CN112937612B - Bottom-opening door type open-top box and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a bottom-opening type open-top box and a method, and the bottom-opening type open-top box comprises a box body, wherein the top of the box body is open, at least one group of bottom-opening door assemblies are arranged at the bottom of the box body, each bottom-opening door assembly comprises a bottom-opening door plate, one side of each bottom-opening door plate is hinged with the box body, and the other side of each bottom-opening door plate is provided with a door bolt assembly; the side part of the box body is provided with a lock hook assembly, and when the bottom-opening door panel is closed, the lock hook assembly is clamped with the door bolt assembly to be locked; the box is provided with a spring box corresponding to the lower part of the bottom opening door, the spring box is arranged obliquely, and when the bottom opening door plate is opened, the spring box supports the bottom opening door plate to play a role in buffering.

Description

Bottom-opening type open-top box and method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of transport tools, and particularly relates to a bottom-opening type open-top box and a method.

Background

The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.

At present, bulk goods such as coal, minerals and the like can be loaded and transported by a bottom-opening open wagon and a hopper wagon which run on a railway, automatic unloading can be realized, operation is convenient, but the transportation mode of combined transportation of the highway and the railway still needs to be reloaded, and the advantages of one-time loading and multiple transportation of the transportation scheme of the open top box and the flat wagon are lacked.

The inventor finds that the existing common open-top box is convenient to change the transportation mode in multi-mode combined transportation, but unloading needs to be lifted by a forklift or hoisted by a hoisting tool, and certain auxiliary facilities are needed. The existing side-opening door type open-top box has the self-unloading function, but due to the limitation of a funnel ridge structure, only bulk goods can be loaded and transported, and the universality is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a bottom-opening door type open top box and a method, aiming at the defects in the prior art, the bottom-opening door type open top box has the advantages of convenient multi-mode intermodal transportation switching and transportation, has the function of self-unloading when bulk goods are shipped, can ship goods and is stronger in universality.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a bottom-opening type open-top box, which comprises a box body, wherein the top of the box body is open, at least one group of bottom-opening door assemblies are arranged at the bottom of the box body, each bottom-opening door assembly comprises a bottom-opening door plate, one side of each bottom-opening door plate is hinged with the box body, and the other side of each bottom-opening door plate is provided with a door bolt assembly; the side part of the box body is provided with a lock hook assembly, and when the bottom-opening door panel is closed, the lock hook assembly is clamped with the door bolt assembly for locking; the spring box is arranged below the box body corresponding to the bottom-opening door and is obliquely arranged, and when the bottom-opening door plate is opened, the spring box supports the bottom-opening door plate to play a role in buffering.

As a further technical scheme, the spring box comprises a fixed box, the top of the fixed box is provided with an opening, a spring is arranged in the fixed box, the top of the spring supports a floating box, and the top of the floating box extends out of the opening of the fixed box.

As a further technical scheme, the side part of the fixed box is provided with a connecting hole, the side part of the floating box is provided with a long round hole, a fastener is arranged in the connecting hole and the long round hole in a penetrating mode so as to limit the floating box, and the floating box can float up and down in the fixed box.

As a further technical scheme, the lock hook assembly comprises a lock hook, the lock hook is hinged with a lock hook seat, and the lock hook can rotate to be clamped or separated from the door bolt assembly; the lock hook seat is further hinged with the sector plate, and the sector plate can rotate to contact with the side of the lock hook to realize self-locking or be separated from the lock hook.

As a further technical scheme, the lock hook comprises a lock hook plate, the side part of the lock hook plate is provided with an upper boss and a lower boss, a set included angle is formed between the upper boss and the side part of the lock hook plate, the lower boss is arranged below the side of the upper boss, and a set included angle is formed between the lower boss and the upper boss.

As a further technical scheme, the fan-shaped plate is provided with an arc-shaped end face to be abutted against the side part of the lock hook, and the fan-shaped plate is also vertically provided with a blocking column.

As a further technical scheme, round holes are formed in the corresponding positions of the lock hook and the lock hook seat, a pin stopping chain is fixedly arranged on the lock hook seat, and the pin stopping chain can be inserted into the round holes to limit the position of the lock hook.

