided with a catholyte stirring device 36, and the catholyte stirring device 36 also has the function of eliminating the concentration gradient and the temperature gradient of the catholyte 1, so that the generated hydrogen bubbles can be rapidly separated from the cathode electrode 2. A catholyte drain valve 38 is provided in the branch between the first manual valve 39 and the second manual valve 37 to allow draining of the catholyte 1 in the catholyte cell 3 during maintenance.
The anode electrolysis liquid storage tank 28 is connected with the anode electrolysis cell 27 through two pipelines, wherein an anode liquid feeding pump 31, a fourth manual valve 32 and a fifth manual valve 34 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline positioned at the lower part of the anode electrolysis liquid storage tank 28; a sixth manual valve 26 is arranged on the pipeline arranged at the upper part of the anode electrolysis liquid storage tank 28. The constant-temperature anolyte 25 sequentially enters the anolyte tank 27 through the anolyte feeding pump 31, the fourth manual valve 32 and the fifth manual valve 34, is mixed with the anolyte 25 contained in the anolyte tank 27, and a part of the mixed anolyte 25 flows back to the anolyte storage tank 28 through the pipeline and the sixth manual valve 26, so that the circulation of the anolyte 25 and the constant-temperature anolyte 25 is realized, the anolyte 25 consumed by electrolysis is supplemented, the concentration gradient and the temperature gradient generated in the anolyte 25 are eliminated, and the circularly flowing electrolyte is also favorable for quickly separating oxygen bubbles generated at the anode electrode 24.
The bottom of the anolyte tank 21 is provided with an anolyte stirring device 35, and the anolyte stirring device 35 also has the function of eliminating the concentration gradient and the temperature gradient of the anolyte 25, so that the generated oxygen bubbles can be separated from the anode electrode 24 quickly. An anode drain valve 33 is provided in the branch between the fourth manual valve 32 and the fifth manual valve 34, and the anolyte 25 in the anode electrolytic cell 21 can be drained during maintenance.
The sealing device of the hydrogen electrolytic cell 23 adopts the structure of the double O-shaped ring 4 for sealing, so that the gas is ensured not to leak.
After the electrolysis power supply 9 is switched on, the anolyte 25 is electrolyzed near the electrolysis anode 24 to generate oxygen and hydrogen ions, the oxygen is gathered at the top of the anode electrolytic cell 21 by buoyancy and then is discharged out of the anode electrolytic cell 21 through an anode exhaust pipeline. The anode exhaust line is provided with a seventh manual valve 20 and an exhaust pneumatic valve 17.
The chemical equation at the electrolytic anode 25 is as follows:
2H2O→O2+4e-+4H+
the proton semi-permeable membrane 7 is arranged between the cathode electrolytic cell 3 and the anode electrolytic cell 21, the thickness of the proton semi-permeable membrane 7 is between 0.1mm and 0.3mm, the pressure resistance is 5kPa, and the proton semi-permeable membrane 7 is used for dividing the cathode electrolytic cell 3 and the anode electrolytic cell 21. The proton-permeable membrane 7 allows only hydrogen ions to pass through, but is impermeable to other ions. A first support net 6 and a second support net 8 are respectively arranged on both sides of the proton semipermeable membrane 7 to reinforce the strength of the proton semipermeable membrane 7. Under the action of the electric field, the hydrogen ions penetrate through the proton semi-permeable membrane 7 and enter the cathode electrolytic cell 3. The hydrogen ions are reduced to hydrogen on the cathode electrode 2, the hydrogen is gathered to the top of the cathode electrolytic cell 3 under the action of buoyancy and then discharged out of the cathode electrolytic cell 3 through a cathode exhaust pipeline, and an eighth manual valve 5 and a backpressure valve 12 are arranged on the cathode exhaust pipeline.
The chemical equation at the electrolytic cathode 2 is as follows:
4H++4e-→2H2
from the two electrochemical equations above, it can be seen that the volume of hydrogen produced in the cathode cell 3 and the volume of oxygen produced in the anode cell 21 are different under the same current conditions, and the volume of hydrogen produced is twice as large as the volume of oxygen. The pressure of the cathode cell 3 is greater than that of the anode cell 21 at the same gas discharge line diameter and pressure resistance, causing pressure fluctuations. Pressure fluctuation can cause the compression, the bulging and the movement of the proton semipermeable membrane 7 back and forth, easily causes the damage and the air leakage of the proton semipermeable membrane 7, and the hydrogen and the oxygen are mixed to easily cause explosion accidents.
A differential pressure sensor 11 is arranged between the cathode exhaust pipeline and the anode exhaust pipeline, one end of the differential pressure sensor 11 is connected to a branch between the eighth manual valve 5 and the backpressure valve 12, and the other end of the differential pressure sensor 11 is connected to a branch between the seventh manual valve 20 and the exhaust pneumatic valve 17. The differential pressure sensor 11 can detect and maintain the pressure difference between the cathode electrolytic cell 3 and the anode electrolytic cell 21 in real time.
