CN112926864A - Configuration-based risk assessment method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a risk assessment method and a system based on configuration, belonging to the field of risk assessment, aiming at solving the technical problems of making the risk assessment easier to use, improving the objectification of the risk assessment and improving the timeliness of the risk assessment, and adopting the technical scheme that: the method comprises the following specific steps: a model building stage: constructing indexes by adopting a hierarchical index method, configuring the contents of the indexes, and determining risk levels through a safety risk level division rule; a model using stage: the authority and the specialty of the government-side release model are guaranteed by the enterprise-side using the government segment release model by using the government-side release model. The system comprises an analysis unit, a construction unit, a release unit, a determination unit, an evaluation unit and a generation unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of risk assessment, in particular to a risk assessment method and system based on configuration.
Background
The risk assessment comprises 3 steps of risk identification, risk analysis and risk evaluation, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) risk identification is the process of finding, listing and describing risk elements, and mainly comprises the identification of risk sources, risk events, reasons and potential consequences;
(2) to determine the risk level, the risk analysis typically includes an assessment of the extent of the potential consequences and the likelihood of occurrence of the risk, and the methods used for the risk analysis may be qualitative, semi-quantitative, and combinations thereof;
(3) and the risk evaluation comprises the step of comparing the results of the risk analysis with preset risk criteria or comparing the results of the analysis of various risks to determine the risk level.
The currently common risk assessment technology has the following characteristics:
the method has strong specialization: professional knowledge for mouth is required, some risks can be identified and evaluated only by professional knowledge or long work experience, and the method is not friendly to enterprises, micro enterprises and the like with insufficient professionals;
secondly, the subjectivity is strong: when risk assessment is carried out, people often carry out the risk assessment according to own knowledge storage or working experience, the relevance of the assessment result and an evaluator is large, the subjectivity is strong, thousands of people are often found, and no objective measure is provided;
thirdly, the timeliness is poor: the period of risk assessment of enterprises is often long, and for some changes which occur instantaneously, the early warning cannot be updated in time.
How to identify and evaluate the risk of an enterprise and whether to obtain effective management and control is often a very concerned problem for safety production supervision departments. At present, the risks of enterprises are evaluated, reported and controlled by the enterprises, the effect difference of control is large, good stiffness is good, poor stiffness is poor, and the supervision department cannot feel the way. The risk assessment has strong professionality, great manpower and material resources are required for risk management and control, and the situation that the enterprise is confused often exists.
Therefore, how to make the risk assessment more easy to use, improve the objectivity of the risk assessment, and improve the timeliness of the risk assessment is an urgent problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical task of the invention is to provide a risk assessment method and a risk assessment system based on configuration, so as to solve the problems of making the risk assessment easier to use, improving the objectivity of the risk assessment and improving the timeliness of the risk assessment.
The technical task of the invention is realized in the following way, namely a risk assessment method based on configuration, which comprises the following steps:
a model building stage: constructing indexes by adopting a hierarchical index method, configuring the contents of the indexes, and determining risk levels through a safety risk level division rule;
a model using stage: the authority and the specialty of the government-side release model are guaranteed by the enterprise-side using the government segment release model by using the government-side release model.
Preferably, before the model building stage, the risk factors are analyzed from four elements of people, objects, rings and pipes in safety production management, specifically as follows:
human: the system refers to the staff of an enterprise, relates to all staff in the enterprise, and is a basic object and a core of safety production management;
an object: analyzing unsafe factors of mechanical equipment, facilities and raw materials in the production process for the raw materials in mechanical equipment, facilities and production activities in an interpersonal system;
and (3) ring: the environment comprises illumination, a channel, equipment layout, an operation space, material stacking and a ground state;
tube: management means that a safety production responsibility system covering all management and operation posts is established, the responsibility of all the personnel of the enterprise in the safety production aspect is determined, a matched assessment mechanism is established, the responsibility system is ensured to be in place, and the responsibility of all the personnel is stimulated.
