CN112924985B - Mixed laser radar for Mars atmospheric detection - Google Patents
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- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hybrid laser radar for Mars atmospheric detection, which comprises a single optical transceiver module, a first optical transceiver module and a second optical transceiver module, wherein the single optical transceiver module is used for acquiring a back scattering signal from Mars atmospheric molecules and dust; the coherent balance detection module mixes the local oscillation light and the atmospheric echo signal into an intermediate frequency electric signal and converts the intermediate frequency electric signal into a high-speed analog electric signal, and the Mars atmospheric wind field is obtained through data processing; the single photon direct detection module is used for measuring photon electric signals of all channels to obtain photon counts of all channels; the data processing module obtains polarized light and a concentration of spark aerosol particles. The invention uses the signal-to-noise ratio of coherent detection and the photon number of direct detection to calibrate the laser power and the stability of echo signals, and is used for detecting the content of carbon dioxide gas. The invention has the advantages of large dynamic range by single photon direct detection, small data processing calculation amount, high coherent detection sensitivity and good amplification on weak signals, and solves the problem of multi-atmosphere parameter detection of the Mars atmosphere detection laser radar under the condition of not increasing load weight and complexity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser radars, and particularly relates to a hybrid laser radar for Mars atmosphere detection.
Background
Mars detection is a focus of solar system detection and planetary science at home and abroad, human Mars detection has been developed for nearly 60 years, the detection mode is from flying to surrounding remote sensing detection, and then to unmanned landers and Mars vehicle in-place detection, and a large amount of scientific data is accumulated. In 2020, china transmitted a first-day Mars detector, and China plans to develop first Mars detection and Mars sampling return in 2020-2030, and Mars/Mars sampling return and Mars manned detection in each country around the world are also planned to be realized in the future 10-20 years.
Currently, the Mars atmosphere is less than 1% of the earth, and carbon dioxide is mainly circulated between the atmosphere and the polar ice cover, so that the atmospheric pressure fluctuates by about 30% each year in the normal year. Mars dust is a key contributor to Mars weather. The scattering and absorption of light by Mars dust is the dominant factor in controlling sky color, so Mars sky tends to be reddish, while sunset tends to be blue, contrary to the earth. Dust wind is common at various scales from dust wind to regional or global dust storms, and once raised, dust can stay in the atmosphere for months.
What are the climate processes and history on the spark? How does the climate and atmosphere change over time? How do the planet atmospheres evolve and what are their constitution and dynamics? How does the magnetic field affect the surface of the planet, the atmosphere and the near space? How does the solar system celestial body interact with its spatial environment (and what is the result)? What are evidence of geologic climate change and driving factors? What are the atmospheric evolution causes, effects and roles of planet-level extreme weather events (e.g., mars storm? What are spark climate changes inspiring on earth's climate changes? Is the association of early climate with livability/life origin? How do provision for a carrier to visit a fire? What is humans exploring on moon and mars? What spark knowledge is needed to design and implement manned login tasks and manned residence tasks with acceptable cost, risk and performance? Is the aerodynamics predictable? These are all problems that the current detection means cannot accurately answer, and further scientific observation is needed, especially new high-space-time resolution and multi-parameter Mars atmosphere remote sensing observation.
The all-fiber atmospheric laser radar is used as a popular active atmospheric remote sensing means, has the advantages of small volume, good stability, high measurement precision, high time and space resolution, easiness in realizing multi-atmospheric parameter detection and the like, and is very suitable for application scenes of interstellar detection, which require high measurement speed, high maneuverability and severe environment. Atmospheric lidars are classified into direct detection lidars and coherent detection lidars. Directly detecting the laser radar by using a photon counting detector, and obtaining atmospheric parameters such as a laser radar extinction ratio, an atmospheric depolarization ratio and the like by counting the number of echo photons; converting echo Doppler shift information into photon numbers by using an optical discriminatorAnd (3) the measurement of the atmospheric wind field is realized. The coherent detection laser radar realizes the measurement of atmospheric parameters such as an atmospheric wind field, a laser radar extinction ratio and the like through the coherent beat frequency of the atmospheric echo signal and the local oscillation laser and the signal power spectrum. The basic structure of the coherent laser radar is as shown in fig. 1: continuous wave laser CW produces center frequency v 0 Is divided into signal light and local oscillation light after passing through a beam splitter, the signal light is modulated into pulse light by an AOM (acousto-optic modulator), and upsilon is generated M And then the erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA amplifies power, and the amplified power is fed through the input end a of the circulator, then fed through the output end b of the circulator and finally emitted by the telescope. Let Doppler shift of pulsed light generated by wind field be v d The central frequency of the echo signal is v 0 +υ M +υ d After the echo signal and the local oscillation light are output through the output end c of the circulator and pass through the coupler, the beat frequency signals of the echo signal and the local oscillation light are converted into the frequency v through the photoelectric detector M +υ d And then the wind field information is obtained through sampling by an acquisition card ADC and subsequent circuit PC data processing analysis. The national institute of air and gas research center (NCAR) in the united states of america, qinetiQ in the united kingdom, the national institute of air and gas research center (NCAR) in the united kingdom, and the national coherent wind lidar system are well-established.