The anode exhaust pipeline is provided with a second pressure sensor 16, the opening of the exhaust pneumatic valve 17 can be adjusted according to the value of the second pressure sensor 16, the pressure in the anode electrolytic cell 21 is kept constant, and in the embodiment, the exhaust pneumatic valve 17 is an electromagnetic proportional valve.
A first pressure sensor 10 and a back pressure valve 12 are provided in the cathode exhaust gas line, and the back pressure valve 12 is an electromagnetic proportional valve in the present embodiment. The electromagnetic proportional valve 12 can adjust the opening of the open valve according to the control signal, adjust the opening of the valve, control the hydrogen discharge speed and keep the cathode electrolytic cell 3 to keep a constant pressure. The back-pressure valve 12 can be fully opened during system maintenance to evacuate the cathode cell 3 of residual gases.
The electrolysis parameters in the cathode automatic controller 13 and the anode automatic controller 14 are uniformly set by an upper computer.
The cathode automatic controller 13 controls the opening of the back pressure valve 12 according to the pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor 10 and the differential pressure sensor 11, so as to control the pressure value in the cathode electrolytic cell 3 to be consistent with a preset value, and the cathode automatic controller 13 is closed-loop automatic cycle control; the anode automatic controller 14 controls the opening degree of the exhaust pneumatic valve 17 according to the pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor 10, the second pressure sensor 16 and the differential pressure sensor 11, thereby controlling the pressure value in the anode electrolytic cell 21 to be consistent with a preset value. The anode automatic controller 14 introduces the pressure control parameter of the first pressure sensor 10, the pressure control value of the anode electrolytic cell 21 actively approaches the actual pressure value of the cathode electrolytic cell 3, and the anode automatic controller 14 is closed-loop self-circulation control with external reference parameter input. After the controller controls the above valve actions, the changes of the pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor 10, the second pressure sensor 16 and the differential pressure sensor 11 are transmitted to the controller 14 again, and the pressure deviation caused by the above valve actions is corrected; the closed loop control feedback circulation can keep the control pressure values of the cathode electrolytic cell 3 and the anode electrolytic cell 21 constant, and the pressure difference between the cathode electrolytic cell 3 and the anode electrolytic cell can be controlled within 100 Pa.
According to the characteristic that the volume of hydrogen generated by the cathode electrolytic cell 3 is different from the volume of oxygen generated by the anode electrolytic cell 21, the invention adds an oxygen supplementing pipeline on the anode electrolytic cell. One end of the oxygen supplementing pipeline is connected with an oxygen source, and the other end is connected with the anode electrolytic cell 21. The oxygen gas supply pipeline is sequentially provided with a needle valve 18, a gas supply pneumatic valve 19 and a ninth manual valve 22. Oxygen enters the anode electrolytic cell 21 through the needle valve 18, the air supplementing pneumatic valve 19 and the ninth manual valve 22 in sequence, so that the problem of insufficient oxygen volume generated by the anode electrolytic cell 21 is solved. The balance of the pressures in the cathode electrolytic cell 3 and the anode electrolytic cell 21 is maintained. In the present invention, oxygen may be used as a gaseous product for processing or sale, and the oxygen added to the anode cell 21 is a compressed high purity gas. The final oxygen output from the anode cell 21 is also a high purity gas that can be used directly in the process or sold.
The control method for preparing hydrogen by the double closed-loop electrolysis method has the following advantages:
1. the internal circulation and the mixing disturbance of the catholyte or the anolyte are realized, the respective constant temperature control of the catholyte or the anolyte and the elimination of concentration gradient are ensured, the stable technological condition of the electrolysis process can be ensured, and the condition is created for the control of the electrolysis hydrogen production system.
2. According to the invention, an oxygen supplementing pipeline of the anode electrolytic cell is designed according to the difference of the gas production rates of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell, and the oxygen supplementing pipeline is used for supplementing oxygen to regulate the pressure of the anode electrolytic cell to be the same as that of the cathode electrolytic cell by taking the cathode electrolytic cell as a standard, so that the proton semipermeable membrane is ensured not to be damaged in the working process. The co-production of high-purity hydrogen and high-purity oxygen can be realized.
3. The invention designs a double closed-loop pressure control system comprising a cathode automatic pressure controller, an anode pressure automatic controller, a cathode electrolytic cell pressure sensor, an anode electrolytic cell pressure sensor, a cathode electrolytic cell and anode electrolytic cell pressure difference sensor, an oxygen gas supply pneumatic valve and an oxygen discharge electromagnetic proportional valve, regulates the pressure stability and the pressure value of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell to be equal, regulates the valve action again according to the feedback values of the cathode electrolytic cell pressure sensor, the anode electrolytic cell pressure sensor and the cathode electrolytic cell and anode electrolytic cell pressure difference sensor after pressure control, ensures that the anode electrolytic cell pressure value and the cathode electrolytic cell pressure value are the same, and ensures that a proton semipermeable membrane is not damaged in the working process. The double closed-loop pressure control system can respectively and automatically control the pressure of the cathode electrolytic cell and the pressure of the anode electrolytic cell, can control the pressure value of the anode electrolytic cell to actively draw close to and approach the pressure value of the cathode electrolytic cell, simplifies the pressure control difficulty of the electrolytic cell and improves the pressure control reliability.
