CN112925026A - Stratum structure investigation system and method combining VSP and sonic logging - Google Patents
Stratum structure investigation system and method combining VSP and sonic logging Download PDFInfo
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- CN112925026A CN112925026A CN202110120151.0A CN202110120151A CN112925026A CN 112925026 A CN112925026 A CN 112925026A CN 202110120151 A CN202110120151 A CN 202110120151A CN 112925026 A CN112925026 A CN 112925026A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/16—Survey configurations
- G01V2210/161—Vertical seismic profiling [VSP]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stratum structure investigation system and a stratum structure investigation method combining VSP and sonic logging, wherein a first port of a first circulator is connected with a sending end of a uDAS instrument, a second port of the first circulator is connected with a first port of a second circulator through a VSP optical cable, a third port of the first circulator is connected with a receiving end of the uDAS instrument, a second port of the second circulator is connected with a sonic logging device, and a third port of the second circulator is connected with the receiving end of the uDAS instrument. The invention utilizes the same laser pulse sent by the uDAS to simultaneously complete VSP logging and acoustic logging, carries out stratum structure exploration, improves the efficiency and saves the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geophysical exploration, and particularly relates to a stratum structure investigation system and method combining VSP and sonic logging.
Background
Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) is a seismic survey method that generally corresponds to a surface survey seismic profile that, when using conventional geophones, excites seismic waves at points near the surface of the earth while observing at geophone points along a surface survey line; the vertical seismic profile also excites seismic waves at some points near the earth surface, but the vertical seismic profile is observed at some wave detection points arranged along different depths of a well head, seamless observation can be realized when novel optical fiber is used for wave detection, and all positions in the well can be observed simultaneously by arranging an optical cable in the well.
The acoustic logging is a logging method for researching a geological profile of a drilled well and judging the well cementation quality by utilizing different acoustic characteristics such as speed, amplitude, frequency change and the like when acoustic waves propagate in different rocks; sonic logging is a method of logging formation properties in a borehole by studying the sonic velocity in the formation, a commonly used sonic velocity logging tool comprising a sonic generator (T) and two receivers (R0, R1), the recorded parameter being the time difference between the arrival of the sonic wave at the two receivers, i.e. the time required for the sonic wave to propagate in the formation between the two receivers; in practice, it is a time measurement system, the speed of sound wave propagation in rock formation is determined by the elasticity and density of rock and the properties of fluid in pores, a controlled acoustic vibration source is put into the well, the sound wave from the sound source causes the vibration of surrounding particles, bulk waves, i.e. longitudinal waves and transverse waves, are generated in the formation, induced interfacial waves, i.e. pseudo-rayleigh waves and stoneley waves, are generated on the well wall-drilling fluid interface, these waves are used as carriers of formation information, are received by downhole receivers and sent to the surface for recording, i.e. acoustic logging.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the stratum structure investigation system combining VSP and sonic logging provided by the invention solves the problems of low investigation efficiency and high cost of the existing investigation method.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a stratum structure investigation system combining VSP and sonic logging comprises a uDAS VSP optical cable, a sonic logging device, a first circulator and a second circulator;
the first port of the first circulator is connected with the transmitting end of the uDAS instrument, the second port of the first circulator is connected with the first port of the second circulator through a VSP optical cable, the third port of the first circulator is connected with the first receiving end of the uDAS instrument, the second port of the second circulator is connected with the acoustic logging device, and the third port of the second circulator is connected with the second receiving end of the uDAS instrument.
Further, the uDAS instrument is used for detecting and recovering vibration signals and sound wave signals received by the VSP optical cable and the sound wave logging device, and demodulating the vibration signals and the sound wave signals;
the VSP optical cable is used for receiving a vibration signal of a stratum structure caused by an excitation source and sending the vibration signal to the uDAS instrument through the first circulator;
the acoustic logging device is used for sending acoustic signals, receiving the acoustic signals reflected by the stratum structure, and sending the acoustic signals to the uDAS instrument through the second circulator;
the first circulator is used as a transmission medium for feeding back vibration signals to the uDAS instrument;
the second ring is used as a transmission medium for feeding back the acoustic wave signals to the uDAS instrument.
