CN112934909B - Multi-stage multi-state modification electric field separator for pomace plastic - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-stage polymorphic modification electric field separator for pomace plastic, which can separate pomace and plastic mixed together after juicing is finished, so that the separated pomace is convenient to carry out composting treatment and further processed into feed, and meanwhile, the plastic is recycled and is injected again to form a new plastic product. The multi-stage multi-state modification electric field separator for the pomace plastic comprises a dryer, a crusher, a secondary dryer, a high-speed cutting machine, a wind power separation box, a reducing turbulent flow charged area and a separation area which are sequentially arranged, wherein the mixture of the pomace and the plastic is sequentially separated through the areas.

Description

Multi-stage multi-state modification electric field separator for pomace plastic

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture and food deep processing equipment, in particular to a multi-stage polymorphic modification electric field separator for pomace plastic.

Background

In recent years, with the increasing of the yield of apples, the protection technology of apple for fruit growers is more and more mature, wherein bagging the apple is a good and widely applied technology. The apple is bagged, so that the harm of pests can be effectively prevented, the pest and fruit rate is reduced, the pesticide residue and harmful dust pollution are reduced, the fruit surface is bright and clean, the color is bright, the taste is pure, the freshness date is long, and the grade and the commodity rate of the fruit are improved. The juice producer puts apples purchased from fruit growers directly into the juice production machine. However, since the prior juice press does not consider a plastic bag wrapped around the apple, the plastic bag is crushed together with the apple and mixed in the final pomace during the production process. Because the fruit residues contain a large amount of plastic fragments, the fruit residues cannot be utilized and only can be rotten or treated as wastes, thereby causing environmental pollution. The pure pomace can be processed by composting to be processed into feed, thereby realizing the resource utilization of the pomace. With the annual increase of fruit juice production, the yield of pomace is increased, so the development of equipment for separating pomace from plastics is the key for recycling pomace and reducing environmental pressure.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a multi-stage polymorphic modification electric field separator for pomace plastic, which can separate pomace and plastic mixed together after juicing is finished, so that the separated pomace is convenient to carry out composting treatment and further processed into feed, and meanwhile, the plastic is recycled and is injected again to form a new plastic product.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the multi-stage multi-state modification electric field separator for the pomace plastic comprises a dryer, a crusher, a secondary dryer, a high-speed cutting machine, a wind power separation box, a reducing turbulent flow charging area and a separation area which are sequentially arranged, wherein the mixture of the pomace and the plastic sequentially passes through the areas to be separated.

As a preferred embodiment, the dryer is provided with a feed inlet, a stirring paddle for stirring and conveying materials is arranged in the dryer, a fan for blowing hot air into the dryer is further arranged at the lower part of the dryer, and a negative pressure fan for discharging moisture is arranged at the upper part of the dryer;

the crusher is positioned right below the dryer, and the mixture of the pomace and the plastics falls into the crusher after being pre-dried by the dryer.

As a preferred embodiment, the crusher comprises a plurality of rollers with protrusions, the rollers are divided into a plurality of layers and are arranged in a staggered manner in the vertical direction, a gap is reserved between every two adjacent rollers, and the rotation directions of every two adjacent rollers are opposite and located at the same height;

the secondary dryer is positioned under the crusher, and the mixture of the pomace and the plastics falls into the secondary dryer after being extruded and crushed by the crusher.

As a preferable embodiment, a stirring blade for stirring and conveying the material is arranged in the secondary dryer, a fan for blowing hot air into the secondary dryer is further arranged at the lower part of the secondary dryer, and a negative pressure fan for discharging moisture is arranged at the upper part of the secondary dryer;

the high-speed cutting machine is positioned right below the secondary dryer, and the mixture of the pomace and the plastics falls into the high-speed cutting machine after being dried by the secondary dryer.

As a preferred embodiment, a plurality of groups of rotating cutters are arranged in the high-speed cutting machine and used for cutting the dropped plastic chips into narrow strips;

the pneumatic separation box is positioned on one side of the high-speed cutting machine, and the other side of the high-speed cutting machine is provided with a first fan used for blowing a mixture of the fruit residues and the plastics falling from the high-speed cutting machine into the pneumatic separation box.

As a preferred embodiment, the radial size of the wind power separation box is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the lower end of the wind power separation box is connected with a large-grain fruit residue collection box;

a vertical large-hole intercepting net is arranged on the right side of the wind power separation box and used for blocking large-particle fruit residues, and the rest of the mixture of the small and medium-particle fruit residues and the plastic fragments passes through the large-hole intercepting net and enters a diameter-variable turbulent flow charged area;

and the lower part of the wind power separation box is also provided with a second fan facing the large-hole intercepting net, and the second fan is used for blowing a small part of dropped mixture of small and medium-sized particle fruit residues and plastic fragments into the large-hole intercepting net.