4. The cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell both adopt the electromagnetic proportional valve as a gas discharge valve, so that the discharge speed of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell can be ensured to be adjustable, and the overpressure discharge and residual pressure release of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell can be realized by fully opening the electromagnetic proportional valve.
5. The invention realizes the constant-temperature and constant-pressure electrolysis of hydrogen and oxygen by the hydrogen electrolytic cell, and creates favorable conditions for the continuous production of hydrogen preparation by electrolysis.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A control method for hydrogen production by a double closed-loop electrolysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s10, dividing the hydrogen electrolytic cell into a cathode electrolytic cell and an anode electrolytic cell, and arranging a proton semi-permeable membrane allowing hydrogen ions to pass between the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell;
s20, arranging a cathode electrode and an anode electrode in the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell respectively, and connecting the cathode electrode and the anode electrode with the negative electrode and the positive electrode of an electrolytic power supply respectively;
s30, a cathode exhaust pipeline and an anode exhaust pipeline are respectively arranged at the upper parts of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell, a first pressure sensor is arranged on the cathode exhaust pipeline, a second pressure sensor is arranged on the anode exhaust pipeline, a differential pressure sensor is arranged between the cathode exhaust pipeline and the anode exhaust pipeline, a back pressure valve is arranged at the tail end of the cathode exhaust pipeline, and an exhaust pneumatic valve is arranged at the tail end of the anode exhaust pipeline;
s40, arranging a cathode automatic controller and an anode automatic controller outside the hydrogen electrolytic cell, wherein the cathode automatic controller is electrically connected with a first pressure sensor and a differential pressure sensor, and the anode automatic controller is electrically connected with the first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor;
s50, starting an electrolysis power supply to electrolyze the electrolyte in the hydrogen electrolytic cell;
s60, collecting pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor by using the cathode automatic controller to control the opening of the backpressure valve, so as to control the pressure value in the cathode electrolytic cell to be consistent with a preset value; collecting pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor by using an anode automatic controller to control the opening degree of the exhaust pneumatic valve, so that the pressure value in the anode electrolytic cell is controlled to be consistent with a preset value;
s70, after the controller controls the above valves to act, the changes of the pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor are transmitted to the anode automatic controller again, and the pressure deviation caused by the above valve actions is corrected;
s80, circulating the steps S60 and S70, and keeping the control pressure values of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell constant.
2. The method for controlling hydrogen production by double closed-loop electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein: the anode electrolytic cell is provided with an oxygen supplementing pipeline, one end of the oxygen supplementing pipeline is connected with an oxygen source, the other end of the oxygen supplementing pipeline is connected with the anode electrolytic cell, and an air supplementing pneumatic valve is arranged on the oxygen supplementing pipeline.
3. The method for controlling hydrogen production by double closed-loop electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein: the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell are respectively connected with the cathode electrolytic liquid storage tank and the anode electrolytic liquid storage tank, constant-temperature cathode electrolyte is filled in the cathode electrolytic liquid storage tank, and constant-temperature anode electrolyte is filled in the anode electrolytic liquid storage tank.
4. The method for controlling hydrogen production by double closed-loop electrolysis according to claim 3, wherein: the cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank is connected with the cathode electrolysis cell through two pipelines, and a cathode liquid feeding pump is arranged on the pipeline positioned at the lower part of the cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank; the anode electrolysis liquid storage tank is connected with the anode electrolysis cell through two pipelines, and an anode liquid feeding pump is arranged on the pipeline at the lower part of the anode electrolysis liquid storage tank.
5. The method for controlling hydrogen production by double closed-loop electrolysis according to claim 3, wherein: the cathode coil is arranged in the cathode electrolysis liquid storage tank and connected with the cold machine for the cathode electrolyte, the anode coil is arranged in the anode electrolysis liquid storage tank and connected with the cold machine for the anode electrolyte.
6. The method for controlling hydrogen production by double closed-loop electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the proton semipermeable membrane is between 0.1mm and 0.3mm, and the pressure resistance is 5 kPa.
7. The method for controlling hydrogen production by double closed-loop electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein: and the electrolysis parameters in the cathode automatic controller and the anode automatic controller are uniformly set by an upper computer.
8. The method for controlling hydrogen production by double closed-loop electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein: and a first supporting net and a second supporting net are respectively arranged on two sides of the proton semi-permeable membrane.
9. The method for controlling hydrogen production by double closed-loop electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein: and the bottoms of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell are respectively provided with a cathode electrolyte stirring device and an anode electrolyte stirring device.
10. The method for controlling hydrogen production by double closed-loop electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein: and the exhaust pneumatic valve and the backpressure valve are both electromagnetic proportional valves.
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