CN112937765A - Composite anchoring system and danger avoiding method of small floating type wave energy device - Google Patents
Composite anchoring system and danger avoiding method of small floating type wave energy device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
- B63B2035/4466—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting water energy into electric energy, e.g. from tidal flows, waves or currents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
Abstract
The invention provides a composite anchoring system and a danger avoiding method for a small floating type wave energy device, which are provided with the small floating type wave energy device and a composite anchoring system connected with the wave energy device; the composite anchoring system is provided with: the submerged floating body is completely immersed in water and can adjust the balance weight; one end of the elastic rope is connected with the wave energy device, and the other end of the elastic rope is connected with the submerged floating body; one end of the catenary is connected with the submerged floating body, and the other end of the catenary is connected with the seabed; and a ventilation float communicated with the submerged float through a ventilation pipe. Therefore, the composite anchoring system and the danger avoiding method of the small floating type wave energy device can give consideration to the draft adjusting capacity and the tide level adaptive capacity, can improve the motion response of the small floating type wave energy device, improve the power generation efficiency, and can effectively avoid danger when meeting extreme sea conditions, and are high in reliability and simple in structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wave energy power generation, and particularly relates to a composite anchoring system and a risk avoiding method for a small floating type wave energy device.
Background
With the gradual depletion of fossil energy and the increasingly serious climate change caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, the development of renewable energy becomes an important direction for the development of world energy. Ocean waves are a renewable energy source which is widely distributed in the ocean, can be used as a clean pollution-free green renewable new energy source, has the advantages of large reserves, wide distribution, high energy density, easiness in conversion and the like, and becomes the key point of new energy research. The development and utilization of ocean wave energy have important meanings for relieving energy shortage, reducing environmental pollution, developing coastal and island economy, consolidating sea defense and the like.
The wave energy device has various forms, wherein the small floating wave energy device has lower cost and smaller influence on the environment, and is a power generation form with great potential. The draught of the wave energy device is an important parameter influencing the energy obtaining, so that the current marine positioning of the small floating wave energy device mostly imitates a large-scale marine platform and adopts tensioning type anchoring, thereby realizing the draught adjustment.
However, compared with an offshore platform, the small wave energy device has the characteristics of obvious heaving response, sensitivity to tide level change and the like, so that the wave energy device is easy to drift horizontally under the action of water flow under the influence of heaving response and tide level change, a cable is easy to damage under the combined action of water flow, waves and tide levels, and the reliability is low. In other words, when tension-type anchoring is applied to a small-sized wave energy device, although the draft adjustment requirement can be satisfied, there are various disadvantages such as a significant reduction in the operating performance when the tide level changes and the wave energy device generates heaving motion. Therefore, how to design a corresponding anchoring system according to the motion response characteristics of the small floating wave energy device, improve the tidal level adaptability, enhance the reliability, improve the positioning effect of the small floating wave energy device and the like becomes an important subject.
In addition, when the wave energy device thrown at sea meets extreme sea conditions such as storm tide, the water particle speed near the sea surface is high, the waves are broken frequently, the structure of the wave energy device can be damaged by the action force of the broken waves impacting the floating body, and the anchor cable load is further increased by the water flow formed by the broken waves, so that the structural reliability is reduced. Therefore, it is also an important issue to improve the survivability of the wave energy device by taking it away from the vicinity of the sea surface where hydrodynamic action is complicated when extreme sea conditions are encountered.
Disclosure of Invention
The problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:
in view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a composite anchoring system and a risk avoiding method for a small floating wave energy device, which can achieve both draft regulation capability and tidal level adaptation capability, improve the motion response thereof, improve the power generation efficiency, and effectively avoid risks when encountering extreme sea conditions, and have high reliability and a simple structure.
The technical means for solving the problems are as follows:
the invention provides a composite anchoring system of a small floating type wave energy device, which is provided with the small floating type wave energy device and the composite anchoring system connected with the wave energy device; the composite anchoring system is provided with: the submerged floating body is completely immersed in water and can adjust the balance weight; the elastic rope is connected with the wave energy device at one end and the submerged floating body at the other end; one end of the catenary is connected with the submerged floating body, and the other end of the catenary is connected with the seabed; and a ventilation float in communication with the submerged float through a ventilation pipe.