Preferably, the model building stage is specifically as follows:
determining an evaluation index: extracting a risk evaluation index according to the result of analyzing the risk factor; wherein the risk assessment index is one or more levels;
configuring indexes;
configuring a safety grading standard: and determining the important, larger, general and low-risk grade scoring areas according to the specific conditions of the index system.
More preferably, the configuration indexes are specifically as follows:
determining a scoring mode: the scoring mode of the index comprises an adding system and a deducting system, wherein the adding system means that the higher the score is, the higher the risk level is; the deduction system means that the lower the score is, the higher the risk level is;
configuring index score: setting the score of the index system by adopting a weight method and a score method; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when a weight method is adopted, determining the weight of each index by adopting a hierarchical index method or an expert scoring method, wherein the sum of the weights of each level is 1; when the value-dividing method is adopted, the sum of the values of each level is 100;
and (3) configuring scoring items: and configuring a scoring item for each final-stage scoring index.
Preferably, when the scoring items are configured, a score is set for each scoring item, and the specific conditions when the score is set are as follows:
when the accumulated score is not needed, only one score of the scoring items takes effect, and the sum of the scores of all the scoring items is less than or equal to the score of the index;
when the scoring is required to be accumulated, the score of each selected scoring item is accumulated into the score of the index;
when each scoring item needs to count, the scoring items are configured separately.
Preferably, the model phase is specifically as follows:
model release: through a caching technology, model data which is unchangeable for a long time is cached through a redis database, and is preferentially obtained from the cache when in use; if the cache does not exist, obtaining the data from the database and storing the data in the cache; the types of the models comprise a system preset type and an enterprise self-defined type;
determining a risk assessment subject: selecting a risk evaluation model according to the property and the type of an evaluation object, and setting a task of risk evaluation; wherein the risk assessment objects comprise enterprises, projects and buildings;
and (3) risk assessment: when a risk evaluator performs risk evaluation, manually selecting a risk index meeting conditions, and finally taking the calculated evaluation score and the risk grade as the standard;
and (3) reporting risk assessment: and generating a risk assessment report in a pdf format, and viewing the report on line or downloading and storing the report.
A configuration-based risk assessment system, the system comprising,
an analysis unit for analyzing the risk factors;
the construction unit is used for constructing a risk index model;
the release unit is used for releasing the model, caching the model data which is invariable for a long time through a redis database by a caching technology, and preferentially acquiring the model data from the cache when in use; if the cache does not exist, obtaining the data from the database and storing the data in the cache; the types of the models comprise a system preset type and an enterprise self-defined type;
the determining unit is used for determining a risk assessment object, selecting a risk assessment model according to the property and the type of the assessment object, and setting a task of risk assessment; wherein the risk assessment objects comprise enterprises, projects and buildings;
the evaluation unit is used for risk evaluation, when a risk evaluator performs the risk evaluation, the risk indicator meeting the conditions is manually selected, and finally the calculated evaluation score and the risk grade are taken as the standard;
and the generating unit is used for generating a risk assessment report in a pdf format, and viewing or downloading and storing the risk assessment report on line.
Preferably, the building block comprises, in combination,
the determining module is used for determining the evaluation index and extracting the risk evaluation index according to the result of analyzing the risk factor; wherein the risk assessment index is one or more levels;
the configuration module is used for configuring indexes;
and the division module is used for configuring a safety grade division standard and determining the important, larger, common and low-risk grade division areas according to the specific conditions of the index system.
Preferably, the configuration module includes, in response to the request,
the scoring submodule is used for determining a scoring mode, the scoring mode of the index comprises an adding system and a deducting system, and the adding system means that the score is higher and the risk level is higher; the deduction system means that the lower the score is, the higher the risk level is;
the score submodule is used for configuring index scores and setting the scores of the index system by adopting a weight method and a value-dividing method; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when a weight method is adopted, determining the weight of each index by adopting a hierarchical index method or an expert scoring method, wherein the sum of the weights of each level is 1; when the value-dividing method is adopted, the sum of the values of each level is 100;
and the item submodule is used for configuring scoring items and configuring scoring items for each final-stage scoring index.
