CN112928356B - Battery thermal management device and control method - Google Patents
Battery thermal management device and control method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a battery thermal management device and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of thermal management of power batteries of new energy vehicles. The device comprises a plurality of branches of parallel battery packs, a high-voltage distribution box and control system, a heat management device, a heat management water outlet pipeline, a water pump, branch control valves, single-branch battery pack control valves and a heat management water return pipeline. The invention can realize effective management of the temperature of the battery system, ensure that the battery works in a proper temperature range, effectively improve the environmental adaptability and the temperature consistency of the system, avoid the problems of the power performance and the safety of the whole vehicle caused by high temperature or low temperature of the battery, and is also suitable for the power battery system in the field of energy storage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal management of new energy automobile power batteries, and relates to a battery thermal management device and a control method.
Background
The thermal management technology for the power battery of the new energy automobile mainly achieves heating and cooling functions of a battery system, ensures that the battery works in a reasonable and proper temperature range, controls the temperature difference of the system within an allowable range, exerts charge and discharge capacity of the battery to the maximum extent, improves utilization efficiency of the battery, ensures safety of the battery and prolongs service life of the battery. Whether the heat management device and the control method are effective or not is directly related to normal operation of the vehicle, and utilization efficiency, safety and service life of the power battery are also affected, so that the heat management technology is a key point and a difficult point in design of the power battery system of the new energy automobile.
The thermal management of the new energy automobile power battery comprises heating management and cooling management. At present, the heating management of power batteries in the industry usually adopts a heating film, and the main problem of the heating mode is that the heating film is dried after falling off due to the infirm adhesion or the influence of the expansion force of a core, so that safety accidents are caused; meanwhile, due to the arrangement position difference, the heating mode cannot effectively eliminate the system temperature difference and can affect the dynamic property, the safety and the service life of the power battery. In the cooling management of the power battery, some designers in the industry adopt natural cooling, and the cooling mode cannot fundamentally solve the battery cooling problem and eliminate the influence of temperature difference; some designs adopt the fan cooling, and this kind of cooling method though can alleviate battery high temperature problem to a certain extent, but inefficiency, the effect is poor, not only can not solve the influence of difference in temperature, because the cooling duct exists on the contrary, can lead to the protection level reduction of battery package, has the potential safety hazard. Particularly, for a power battery system of a new energy bus, the battery packs are connected in parallel at the outer part, the number of branches is large, the arrangement position difference is large, and the problems of environmental adaptability and temperature consistency of the power battery cannot be effectively solved by the conventional heat management mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a battery thermal management apparatus and a control method, which can effectively manage the temperature of a battery system, ensure that the battery works in a suitable temperature range, effectively improve the environmental adaptability and temperature consistency of the system, and avoid the power performance and safety problems of the entire vehicle caused by high temperature or low temperature of the battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a battery thermal management device and a control method thereof are provided, the method comprises a management control method for battery cooling and a management control method for battery heating;
the management control method for battery cooling comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting average temperatures Ta1 and Ta2 … Tan of n battery packs in the branch a, average temperatures Tb1 and Tb2 … Tbn of n battery packs in the branch b and average temperatures Tc1 and Tc2 … Tcn of n battery packs in the branch c in the battery management system;
s2, respectively calculating the highest temperature Ta of the branch a Max B branch highest temperature Tb Max And c branch maximum temperature Tc Max ；
S3, calculating the maximum temperature Tabc of the multiple branches Max When Tabc is used Max When the temperature is higher than P, the battery management system controls the heat management device to start a refrigeration function, circulation is started through the water outlet, the flow is increased through the water pump, and P is a threshold value for controlling the heat management device to start the refrigeration function by the battery management system;
s4, ensuring the consistency of the cooling effect of the battery system by adopting a layering and grading control principle;
s5, comparing the maximum temperature difference of each branch, and controlling the thermal management device to cool the battery through the battery management system;
the battery heating management control method is suitable for the management control method for cooling the battery.
Optionally, S4 specifically is:
firstly, the temperature consistency among the battery packs of the single branch is controlled, and the maximum value Ta1 and Ta2 … Tan of Ta, Ta is calculated Max And minimum value Ta min If Ta Max -Ta min When the temperature difference between the battery packs between the single branches is larger than an allowable value, the Ta is found out when the temperature difference is larger than or equal to T1 min The position of the battery pack is controlled by the battery management system to close the valve, and the maximum value Ta of Ta1 and Ta2 … Tan is continuously calculated in a dynamic circulation and real-time manner Max And a minimum value Ta min ；
When Ta min When the position of the battery pack changes, the original Ta is required to be started min The position of the battery pack is controlled by a valve, and Ta at the moment is closed min The position of the battery pack is controlled by a valve, and the circulation process is up to Ta Max -Ta min If the current time is less than T1, when the safety and the service life of the battery system are not influenced, all battery pack control valves are opened for circulating cooling;
cooling circulation of the branch b and the branch c is carried out in the way until Tb Max -Tb min < T1, and Tc Max -Tc min ＜T1；
T1 is the allowable value of the temperature difference.