As a preferred embodiment, the reducing turbulent current charged area comprises two conical tubes which are oppositely arranged and are mutually communicated, the radial size of the reducing turbulent current charged area is reduced and then increased, and a conical electrode is further arranged in the reducing turbulent current charged area with the gradually increased radial size;

the two conical tubes are provided with direct current voltage, and the conical electrodes are provided with negative electricity.

As a preferred embodiment, the separation zone comprises four layers of horizontal separators arranged up and down, an upper channel, a middle channel and a lower channel are formed between the four layers of horizontal separators, and the tapered electrode is aligned with the middle channel in the horizontal direction;

an ultrasonic transmitter, a hot melting net, a glue mist sprayer and an electrode net are sequentially arranged in the upper channel, the ultrasonic transmitter faces the hot melting net, a plurality of meshes are formed in the hot melting net, the glue mist sprayer faces the hot melting net and sprays mixed liquid of red lotus colloid and sludge humic acid extracting solution to a mixture of pomace plastics, a plurality of holes are formed in the negative charge of the electrode net, direct-current voltage is further arranged on the electrode net, a wet discharge plate which is obliquely arranged at the downstream of the electrode net and a humidifying sprayer which faces the wet discharge plate are further arranged in the upper channel, a first collecting box communicated with the upper space of the upper channel and a second collecting box communicated with the lower space of the upper channel are further arranged at the tail end of the upper channel, and negative pressure fans are arranged at the positions of the first collecting box and the second collecting box;

the middle channel comprises a vertically arranged discharge net, the discharge net is positively charged and has direct-current voltage, a plurality of rectangular holes are formed in the discharge net, the lower end of the discharge net is connected with a fourth collecting box through a collecting channel, a vertical blocking plate is further arranged behind the discharge net, the lower end of the blocking plate is connected with a third collecting box through a collecting channel, and negative-pressure fans are arranged at the third collecting box and the fourth collecting box;

the structure in the lower passage is consistent with that of the upper passage, the tail end of the lower passage is provided with a fifth collecting box communicated with the upper space of the lower passage and a sixth collecting box communicated with the lower space of the lower passage, and the fifth collecting box and the sixth collecting box are both provided with negative pressure fans.

After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the equipment used by the invention integrates multiple technologies such as drying, crushing, high-speed cutting, winnowing, intercepting net, hot melting net, modified electric sorting, ultrasonic wet turbulent flow resonance separator, atomized colloid hydrophilic modification-water locking process and wet discharge plate, can implement multi-stage polymorphic modification on the fruit residue plastic mixture, finally realizes accurate sorting, improves the sorting effect of plastics and fruit residues, and is an innovation of the traditional solid waste sorting technology.

2. In the wind power separation box, the novel wind power conveying system provides a horizontal airflow and a 37-degree composite wind field obliquely above, and the mixture can be separated into two types: (1) large-particle pomace (including kernel, nut and large-block pomace); (2) a mixture of small and medium-sized fruit residues and plastic chips.

3. A radial separation electric field arranged behind the wind power separation box adopts a novel reducing turbulent flow charged area and a conical electrode to construct a special electric field with a circumference distributed radially, and the gravity effect is considered, so that the partition motion of plastic fragments and fruit residue particles can be realized, and small plastic pieces, large plastic pieces and fruit residues are promoted to enter different channels.

4. The discharge net and the blocking plate of the middle channel can realize the separation of charged plastic fragments and uncharged pomace particles.

5. The hot melting net and the ultrasonic transmitter of the upper passage, the front positive pressure airflow and the rear negative pressure airflow jointly form a thermal turbulence separator, so that the separation degree of plastic fragments and pomace powder can be improved, and tiny plastic particles are prevented from being adhered to be mixed into the pomace powder. Meanwhile, the plastic is made into a regular strip shape, which is helpful for further realizing the separation of plastic fragments and pomace powder in the subsequent process.

6. The glue fog spraying device provides a novel hydrophilic modification-water locking process for atomized glue, realizes modification of hydrophilicity and conductivity of plastic filaments and pomace powder, reduces conductivity of the plastic filaments, and improves conductivity of the pomace powder; so that the plastic wires are in a 'difficult-to-conduct state' and the pomace powder is in a 'easy-to-conduct state'. Meanwhile, when the atomized colloid is heated, a film-shaped shell-sheath structure can be quickly formed on the surface of the pomace powder particles, the water locking effect is exerted, the internal water of the pomace powder can be properly locked, and the situation that the pomace powder is heated in a melting area and the internal temperature of the particles is high so that the pomace powder loses water too quickly is avoided. The above processes are all beneficial to realizing the sorting of plastics and fruit residues under the controlled state at the subsequent electrode mesh.