As a further technical scheme, the bottom opening door assembly is provided with two bottom opening door plates, the two bottom opening door plates form a split door mode, and the two bottom opening door plates are opened towards the side part of the box body.

As a further technical scheme, the bottom of the box body is provided with a middle beam, the bottom-opening door plate is hinged to the middle beam, the middle beam is horizontally arranged and connected with a web plate, the web plate is vertically arranged, and the spring box is fixedly arranged on the web plate.

As a further technical scheme, the web plate is fixedly connected with the ballast retaining plate, the ballast retaining plate and the web plate are perpendicular to each other, the ballast retaining plate and the spring box are arranged in parallel, the web plate is fixedly connected with the first flow guide plate, the first flow guide plate is obliquely arranged below the ballast retaining plate, and the end part of the ballast retaining plate is provided with the second flow guide plate.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an operating method of the bottom-opening open-top box, which includes the following steps:

when bulk goods are transported, the opening and closing of the bottom door assembly is utilized to control the loading and unloading state of the box body, and the bottom door plate bears the bulk goods in the closed state of the bottom door assembly, so that the bulk goods are loaded and transported; under the state that the bottom opening door assembly is opened, materials carried by the bottom opening door plate can slide along the bottom opening door plate under the action of gravity, so that unloading is realized;

when transporting goods, the bottom-opening door is closed, the goods are placed in the box body, and the bottom-opening door plate holds the goods.

The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention are as follows:

the bottom-opening door type open-top box has the advantages of open top arrangement, large loading area, convenient multi-mode intermodal switched transportation mode, high modularization degree, capability of loading bulk goods and piece goods and good universality; when bulk goods are shipped, the loading and unloading states of the bulk goods are controlled through the opening and closing of the bottom opening door assembly, the bulk goods can be loaded when the bottom opening door assembly is closed, and the bulk goods loaded by the bottom opening door assembly can slide down and leave the box body under the action of gravity when the bottom opening door assembly is opened. When the shipment piece is loaded with goods, the bottom opening door is closed to form the common open-top box.

The bottom-opening door type open-top box has the advantages that the top of the box body is open, the loading area is large, the goods are conveniently loaded and transported, and multi-mode combined transportation for one-time loading and multi-time transportation can be realized; the bottom of the box body is provided with the bottom-opening door, when the bottom-opening door plate is opened, the inclination angle of the bottom-opening door can ensure that bulk materials in the box body can be automatically discharged along the bottom-opening door, and the loading and unloading efficiency is high; the bottom-opening door plate is in contact with the spring box, the impact on the box body in the moment that the bottom-opening door assembly is opened can be reduced by the spring box, and the bottom-opening door assembly plays a role in buffering when being opened.

According to the bottom-opening door type open-top box disclosed by the invention, the boss arranged on the lock hook can support the bottom-opening door plate, and the lock hook assembly can realize self-locking through the matching of the fan-shaped plate and the lock hook, so that the bottom-opening door plate is locked.

According to the bottom-opening type open-top box, due to the arrangement of the ballast blocking plate and the flow guide plate, bulk materials can be guided under the working condition that the bottom opening door is opened for discharging, and then self-discharging is realized.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a closed configuration of a top-opening and bottom-opening door according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 at B;

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a side wall construction according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial view of a small beam assembly according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a shackle according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a right sector plate according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a detent chain assembly according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of an end wall according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a bottom frame according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of a mid-frame construction according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the construction of an end closure plate according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a folder according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a spring box according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of a bottom opening door assembly according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a hinge assembly according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 18 is a schematic representation of a right keeper assembly according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 19 is a schematic illustration of the construction of a left keeper according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

fig. 20 is a schematic structural view of a baffle according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a schematic view of an open top and bottom door assembly according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a front view of FIG. 21;

FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 22;

in the figure: the mutual spacing or size is exaggerated to show the position of each part, and the schematic diagram is only used for illustration;

wherein, 1, side wall, 1-1, end upright post, 1-2 middle upright post, 1-3 angle piece, 1-4 angle piece, 1-5 side wall upper side beam, 1-6 small beam, 1-6-1 small beam, 1-6-2 left latch hook seat, 1-6-3 right latch hook seat, 1-6-4 rivet, 1-6-5 latch hook, 1-6-5-1 upper boss, 1-6-5-2 lower boss, 1-6-5-3 upper circular hole, 1-6-5-4 middle circular hole, 1-6-6 pin chain component, 1-6-6-1 chain pin fixing ring, 1-6-6-2 pin chain, 1-6-6-3 pin chain, 1-6-6-4 stop pin, 1-6-6-5 stop pin hook, 1-6-7 washer, 1-6-8 nut, 1-6-9 bolt, 1-6-10 right sector plate, 1-6-10-1 baffle column, 1-6-11 large washer, 1-6-12 left sector plate, 1-6-13 lifting ring, 1-7 side wall short column, 1-8 side wall corrugated plate, 1-9 discharge port, 2 end wall, 2-1 end wall corrugated plate, 2-2 end wall end beam, 3 bottom frame, 3-1 bottom frame end beam, 3-2 lower side beams, 3-3 corner pieces, 3-4 corner pieces, 3-5 bottom frame small cross beams, 4 middle frames, 4-1 middle beams, 4-2 large cross beam columns, 4-3 large cross beams, 4-4 large cross beam webs, 4-5 large cross beam ballast blocking plates, 4-6 small guide plates, 4-7 end sealing plate assemblies, 4-7-1 first end sealing plate, 4-7-2 second end sealing plate assemblies, 4-8 large cross beam upper cover plate, 4-9 folding seats, 4-10 spring boxes, 4-10-1 springs, 4-10-2 fixed box side panels and 4-10-3 fixed box bottom panels, 4-10-4 of fixed box upper front panel, 4-10-5 of fixed box upper rear panel, 4-10-6 of floating box side panel, 4-10-7 of floating box front rear panel, 4-10-8 of floating box upper panel, 4-10-9 of pin, 4-10-10 of round tube, 5 of bottom opening door component, 5-1 of long beam, 5-2 of short beam, 5-3 of long longitudinal beam, 5-4 of bottom opening door panel, 5-5 of reinforcing plate, 5-6 of short longitudinal beam, 5-7 of hinge component, 5-7-1 of hinge, 5-7-2 of pin, 5-7-3 of washer, 5-7-4 of split pin, 5-8 of right door bolt component, 5-8-1 of right door bolt, 5-8-2 of a door bolt vertical plate, 5-9 of a left door bolt, 5-9-1 of the left door bolt, 6 of a connecting beam and 7 of a guide plate.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the invention expressly state otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;

for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with the directions of up, down, left and right of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

The terms "mounted", "connected", "fixed", and the like in the present invention should be understood broadly, and for example, the terms "mounted", "connected", "fixed", and the like may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; the two components can be connected mechanically or electrically, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, or connected internally or in an interaction relationship, and the terms used in the present invention should be understood as having specific meanings to those skilled in the art.

As introduced by the background technology, automatic unloading can be realized by loading bulk goods by railway bottom-door open top cars and hopper cars, but the switching transportation mode of highway and railway transportation still needs reloading, so that the limitation of low modularization degree exists, the unloading of a common open top box needs to be lifted by a forklift or lifted by a lifting appliance, certain auxiliary facilities are needed, the conventional side-door open top box only can load the bulk goods, and the universality is poor.

The first embodiment is as follows:

in a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a bottom-opening type open-top box is provided, which comprises a box body, a bottom-opening door assembly and the like, and can transport bulk goods and piece goods.

When bulk goods are transported, the opening and closing of the bottom door assembly is utilized to control the loading and unloading state of the container, and the bottom door plate can bear the bulk goods and can be used for loading and transporting when the bottom door assembly is closed; under the state that the bottom-opening door is formed to open, the material that bottom-opening door plant bore can slide along bottom-opening door plant under the action of gravity, flows through the discharge gate, realizes unloading. When the transportation piece is used for loading goods, the bottom opening door is closed, and the container can be used as a common container.

The box body is of a cuboid structure and comprises two side walls 1 arranged in parallel, end walls 2 arranged at two ends of the two side walls, a bottom frame 3 arranged at the bottoms of the side walls and the end walls, and a middle frame 4 connected with the side walls, the end walls and the bottom frame.