Optionally, S5 specifically is:
respectively calculating the maximum value Ta of Ta1 and Ta2 … Tan Max Maximum Tb1, Tb2 … Tbn Max And maximum Tc of Tc1 and Tc2 … Tcn Max ；
Then calculating Ta Max 、Tb Max 、Tc Max Maximum value Tabc Max And minimum value Tabc min ；
If Tabc Max -Tabc min When the temperature difference between the battery packs between different branches is larger than an allowable value and affects the safety life of a system, Tabc needs to be found and determined when the temperature difference is larger than or equal to T2 min The position of the branch is controlled by a battery management system to close a valve of the branch, and the maximum value Tabc of each branch is continuously calculated in a dynamic circulation manner in real time Max And Tabc min The position of the branch;
when Tabc is present min When the position of the branch is changed, the original Tabc is required to be opened min The position of the battery pack is controlled by the position control valve, and Tabc is closed at the moment min The position of the battery pack controls the valve, and the circulation process is carried out until Tabc Max -Tabc min If the current time is less than T2, when the safety and the service life of the battery system are not influenced, all control valves are opened for circular cooling;
up to Tabc Max When the current value is less than or equal to q, the battery management system controls the thermal management device to close the cooling function, closes the control valve and stops water circulation;
q is a threshold value for controlling the heat management device to close the refrigeration function by the battery management system;
t2 is the allowable value of the temperature difference.
Optionally, the multiple branches are n branches, and n is greater than or equal to 2.
Optionally, the device comprises a motor, a motor controller, a plurality of branches of parallel battery packs, a high-voltage distribution box and control system, a thermal management device, a thermal management water outlet pipeline, a water pump, branch control valves, single branch battery pack control valves and a thermal management water return pipeline;
the motor is in signal connection with the motor controller;
the motor controller is in signal connection with the high-voltage distribution box and the control system;
the high-voltage distribution box and the control system are respectively in signal connection with the multi-branch parallel battery pack and the thermal management device;
the multi-branch parallel battery pack is in signal connection with the heat management water return pipeline and is also in signal connection with the water pump through each branch control valve;
the heat management device is respectively in signal connection with the water pump and the heat management water return pipeline;
the multi-branch parallel battery pack is a thermal management object, the multi-branch parallel battery pack is an n-branch parallel battery pack, and each branch battery pack comprises n battery packs;
the high-voltage distribution box and the control system provide high-voltage output for the thermal management device and control the circulating pipeline control valve;
the heat management device comprises a heating device, a refrigerating device and circulating liquid, and the heating device and the refrigerating device achieve the purposes of heating and cooling the battery through water circulation;
the heat management water outlet pipeline is a pipeline outlet after water is heated and cooled in a circulating way;
the water pump plays a role in increasing the flow in the device;
each branch control valve realizes the control of water flow among the branches of the battery system;
the control valve of each battery pack of the single branch realizes the control of the water flow of each battery pack in the single branch;
the heat management return pipeline refers to a loop of water circulated by the battery pack in the device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can effectively solve the heat management problems of parallel connection of external branches of the new energy power battery and the energy storage battery and series connection of single-branch multi-battery; according to the invention, the control valves are arranged between the branches and between the battery packs of a single branch, so that the layering and stepped control can be realized, the problem of temperature difference between systems is solved, the highest and lowest temperatures of the system are used for realizing the protection of a limit value, the high temperature and the low temperature of the battery are avoided, the battery is ensured to work in an appropriate temperature range, meanwhile, the battery packs in the branches are ensured to work in an appropriate temperature range, the environmental adaptability and the temperature consistency of the system are effectively improved, the problems of the power performance and the safety of the whole vehicle caused by the high temperature or the low temperature of the battery are avoided, the battery packs between the branches are also ensured to work in an appropriate temperature range, the environmental adaptability and the temperature consistency of the system are effectively improved, and the problems of the power performance and the safety of the whole vehicle caused by the high temperature or the low temperature of the battery are avoided; the environmental adaptability and the temperature consistency of the battery system are effectively managed, and the problems of the power performance and the safety of the whole vehicle caused by high temperature or low temperature of the battery are avoided.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery thermal management apparatus;
fig. 2 is a control flow diagram of a battery thermal management device.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms described above will be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a battery thermal management apparatus and a control method thereof are shown.