Further, the acoustic logging device comprises a sound production unit, an acoustic receiving unit and a protective sleeve;
the sounding unit and the sound wave receiving unit are both arranged in the protective sleeve, and the sounding unit is arranged above the sound wave receiving unit;
a plurality of sound wave receiving units are arranged inside the protective sleeve, and each sound wave receiving unit is spaced by a vibration isolation layer.
Further, each sound wave receiving unit comprises a receiving column and an optical cable, the optical cable is wound on the receiving column, and the optical cable wound on each receiving column is connected end to end;
and an optical cable is wound outside all the receiving columns, the head end of the optical cable is connected with the second port of the second circulator, and the tail end of the optical cable is subjected to extinction treatment.
Further, the receiving column is of a hollow thin-wall cylindrical structure;
the thin-wall cylindrical structure is made of elastic metal or elastic nonmetal;
and the surface of the thin-wall cylindrical structure is provided with a spiral groove matched with the shape of the optical cable.
Further, the bending angle of the optical cable wound on the receiving column is larger than the bending radius of the optical cable.
Further, the sound production unit is a structure made of any one of materials with a photoacoustic effect or electrically driven materials.
A method of stratigraphic structure investigation combining VSP with sonic logging, comprising the steps of:
s1, installing the acoustic logging device at a position where stratum structure investigation is needed;
s2, pulse laser light emitted by a transmitting end of the uDAS enters the VSP optical cable through the first circulator;
s3, enabling backward scattered light carrying vibration signals generated by pulse laser propagating in the VSP optical cable to return to a first receiving end of the uDAS instrument through a third port of the first circulator, and demodulating corresponding vibration information;
s4, enabling the pulse laser to pass through the VSP optical cable and then enter the optical cable wound on the sonic logging device from the second port of the second circulator;
s5, sending sound waves through a sound-producing unit in the acoustic logging device to enable the sound waves to be reflected by the ground structure around the acoustic logging device, and receiving the reflected sound waves through an optical cable wound on the acoustic logging device when pulse laser light passes through the optical cable;
s6, returning backward scattered light carrying sound wave signals in an optical cable wound on the sound wave logging device to a second receiving end of the uDAS instrument through a third port of the second circulator, and demodulating corresponding sound wave information;
and S7, restoring the geological structure at the corresponding position based on the demodulated vibration information and the demodulated sound wave information, and realizing the investigation of the stratum structure.
Further, the step S1 is specifically:
the top end of the acoustic logging device is connected with an acoustic logging vehicle through a rope, and the acoustic logging vehicle controls the acoustic logging device to lift and move to a position where stratum structure recovery is needed;
the elevation movement of the sonic logging device does not affect the VSP cable position.
Further, in step S7, the stratum structure around the VSP optical cable is restored based on the demodulated vibration information, and the stratum structure around the sonic logging device is restored based on the demodulated sonic information, so that stratum structure information with different abundance degrees and quality is obtained, and stratum structure investigation is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention utilizes the same laser pulse sent by the uDAS to simultaneously complete VSP logging and acoustic logging, carries out stratum structure exploration, improves the efficiency and saves the cost;
(2) according to the invention, the crosstalk of VSP logging and acoustic logging is effectively isolated by utilizing the characteristics of the circulator, and the vibration signal received by the VSP optical cable and the acoustic signal received by the acoustic logging device can be accurately distinguished;
(3) when the sound production device of the acoustic logging device is made of materials with the photoacoustic effect, the underground all-optical cable exploration can be realized, and the advantage of high temperature and high pressure resistance of the optical cable is fully utilized, so that the acoustic logging device is suitable for various types (such as deep well high temperature wells and the like);
(4) in the method, the VSP optical cable and the optical cable wound on the acoustic logging device can be used for receiving signals and transmitting the signals, and the problem of high-speed transmission of a large number of signals received in a well is solved due to the advantage that the optical fiber can transmit large-capacity signals;
(5) in the practical use process of the invention, the VSP optical cable and the acoustic logging device can be regarded as two-stage optical cable collection, the laser pulse repetition frequency of the uDAS instrument can be improved, and the quality of collected vibration signals can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for investigating a formation structure by combining VSP and sonic logging provided by the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of two cable winding methods for an acoustic logging device according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for recovering a formation structure by combining VSP and sonic logging provided by the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a system for investigating the formation structure by combining a VSP and a sonic logging device according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the winding of the cable on the receiving column according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for investigating a formation structure by combining VSP and sonic logging provided by the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the sonic logging apparatus and the sonic logging truck according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1, uDAS instrument; 2. a first circulator; 3. a VSP optical cable; 4. a second circulator; 5. a sound emitting unit; 6. a receiving column; 7. an optical cable; 8. a protective sleeve; 9. a vibration isolation layer; 10. and an acoustic wave receiving unit.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a stratum structure investigation system combining VSP and sonic logging comprises a uDAS instrument 1, a VSP optical cable 3, a sonic logging device, a first circulator 2 and a second circulator 4;
the first port of first circulator 2 and the sending end of uDAS instrument 1 with be connected, the second port of first circulator 2 passes through VSP optical cable 3 and is connected with the first port of second circulator 4, the third port of first circulator 2 is connected with the first receiving terminal of uDAS instrument 1, the second port of second circulator 4 is connected with acoustic logging device, the third port of second circulator 4 is connected with the second receiving terminal of uDAS instrument 1.