7. The colloid component of the atomized colloid consists of the red heart lotus colloid and the sludge humic acid extraction liquid, is a novel biomass raw material product, and has the characteristic of environmental friendliness.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the left half of the embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the right half of the embodiment;

in the figure: 1-a dryer; 11-a feed inlet; 12-stirring blade; 13-a fan; 14-a negative pressure fan; 2-a crusher; 21-rolling a roller; 3-secondary dryer; 4-a high-speed cutter; 41-a cutter; 5-a wind power sorting box; 51-a large-grain pomace collecting box; 52-large-hole intercepting net; 53-a second fan; 6-reducing turbulent charged zone; 61-a conical tube; 62-a tapered electrode; 7-a separation zone; 71-a first horizontal partition; 72-a second horizontal partition; 73-a third horizontal partition; 74-a fourth horizontal partition; 75-upper channel; 76-a middle channel; 77-lower channel; 78-ultrasonic generator; 79-hot melt mesh; 710-glue mist sprayer; 711-electrode mesh; 712-a humidification spray head; 713-wet discharge plate; 714-first collection tank; 715-a second collection box; 716-discharge network; 717-barrier plates; 718-a third collection tank; 719-fourth collection tank; 720-a fifth collection box; 721-a sixth collection box; 8-a first fan;

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the present invention is an embodiment of a multi-stage multi-state modification electric field separator for pomace plastics, which mainly comprises the following parts: the device comprises a dryer 1, a crusher 2, a secondary dryer 3, a high-speed cutting machine 4, a wind power separation box 5, a variable-diameter turbulent flow charging area 6 and a separation area 7, which are sequentially arranged, so that the mixture of the pomace and the plastics sequentially passes through the areas to realize separation, namely, the mixture sequentially passes through the following processes: pre-drying, crushing, secondary drying, high speed cutting, air separation, the main components of which are described in detail below.

The dryer 1 realizes the function of pre-drying the mixture of the pomace and the plastic, a feed inlet 11 is arranged on the dryer 1, a stirring paddle 12 for stirring and conveying materials is arranged in the dryer 1, a fan 13 for blowing hot air into the dryer 1 is also arranged at the lower part of the dryer, and a negative pressure fan 14 for discharging moisture is arranged at the upper part of the dryer. During operation, the pomace plastic mixture is placed into a feeding hole 11 of the dryer 1, the water content is reduced in the dryer 1, the pomace is convenient to crush in the subsequent process, hot air is blown from the lower part by a fan 13 to dry the material, the hot air heats the air entering the dryer 1 in an electric heating mode, and the air temperature in the dryer 1 is maintained at 55-60 ℃. Simultaneously equipment internally mounted has stirring paddle 12, stirs the material at a slow speed, and stirring paddle 12 here promotes the material thermally equivalent on the one hand, and on the other hand can tentatively smash the apple of being wrapped up by the plastic bag. The upper right portion of the dryer 1 is provided with an air outlet, and the negative pressure fan 14 sucks the air to accelerate the discharge of moisture and improve the drying efficiency. The power of the positive pressure fan 13 is 1.5KW, the power of the negative pressure fan 14 is 1.5KW, the power of the motor of the stirring paddle 12 is 3.5KW, the rotating speed of the stirring paddle 12 is 30rpm, the material is 304 stainless steel, and the moisture content of the pomace can be reduced to 45-50% through the drying process.

Crusher 2 is located desiccator 1 under, and the mixture of pomace and plastics directly falls into crusher 2 after the predrying of desiccator 1 in, 2 main parts of crusher are by 7 running rollers 21 that have the arch and constitute, and running roller 21 diameter 50mm is alternately arranged, and adjacent running roller 21 protruding clearance is 8.5 ~ 10mm, is located same horizontal row, two adjacent running rollers 21 rotate with opposite direction. After the pomace plastic mixture enters the inner cavity of the crusher 2, the pomace plastic mixture is extruded along with the rotation of the roller 21, and gradually falls from the gap of the roller 21, so that the large-particle pomace is crushed, and the pomace is conveniently and fully dried in the next drying link. The motor power of the roller 21 is 3.0KW, and the roller 21 is made of 304 stainless steel.