The top of the box body is opened to be used as a charging hole, the area of the charging hole is large, and the charging efficiency is high.

The bottom opening door assembly 5 is hinged and can rotate with the middle frame, and is used for bearing materials or discharging materials.

A plurality of connecting beams 6 are arranged between the side wall upper side beams 1-5 of the two side walls and used for increasing the structural strength and rigidity of the whole box body. The guide plate 7 is fixedly connected with a large beam web 4-4 of the middle frame and a lower side beam 3-2 of the bottom frame.

As shown in fig. 5, the side wall 1 comprises two end upright columns 1-1 arranged in parallel, a plurality of middle upright columns 1-2 are arranged between the two end upright columns, the middle upright columns are arranged in parallel with the end upright columns, the top ends of the two end upright columns are fixedly connected with the two ends of an upper side beam 1-5 of the side wall through corner pieces 1-3 and corner pieces 1-4, and the top ends of the middle upright columns are fixedly connected with the upper side beam of the side wall; the box body is characterized in that small cross beam assemblies 1-6 are arranged between the end part stand columns and the adjacent middle part stand columns, and between the two adjacent middle part stand columns, the small cross beam assemblies are positioned below the side beams on the side walls and are parallel to the side beams on the side walls, side wall short stand columns 1-7 are arranged between the small cross beam assemblies and the side beams on the side walls, the strength and the rigidity of the box body are enhanced by the side wall short stand columns, side wall corrugated plates 1-8 are arranged in spaces among the end part stand columns, the side wall short stand columns, the small cross beam assemblies and the side beams on the side walls, the side wall corrugated plates are arranged in spaces among the middle part stand columns, the side wall short stand columns, the small cross beam assemblies and the side beams on the side walls, and the space below the small cross beam assemblies is used as a discharge port 1-9. In this embodiment, each side wall is provided with four discharge ports.

As shown in FIG. 6, the small beam assembly 1-6 comprises a small beam 1-6-1, and the left latch hook seat 1-6-2 and the right latch hook seat 1-6-3 are respectively connected with the small beam by rivets 1-6-4, and in other embodiments, can be fixed by bolts, welding, and the like.

The locking hook 1-6-5 and the pin stopping chain 1-6-6 on the right side are connected with the small beam and the right locking hook seat through a gasket 1-6-7, a nut 1-6-8 and a bolt 1-6-9; the left latch hook is connected with the small beam and the left latch hook seat through a gasket, a nut and a bolt. The left latch hook and the right latch hook are arranged at a certain distance, and the latch hook can rotate around the bolt. The right sector plate 1-6-10 is connected with the small beam and the right latch hook seat through a large washer 1-6-11, a nut and a bolt, and the right sector plate can rotate around the bolt. The left sector plate 1-6-12 is connected with the small beam through a washer, a nut and a bolt, and the left sector plate can rotate around the bolt. The hanging rings 1-6-13 are welded with the small cross beam and are arranged between the left and right locking hooks.

The left sector plate and the right sector plate have the same structure, and the right sector plate is taken as an example to be explained as follows: the right fan-shaped plate is provided with an arc-shaped end face, and the arc-shaped end face can be in butt fit with the side face of the right lock hook, so that the lock hook is tightly propped for limiting; the right sector plate is further provided with a retaining column 1-6-10-1, the retaining column is vertically arranged on the surface of the right sector plate, and through the arrangement of the retaining column, when the right sector plate rotates and abuts against the right lock hook, the retaining column is retained on the side portion of the right lock hook seat, so that the limiting is realized, and the situation that the right sector plate cannot be reliably matched with the lock hook due to the fact that the rotating angle of the right sector plate is too large can be avoided.

The structure of the lock hooks 1-6-5 is shown in fig. 7, the lock hooks can be in the form of castings, forgings or steel plates and the like, and the lock hooks can be in the structure with thick edges and thin middle parts and can also be in the same thickness.