According to the invention, the lower part of the submerged floating body is anchored by the catenary, the upper part of the submerged floating body is connected with the wave energy device by the elastic rope, the catenary anchor has a certain surplus length due to the self-weight action, and when the tide level changes, the catenary anchor has a certain tide level self-adaption capability, and meanwhile, the draft adjustment of the wave energy device can be realized by the mass adjustment of the submerged floating body, so that the wave energy device has more stable working performance and higher system reliability particularly when the wave energy device is in heaving. Therefore, the invention can realize draught adjustment on the premise of realizing the tide level self-adaptive function by combining the catenary anchor with the submerged float. In addition, the submersible floating body, the elastic rope and the catenary are matched to be used as a damper to reduce the heaving, swaying and surging motion response of the wave energy device, namely, the wave energy device mainly based on pitching can reduce the non-pitching motion response, the pitching motion response is favorably improved, and the energy obtaining efficiency is improved.
In the present invention, the submerged float may include: an open winch unit working chamber provided with a winch unit; a ballast tank which is communicated with the atmosphere through the winch unit working chamber and can carry ballast water inside; a water delivery unit working chamber provided with a water delivery unit capable of discharging ballast water into or out of the ballast tank; and the counterweight cabin is arranged at the lower part of the submerged floating body and can adjust the counterweight.
According to the invention, the volume of ballast water in the ballast tank is adjusted, the dead weight and submerging depth of the submerged floating body can be controlled, the wave energy device submerges along with the submerged floating body, and is far away from the vicinity of the sea surface with complex hydrodynamic conditions, so that the survivability is improved. The mass of the balance weight cabin can be adjusted, so that the mass of the submerged floating body can be adjusted, and the draught of the wave energy device on the sea surface can be adjusted.
In the present invention, the water delivery unit may be provided inside the water delivery unit operating compartment, and includes: one end of the water pump is communicated with the outside seawater through a first electromagnetic valve, and the other end of the water pump is communicated with the ballast water in the ballast tank through a second electromagnetic valve and can work in two directions; and a controller for controlling the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve to open and close.
According to the invention, when extreme sea conditions occur, the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve are opened through the controller, the water pump is started, seawater enters the water pump from the first electromagnetic valve and then enters the ballast tank through the second electromagnetic valve, the self weight of the submerged floating body is increased due to the increase of the volume of ballast water so as to submerge, the wave energy device submerges along with the submerged floating body, the submerged floating body is far away from the vicinity of the sea surface with complex hydrodynamic conditions, and the survivability of the system is improved. On the contrary, the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve are opened through the controller, the water pump is started, ballast water in the ballast tank is discharged sequentially through the second electromagnetic valve, the water pump and the first electromagnetic valve, the submerged floating body is lowered in self weight due to the reduction of the volume of the ballast water and then floats upwards together with the wave energy device, and when the ballast water is completely discharged, the wave energy device floats upwards to a preset draught position and starts to work normally.
In the present invention, the hoisting unit may be provided inside the hoisting unit operating cabin, and includes: the vent pipe is communicated with the vent floater at one end; the winch is communicated with the other end of the vent pipe and can wind the vent pipe; and a barrel connected to the capstan; the winch is formed in a hollow structure, one end connected with the barrel is closed, and the other end connected with the ballast tank is open.
According to the invention, the ballast tank is communicated with the outside atmosphere through the hollow winch, the vent pipe communicated with the winch and the vent floater communicated with the vent pipe, so that the power requirement on a water pump of the water delivery unit can be reduced, the strength requirement on the outer wall of the ballast tank of the submerged floating body can also be reduced, the structure is simple, and the cost is saved. In addition, the barrel enables the winch to rotate forwards and reversely by means of the buoyancy of the ventilation floater, the ventilation pipe is wound on the winch or unwound from the winch, accordingly, the length of the ventilation pipe between the submerged floater and the ventilation floater is automatically adjusted, an additional power system is not needed, the barrel can be self-adapted to the surrounding environment only through a simple mechanical structure, normal work of other parts of the wave energy device and the composite anchoring system is guaranteed, and overall reliability is improved.