The secondary dryer 3 is positioned under the crusher 2, and the mixture of the pomace and the plastics is extruded and crushed by the crusher 2 and then directly falls into the secondary dryer 3. Secondary dryer 3's structure is roughly the same with preceding desiccator 1, and desiccator 1 mainly gets rid of the attached water on large granule pomace surface to and realize the primary separation of plastics and large granule pomace, and secondary dryer 3's effect is mainly dried the moisture that the pomace after 2 crushing to crusher released, realizes the drying of plastic fragments simultaneously, "secondary stoving" technology can make pomace moisture content reduce to 25 ~ 30%, and plastic fragments moisture content is close to 0.

The high-speed cutting machine 4 is positioned under the secondary dryer 3, the mixture of the pomace and the plastics directly falls into the high-speed cutting machine 4 after being dried by the secondary dryer 3, 18 groups of sharp cutters 41 are arranged in the high-speed cutting machine 4 and rotate at the rotating speed of 180rpm rapidly to cut the falling plastic fragments, so that the plastic sheets are changed into narrow strips, and the pomace is also cut at the position, but the deformation is not obvious. The motor power of the high-speed cutting machine 4 is 2.0 KW.

The air separation box 5 is positioned at one side of the high-speed cutting machine 4, and the other side of the high-speed cutting machine 4 is provided with a first fan 8 for blowing the mixture of the pomace and the plastics dropped from the high-speed cutting machine 4 into the air separation box 5. The radial size of the wind power separation box 5 is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the lower end of the wind power separation box is connected with a large-grain pomace collection box 51. The right side of the wind power separation box 5 is provided with a vertical large-hole intercepting net 52 for blocking large-particle fruit residues, the large-hole intercepting net 52 is made of steel plates, and rectangular meshes of 6mm x 6mm are distributed on the net plates. The rest mixture of the small and medium-sized particle pomace and the plastic fragments passes through the large-hole intercepting net 52 and enters the diameter-variable turbulent current charging area 6; the lower part of the wind power separation box 5 is also provided with a second fan 53 facing the large-hole intercepting net 52 and used for blowing a small part of dropped mixture of small and medium-sized particle fruit residues and plastic fragments into the large-hole intercepting net 52. The mixture entering the air separation box 5 can here be separated into two categories: (1) large-particle pomace (including kernel, nut and large-block pomace); (2) a mixture of small and medium-sized fruit residues and plastic chips. Under the action of the horizontal thrust of the first fan 8, the large-particle pomace has high density, most of the large-particle pomace rapidly sinks down and directly falls into the large-particle pomace collecting box 51 below, and a small part of the large-particle pomace flies forwards and collides with the large-hole intercepting screen 52 to downwards slide into the large-particle pomace collecting box 51. The mixture of the small and medium-sized particle pomace and the plastic fragments has relatively low density, most of the mixture flies to the middle upper area and passes through meshes of the large-hole intercepting net 52 under the pushing of wind power to enter a contraction section of the diameter-variable turbulent flow charged area 6. A small part of falling small and medium-sized particle fruit residues and plastic fragments meet the ascending air flow with the angle of 37 degrees blown by the second fan 53 in the falling process and then return to the front area of the large-hole intercepting net 52 again. The outlet air speed of the first fan 8 is set to be 0.8-1.0 m/s, the outlet air speed of the second fan 53 is set to be 1.2-1.5 m/s, the power of the first fan 8 is 1.5KW, and the power of the second fan 53 is 1.5 KW.

The reducing turbulent flow charged area 6 comprises two conical tubes 61 which are oppositely arranged and are mutually communicated, the radial size of the reducing turbulent flow charged area 6 is firstly reduced and then increased, and a conical electrode 62 is also arranged in the reducing turbulent flow charged area 6 with the gradually increased radial size; the two conical tubes 61 are provided with 25-35 KV direct current voltage, and the conical electrodes 62 are provided with negative electricity. For the plastic in the mixture, which is easily charged, it is moved toward the middle passage 76 by the air flow blown by the second blower 53 while being adsorbed by the tapered electrode 62; the marc in the mixture, which is not easily charged, moves mostly to the upper 75 and lower 77 channels and rarely to the middle 76 channel. The region of the cross section of the variable diameter turbulence charging zone 6, which is changed severely, causes turbulence stirring effect on the mixed fluid of plastics and marc, on one hand, the mixed fluid is enabled to contact the conical electrode 62 more uniformly, on the other hand, uncharged marc is enabled to move towards the upper channel 75 and the lower channel 77 in a large amount, and separation of the plastics and the marc is realized.