The lock hook comprises a lock hook plate, wherein the side part of the lock hook plate is provided with an upper boss 1-6-5-1 and a lower boss 1-6-5-2, a set included angle is formed between the upper boss and the side part of the lock hook plate, the upper boss is obliquely arranged on the side part of the lock hook plate, and when the bottom-opening door assembly is closed, the upper boss is clamped at the bottom of a door bolt formed by the bottom-opening door assembly, so that the bottom-opening door assembly is locked; the lower boss is arranged below the side of the upper boss, a set included angle is formed between the lower boss and the upper boss, the lower boss is obliquely arranged on the side portion of the upper boss, when the bottom-opening door is to be closed, the bottom-opening door is lifted, and a door bolt formed by the bottom-opening door is hung on the lower boss to play a role in transition.

The height and width of the lower boss are smaller than those of the upper boss.

The top of the lock hook is provided with an upper round hole 1-6-5-3, and the upper round hole of the lock hook is hinged with the lock hook seat.

As shown in FIG. 9, the stop pin chain assembly 1-6-6 comprises a chain pin fixing ring 1-6-6-1, a pin chain 1-6-6-2, a pin chain 1-6-6-3, a stop pin 1-6-6-4 and a stop pin hook 1-6-6-5. Two pin chains 1-6-6-2 are arranged, a plurality of pin chains 1-6-6-3 are connected between the two pin chains 1-6-6-2, one pin chain 1-6-6-2 is connected with a chain pin fixing ring 1-6-1, the other pin chain 1-6-6-2 is connected with a stop pin 1-6-6-4, and the pin chains 1-6-6-2 are connected with stop pin hooks 1-6-6-5. Through the arrangement of the pin stopping hook, when the pin stopping chain is not needed, the pin stopping hook can be hung to positions such as a small cross beam, and the pin stopping chain is prevented from shaking and colliding with other parts to be damaged in the driving process.

The middle part of the lock hook is provided with a middle round hole 1-6-5-4, the middle part of the lock hook seat is also provided with a round hole, the lock hook can rotate to the middle round hole of the lock hook to be concentric with the round hole of the lock hook seat, and then a stop pin formed by a stop pin chain penetrates through the round hole of the lock hook seat and the middle round hole of the lock hook, so that the lock hook can be limited.

As shown in fig. 10, the end wall 2 is composed of end wall corrugated plates 2-1 and end wall upper end beams 2-2. The end wall corrugated plate 2-1 is vertically arranged, and the top of the end wall corrugated plate 2-1 is fixedly connected with the end wall upper end beam 2-2.

The end wall upper end beam is fixedly connected with the side wall through the corner piece, and the end wall corrugated plate is fixedly connected with the side wall end part stand column.

As shown in FIG. 11, the bottom frame 3 comprises a rectangular frame formed by connecting bottom frame end beams 3-1 and lower side beams 3-2 through corner pieces 3-3 and 3-4. A plurality of bottom frame small cross beams 3-5 are arranged between the two lower side beams. The bottom frame is fixedly connected with the side wall end part upright post through the corner pieces 3-3 and the corner pieces 3-4, the lower side beam is fixedly connected with the side wall middle part upright post, and the bottom frame end beam is fixedly connected with the end wall corrugated plate.

In other some embodiments, the side wall, the headwall also can adopt monoblock steel sheet, and the box comprises the steel sheet welding, and in this embodiment, side wall and headwall all have corrugated plate structure, and intensity is high, and the corrugated plate setting has improved intensity and rigidity between the roof beam.

As shown in fig. 12, the middle frame 4 includes a center sill 4-1, which may be formed by H-beam or plate splicing welding. The middle beam is connected with a large beam upright post 4-2 and a large beam 4-3, and the large beam upright post is connected with a bottom frame end beam and a bottom frame small beam.

The vertical setting of crossbeam stand, well roof beam, the equal level of crossbeam set up, and well roof beam and crossbeam mutually perpendicular set up. The large cross beams close to the two ends are connected with the middle beam and the upright columns at the end parts of the side walls, and the large cross beams close to the middle part are connected with the middle beam and the upright columns at the middle parts of the side walls.

The large beam web 4-4 near the two ends is connected with the large beam, the large beam column, the bottom frame small beam and the side wall end column. The large beam web plates close to the two ends of the middle part are connected with the large beam, the large beam upright post, the small beam of the bottom frame and the upright post in the middle part of the side wall. The large beam web 4-4 is vertically arranged, and the large beam web 4-4 is vertically arranged with the middle beam 4-1.