In the invention, an opening for extending the vent pipe is arranged in the submerged floating body at a position corresponding to the winch unit working cabin, and a fixed pulley is arranged on the upper side of the opening.
According to the invention, the vent pipe extends out of the opening and then is connected with the vent float, and the fixed pulley is arranged at the opening of the submerged float body so as to facilitate the expansion and contraction of the vent pipe, thereby not only playing a role of positioning and guiding, but also reducing the wear of the vent pipe and unnecessary energy consumption.
In the invention, the water delivery unit is electrically connected with the wave energy device through a cable.
According to the invention, no other power mechanism is required to be additionally arranged, and the electric power supply to the submerged floating body can be realized by means of the electric energy converted by the wave energy device, so that the structure is simple, and the cost is saved.
The invention also provides a danger avoiding method of the composite anchoring system based on the small floating type wave energy device, and when the composite anchoring system works normally, no ballast water is in the ballast tank; when the wave energy device encounters an extreme sea condition, the controller opens the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve and the water pump, so that seawater enters the ballast tank as ballast water; when the wave energy device needs to work again, the controller opens the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve and the water pump, so that seawater is discharged from the ballast tank.
The invention has the following effects:
the system combines two functions of tide level self-adaption and draught adjustment of the wave energy device through a simple mechanical structure, has high reliability and stable working performance, is easy to maintain, can improve motion response to improve power generation efficiency, and enhances the survivability of the whole structure under extreme sea conditions through a simple means.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the composite anchoring system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the submerged body of the composite anchoring system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relative coordinate systems commonly used in marine and marine engineering;
description of the symbols:
s-a composite anchoring system;
101-elastic rope, 102-submerged float, 103-catenary and 104-ventilation float;
201-hoisting unit working chamber, 202-ballast chamber, 203-water delivery unit working chamber, 204-counterweight chamber;
301-air pipe, 302-winch, 303-barrel, 304-water pump, 305-controller, 306-first solenoid valve, 307-second solenoid valve, 308-fixed pulley;
401-wave energy device.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative, and not restrictive, of the invention. The same or corresponding reference numerals denote the same components in the respective drawings, and redundant description is omitted.
In addition, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and the terms "central," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used for descriptive purposes only and not for purposes of limitation or specificity, and the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Disclosed herein is a complex anchor system S for a small floating wave energy device, which is provided with a small floating wave energy device 401 and a complex anchor system S connected to the wave energy device 401. Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a complex anchoring system S according to the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a submerged floating body 102. As shown in fig. 1, the composite anchoring system S includes: a submerged float 102 which is completely submerged in water and is capable of adjusting a weight; an elastic rope 101 with one end connected with the wave energy device 401 and the other end connected with the submerged floating body 102; a catenary 103 having one end connected to the submerged body 102 and the other end connected to the sea floor; and a breather float 104 in communication with the submerged float 102 through a breather pipe 301. The wave energy device 401 illustrated in the present invention is a multi-degree-of-freedom device, and obtains energy by a combination of pitching and rolling, but may be a single-degree-of-freedom device that obtains energy only by a pitching response, and is not particularly limited herein. In addition, the wave energy device 401 is connected with the submerged float 102 through the elastic ropes 101, the lower part of the submerged float 102 is connected with the sea bottom through the catenary 103, and the sum of buoyancy forces borne by the submerged float 102 and the catenary 103 is always smaller than or equal to the sum of self weights of the submerged float 102 and the catenary 103. In the present embodiment, the ventilation float 104 is an open-pore ball-type float, and the ventilation pipe 301 passes through the ventilation float 104 and is rigidly connected thereto, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the ventilation float 104 may be connected to one end of the ventilation pipe 301 to communicate the ventilation pipe 301 of the float 102 with the atmosphere.