The uDAS instrument 1 in the embodiment is used for detecting and recovering vibration signals and acoustic signals received by the VSP optical cable 3 and the acoustic logging device, and demodulating the vibration signals and the acoustic signals;
the VSP optical cable 3 is used for receiving a vibration signal of a stratum structure caused by an excitation source and sending the vibration signal to the uDAS instrument 1 through the first circulator 2;
the acoustic logging device is used for sending acoustic signals, receiving the acoustic signals reflected by the stratum structure, and sending the acoustic signals to the uDAS instrument 1 through the second circulator 4;
the first circulator 2 is used as a transmission medium for feeding back vibration signals to the uDAS instrument 1;
the second circulator 4 is used as a transmission medium for acoustic signals fed back to the uDAS instrument 1.
In the above components of this embodiment, the uDAS instrument 1 is a phase-sensitive optical fiber distributed vibration demodulation system based on an optical time domain reflectometry technique, a transmitting end of the uDAS instrument 1 transmits pulse laser to enter a sensing optical cable, the pulse laser generates backward rayleigh scattered light when propagating in the optical cable, the rayleigh scattered light carries phase information, the rayleigh scattered light returns to a receiving end of the uDAS instrument 1 along the optical cable, the receiving end of the uDAS instrument 1 can demodulate the phase information, when external vibration or sound wave acts on the optical cable, the phase information of the rayleigh scattered light changes, and the uDAS instrument 1 can receive the change of the phase information; the VSP is a method for observing a seismic wave field in a well and recording seismic signals generated by a ground vibration source by using a seismic detector, the VSP optical cable 3 in the invention specifically means that the optical cable is laid in the well as the seismic detector, the seismic signals generated when a ground seismic source or a well gun is excited are received by the optical cable, and the uDAS instrument 1 receives and demodulates the seismic signals; the acoustic logging in the invention refers to a logging method for researching a drilling geological profile and judging well cementation quality by utilizing different acoustic characteristics such as speed, amplitude and frequency changes when acoustic waves propagate in different rocks, and the acoustic logging in the invention refers to that acoustic waves are sent out by a sound-producing device through a part of a sound-producing unit 5 and an acoustic wave receiving unit 10 which are included in the acoustic logging device, the stratum structure around the acoustic logging device reflects the acoustic waves, the acoustic wave receiving unit 10 receives the acoustic waves, acoustic wave information is demodulated by a uDAS instrument 1, and geological structure recovery is carried out.
Specifically, the acoustic logging apparatus in fig. 1 includes a sounding unit 5, an acoustic receiving unit 10, and a protective casing 8;
as shown in fig. 2-4, the sound generating unit 5 and the sound wave receiving unit 10 are both disposed inside the protective cover 8, and the sound generating unit 5 is disposed above the sound wave receiving unit 10; a plurality of sound wave receiving units 10 are arranged in the protective sleeve 8, each sound wave receiving unit 10 is separated by a vibration isolation layer 9, and the vibration isolation layers 9 are used for isolating or weakening vibration signals; the direction of the sound wave signal returned by the stratum structure can be identified according to the position of each sound wave receiving unit 10 by arranging the plurality of sound wave receiving units 10, so that the accuracy of stratum structure recovery is improved; by wrapping the protective sleeve 8 outside the acoustic wave receiving unit 10, the service life of the acoustic logging device can be prolonged.