The separation area 7 includes four layers of horizontal partition plates arranged up and down, namely a first horizontal partition plate 71, a second horizontal partition plate 72, a third horizontal partition plate 73 and a fourth horizontal partition plate 74, an upper channel 75, a middle channel 76 and a lower channel 77 are formed among the four layers of horizontal partition plates, and the structure of the middle channel 76 is first described in detail below.

A discharge net 716 with positive electricity and 25-35 KV direct-current voltage is vertically arranged in the middle channel 76, a plurality of rectangular holes are formed in the discharge net 716, the lower end of the discharge net 716 is connected with a fourth collecting box 719 through a collecting channel, a vertical blocking plate 717 is further arranged behind the discharge net 716, the lower end of the blocking plate 717 is connected with a third collecting box 718 through the collecting channel, and negative-pressure fans 14 are arranged at the third collecting box 718 and the fourth collecting box 719. The discharge net 716 is made of steel wire with diameter of 1mm, and is arranged and woven into rectangular holes with specification of 3 × 3 mm. After the charged plastics contact the discharge net 716, the charged plastics are adsorbed by the net surface, the plastics are retained on the discharge net 716, are accumulated into a cluster or thicken, slowly release charges, then slide into a collection channel at the lower part of the discharge net 716, and are pumped into a fourth collection box 719 by negative pressure airflow through a collection pipe. The uncharged pomace can pass through the mesh holes, enter the rear channel, meet the blocking plate 717, slide down and accumulate at the lower part of the blocking plate 717, and is pumped into the third collecting box 718 by negative pressure airflow. Even if the pomace is slightly charged, the charge is far less than that of plastic and is not sufficiently absorbed by the discharge net 716.

The upper channel 75 is a rectangular box body, the interior of the upper channel is sequentially provided with an ultrasonic emitter 78, a hot melting net 79, a glue mist spraying device 710 and an electrode net 711, and the plastic chips and the pomace powder collected from the upper channel 75 pass through a thermal turbulence separator under the pushing of air flow to realize the separation of the plastic chips and the pomace powder. The "turbulent separator" here consists of an ultrasonic emitter 78, a hot melt mesh 79, and a combination of front and rear positive and negative pressure air streams.

Principle of ultrasonic turbulence generator: in order to avoid the adhesion of plastics and fruit residues and improve the separation degree of plastic wires and the fruit residues, an ultrasonic wet turbulence resonance separator is arranged at the position. The ultrasonic waves are transmitted to the heat fusion net 79 by the ultrasonic transmitter 78, so that the plastic chips resonate while being fused. Because the self frequencies of the plastic and the pomace are different, the plastic and the pomace can be separated by vibration according to the difference of the resonance intensity of the plastic and the frequency applied by ultrasonic waves. Under the combined disturbance of the water vapor turbulence and the ultrasonic resonance, the separation of the plastic and the pomace powder is accelerated, the pomace powder is promoted to rapidly pass through meshes at the position, and the adhesion of the pomace powder during the melting of the plastic is avoided. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic waves resonate with the moisture in the pomace powder to generate a heat release effect, and the moisture in the pomace is volatilized into water vapor. The heated water vapor forms a turbulent wet gas flow in the melting zone by the aid of air flow blown by the fan. At this time, the pomace is in a discrete dry state, and the plastic is in a "discrete molten state".

The temperature of the hot melting net 79 is set to 180 ℃ +/-2 ℃, the material is stainless steel, and the diameter of the eyelet is 2.5 mm. Heat source of the hot melt web 79: a heating device is arranged to be connected with the hot melting net 79, the heating device is provided by heating coils surrounding the edge and the middle of the hot melting net 79, the heating coils are made of copper wires, the power is 0.8KW, and alternating current (180V-240V) (50 +/-1 Hz) is adopted to supply power for the heating wires. The lower edge of the hot melt net 79 is provided with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor transmits a temperature signal of the hot melt net 79 to the control mechanism.

The ultrasonic transmitter 78 is a short-distance ultrasonic directional transmitter, the working frequency is 40KHz, the power is 100W, and the ultrasonic transmitting angle and distance cover the area of the hot melt net 79, so that the ultrasonic transmitter continuously works in the operation period. The plastic fragments generate a melting wire drawing effect under the action of 'hot melting and air flow stretching' at the position, the plastic fragments are heated and softened after being contacted with the hot melting net 79, and the tiny plastic wires are bonded into plastic sheets or round or oval filaments. Under the push of the air flow, the melted and softened plastic sheet is stretched into a circular or elliptical filament with a diameter of 0.5-1.5 mm. Realize the shaping of irregular plastic fragments. The diameter of the plastic wires after shaping is smaller than 2/3 of the diameter of the hot melt net 79, which is beneficial for the plastic wires to smoothly pass through the holes of the hot melt net 79.