Preferably, when the project submodule configures the scoring projects, a score is set for each scoring project, and the specific conditions when the scores are set are as follows:
when the accumulated score is not needed, only one score of the scoring items takes effect, and the sum of the scores of all the scoring items is less than or equal to the score of the index;
when the scoring is required to be accumulated, the score of each selected scoring item is accumulated into the score of the index;
when each scoring item needs to count, the scoring items are configured separately.
The risk assessment method and system based on configuration have the following advantages:
the preset evaluation model is generally summarized and concluded by industry experts, is released and implemented by related departments, has universality and practicability, can help enterprises with insufficient strength to carry out risk evaluation, and saves enterprise cost;
the model can be customized, a set of evaluation standards suitable for the model can be formulated and issued for large enterprises, the model can be tested, adjusted and perfected repeatedly in practical application, and the risk evaluation capability of the enterprises can be improved;
thirdly, the risk assessment is easier to use, the risk factor of the risk assessment object is analyzed by adopting a method of customizing the model, the model is extracted, and quantifiable and understandable indexes are exposed, so that the purpose of easy use is achieved;
the risk assessment is objective, and the extracted indexes are data which can be quantized and supported by data rather than contents needing artificial estimation;
the method and the system can update in time, associate some indexes with the Internet of things monitoring equipment, and update the risk assessment result once the Internet of things monitoring equipment generates alarm information, so that the effect of early warning is achieved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a configuration-based risk assessment method;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a process for enterprise risk assessment.
Detailed Description
The configuration-based risk assessment method and system of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the risk assessment method based on configuration of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
s1, model construction stage: constructing indexes by adopting a hierarchical index method, configuring the contents of the indexes, and determining risk levels through a safety risk level division rule;
s2, using a model stage: the authority and the specialty of the government-side release model are guaranteed by the enterprise-side using the government segment release model by using the government-side release model. The government end users construct and release the general model, and the enterprise end uses the model to carry out risk assessment. The enterprise terminal can also adjust parameters to be suitable for the model or self-define the evaluation model suitable for the enterprise terminal to evaluate based on the model.
In this embodiment, before the stage of constructing the model in step S1, the risk factors are analyzed from four-factor people, things, loops, and tubes in the safety production management, which are specifically as follows:
firstly, a person: the system refers to the staff of an enterprise, relates to all staff in the enterprise, and is a basic object and a core of safety production management; all management activities are developed in a person-oriented manner, for example, in the unit production system, managers at all levels, main control personnel and field inspection operators play different roles on respective posts respectively, and the safety operation of the whole man-machine system plays a very important role. No matter which post or which link has a problem, equipment accidents, process accidents or personnel injury accidents can occur. So analysis is undertaken from the unsafe behavior of the person.
②, material: analyzing unsafe factors of mechanical equipment, facilities and raw materials in the production process for the raw materials in mechanical equipment, facilities and production activities in an interpersonal system;
③ ring: the environment comprises illumination, a channel, equipment layout, an operation space, material stacking and a ground state;
fourthly, pipe: management means that a safety production responsibility system covering all management and operation posts is established, the responsibility of all the personnel of the enterprise in the safety production aspect is determined, a matched assessment mechanism is established, the responsibility system is ensured to be in place, and the responsibility of all the personnel is stimulated.
In this embodiment, the stage of constructing the model in step S2 is specifically as follows:
s201, determining an evaluation index: extracting a risk evaluation index according to the result of analyzing the risk factor; wherein the risk assessment index is one or more levels; wherein, the risk evaluation index needs to be concise, refined and quantized as much as possible. For example, in bridge evaluation, indexes such as the grade, length, width, material, and service life of a bridge are all quantifiable indexes. Therefore, when a certain bridge is evaluated, the index value can be automatically filled after the basic data of the bridge is accessed.
S202, configuring indexes;
s203, configuring a safety grade division standard: and determining the important, larger, general and low-risk grade scoring areas according to the specific conditions of the index system.