However, since the Mars atmospheric detection not only needs wind field detection, but also aerosol particle concentration, type and distribution detection; the carbon dioxide gas concentration detection, single coherent detection or direct detection cannot meet the requirements of Mars atmospheric detection at the same time, and due to the limitation of load weight, carrying a plurality of sets of atmospheric laser radar systems is difficult to realize, so that the development of Mars atmospheric detection is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a hybrid laser radar for Mars atmosphere detection.
The invention provides a hybrid laser radar for Mars atmospheric detection, which solves the problems by adopting the technical scheme that the hybrid laser radar comprises an optical transceiver module, a coherent balance detection module, a single photon direct detection module and a data processing module, wherein:
the optical transceiver module divides a variable-wavelength continuous wave laser signal into signal light and local oscillation light, obtains frequency shift pulse light with amplified energy, emits the frequency shift pulse light to the atmosphere, and obtains a backward scattering signal from Mars atmospheric molecules and dust;
the coherent balance detection module receives the backward scattering signal, intercepts the specular scattering, converts local oscillation light and an atmospheric echo signal into an intermediate frequency electric signal, and converts the intermediate frequency electric signal into a high-speed analog signal;
the single photon direct detection module is used for detecting photon signals of different polarization states, measuring single photon electric signals of different channels, and obtaining and outputting photon counts of each channel;
the first input end of the data processing module is connected with the output end of the coherent balance detection module, and the high-speed analog signal is subjected to wind field inversion to obtain a Mars atmospheric wind field; the second input end of the single photon direct detection module is connected with the output end of the single photon direct detection module, and polarized light and the concentration of the Mars aerosol particles are obtained through calculation according to different photon counts of different channels.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a hybrid laser radar for Mars atmospheric detection, which is based on an all-fiber structure and integrates a single photon direct detection module and a coherent balance detection module. The direct detection of the single photon principle is used for realizing aerosol particle concentration and distribution detection, and the polarization detection function is integrated for realizing aerosol particle type detection. The Mars atmospheric wind field and the atmospheric dynamic distribution detection are realized by utilizing a coherent balance detection module, and the carbon dioxide gas content detection is realized by using a sweep-frequency seed laser near the wavelength of 1572nm based on a coherent differential absorption principle.
The invention utilizes the laser, the acousto-optic modulator and the laser amplifier to realize the wavelength switching of the non-absorption spectrum line and the absorption spectrum line of the differential absorption laser radar by only changing the wavelength of the continuous wave of the laser and using the acousto-optic modulator and the laser amplifier. The invention utilizes the advantages of large dynamic range and small data processing calculation amount of the single photon direct detection module, and also utilizes the advantages of high sensitivity and good amplification to weak signals of the coherent detection module. When the Mars detection task is executed, the invention provides the hybrid laser radar for Mars atmospheric detection, which has one load and can meet the detection requirements of various atmospheric parameters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional coherent wind lidar;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid lidar for Mars atmospheric detection according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the principles of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Referring to fig. 2, a hybrid laser for Mars atmospheric detection according to the present invention is shown, which is composed of an optical transceiver module a, a coherent balance detection module B, a single photon direct detection module C, and a data processing module D, wherein:
the optical transceiver module A divides a variable-wavelength continuous wave laser signal into signal light and local oscillation light, obtains frequency shift pulse light with amplified energy, emits the frequency shift pulse light to the atmosphere, and obtains a backward scattering signal from Mars atmospheric molecules and dust;
the coherent balance detection module B receives the backward scattering signal, intercepts the specular scattering, mixes the local oscillation light with the atmospheric echo signal to convert the local oscillation light into an intermediate frequency electric signal, and converts the intermediate frequency electric signal into a high-speed analog signal;
the single photon direct detection module C is used for detecting photon signals of different polarization states, measuring single photon electric signals of different channels, and obtaining and outputting photon counts of each channel;
the first input end of the data processing module D is connected with the output end of the coherent balance detection module B, and wind field inversion is carried out on the high-speed analog signals to obtain a Mars atmospheric wind field; the second input end of the single photon direct detection module is connected with the output end of the single photon direct detection module C, and polarized light and the concentration of the Mars aerosol particles are obtained through calculation according to different photon counts of different channels.