According to the invention, the hydrophilicity and the electrical conductivity of the plastic filament and the pomace powder are modified by the glue mist spraying device 710, so that the plastic filament is in a 'hard conductive state', the pomace powder is in an 'easy conductive state', and then the separation of the plastic and the pomace is realized in a controlled state at the subsequent electrode mesh 711.

In the case of plastic, although PE plastic has strong hydrophobicity, the glue mist micro beads can be adhered to the surface of the plastic filament for a short time due to certain viscosity, and the conductivity of the plastic filament to which the glue mist is adhered is reduced, and the plastic filament is not easily charged when it meets the following electrode mesh 711. When the glue mist is sprayed, the combination rate of the pomace fibers and the glue mist is far greater than that of the plastic, the pomace fibers are preferentially combined with the glue mist, the probability of contact of the plastic and the glue mist is reduced to a certain extent, and the glue mist can be prevented from being adhered to the plastic. The spraying concentration of the proper atomized colloid can accurately control the probability balance of the pomace fiber and the plastic filament in the atomization area contacting the atomized colloid, so that the colloid mist microbeads are uniformly attached to the surface of the plastic filament at proper concentration.

For the pomace, the pomace powder is rich in fibers and can absorb water quickly, a large number of glue mist microbeads are attached to the surface of the pomace powder, and a part of glue mist water can enter the inside of the pomace powder quickly. On the other hand, because the surface of the pomace has heat, when the atomized colloid is heated, a film-shaped shell-sheath structure can be quickly formed on the surface of pomace powder particles, so that the water locking effect is exerted, the internal water of the pomace powder can be properly locked, and the situation that the pomace powder is heated in a melting area and the internal temperature of the particles is high so as to lose water too quickly is avoided.

Under the combined action of the above processes, the conductivity of the plastic filament is reduced, and the conductivity of the pomace powder is improved, which is beneficial to realizing the separation of the plastic and the pomace at the subsequent electrode mesh 711.

The colloid used in the invention comprises the components of a mixed solution of the red heart lotus colloid and the sludge humic acid extracting solution. The red heart lotus colloid contains rich polysaccharide and liquid vegetable wax, and can shrink rapidly during drying to play a role in locking water. The specific preparation method comprises the following steps: selecting 1kg of autumn leaves of the roselle, cleaning the leaves with clear water, drying the leaves at 26-30 ℃, adding water in a mass ratio of 1:1, stirring the leaves into slurry by a rapid cutting stirrer (120r/min), and filtering the slurry by gauze (20-30 s, 80 x 60-100 x 90) to obtain liquid, namely the roselle colloid used by the invention. The preparation method of the sludge humic acid extracting solution comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of taking dewatered sludge of a municipal domestic sewage plant as a raw material, (the water content of the sludge is 78-80%), extracting sludge humic acid by adopting a mixed solution of NaOH and CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide), wherein the concentration of a NaOH solution is 0.25-0.30 mol/L, the concentration of CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) is 0.04-0.08 mol/L, the mixing ratio of the two liquids is 1:1 (V: V), adding 800-1000 mL of the mixed solution of NaOH and CTAB into every 100g of the dewatered sludge, stirring for 4 hours (the rotating speed is 60r/min) in an environment with the temperature of 25-30 ℃, then carrying out centrifugation (7000r/min, centrifuging for 5min), taking supernatant, and carrying out suction filtration on the supernatant by adopting a 0.45-micrometer filter membrane to obtain a sludge humic acid extracting solution. The sludge humic acid has hydrophilic colloid and can quickly absorb moisture; humic acid on the other hand has a surfactant-like action.

The mixing ratio of the red heart lotus colloid (C) and the sludge humic acid extracting solution (S) is C: S-3: 1. As for the technical parameters of the glue spray nozzle, a jet type atomization nozzle is adopted, the aperture of the nozzle is 0.20mm, the operating pressure is 20-60 kg/cm, and the spray amount is 10-15 mL/min. In order to ensure that the atomized colloid maintains fluidity, a heat-insulating sleeve is additionally arranged around the spray head, and the colloid temperature is maintained at 30-35 ℃. The heat preservation and heat supply are realized by electric heat.