In this embodiment, the configuration indexes of step S202 are specifically as follows:
s20201, determining a scoring mode: the scoring mode of the index comprises an adding system and a deducting system, wherein the adding system means that the higher the score is, the higher the risk level is; the deduction system means that the lower the score is, the higher the risk level is;
s20202, configuring index scores: setting the score of the index system by adopting a weight method and a score method; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when a weight method is adopted, determining the weight of each index by adopting a hierarchical index method or an expert scoring method, wherein the sum of the weights of each level is 1; when the value-dividing method is adopted, the sum of the values of each level is 100;
s20203, configuration of scoring items: configuring a scoring item for each final scoring index; for example, the index of the construction scale of the bridge may be four scoring items of a grand bridge, a big bridge, a middle bridge and a small bridge.
In this embodiment, when the scoring items are configured in step S20203, a score is set for each scoring item, and the specific case when the score is set is as follows:
firstly, when the accumulated score is not needed, only one score of the scoring items is effective, and the sum of the scores of all the scoring items is less than or equal to the score of the index;
when the scoring is needed to be accumulated, the score of each selected scoring item is accumulated as the score of the index;
and thirdly, when each scoring item needs to calculate the number, the scoring items are configured independently.
In this embodiment, the stage of using the model in step S3 is specifically as follows:
s301, model release: through a caching technology, model data which is unchangeable for a long time is cached through a redis database, and is preferentially obtained from the cache when in use; if the cache does not exist, obtaining the data from the database and storing the data in the cache; the types of the models comprise a system preset type and an enterprise self-defined type;
the system preset model has certain universality and authority, can be a safety production supervision department belonging to a local district, and is a model formulated by organizing the research and discussion of industry experts aiming at enterprises of different industry types; after the model is released, the enterprise can adopt the model to carry out risk assessment.
If the model is not suitable for the enterprise, the enterprise can be adjusted in a proper amount based on the model to form an enterprise self-defined model, and the enterprise can organize experts to study and reformulate a suitable enterprise model.
All enterprises of the system preset model can use the system preset model, and only the enterprise can use the enterprise self-defining model.
S302, determining a risk assessment object: selecting a risk assessment model according to the property and the type of an assessment object, and setting a task of risk assessment, such as periodic assessment or one-time assessment; wherein the risk assessment objects comprise enterprises, projects and buildings;
s303, risk assessment: when a risk evaluator performs risk evaluation, manually selecting a risk index meeting conditions, and finally taking the calculated evaluation score and the risk grade as the standard;
s304, risk assessment reporting: and generating a risk assessment report in a pdf format, and viewing the report on line or downloading and storing the report.
The risk assessment model is a system preset model and is a model asset in 6 industrial fields of heat supply, gas supply, building, traffic, fire protection and chemical engineering.
Model of heating industry: the heat source risk source evaluation table of the urban heating system is shown as the following table:
model of gas supply industry: the risk source evaluation table of the urban gas transmission and distribution system is shown as the following table:
model of the construction industry: the job site inspection score table (safety management) is as follows:
model of the traffic industry: the road section risk source grade grading evaluation index is shown in the following table:
model of fire control field: the fire safety rating table for the crowded place is as follows:
model of chemical industry: the risk source evaluation table of the hazardous chemical working unit is as follows:
example 2:
taking an enterprise as an example, as shown in fig. 2, when an enterprise user performs risk assessment, the assessment steps are as follows:
(1) establishing a risk evaluation group;
(2) determining an evaluation object;
(3) determining an applicable evaluation index and specific evaluation content according to the category of the evaluation object;
(4) according to the requirement of the evaluation index, the actual situation of the evaluation object is combined, and evaluation is carried out through modes of data examination, investigation and inquiry, sampling detection and the like;
(5) summarizing inspection results, test data, inquiry records and related certification documents;
(6) and scoring to obtain an evaluation result and an evaluation conclusion.