The battery system comprises three branches, and each branch is formed by connecting 6 battery packs in series, so that the total number of the battery packs is 18. The battery management system respectively acquires that the average temperature of each branch battery pack is as follows:
T11＝36℃，T12＝36℃，T13＝35℃，T14＝36℃，T15＝36℃，T16＝40℃；
T21＝33℃，T22＝33℃，T23＝34℃，T24＝34℃，T25＝34℃，T26＝37℃；
T31＝40℃，T32＝42℃，T33＝45℃，T34＝42℃，T35＝42℃，T36＝42℃；
and respectively calculating the highest temperature values of the three branches: t1max ═ T16 ═ 40 ℃, T2max ═ T26 ═ 37 ℃, T3max ═ T33 ═ 45 ℃; the highest temperature value of the three branches is T3max which is 45 ℃, the highest temperature of the battery system is greater than the allowable value of 30 ℃, the battery management system controls the heat management device to start the refrigeration function, circulation is started through the water outlet, and the flow is increased through the water pump. In order to ensure the consistency of the cooling effect of the battery system, hierarchical and stepped control is needed, the temperature consistency among the battery packs of the single branch is controlled firstly, the highest temperature and the lowest temperature difference T16-T13 of the battery pack of the first branch are calculated to be 40-35-5 ℃, the temperature difference among the battery packs of the single branch is greater than the allowable value of 3 ℃, the position of T13 is the third battery pack of the first branch, the path control valve 3 of the water circulation of the third battery pack of the first branch is closed, the water cooling circulation of the battery is continued according to the control mode, and the dynamic circulation control is carried out until the highest temperature and the lowest temperature difference of the battery packs in the first branch are less than 3 ℃, and the temperature balance is realized in the branch, such as: t11 ═ 34 ℃, T12 ═ 34 ℃, T13 ═ 34 ℃, T14 ═ 34 ℃, T15 ═ 34 ℃, T16 ═ 35 ℃; and adjusting the second branch according to the same principle until the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of the battery pack in the second branch is less than 3 ℃, and realizing temperature balance in the branch, such as: t21 ═ 31 ℃, T22 ═ 31 ℃, T23 ═ 32 ℃, T24 ═ 32 ℃, T25 ═ 32 ℃, T26 ═ 33 ℃; adjusting the third branch in the same way until the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of the battery pack in the third branch is less than 3 ℃, and realizing temperature balance in the third branch, such as T31 being 40 ℃, T32 being 40 ℃, T33 being 42 ℃, T34 being 40 ℃, T35 being 40 ℃, and T36 being 40 ℃; then the maximum temperature T33 of all the battery pack temperatures of the three branches is calculated to be 42 ℃, the minimum temperature T21 is 31 ℃, T33-T21 is 11 ℃, the temperature difference between the battery packs among different branches is greater than an allowable value of 5 ℃, when the safe service life of the system is influenced, the branch control valve where the T21 is located needs to be closed, the other branches and the battery packs of the branches continue to be cooled by water circulation, according to the control mode, the water cooling circulation of the batteries is continued, dynamic circulation control is carried out until the temperature difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of each branch is less than 5 ℃, all branch control valves need to be opened for cooling, until the minimum temperature in all the branches is less than 25 ℃, the battery management system closes the control heat management device to close the cooling function, closes the control valves to stop the water circulation, the mode ensures that the temperature of the batteries in an appropriate temperature interval is less than 40 ℃, the temperature difference between the battery packs in the branches is less than 3 ℃, the highest temperature difference and the lowest temperature difference of the battery packs among the branches are less than 5 ℃, the environmental adaptability and the temperature consistency of the system are effectively improved, and the problems of the power performance and the safety of the whole vehicle caused by high temperature or low temperature of the batteries are avoided.