As shown in fig. 2, the submerged float 102 includes: an open hoisting unit working chamber 201 provided with a hoisting unit; a ballast tank 202 which is communicated with the atmosphere through a winch unit working chamber 201 and can carry ballast water therein; a water transfer unit working chamber 203 provided with a water transfer unit capable of discharging ballast water to or from the ballast tank 202; and a counterweight cabin 204 which is arranged at the lower part of the submerged floating body 102 and can adjust the counterweight. Wherein the ballast chamber 204 is preferably at the bottom most compared to the rest of the chambers in the buoyant body 102 to ensure the attitude of the buoyant body 102 in the water. The winch unit working chamber 201 needs to store and release the vent pipe 301, so the winch unit working chamber is preferably positioned at the upper part inside the suspension body 102, and can ensure the communication between the suspension body 102 and the atmosphere besides ensuring the underwater posture of the suspension body 102. The ballast tank 202 is provided with an opening communicating with the hoisting unit operation tank 201 at a position near the hoisting unit operation tank 201, and the opening is preferably near the upper side. The hoisting unit is disposed inside the hoisting unit working tank 201 and should be located above the ballast tank 202 so as not to cause unnecessary inflow of ballast water into the hoisting unit working tank and to prevent the suspension 102 from communicating with the atmosphere. The water transfer unit is located inside the water transfer unit working tank 203, preferably but not limited to inside the ballast tank 202, in connection with the side wall of the suspension 102. The water delivery unit may be electrically connected to the wave energy device 401 by a cable to provide the necessary electrical power.
More specifically, the water supply unit is used for charging and discharging ballast water to and from the ballast tank, and includes a water pump 304, a first electromagnetic valve 306, a second electromagnetic valve 307, and a controller 305. The controller 305 receives an electric signal sent from the outside to control the opening and closing of the first electromagnetic valve 306 and the second electromagnetic valve 307 and the starting of the water pump 304. The water pump 304 is installed inside the working tank 203 of the water delivery unit, one end of the water pump is communicated with the outside seawater through a first electromagnetic valve 306, and the other end of the water pump is communicated with the ballast water in the ballast tank through a second electromagnetic valve 307. The water pump 304 is a pump that can be operated in both directions, and can either suck seawater into the ballast tank 202 in the direction from the first solenoid valve 306 to the second solenoid valve 307 or discharge seawater from the ballast tank 202 in the direction from the second solenoid valve 307 to the first solenoid valve 306.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the water transfer unit is provided at the bottom of the ballast tank 202, the first solenoid valve 306 is provided on the outer wall of the suspension 102 so as to penetrate therethrough, and the second solenoid valve 307 is provided on the wall surface shared by the water transfer unit working tank 203 and the ballast tank 202 so as to penetrate therethrough, and is preferably provided as close as possible to the bottom of the ballast tank 202 (i.e., the bottom of the water transfer unit working tank 201), so that the ballast water in the ballast tank 202 can be easily drained, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and in the case of special cases, it is possible to adjust the ballast water in accordance with the specific requirements, for example, the water transfer unit working tank 201 is provided at a position above the ballast tank 202, and the second solenoid valve 307 is necessarily provided at a position far from the bottom of the ballast tank 202, and at this time, the. Therefore, the position of the water delivery unit and thus the solenoid valve is not limited to the examples of the present invention as long as the corresponding functions are realized.
In the invention, the ballast tank 202 in the submerged floating body 102 is always connected with the atmosphere, so that the power consumption of the water pump 304 in the water delivery unit and the requirement on the strength of the outer wall of the submerged floating body 102 are reduced, the structure is simple, and the cost is saved. In addition, when the wave energy device 401 encounters an extreme sea condition, seawater can be injected into the ballast tank 202 through the remote control water delivery unit, and the control device and the anchoring system sink integrally, so that the wave energy device 401 is completely immersed in the water and sinks to a certain depth, and is far away from the sea surface with strong hydrodynamic force, and the survivability of the anchoring system and the wave energy device is improved.
