CN112940801A - 甲醇燃料 - Google Patents

甲醇燃料 Download PDF

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CN112940801A
CN112940801A CN201911267720.3A CN201911267720A CN112940801A CN 112940801 A CN112940801 A CN 112940801A CN 201911267720 A CN201911267720 A CN 201911267720A CN 112940801 A CN112940801 A CN 112940801A
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种甲醇燃料,属于动力设备原料。含有以下成分:二茂铁0.3%~0.4%、启动助剂4%~5%、抗腐蚀剂0.3%~0.5%、抗暴剂0.3%~0.5%、助溶剂1%~2%、耐磨抗溶胀剂1%、润滑剂0.5%、稳定剂0.3%~0.4%,其余部分为甲醇;所述启动助剂为二甲醚或者120号溶剂油;所述抗腐蚀剂为苯丙三氮唑;所述抗暴剂为甲基叔丁基醚;所述助溶剂为甲缩醛;所述耐磨抗溶胀剂为三乙醇胺;所述润滑剂为硅油。本发明具有动力足、环保、清洁发动机的优点,与其他车用燃料相比,机车使用本发明所述甲醇燃料后,发动机更加干净、清洁,使用寿命更长。

Description

甲醇燃料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种甲醇燃料,属于动力设备原料。
背景技术
随着世界经济的发展,对于燃料的需求与日俱增,传统的柴油、汽油、天然气等资源越加匮乏。据世界石油峰会统计数据,世界石油可商业用途开采32年,所以开发新型高清洁替代能源成为未来能源领域发展的主要方向。对于再生能源的的开发利用已经提高到了前所未有的高度,垃圾、农业废料、煤炭、木材、秸秆等都可以经过气化合成制造甲醇,所以甲醇制燃料已经在世界范围内大面积推广使用。
甲醇燃料是车用燃料替代,是新能源的重要组成部分。原油是全球最主要的一次能源,当前能源短缺的实质是原油短缺。车用燃料是原油最主要的应用领域,占全球原油总消耗量的70%以上。甲醇燃料是一种“以煤代油”路径,可以作为汽油的替代物从而实现对原油的部分替代。而当前的技术问题在于如何制备动力足、环保、能清洁发动机的甲醇燃料。
二茂铁:是一种具有芳香族性质的有机过渡金属化合物,常温下为橙黄色粉末,有樟脑气味。其熔点172度-174度,沸点249度,100℃以上能升华;不溶于水,易溶于苯、乙醚、汽油、柴油等有机溶剂。二茂铁与酸、碱、紫外线不发生作用,化学性质稳定,400度以内不分解,其分子呈现极性,具有高度热稳定性、化学稳定性和耐辐射性,在工业、农业、医药、航天、节能、环保等行业具有广泛的应用。
二甲醚:是一种无色、具有轻微醚香味的易燃气体,具有惰性、无致癌性但有神经毒性;二甲醚还具有优良的混溶性,易溶于汽油、四氯化碳、丙酮、氯苯和乙酸甲酯等多种有机溶剂,加入少量助剂后就可与水以任意比互溶;二甲醚与空气混合能形成爆炸性混合物,接触热、火星、火焰或氧化剂易燃烧爆炸,接触空气或在光照条件下可生成具有潜在爆炸危险性的过氧化物,密度比空气大,能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方,遇火源会着火回燃,若遇高热,容器内压增大,有开裂和爆炸的危险。