Example 3:
the invention discloses a risk assessment system based on configuration, which comprises,
an analysis unit for analyzing the risk factors;
the construction unit is used for constructing a risk index model;
the release unit is used for releasing the model, caching the model data which is invariable for a long time through a redis database by a caching technology, and preferentially acquiring the model data from the cache when in use; if the cache does not exist, obtaining the data from the database and storing the data in the cache; the types of the models comprise a system preset type and an enterprise self-defined type;
the determining unit is used for determining a risk assessment object, selecting a risk assessment model according to the property and the type of the assessment object, and setting a task of risk assessment; wherein the risk assessment objects comprise enterprises, projects and buildings;
the evaluation unit is used for risk evaluation, when a risk evaluator performs the risk evaluation, the risk indicator meeting the conditions is manually selected, and finally the calculated evaluation score and the risk grade are taken as the standard;
and the generating unit is used for generating a risk assessment report in a pdf format, and viewing or downloading and storing the risk assessment report on line.
The construction unit in this embodiment comprises,
the determining module is used for determining the evaluation index and extracting the risk evaluation index according to the result of analyzing the risk factor; wherein the risk assessment index is one or more levels;
the configuration module is used for configuring indexes;
and the division module is used for configuring a safety grade division standard and determining the important, larger, common and low-risk grade division areas according to the specific conditions of the index system.
The configuration module in this embodiment includes a configuration module,
the scoring submodule is used for determining a scoring mode, the scoring mode of the index comprises an adding system and a deducting system, and the adding system means that the score is higher and the risk level is higher; the deduction system means that the lower the score is, the higher the risk level is;
the score submodule is used for configuring index scores and setting the scores of the index system by adopting a weight method and a value-dividing method; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when a weight method is adopted, determining the weight of each index by adopting a hierarchical index method or an expert scoring method, wherein the sum of the weights of each level is 1; when the value-dividing method is adopted, the sum of the values of each level is 100;
and the item submodule is used for configuring scoring items and configuring scoring items for each final-stage scoring index.
In this embodiment, when the project submodule configures the scoring projects, a score is set for each scoring project, and the specific conditions when the score is set are as follows:
when the accumulated score is not needed, only one score of the scoring items takes effect, and the sum of the scores of all the scoring items is less than or equal to the score of the index;
when the scoring is required to be accumulated, the score of each selected scoring item is accumulated into the score of the index;
when each scoring item needs to count, the scoring items are configured separately.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A risk assessment method based on configuration is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a model building stage: constructing indexes by adopting a hierarchical index method, configuring the contents of the indexes, and determining risk levels through a safety risk level division rule;
a model using stage: the authority and the specialty of the government-side release model are guaranteed by the enterprise-side using the government segment release model by using the government-side release model.
2. The configuration-based risk assessment method according to claim 1, wherein before the model building stage, the risk factors are analyzed from four-element people, things, loops and pipes of safety production management, specifically as follows:
human: the system refers to the staff of an enterprise, relates to all staff in the enterprise, and is a basic object and a core of safety production management;
an object: analyzing unsafe factors of mechanical equipment, facilities and raw materials in the production process for the raw materials in mechanical equipment, facilities and production activities in an interpersonal system;
and (3) ring: the environment comprises illumination, a channel, equipment layout, an operation space, material stacking and a ground state;
tube: management means that a safety production responsibility system covering all management and operation posts is established, the responsibility of all the personnel of the enterprise in the safety production aspect is determined, a matched assessment mechanism is established, the responsibility system is ensured to be in place, and the responsibility of all the personnel is stimulated.
3. The configuration-based risk assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the model building stage is specifically as follows:
determining an evaluation index: extracting a risk evaluation index according to the result of analyzing the risk factor; wherein the risk assessment index is one or more levels;
configuring indexes;
configuring a safety grading standard: and determining the important, larger, general and low-risk grade scoring areas according to the specific conditions of the index system.
4. The configuration-based risk assessment method according to claim 3, wherein the configuration indexes are as follows:
determining a scoring mode: the scoring mode of the index comprises an adding system and a deducting system, wherein the adding system means that the higher the score is, the higher the risk level is; the deduction system means that the lower the score is, the higher the risk level is;
configuring index score: setting the score of the index system by adopting a weight method and a score method; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when a weight method is adopted, determining the weight of each index by adopting a hierarchical index method or an expert scoring method, wherein the sum of the weights of each level is 1; when the value-dividing method is adopted, the sum of the values of each level is 100;
and (3) configuring scoring items: and configuring a scoring item for each final-stage scoring index.