The hoisting unit further includes: a cylindrical capstan 302 having both ends open, a barrel 303 connected to capstan 302 so as to close the open end of capstan 302, and a breather pipe 301 having one end connected to capstan 302 so as to communicate with each other. Specifically, the vent pipe 301 extends from the inside of the submerged float 102 to the outside and is connected to and communicated with the vent float 104, and the other end is connected to and communicated with the side surface of the winch 302 in the form of a hollow structure that is inserted into the winch 302. One open end of the winch 302 is closed by the barrel 303, the upper part of the winch 302 is connected with the barrel 303 and closed by the barrel 303 in the present embodiment, and the other open end of the winch 302 is connected with the top opening of the ballast tank 202 in a dynamic seal manner.
An opening is arranged on the wall surface of the submerged float 102, the winch unit working cabin 201 is formed into an open structure communicated with seawater, a fixed pulley 308 is arranged on the upper side of the opening, and the vent pipe 301 extends out of the opening and then is connected with the vent float 104 floating on the sea surface. The barrel 303 and the float 104 cooperate to automatically retract the breather pipe 301. Specifically, when the submerged float 102 submerges, the vent pipe 301 on the winch 302 is released by the buoyancy of the vent float 104 to ensure that the vent float 301 is not submerged by the submerged float 102, thereby ensuring that the ballast tank 202 inside the submerged float 102 is always connected to the atmosphere, and the clockwork in the clockwork box 303 is tightened. When the submerged buoy 102 floats up, the winch 302 winds the recovery snorkel 301 to an appropriate length by the restoring force of the barrel 303. In other words, when barrel 303 provided in hoisting unit working compartment 201 is passively or automatically rotated, winch 302 fixed thereto is rotated together, and rotation of winch 302 winds or unwinds snorkel 301, so that snorkel 301 can be smoothly extended or shortened along a predetermined sliding track via fixed pulley 308, that is, so-called, freely retracted and extended. By means of the wave energy device 401 and the composite anchoring system S, an additional power system is not needed, the self-adaption to the surrounding environment can be achieved only through a simple mechanical structure, the normal work of the wave energy device 401 and other parts of the composite anchoring system S is guaranteed, and the overall reliability is improved.
Further, although the present embodiment shows a case where an opening is provided in the side surface of the submerged float 102, the present invention is not limited to this, and the opening near the top may be formed such that the barrel 303 and the winch 302 wind the snorkel 301 around an axis substantially perpendicular to the sea level, but the winding direction is not limited by the present invention, and it is sufficient to ensure that the ballast tank 202 is always in communication with the atmosphere.
The operation of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the above-described structure of the present invention. It will also be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and modifications as would occur to one skilled in the art based on the foregoing description of the invention being deemed to fall within the scope and ambit of the invention.
In the invention, the shape of the catenary 103 is an arc line under the action of gravity, namely a certain surplus length is left, when the sea level of the sea area where the wave energy device 401 is located changes, the vertical distance between the submerged floating body 102 and the sea bottom changes, the shape of the catenary 103 also changes, and the catenary still has the capacity of restraining the horizontal displacement of the wave energy device. In other words, the catenary anchor realized by the catenary 103 has a certain surplus length due to the self-weight effect, so that the catenary anchor has a certain tide level self-adaptive capacity when the tide level changes. However, catenary anchors are difficult to achieve in adjusting the draft of wave energy devices.
On the contrary, according to the statics analysis and other researches on the composite anchoring system S, it can be known that, in the vertical direction, the sum of the buoyancy forces applied to the wave energy device 401, the submerged body 102 and the catenary 103 is balanced with the total weight of the wave energy device, while the submerged body 102 and the catenary 103 are immersed in water, and the buoyancy forces applied to the submerged body 102 and the catenary 103 are constant, so that if the total weight of the submerged body 102 and the catenary 103 is changed, the buoyancy force applied to the wave energy device 401 is inevitably changed, that is, the draught of the wave energy device 401 is changed. Thus, if the mass of the submersible buoy 102 can be changed, adjustments to the draft of the wave energy device 401 can be achieved.