号溶剂油:以油田优质轻烃为原料,采用连续精馏工艺生产而成,其主要成份有正庚烷、异庚烷和环庚烷,还含有少量的辛烷和己烷,常温常压下为液态,易燃易挥发。
苯丙三氮唑:溶于热水、醇、苯及其他多数有机溶剂,对酸碱,氧化/还原剂稳定,用于防锈油(脂)类产品中,对铜及其合金,银及其合金的防腐蚀效果特别明显,多用于铜及铜合金的气相缓蚀剂、循环水处理剂、汽车防冻液、照相防雾剂、高分子稳定剂、植物生长调节剂、润滑油添加剂等。
甲基叔丁基醚:一种无色透明、粘度低的可挥发性液体,具有特殊气味,含氧量为18.2%的有机醚类,它的蒸汽比空气重,可沿地面扩散,与强氧化剂共存时可燃烧。用作汽油添加剂,提高辛烷值,亦可裂解制得异丁烯,用作汽油添加剂,具有优良的抗爆性;它与汽油的混溶性好,吸水少,对环境无污染。
甲缩醛:无色澄清易挥发可燃液体,有氯仿气味和刺激味,具有优良的理化性能,即良好的溶解性、低沸点、与水相溶性好,能广泛应用于化妆品、药品、家庭用品、工业汽车用品、杀虫剂、皮革上光剂、清洁剂、橡胶工业、油漆、油墨等产品中,也由于甲缩醛具有良好的去油污能力和挥发性,作为清洁剂可以替代F11和F113及含氯溶剂,因此是替代氟里昂,减少挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放,降低对大气污染的环保产品。
三乙醇胺:无色至淡黄色透明粘稠液体,微有氨味,低温时成为无色至淡黄色立方晶系晶体,露置于空气中时颜色渐渐变深;易溶于水、乙醇、丙酮、甘油及乙二醇等,微溶于苯、乙醚及四氯化碳等,在非极性溶剂中几乎不溶解。三乙醇胺的碱性比氨弱(pKa7.82,)具有叔胺和醇的性质,与有机酸反应低温时生成盐,高温时生成酯;与多种金属生成2~4个配位体的螯合物;用次氯酸氧化时生成胺氧化物;用高碘酸氧化分解成氨和甲醛;与硫酸作用生成吗啉代乙醇;三乙醇胺在低温时能吸收酸性气体,高温时则放出。
硅油:一般是无色(或淡黄色、)无味、无毒、不易挥发的液体,不溶于水、甲醇、二醇和-乙氧基乙醇,可与苯、二甲醚、甲基乙基酮、四氯化碳或煤油互溶,稍溶于丙酮、二恶烷、乙醇和丁醇;具有很小的蒸汽压、较高的闪点和燃点、较低的凝固点;具有卓越的耐热性、电绝缘性、耐候性、疏水性、生理惰性和较小的表面张力,此外还具有低的粘温系数、较高的抗压缩性、有的品种还具有耐辐射的性能。
甲醇:是由一个甲基和一个羟基组成的,它是一种醇,具有醇所具有的化学性质,可以在纯氧中剧烈燃烧,生成氧化氢(I)并放出氧化碳(IV。)
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种甲醇燃料,以解决上述的技术问题。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种甲醇燃料,其特征在于:它含有以下成分:二茂铁、启动助剂、抗腐蚀剂、抗暴剂、助溶剂、耐磨抗溶胀剂、润滑剂、稳定剂和甲醇;上述各种成分在所述甲醇燃料中的百分比含量为:二茂铁0.3%~0.4%、启动助剂4%~5%、抗腐蚀剂0.3%~0.5%、抗暴剂0.3%~0.5%、助溶剂1%~2%、耐磨抗溶胀剂1%、润滑剂0.5%、稳定剂0.3%~0.4%,其余部分为甲醇;所述启动助剂为二甲醚或者120号溶剂油;所述抗腐蚀剂为苯丙三氮唑;所述抗暴剂为甲基叔丁基醚;所述助溶剂为甲缩醛;所述耐磨抗溶胀剂为三乙醇胺;所述润滑剂为硅油。