The electrode mesh 711 is negatively charged, and the atomized colloid modifies the plastic and the pomace, so that a large amount of pomace powder is promoted to be charged at the electrode mesh 711, and plastic filaments are uncharged, thereby being beneficial to the separation of the plastic and the pomace in the subsequent links. The glue mist micro-beads attached to the surface of the plastic filament in a short time have certain viscosity, can increase the mobility of charges on the surface of the plastic filament, avoid charge accumulation, and greatly reduce the charge quantity of the plastic filament at the electrode mesh 711. After the pomace (fiber) absorbs water rapidly, the conductivity of the pomace powder is enhanced, and the pomace powder is beneficial to being charged rapidly at the electrode mesh 711.

The electrode mesh 711 is made of fiber and steel wire composite textile wires, so that the adhesive force on the pomace powder can be improved, the pomace powder is blocked, the contact time of the pomace powder and the electrode mesh 711 is prolonged, and the full electrification of the pomace powder is promoted. The viscosity of the composite textile yarns to a circular or elliptical filament plastic sheet with the diameter of 0.5-1.5 mm is minimized through the specific proportion of fibers and metal wires. The diameter of the hole of the electrode net 711 is 3.5mm, and the electric net is provided with 25-30 KV direct current voltage.

The upper channel 75 is also provided with a wet discharge plate 713 obliquely arranged at the downstream of the electrode mesh 711 and a humidifying spray head 712 facing the wet discharge plate 713, the humidifying spray head 712 not only can greatly improve the sedimentation efficiency of the pomace powder, but also can increase the moisture content of the pomace which cannot meet the moisture content requirement of the pomace compost after drying treatment, and the technical parameters of the wet discharge plate 713 are as follows: the inclination angle is 45 degrees, the material is made of an aluminum plate, the electrical property is positive electricity, the electric power is direct current voltage of 30-35 KV, the humidifying spray head 712 adopts a jet type atomizing spray head, the aperture of the spray head is 0.20mm, the operating pressure is 30-45 kg/cm, and the spray amount is 20-35 cc/min.

The end of the upper channel 75 is also provided with a first collecting box 714 communicated with the upper space and a second collecting box 715 communicated with the lower space, and the first collecting box 714 and the second collecting box 715 are both provided with the negative pressure fan 14.

The structure of the lower channel 77 is substantially the same as that of the upper channel 75, but some technical parameters are slightly different, specifically, the diameter of the hot melt mesh 79 in the lower channel 77 is 3.5mm, the working frequency of the ultrasonic transmitter 78 is 60KHz, the power is 150W, and the diameter of the mesh of the electrode mesh 711 is 4.5 mm. In addition, the end of the lower passage 77 is provided with a fifth collection tank 720 communicating with the upper space thereof and a sixth collection tank 721 communicating with the lower space thereof, and the negative pressure fan 14 is provided at both the fifth collection tank 720 and the sixth collection tank 721.

For the rightmost six collection boxes, small pieces of plastic are collected in the first collection box 714, small pieces of fruit pomace are collected in the second collection box 715, medium pieces of fruit pomace are collected in the third collection box 718, small pieces of plastic are collected in the fourth collection box 719, large pieces of plastic are collected in the fifth collection box 720, and medium pieces of fruit pomace are collected in the sixth collection box 721.

Experiments prove that the specific technical effects of the embodiment are as follows:

during feeding, the mixture of the fruit residues and the plastic after juicing is put into the feeding hole 11, or bagged apples which are used as raw materials by fruit juice production enterprises, or the mixture of various fruit residues and the plastic, and the particle size and the shape of the feeding are not limited.

During discharging, the lower part of the wind power separation box 5 is provided with a large-grain pomace collecting box 51, wherein the granularity of pomace is 6-50 mm.

A first collecting box 714 is arranged at the tail end of the upper channel 75, and the granularity of plastic fragments in the first collecting box is 3-10 mm; and a second collecting box 715 is arranged, wherein the granularity of the pomace is 2-5 mm.

A third collecting box 718 is arranged at the tail end of the middle channel 76, and the granularity of the pomace is 4-10 mm; and a fourth collecting box 719 is arranged, wherein the particle size of the plastic fragments is 3-12 mm.

A fifth collecting box 720 is arranged at the tail end of the lower channel 77, and the granularity of the plastic fragments is 8-30 mm; a sixth collecting box 721 is arranged, wherein the granularity of the pomace is 4-12 mm.