Based on the above, in order to realize draft adjustment of the wave energy device 401, that is, in order to increase draft of the wave energy device 401, a vertically downward acting force needs to be applied to the wave energy device 401, so that the vertically downward acting force needs to be applied to the wave energy device 401 by virtue of self weight of the submerged buoy 102 and the catenary 103, the invention changes the mass of the submerged buoy 102 by adjusting the mass of the ballast tank 204 in advance, so as to realize draft adjustment of the wave energy device 401. Furthermore, the draft of the wave energy devices 401 does not change significantly due to changes in the tide level, since the above-described means of draft adjustment are only related to the dead weight and buoyancy of the composite mooring system S, and not to its particular vertical position. Namely, the device draught can be adjusted while realizing the tide level self-adaption.
The wave energy device 401 is connected with the submerged buoy 102 through an elastic rope 101, and the lower part of the submerged buoy 102 is connected with the sea bottom through a catenary 103, namely the submerged buoy 102 is flexibly connected with the wave energy device 401. When the wave energy device 401 moves in a swaying, surging and heaving mode, namely, the wave energy device 401 periodically reciprocates in the horizontal and vertical directions, the wave energy device 401 tends to move away from the submerged body 102, the elastic ropes 101 are pulled to drive the submerged body 102 to move together, and the submerged body 102 has the function of a damper relative to the wave energy device 401.
For better description, as shown in fig. 3, assuming that the wave propagation direction is the X direction, the float generates six degrees of freedom motions in the wave, namely, surge (surge), sway (sway), heaving (heave), roll (roll), pitch (pitch), and yaw (yaw). In the description of the present invention, the above definitions are used as a basis for the description of the present invention, but the present invention should be understood as the content of the present invention when the expressions are different but substantially the same. Since the principle and effect of the influence of the submerged float 102 as a damper on the rolling motion response are basically the same as the pitching motion, the following description will be given by taking only the pitching motion as an example for the sake of simplicity and clarity of the description, and the application thereof to the rolling motion can be fully understood by those skilled in the art.
Specifically, when the wave energy device 401 is in the swaying or surging motion, the motion of the submerged body 102 is hysteretic relative to the motion of the wave energy device 401 and is limited by the catenary 103 (i.e., the restoring force of the catenary 103), thereby subjecting the motion of the wave energy device 401 to a large damping force. When the wave energy device 401 is in heave motion, the vertical motion of the wave energy device 401 is also limited, again due to the restraining action of the catenary 103 (i.e., the restoring force of the catenary 103) on the submerged buoy 102. That is, the motion of the wave energy device 401 in the three directions of swaying, surging and heaving is subjected to the great damping force of the suspension body 102, so that the motion response amplitude is limited.
In contrast, the pitching motion of the wave energy device 401 is a periodic oscillation about an anchor point on the wave energy device 401, and thus there is no tendency to move away from the submerged float 102 when the wave energy device 401 is in pitching motion, i.e. the submerged float 102 acts as a damper at this time, and the pitching motion of the wave energy device 401 is not affected. From this, it can be seen that the submerged buoy 102 can reduce the motion response of the wave energy device 401 to heave, roll and pitch, but does not affect the motion response to pitch.
Based on the above, on the premise that the wave condition is not changed, the wave energy captured by the wave energy device 401 is relatively constant, and for the wave energy device mainly using pitching energy, the motion response of the device other than pitching is reduced, which is beneficial to improving the motion response of the device to pitching. Therefore, the compound anchor system S of the present invention functions as a common damper by the cooperation of the suspension 102, the elastic cord 101 and the catenary 103, increases the motion damping of the wave energy device 401 in the sway, surge and heave directions, concentrates more energy on the pitching motion, increases the response of the pitching motion, and improves the power generation efficiency of the wave energy device using pitching as the main energy capturing mode.
When the hybrid anchoring system S of the present invention is operating normally, there is no ballast water in the ballast tank 202, and when the wave energy device 401 encounters an extreme sea state, the controller 305 receives a control signal, opens the first solenoid valve 306 and the second solenoid valve 307, starts the water pump 304, allows seawater to enter the water pump 304 from the first solenoid valve 306, and then enters the ballast tank 202 through the second solenoid valve 307, and at this time, the air existing in the ballast tank 202 enters the atmosphere through the winch 302, the vent pipe 301, and the vent float 104 under the pressure action, and after a predetermined condition (such as a submergence depth) is reached, the controller 305 closes the first solenoid valve 306, the second solenoid valve 307, and the water pump 304. The ballast water volume is increased, so that the self weight of the submerged floating body 102 is increased to submerge, the wave energy device 401 submerges along with the submerged floating body 102 and is far away from the vicinity of the sea surface with complex hydrodynamic conditions, and the survivability of the system is improved.