The large beam ballast blocking plate 4-5 is connected with the large beam and the large beam web, the small guide plate 4-6 positioned at the end part is connected with the large beam web, the large beam ballast blocking plate and the side wall end upright post, and the small guide plate positioned at the middle part is connected with the large beam web, the large beam ballast blocking plate and the side wall middle upright post. The large-beam ballast blocking plate 4-5 and the large-beam web plate 4-4 are perpendicular to each other, the large-beam ballast blocking plate 4-5 is connected to the side portion of the large-beam web plate 4-4, the large-beam ballast blocking plate 4-5 is arranged in an inclined mode, and a set included angle is formed between the large-beam ballast blocking plate 4-5 and the horizontal direction.

Under the condition that the bottom-opening door assembly is opened for discharging, the large-beam ballast blocking plate and the small guide plate play a role in guiding bulk materials at the edge of the bottom-opening door plate. The end sealing plate assemblies 4-7 are connected with the large cross beam, the middle beam and the small cross beam at the end part of the side wall and the end wall corrugated plate at the end part to play a role in sealing.

The three large-beam upper cover plates 4-8 are respectively connected with the three large beams close to the middle part, the width of the large-beam upper cover plate is wider than that of the large beams, and the large-beam upper cover plate mainly plays a role in sealing under the working condition that the bottom-opening door is closed. The folding seats 4-9 are fixedly connected with the middle beam, the spring boxes 4-10 are fixedly connected with the large beam web, the spring boxes are arranged at the bottoms of the large beam ballast blocking plates, and the impact on the box body can be reduced in the moment that the bottom opening door is opened for unloading.

As shown in fig. 13, the end plate assembly 4-7 is formed by welding a first end plate 4-7-1 and a second end plate 4-7-2, and the profiles of the first end plate and the second end plate are matched with the cross section of the end wall corrugated plate, so that the welding quality is ensured and the sealing function is achieved. The first end sealing plate is flat-plate-shaped, and the side part of the second end sealing plate is corrugated to be closely matched with the corrugated plate to realize sealing.

The folding seats 4-9 are constructed as shown in fig. 14, and the folding seats can be made of cast parts, or can be made of steel plate pieces in splicing mode or other structural forms.

As shown in FIG. 15, the spring box 4-10 comprises springs 4-10-1, fixed box side panels 4-10-2, fixed box bottom panels 4-10-3, fixed box upper front panels 4-10-4, fixed box upper rear panels 4-10-5 which are welded into a fixed box, floating box side panels 4-10-6, floating box front and rear panels 4-10-7, and floating box upper panels 4-10-8 which are welded into a floating box.

The top of the fixed box is provided with an opening, the lower part of the floating box is arranged in the fixed box, the upper part of the floating box exceeds the fixed box, and the bottom of the floating box is supported by a spring.

The side panel of the floating box is provided with a long round hole, the side panel of the fixed box is provided with a round hole, a pin 4-10-9 penetrates into the round hole, the pin is inserted into the long round hole of the side panel of the floating box, the floating box can float up and down in the fixed box, and the pin plays a role in limiting the displacement of the floating box. In other embodiments, a bolt and nut connection may be used instead of a pin.

The bottom panel of the fixed box is welded with a round tube 4-10-10 to limit the position of the spring, and the spring is sleeved on the outer side of the round tube. The length and rigidity of the spring are selected so that the length of the spring will be pressed into the spring box in a compressed state under the working condition that the bottom-opening door is opened when the container is fully loaded. The initial length of the spring is not longer than the length of the spring box. In the moment of unloading by opening the bottom opening door, the bottom opening door assembly is pressed on the upper panel of the floating box to support the bottom opening door assembly, and the spring plays a role in buffering.