有益效果:本发明所述的甲醇燃料中,含有能够提高热值的二茂铁、帮助启动的二甲醚或120号溶剂油、抗腐蚀剂苯丙三氮唑、抗暴剂甲基叔丁基醚述助溶剂甲缩醛、耐磨抗溶胀剂三乙醇胺、润滑剂硅油,以及甲醇,具有动力足、环保、清洁发动机的优点,与其他车用燃料相比,机车使用本发明所述甲醇燃料后,发动机更加干净、清洁,使用寿命更长。
具体实施方式
以下参考具体实施例,对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1:
本实施例所述的甲醇燃料,含有以下成分:二茂铁、启动助剂、抗腐蚀剂、抗暴剂、助溶剂、耐磨抗溶胀剂、润滑剂、稳定剂和甲醇。上述各种成分在所述甲醇燃料中的百分比含量为:二茂铁0.3%、启动助剂4%、抗腐蚀剂0.3%、抗暴剂0.3%、助溶剂1%、耐磨抗溶胀剂1%、润滑剂0.5%、稳定剂0.3%,其余部分为甲醇;所述启动助剂为二甲醚或者120号溶剂油;所述抗腐蚀剂为苯丙三氮唑;所述抗暴剂为甲基叔丁基醚;所述助溶剂为甲缩醛;所述耐磨抗溶胀剂为三乙醇胺;所述润滑剂为硅油。
实施例2:
本实施例所述的甲醇燃料,含有以下成分:二茂铁、启动助剂、抗腐蚀剂、抗暴剂、助溶剂、耐磨抗溶胀剂、润滑剂、稳定剂和甲醇;上述各种成分在所述甲醇燃料中的百分比含量为:二茂铁0.4%、启动助剂5%、抗腐蚀剂0.5%、抗暴剂0.5%、助溶剂2%、耐磨抗溶胀剂1%、润滑剂0.5%、稳定剂0.4%,其余部分为甲醇;所述启动助剂为二甲醚或者120号溶剂油;所述抗腐蚀剂为苯丙三氮唑;所述抗暴剂为甲基叔丁基醚;所述助溶剂为甲缩醛;所述耐磨抗溶胀剂为三乙醇胺;所述润滑剂为硅油。
实施例3:
本实施例所述的甲醇燃料,含有以下成分:二茂铁、启动助剂、抗腐蚀剂、抗暴剂、助溶剂、耐磨抗溶胀剂、润滑剂、稳定剂和甲醇;上述各种成分在所述甲醇燃料中的百分比含量为:二茂铁0.35%、启动助剂4.5%、抗腐蚀剂0.4%、抗暴剂0.4%、助溶剂1.5%、耐磨抗溶胀剂1%、润滑剂0.5%、稳定剂0.35%,其余部分为甲醇;所述启动助剂为二甲醚或者120号溶剂油;所述抗腐蚀剂为苯丙三氮唑;所述抗暴剂为甲基叔丁基醚;所述助溶剂为甲缩醛;所述耐磨抗溶胀剂为三乙醇胺;所述润滑剂为硅油。
本发明所述甲醇燃料的用途:商用(主要用于汽车燃料、)工业用(煤炭的一种替代品,节约能源30%~40%、)民用(主要用于学校、食堂等,代替电力能源。)
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施例,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (1)

1.一种甲醇燃料,其特征在于:它含有以下成分:二茂铁、启动助剂、抗腐蚀剂、抗暴剂、助溶剂、耐磨抗溶胀剂、润滑剂、稳定剂和甲醇;上述各种成分在所述甲醇燃料中的百分比含量为:二茂铁0.3%~0.4%、启动助剂4%~5%、抗腐蚀剂0.3%~0.5%、抗暴剂0.3%~0.5%、助溶剂1%~2%、耐磨抗溶胀剂1%、润滑剂0.5%、稳定剂0.3%~0.4%,其余部分为甲醇;所述启动助剂为二甲醚或者120号溶剂油;所述抗腐蚀剂为苯丙三氮唑;所述抗暴剂为甲基叔丁基醚;所述助溶剂为甲缩醛;所述耐磨抗溶胀剂为三乙醇胺;所述润滑剂为硅油。
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