Finally, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A battery thermal management control method is characterized in that: the method comprises a management control method for cooling the battery and a management control method for heating the battery;
the management control method for cooling the battery comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting average temperatures Ta1 and Ta2 … Tan of n battery packs in the branch a, average temperatures Tb1 and Tb2 … Tbn of n battery packs in the branch b and average temperatures Tc1 and Tc2 … Tcn of n battery packs in the branch c in the battery management system;
s2, respectively calculating the highest temperature Ta of the branch a Max B branch highest temperature Tb Max And c branch maximum temperature Tc Max ；
S3, and then calculating the maximum temperature Tabc of the branches Max When Tabc is used Max When the current value is greater than P, the battery management system controls the heat management device to start a refrigeration function, circulation is started through the water outlet, the flow is increased through the water pump, and P is a threshold value for the battery management system to control the heat management device to start the refrigeration function;
s4, ensuring the consistency of the cooling effect of the battery system by adopting a layering and grading control principle;
s5, comparing the maximum temperature difference of each branch, and controlling the thermal management device to cool the battery through the battery management system;
the battery heating management control method is suitable for the management control method for cooling the battery;
the S4 specifically includes:
firstly, the temperature consistency among the battery packs of the single branch is controlled, and the maximum value Ta1 and Ta2 … Tan of Ta is calculated Max And minimum value Ta min If Ta Max -Ta min When the temperature difference between the battery packs between the single branches is larger than an allowable value and is larger than or equal to T1, finding out Ta min At the position of the battery pack and through the battery tubeThe valve controlled by the physical system is closed, and the maximum value Ta of Ta1 and Ta2 … Tan is continuously calculated in a dynamic circulation manner in real time Max And minimum value Ta min ；
When Ta min When the position of the battery pack changes, the original Ta is required to be started min The position of the battery pack controls the valve, and Ta at the moment is closed min The position of the battery pack is controlled by a valve, and the circulation process is up to Ta Max -Ta min If the current time is less than T1, when the safety and the service life of the battery system are not influenced, all battery pack control valves are opened for circulating cooling;
cooling circulation of the branch b and the branch c is carried out in the above way until Tb Max -Tb min < T1, and Tc Max -Tc min ＜T1；
The T1 is a temperature difference allowable value.
2. The battery thermal management control method according to claim 1, wherein: the S5 specifically includes:
respectively calculating the maximum value Ta of Ta1 and Ta2 … Tan Max Maximum Tb1, Tb2 … Tbn Max And maximum Tc of Tc1 and Tc2 … Tcn Max ；
Then calculating Ta Max 、Tb Max 、Tc Max Maximum value Tabc Max And minimum value Tabc min ；
If Tabc Max -Tabc min When the temperature difference between the battery packs between different branches is larger than an allowable value and affects the safety life of a system, Tabc needs to be found and determined when the temperature difference is larger than or equal to T2 min The position of the branch is controlled by a battery management system to close a valve of the branch, and the maximum value Tabc of each branch is continuously calculated in a dynamic circulation manner in real time Max And Tabc min The position of the branch;
when Tabc min When the position of the branch is changed, the original Tabc is required to be opened min The position of the battery pack is controlled by the position control valve, and Tabc is closed at the moment min The position of the battery pack controls the valve, and the circulation process is carried out until Tabc Max -Tabc min < T2, safety and life time of battery system are not goodWhen influence is caused, all control valves are opened for circulating cooling;
up to Tabc Max When the current value is less than or equal to q, the battery management system controls the thermal management device to close the cooling function, closes the control valve and stops water circulation;
the q is a threshold value for controlling the heat management device to close the refrigeration function by the battery management system;
the T2 is a temperature difference allowable value.
3. The battery thermal management control method according to claim 1, wherein: the multiple branches are n branches, and n is more than or equal to 2.
4. A battery thermal management device based on the method of any of claims 1-3, wherein: the device comprises a motor, a motor controller, a plurality of branches of parallel battery packs, a high-voltage distribution box and control system, a heat management device, a heat management water outlet pipeline, a water pump, branch control valves, single-branch battery pack control valves and a heat management water return pipeline;
the motor is in signal connection with the motor controller;
the motor controller is in signal connection with the high-voltage distribution box and the control system;
the high-voltage distribution box and the control system are respectively in signal connection with the multi-branch parallel battery pack and the thermal management device;
the multi-branch parallel battery pack is in signal connection with the heat management water return pipeline and is also in signal connection with the water pump through each branch control valve;
the heat management device is respectively in signal connection with the water pump and the heat management water return pipeline;
the multi-branch parallel battery pack is a thermal management object, the multi-branch parallel battery pack is an n-branch parallel battery pack, and each branch battery pack comprises n battery packs;
the high-voltage distribution box and the control system provide high-voltage output for the thermal management device and control the circulating pipeline control valve;
the heat management device comprises a heating device, a refrigerating device and circulating liquid, and the heating device and the refrigerating device achieve the purposes of heating and cooling the battery through water circulation;
the heat management water outlet pipeline is a pipeline outlet after water is heated and cooled in a circulating way;
the water pump plays a role in increasing the flow rate in the device;
the branch control valves realize the control of water flow among the branches of the battery system;
the control valve of each battery pack of the single branch realizes the control of the water flow of each battery pack in the single branch;
the heat management water return pipeline refers to a loop of water after circulation of the battery pack in the device.
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| CN113707968A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-11-26 | 三一汽车制造有限公司 | Multi-branch high-voltage battery system and temperature difference control method and device thereof |
| CN114050355B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-11-21 | 重庆大学 | Self-identification controlled battery thermal management device and method |
| CN114335807A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | Battery cooling system of electric mining dump truck and control method |
| CN114497806A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-13 | 西安科技大学 | Power battery thermal management system and control method |
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