Each sound wave receiving unit 10 comprises a receiving column 6 and an optical cable 7, the optical cable 7 is wound on the receiving column 6, and the optical cables wound on each receiving column 6 are connected end to end; and an optical cable is wound outside all the receiving columns 6, the head end of the optical cable is connected with the second port of the second circulator, and the tail end of the optical cable is subjected to extinction treatment. The top of the optical cable 7 wound on each receiving column 6 is connected with the second port of the second circulator 4, the tail of the optical cable 7 is provided with an extinction structure, and extinction can be realized by installing an optical isolator or knotting treatment so as to avoid strong reflection at the tail end of the optical cable 7 from influencing signal quality;
in addition, as shown in fig. 5, the optical cable 7 on the receiving column 6 can be wound in a continuous winding mode, or can be wound in a mode of winding for a certain length and then continuously winding at a certain distance; the receiving column 6 is a hollow thin-wall cylindrical structure, and the thin-wall cylindrical structure is made of elastic metal or elastic nonmetal so as to facilitate sound wave response; the surface of the thin-wall cylindrical structure is provided with a spiral groove matched with the shape of the optical cable 7, so that the optical cable 7 is wound on the thin-wall cylindrical structure more stably; the bending angle of the optical cable 7 wound on the receiving column 6 is larger than the bending radius of the optical cable, the sound generating unit 5 is made of any one of materials with a photoacoustic effect or electrically driven materials, and the laser sound generating unit 5 can be controlled to emit sound waves or an electrically driven sound generating device can be selected to emit sound waves.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 6: a method of stratigraphic structure investigation combining VSP with sonic logging, comprising the steps of:
s1, installing the acoustic logging device at a position where stratum structure investigation is needed;
s2, pulse laser light emitted by a transmitting end of the uDAS enters the VSP optical cable through the first circulator;
s3, enabling backward scattered light carrying vibration signals generated by pulse laser propagating in the VSP optical cable to return to a first receiving end of the uDAS instrument through a third port of the first circulator, and demodulating corresponding vibration information;
specifically, the pulse laser propagates in the VSP optical cable to generate backscattered light carrying vibration information, and the backscattered light returns along the optical cable and returns to the first receiving end of the uDAS instrument through the third port of the first circulator;
s4, enabling the pulse laser to pass through the VSP optical cable and then enter the optical cable wound on the sonic logging device from the second port of the second circulator;
s5, sending sound waves through a sound-producing unit in the acoustic logging device to enable the sound waves to be reflected by the ground structure around the acoustic logging device, and receiving the reflected sound waves through an optical cable wound on the acoustic logging device when pulse laser light passes through the optical cable;
s6, returning backward scattered light carrying sound wave signals in an optical cable wound on the sound wave logging device to a second receiving end of the uDAS instrument through a third port of the second circulator, and demodulating corresponding sound wave information;
and S7, restoring the geological structure at the corresponding position based on the demodulated vibration information and the demodulated sound wave information, and realizing the investigation of the stratum structure.
The step S1 is specifically:
as shown in fig. 7, the top end of the acoustic logging device is connected with the acoustic logging vehicle through a rope, and the acoustic logging vehicle controls the acoustic logging device to move up and down to a position where the stratum structure needs to be restored; the elevation movement of the sonic logging device does not affect the position of the VSP cable.
In the step S7, the stratum structure around the VSP optical cable is restored based on the demodulated vibration information, and the stratum structure around the sonic logging device is restored based on the demodulated sonic information, so that stratum structure information with different abundance degrees and quality is obtained, and stratum structure investigation is realized.
Claims (10)
1. A stratum structure investigation system combining VSP and sonic logging is characterized in that a uDAS instrument (1), a VSP optical cable (3), a sonic logging device, a first circulator (2) and a second circulator (4);
the first port of first circulator (2) and the sending end of uDAS instrument (1) with be connected, the second port of first circulator (2) passes through VSP optical cable (3) and is connected with the first port of second circulator (4), the third port of first circulator (2) is connected with the first receiving terminal of uDAS instrument (1), the second port of second circulator (4) is connected with acoustic logging device, the third port of second circulator (4) is connected with the second receiving terminal of uDAS instrument (1).