Overall, the total separation efficiency of the equipment for the pomace and the plastic is 95-99%.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (1)

1. The multi-stage polymorphic modification electric field separator for pomace plastic is characterized in that: the device comprises a dryer, a crusher, a secondary dryer, a high-speed cutting machine, a wind power separation box, a variable-diameter turbulent flow charging area and a separation area which are sequentially arranged, wherein the mixture of the pomace and the plastic is sequentially separated through the areas;

the dryer is provided with a feed inlet, stirring blades for stirring and conveying materials are arranged in the dryer, a fan for blowing hot air into the dryer is further arranged at the lower part of the dryer, and a negative pressure fan for discharging moisture is arranged at the upper part of the dryer;

the crusher is positioned right below the dryer, and the mixture of the pomace and the plastic falls into the crusher after being pre-dried by the dryer;

the crusher comprises a plurality of rollers with bulges, the rollers are divided into a plurality of layers and are arranged in a crossed manner in the vertical direction, a gap is reserved between every two adjacent rollers, and the rotation directions of the two adjacent rollers at the same height are opposite;

the secondary dryer is positioned right below the crusher, and the mixture of the pomace and the plastic falls into the secondary dryer after being extruded and crushed by the crusher;

a stirring paddle blade for stirring and conveying materials is arranged in the secondary dryer, a fan for blowing hot air into the secondary dryer is also arranged at the lower part of the secondary dryer, and a negative pressure fan for discharging moisture is arranged at the upper part of the secondary dryer;

the high-speed cutting machine is positioned right below the secondary dryer, and the mixture of the pomace and the plastics falls into the high-speed cutting machine after being dried by the secondary dryer;

a plurality of groups of rotating cutters are arranged in the high-speed cutting machine and are used for cutting the dropped plastic chips into narrow strips;

the pneumatic separation box is positioned on one side of the high-speed cutting machine, and a first fan used for blowing a mixture of the fruit residues and the plastics falling from the high-speed cutting machine into the pneumatic separation box is arranged on the other side of the high-speed cutting machine;

the radial size of the wind power sorting box is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the lower end of the wind power sorting box is connected with a large-grain fruit residue collecting box;

a vertical large-hole intercepting net is arranged on the right side of the wind power separation box and used for blocking large-particle fruit residues, and the rest of the mixture of the small and medium-particle fruit residues and the plastic fragments passes through the large-hole intercepting net and enters a diameter-variable turbulent flow charged area;

the lower part of the wind power separation box is also provided with a second fan facing the large-hole intercepting net and used for blowing a small part of dropped mixture of small and medium-sized particle fruit residues and plastic fragments into the large-hole intercepting net;

the diameter-variable turbulent flow charged area comprises two conical tubes which are oppositely arranged and mutually communicated, the radial size of the diameter-variable turbulent flow charged area is reduced and then increased, and a conical electrode is further arranged in the diameter-variable turbulent flow charged area with the radial size gradually increased;

the two conical tubes are provided with direct current voltage, and the conical electrodes are provided with negative electricity;

the separation area comprises four layers of horizontal clapboards which are arranged up and down, an upper channel, a middle channel and a lower channel are formed among the four layers of horizontal clapboards, and the tapered electrode is aligned with the middle channel in the horizontal direction;

an ultrasonic transmitter, a hot melting net, a glue mist spraying device and an electrode net are sequentially arranged in the upper channel, the ultrasonic transmitter faces the hot melting net, a plurality of meshes are formed in the hot melting net, the glue mist spraying device faces the hot melting net and sprays mixed liquid of red heart lotus colloid and a sludge humic acid extracting solution to a mixture of pomace plastics, the electrode net belt is negatively charged and is provided with a plurality of holes, direct-current voltage is further provided on the electrode net, a wet discharge plate which is obliquely arranged at the downstream of the electrode net and a humidifying sprayer which faces the wet discharge plate are further arranged in the upper channel, a first collecting box which is communicated with the upper space of the upper channel and a second collecting box which is communicated with the lower space of the upper channel are further arranged at the tail end of the upper channel, and negative pressure fans are arranged at the positions of the first collecting box and the second collecting box;

the middle channel comprises a vertically arranged discharge net, the discharge net is positively charged and has direct-current voltage, a plurality of rectangular holes are formed in the discharge net, the lower end of the discharge net is connected with a fourth collecting box through a collecting channel, a vertical blocking plate is further arranged behind the discharge net, the lower end of the blocking plate is connected with a third collecting box through a collecting channel, and negative-pressure fans are arranged at the third collecting box and the fourth collecting box;

the structure in the lower passage is consistent with that of the upper passage, the tail end of the lower passage is provided with a fifth collecting box communicated with the upper space of the lower passage and a sixth collecting box communicated with the lower space of the lower passage, and the fifth collecting box and the sixth collecting box are both provided with negative pressure fans.

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