5. The configuration-based risk assessment method according to claim 4, wherein a score is set for each scoring item when the scoring items are configured, and the specific conditions when the scores are set are as follows:
when the accumulated score is not needed, only one score of the scoring items takes effect, and the sum of the scores of all the scoring items is less than or equal to the score of the index;
when the scoring is required to be accumulated, the score of each selected scoring item is accumulated into the score of the index;
when each scoring item needs to count, the scoring items are configured separately.
6. The configuration-based risk assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the model phase is specifically as follows:
model release: through a caching technology, model data which is unchangeable for a long time is cached through a redis database, and is preferentially obtained from the cache when in use; if the cache does not exist, obtaining the data from the database and storing the data in the cache; the types of the models comprise a system preset type and an enterprise self-defined type;
determining a risk assessment subject: selecting a risk evaluation model according to the property and the type of an evaluation object, and setting a task of risk evaluation; wherein the risk assessment objects comprise enterprises, projects and buildings;
and (3) risk assessment: when a risk evaluator performs risk evaluation, manually selecting a risk index meeting conditions, and finally taking the calculated evaluation score and the risk grade as the standard;
and (3) reporting risk assessment: and generating a risk assessment report in a pdf format, and viewing the report on line or downloading and storing the report.
7. A risk assessment system based on configuration, characterized in that the system comprises,
an analysis unit for analyzing the risk factors;
the construction unit is used for constructing a risk index model;
the release unit is used for releasing the model, caching the model data which is invariable for a long time through a redis database by a caching technology, and preferentially acquiring the model data from the cache when in use; if the cache does not exist, obtaining the data from the database and storing the data in the cache; the types of the models comprise a system preset type and an enterprise self-defined type;
the determining unit is used for determining a risk assessment object, selecting a risk assessment model according to the property and the type of the assessment object, and setting a task of risk assessment; wherein the risk assessment objects comprise enterprises, projects and buildings;
the evaluation unit is used for risk evaluation, when a risk evaluator performs the risk evaluation, the risk indicator meeting the conditions is manually selected, and finally the calculated evaluation score and the risk grade are taken as the standard;
and the generating unit is used for generating a risk assessment report in a pdf format, and viewing or downloading and storing the risk assessment report on line.
8. The configuration-based risk assessment system according to claim 7, wherein said building unit comprises,
the determining module is used for determining the evaluation index and extracting the risk evaluation index according to the result of analyzing the risk factor; wherein the risk assessment index is one or more levels;
the configuration module is used for configuring indexes;
and the division module is used for configuring a safety grade division standard and determining the important, larger, common and low-risk grade division areas according to the specific conditions of the index system.
9. The configuration-based risk assessment system according to claim 8, wherein said configuration module comprises,
the scoring submodule is used for determining a scoring mode, the scoring mode of the index comprises an adding system and a deducting system, and the adding system means that the score is higher and the risk level is higher; the deduction system means that the lower the score is, the higher the risk level is;
the score submodule is used for configuring index scores and setting the scores of the index system by adopting a weight method and a value-dividing method; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when a weight method is adopted, determining the weight of each index by adopting a hierarchical index method or an expert scoring method, wherein the sum of the weights of each level is 1; when the value-dividing method is adopted, the sum of the values of each level is 100;
and the item submodule is used for configuring scoring items and configuring scoring items for each final-stage scoring index.
10. The configuration-based risk assessment system according to claim 9, wherein the item sub-module sets a score for each scoring item when configuring the scoring item, and the score is set as follows:
when the accumulated score is not needed, only one score of the scoring items takes effect, and the sum of the scores of all the scoring items is less than or equal to the score of the index;
when the scoring is required to be accumulated, the score of each selected scoring item is accumulated into the score of the index;
when each scoring item needs to count, the scoring items are configured separately.
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