2. The system for investigation of the stratigraphic structure combining VSP and sonic logging according to claim 1, characterized in that the uDAS instrument (1) is used to detect and recover and demodulate the vibration signals and sonic signals received by VSP cable (3) and sonic logging device;
the VSP optical cable (3) is used for receiving a vibration signal of a stratum structure caused by an excitation source and sending the vibration signal to the uDAS instrument (1) through the first circulator (2); (ii) a
The acoustic logging device is used for sending acoustic signals, receiving the acoustic signals reflected by the stratum structure, and sending the acoustic signals to the uDAS instrument (1) through the second circulator (4);
the first circulator (2) is used as a transmission medium for feeding back vibration signals to the uDAS instrument (1);
the second circulator (4) is used as a transmission medium for feeding back the acoustic wave signal to the uDAS instrument (1).
3. A system for investigation of the formation structure combining VSP and sonic logging according to claim 1, characterized in that the sonic logging device comprises a sound unit (5), a sonic receiving unit (10) and a protective casing (8);
the sound production unit (5) and the sound wave receiving unit (10) are arranged inside the protective sleeve (8), and the sound production unit (5) is arranged above the sound wave receiving unit (10);
a plurality of sound wave receiving units (10) are arranged in the protective sleeve (8), and each sound wave receiving unit (10) is spaced by a vibration isolation layer (9).
4. A system for stratigraphic structure investigation combining VSP with sonic logging according to claim 3, characterized in that each of the sonic receiving units (10) comprises a receiving column (6) and an optical cable (7), the optical cable (7) being wound around the receiving column (6), the optical cable (7) wound around each receiving column (6) being connected end to end; and the head end of the optical cable is connected with the second port of the second circulator (4), and the tail end of the optical cable is subjected to extinction treatment.
5. A system for investigating the stratigraphic structure by combining VSP with sonic logging according to claim 4, characterized in that the receiving column (6) is a hollow thin-walled cylindrical structure;
the thin-wall cylindrical structure is made of elastic metal or elastic nonmetal;
the surface of the thin-wall cylindrical structure is provided with a spiral groove matched with the shape of the optical cable (7).
6. The system for stratigraphic structure investigation correlating VSP with sonic logging according to claim 3, characterized in that the bending angle of the optical cable (7) wound on the receiving column (6) is larger than its bending radius.
7. A system for investigating the structure of a formation by combining VSP with sonic logging according to claim 3, characterised in that the sound unit (5) is a structure made of any one of a material with a photoacoustic effect or an electrically driven material.
8. A stratum structure investigation method combining VSP and sonic logging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, installing the acoustic logging device at a position where stratum structure investigation is needed;
s2, pulse laser light emitted by a transmitting end of the uDAS enters the VSP optical cable through the first circulator;
s3, enabling backward scattered light carrying vibration signals generated by pulse laser propagating in the VSP optical cable to return to a first receiving end of the uDAS instrument through a third port of the first circulator, and demodulating corresponding vibration information;
s4, enabling the pulse laser to pass through the VSP optical cable and then enter the optical cable wound on the sonic logging device from the second port of the second circulator;
s5, sending sound waves through a sound-producing unit in the acoustic logging device to enable the sound waves to be reflected by the ground structure around the acoustic logging device, and receiving the reflected sound waves through an optical cable wound on the acoustic logging device when pulse laser light passes through the optical cable;
s6, returning backward scattered light carrying sound wave signals in an optical cable wound on the sound wave logging device to a second receiving end of the uDAS instrument through a third port of the second circulator, and demodulating corresponding sound wave information;
and S7, restoring the geological structure at the corresponding position based on the demodulated vibration information and the demodulated sound wave information, and realizing the investigation of the stratum structure.
9. The method for investigating a stratigraphic structure combining VSP and sonic logging according to claim 8, wherein the step S1 is specifically:
the top end of the acoustic logging device is connected with an acoustic logging vehicle through a rope, and the acoustic logging vehicle controls the acoustic logging device to lift and move to a position where stratum structure recovery is needed;
the elevation movement of the sonic logging device does not affect the VSP cable position.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein in step S7, the stratum structure around the VSP cable is restored based on the demodulated vibration information, the stratum structure around the sonic logging device is restored based on the demodulated sonic information, and further stratum structure information with different abundance and quality is obtained to realize stratum structure investigation.
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