When the wave energy device 401 needs to work continuously, the controller 305 receives a control signal, opens the first electromagnetic valve 306 and the second electromagnetic valve 307, starts the water pump 304, discharges the ballast water in the ballast tank 202 through the second electromagnetic valve 307, the water pump 304 and the first electromagnetic valve 306 in sequence, reduces the ballast water in the ballast tank 202 at the moment, reduces the air pressure, and air on the sea surface enters the winch 302 through the ventilation float 104 and the ventilation pipe 301 and finally reaches the ballast tank 202, so that the air pressure in the ballast tank 202 is the same as the atmosphere. The volume of the ballast water is reduced, so that the submerged floating body 102 is lowered in self weight and floats upwards, the wave energy device 401 floats upwards together with the submerged floating body 102, and when the ballast water in the ballast tank 202 is completely discharged, the wave energy device 401 floats upwards to a preset draught position and starts to work normally.
In summary, the composite anchoring system S according to the present invention has a simple mechanical mechanism, is easy to maintain, has excellent working performance, combines the tidal level self-adaptive capability and the draft adjustment capability, can improve the motion response performance to improve the power generation efficiency, and can effectively avoid risks to enhance survivability when encountering extreme sea conditions.
The above embodiments are intended to illustrate and not to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, but rather by the claims, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A composite anchoring system of a small floating type wave energy device is provided with the small floating type wave energy device and the composite anchoring system connected with the wave energy device;
the composite anchoring system is provided with:
the submerged floating body is completely immersed in water and can adjust the balance weight;
the elastic rope is connected with the wave energy device at one end and the submerged floating body at the other end;
one end of the catenary is connected with the submerged floating body, and the other end of the catenary is connected with the seabed; and
and the ventilation floater is communicated with the submerged floater through a ventilation pipe.
2. A composite anchoring system for small floating wave energy devices according to claim 1,
the submerged float is provided with: an open winch unit working chamber provided with a winch unit;
a ballast tank which is communicated with the atmosphere through the winch unit working chamber and can carry ballast water inside;
a water delivery unit working chamber provided with a water delivery unit capable of discharging ballast water into or out of the ballast tank; and
and the counterweight cabin is arranged at the lower part of the submerged floating body and can adjust the counterweight.
3. A composite anchoring system for small floating wave energy devices according to claim 2,
the water delivery unit is arranged in the water delivery unit working cabin and is provided with:
one end of the water pump is communicated with the outside seawater through a first electromagnetic valve, and the other end of the water pump is communicated with the ballast water in the ballast tank through a second electromagnetic valve and can work in two directions; and
and the controller is used for controlling the opening and closing of the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve.
4. A composite anchoring system for small floating wave energy devices according to claim 3,
the water delivery unit is electrically connected with the wave energy device through a cable.
5. A composite anchoring system for small floating wave energy devices according to claim 2,
the hoist unit is located inside the hoist unit work cabin, possesses:
the vent pipe is communicated with the vent floater at one end;
the winch is communicated with the other end of the vent pipe and can wind the vent pipe; and
a barrel connected to the capstan;
the winch is formed in a hollow structure, one end connected with the barrel is closed, and the other end connected with the ballast tank is open.
6. A composite anchoring system for small floating wave energy devices according to claim 5,
an opening for the vent pipe to extend out is arranged in the submerged floating body and in a position corresponding to the winch unit working cabin, and a fixed pulley is arranged on the upper side of the opening.
7. A method of avoiding danger in a composite anchoring system for small floating wave energy devices according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
when the ballast tank works normally, no ballast water exists in the ballast tank;
when the wave energy device encounters an extreme sea condition, the controller opens the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve and the water pump, so that seawater enters the ballast tank as ballast water;
when the wave energy device needs to work again, the controller opens the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve and the water pump, so that seawater is discharged from the ballast tank.
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