As shown in fig. 16, the bottom opening door assembly 5 is a load-bearing member consisting of a long cross beam 5-1, a short cross beam 5-2 and a long longitudinal beam 5-3, and the long cross beam, the short cross beam, the long longitudinal beam and the bottom opening door panel 5-4 are connected. The reinforcing plates 5-5 are connected with the long cross beams and the long longitudinal beams to play a role in reinforcing. The short longitudinal beams 5-6 are connected with the bottom opening door plate, the long transverse beam and the long longitudinal beam. The hinge assemblies 5-7 on the two sides of the bottom opening door assembly are connected with the short longitudinal beam, and the hinge assembly in the middle of the bottom opening door assembly is connected with the long cross beam. The right bolt assembly 5-8 and the left bolt assembly 5-9 are respectively connected with the long beam and the bottom opening door plate.

As shown in FIG. 17, the hinge assembly 5-7 is composed of a hinge 5-7-1, a pin 5-7-2, a washer 5-7-3, and a split pin 5-7-4. The end of the hinge is inserted into the pin, the end of the pin is provided with a gasket, and the split pin blocks the retainer ring. The hinge is rotationally connected with the hinge seats 4-9 through pins, so that the rotation between the bottom opening door assembly and the middle frame is realized.

As shown in FIG. 18, the right keeper assembly 5-8 is composed of a right keeper 5-8-1 and a keeper upright 5-8-2. In this embodiment, the right bolt is a bent piece, and other structural forms can also be adopted. A plurality of vertical keeper plates are fixedly arranged on the side part of the right keeper, and are arranged at intervals and uniformly distributed. The vertical plate of the bolt and the right bolt are arranged vertically. The vertical plate of the bolt plays the role of a reinforcing rib.

As shown in FIG. 19, the left keeper assembly 5-9 is comprised of a left keeper 5-9-1 and a keeper upright 5-8-2. In the embodiment, the left bolt adopts a bending piece, and other structural forms can also be adopted. A plurality of keeper risers are fixed to left keeper lateral part, and a plurality of keeper risers interval and equipartition set up. The vertical plate of the bolt and the left bolt are arranged vertically.

As shown in fig. 20, in the embodiment, the baffle 7 is made of a bent piece, and reinforcing ribs may be added to improve the strength and rigidity of the baffle.

With reference to fig. 3, the guide plate 7 is also obliquely arranged, the guide plate can be arranged in parallel with the large-beam ballast blocking plate, the guide plate is fixed below the large-beam ballast blocking plate, a gap is formed between the guide plate and the large-beam ballast blocking plate, and the guide plate can play a role in guiding materials when the bottom opening door is opened to discharge materials.

Fig. 21 is a schematic structural view of the open state of the bottom-opening door of the present invention, and the working principle of the opening of the bottom-opening door of the present invention is explained with reference to fig. 21 to fig. 23: when the bottom-opening door is opened, the right sector plate is rotated anticlockwise to be separated from an eccentric self-locking state, the right latch hook is knocked by a hand hammer or other tools to be separated from the right door bolt, the right latch hook is rotated to enable a round hole in the middle of the right latch hook seat to be concentric with a round hole in the right latch hook seat, and a stop pin formed by a stop pin chain penetrates through the round hole in the right latch hook seat to be inserted into the round hole in the middle of the latch hook. The left sector plate is rotated clockwise, the left latch hook is knocked by a hand hammer to be rotated to be separated from the left door bolt, and the bottom-opening door assembly is automatically opened under the action of gravity. The bottom-opening door assembly rotates around the folding seat after being opened and falls on the upper panel of the spring box floating box, and the spring has a buffering effect. Bulk materials in the container slide down along the bottom-opening door plate under the action of gravity, and the large-beam ballast blocking plate, the guide plate and the small guide plate play a role in guiding the bulk materials to realize unloading.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a closed state of a bottom-opening door, and the working principle of the bottom-opening door of the present invention is explained with reference to fig. 1 to 3: when the bottom-opening door is closed, the stop pin formed by the stop pin chain is firstly pulled out to enable the right lock hook to be in a naturally drooping state, then the bottom-opening door is lifted, the left door bolt is hung on a boss at the lower part of the left lock hook, and the right door bolt is hung on a boss at the lower part of the right lock hook. The bottom-opening door is lifted by a prying roller penetrating through a hanging ring on the side beam, so that the left door bolt is hung on an upper boss of the left latch hook, and the right door bolt is hung on an upper boss of the right latch hook. And lightly knocking the latch hook along the latch hook closing direction by using a hand hammer to ensure that the latch hook is well locked. The left sector plate is rotated clockwise, the right sector plate is rotated anticlockwise, the left sector plate and the right sector plate are positioned at locking positions, and a stop pin hook formed by a stop pin chain can be hung on a hole in the middle of the right lock hook seat. This state is a "loading" state, and the container can be loaded.

Example two:

when the transportation piece is loaded with goods, the bottom-opening door is closed, and the container is integrally in the form shown in figures 1-3 and can be used as a common open top container for loading the goods.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A bottom-opening door type open-top box is characterized by being used for multi-type combined transportation, one-time loading and multiple transportation, and comprising a box body, wherein the top of the box body is open, at least one group of bottom-opening doors are arranged at the bottom of the box body, each bottom-opening door comprises a bottom-opening door plate, one side of each bottom-opening door plate is hinged with the box body, and the other side of each bottom-opening door plate is provided with a door bolt; the side part of the box body is provided with a lock hook assembly, and when the bottom-opening door panel is closed, the lock hook assembly is clamped with the door bolt assembly to be locked; the spring box is arranged below the box body corresponding to the bottom opening door and is obliquely arranged, and when the bottom opening door plate is opened, the spring box supports the bottom opening door plate to play a role in buffering;

the spring box comprises a fixed box, the top of the fixed box is provided with an opening, a spring is arranged in the fixed box, the top of the spring supports the floating box, and the top of the floating box extends out of the opening of the fixed box; the side part of the fixed box is provided with a connecting hole, the side part of the floating box is provided with a long circular hole, a fastener is penetrated through the connecting hole and the long circular hole to limit the floating box, and the floating box can float up and down in the fixed box;

the bottom opening door assembly is provided with two bottom opening door plates which form a split door type and are opened towards the side part of the box body;

the bottom of the box body is provided with a middle beam, the bottom-opening door plate is hinged with the middle beam, the middle beam is horizontally arranged, the middle beam is connected with a web plate, the web plate is vertically arranged, and the spring box is fixedly arranged on the web plate;

the web plate is fixedly connected with the ballast blocking plate, the ballast blocking plate and the web plate are perpendicular to each other, the ballast blocking plate and the spring box are arranged in parallel, the web plate is fixedly connected with the first flow guide plate, the first flow guide plate is obliquely arranged below the ballast blocking plate, and the end part of the ballast blocking plate is provided with the second flow guide plate; the spring box is arranged at the bottom of the ballast blocking plate;

the lock hook assembly comprises a lock hook, the lock hook is hinged with a lock hook seat, and the lock hook can rotate to be clamped with or separated from the bolt assembly; the lock hook seat is also hinged with the sector plate, and the sector plate can rotate to contact with the side part of the lock hook to realize self-locking or be separated from the lock hook; the latch hook comprises a latch hook plate, wherein the lateral part of the latch hook plate is provided with an upper boss and a lower boss, a set included angle is formed between the upper boss and the lateral part of the latch hook plate, the lower boss is arranged below the side of the upper boss, and a set included angle is formed between the lower boss and the upper boss.

2. The bottom-opening open-top box as claimed in claim 1, wherein said sector plate has an arcuate end surface for abutting against a side of the latch hook, and the sector plate is further provided with a catch vertically; the lock hook is characterized in that round holes are formed in the corresponding positions of the lock hook and the lock hook seat, the lock hook seat is fixedly provided with a pin stopping chain, and the pin stopping chain can be inserted into the round holes to limit the position of the lock hook.

3. The method of operating a bottom-opening open-top box according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the method is used for multiple intermodal, single-charge, multiple transfer, comprising the steps of:

when bulk goods are transported, the loading and unloading state of the box body is controlled by utilizing the opening and closing of the bottom opening door assembly, and the bottom opening door plate bears the bulk goods for loading and transporting under the condition that the bottom opening door assembly is closed; under the state that the bottom opening door assembly is opened, materials carried by the bottom opening door plate can slide along the bottom opening door plate under the action of gravity, so that unloading is realized;

when transporting goods, the bottom-opening door is closed, the goods are placed in the box body, and the bottom-opening door plate holds the goods.

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