Referring to fig. 2, the optical transceiver module a, the coherent balance detection module B, the single photon direct detection module C and the data processing module D in the hybrid laser radar for Mars atmospheric detection of the present invention are shown, and the specific implementation technical scheme is as follows:
specifically, the technical scheme of the implementation of the optical transceiver module A is as follows: the device consists of a laser 1, an optical fiber beam splitter 2, an acousto-optic modulator 3, a laser amplifier 4, an optical fiber circulator 5 and a telescope 6, wherein:
the light inlet of the optical fiber beam splitter 2 is connected with the laser 1 and is used for receiving and dividing a variable-wavelength continuous wave laser signal into signal light and local oscillation light;
the light inlet of the acousto-optic modulator 3 is connected with the output end of the optical fiber beam splitter 2 and is used for modulating signal light into frequency-shift pulse light;
the light inlet of the laser amplifier 4 is connected with the light outlet of the acousto-optic modulator 3 to obtain energy amplified frequency shift pulse light;
the first port a of the optical fiber circulator 5 is connected with the light outlet of the laser amplifier 4 and is used for emitting energy-amplified frequency-shift pulse light;
the outgoing module O of the telescope 6 is connected to the second port b of the optical fiber circulator 5, and is configured to output the energy-amplified frequency-shifted pulse light to the atmosphere, and obtain a backscatter signal from Mars atmospheric molecules and dust.
Specifically, the technical scheme of the specific implementation of the coherent balance detection module B is as follows: the device consists of an optical switch 7, a coupler 8, a balance detector 9 and a high-speed analog signal acquisition card 10, wherein:
the light inlet of the optical switch 7 is connected with the third port c of the optical fiber circulator 5 and is used for receiving the backward scattering signal and cutting off the specular scattering;
the first light inlet of the coupler 8 is connected with the light inlet of the optical fiber beam splitter 2 and is used for receiving local oscillation light; the second light inlet of the coupler 8 is connected with the light outlet of the optical switch 7, and is used for mixing local oscillation light with an atmospheric echo signal to obtain a mixed signal;
the two light inlets of the balance detector 9 are connected with the two light outlets of the coupler 8 and are used for converting the mixed frequency signals into intermediate frequency electric signals;
the input end of the high-speed analog signal acquisition card 10 is connected with the output end of the balance detector 9 and is used for converting the intermediate frequency electric signal into a high-speed analog signal.
The data processing module D is connected with the output end of the high-speed analog signal acquisition card 10 and is used for carrying out wind field inversion on the high-speed analog signal to obtain a Mars atmospheric wind field.
Specifically, the technical scheme of the implementation of the single-sheet direct detection module is as follows: the device consists of a band-pass filter 11, a polarization fraction device 12, a double-channel single photon detector 13 and a multi-channel acquisition card 14, wherein:
the input end of the band-pass filter 11 is connected with a receiving module I of the telescope 6 and is used for receiving the backward scattering signal and filtering background noise to obtain a denoised backward scattering signal;
the light inlet of the polarization beam splitter 12 is connected with the output end of the band-pass filter 11 and is used for receiving the denoised back scattering signal to obtain photon signals with different polarization states;
two input channels of the two-channel single photon detector 13 are respectively connected with the light outlet of the polarization beam splitter 12, and are used for carrying out single photon detection on signals with different polarization states to obtain and output photon electric signals of different channels;
the input end of the multichannel acquisition card 14 is connected with the output port of the two-channel single photon detector 13, and is used for acquiring photon electric signals of all channels.
The data processing module D is connected with the output end of the multi-channel acquisition card 14, measures single photon electric signals of different channels to obtain and output photon counts of each channel, and calculates and obtains polarized light and the concentration of Mars aerosol particles according to the photon counts of different channels.
In a specific embodiment, the hybrid laser radar for Mars atmosphere detection of the present invention comprises: the system comprises a variable wavelength continuous wave laser 1, an optical fiber beam splitter 2, an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) 3, a laser amplifier (EDFA) 4, an optical fiber circulator 5, a telescope 6, an optical switch 7, a coupler 8, a balance detector 9, a high-speed analog signal acquisition card 10, a band-pass filter 11, a polarization fraction device 12, a double-channel single photon detector 13, a multi-channel acquisition card 14 and a data processing module D, wherein the variable wavelength continuous wave laser 1 is connected with an optical inlet of the optical fiber beam splitter 2 and divides signals into signal light and local oscillation light. The signal light is connected with the light inlet of the acousto-optic modulator 3, and the light outlet of the acousto-optic modulator 3 is connected with the light inlet of the laser amplifier (EDFA) 4. The light outlet of the laser amplifier 4 is connected with the a port of the optical fiber circulator 5, the b port of the optical fiber circulator 5 is connected with the emergent module O of the telescope 6, and the c port of the optical fiber circulator 5 is connected with the light inlet of the optical switch 7. The light outlet of the optical switch 7 is connected with one light inlet of the coupler 8, and the local oscillation light is connected with the other light inlet of the coupler 8. The two light outlets of the coupler 8 are connected with the two light inlets of the balance detector 9. The output of the balance detector 9 is connected with the input of the high-speed analog signal acquisition card 10. The output of the high-speed analog signal acquisition card 10 is connected with the data processing module D. The input of the receiving module I of the telescope 6 is bandpass filter 11. The output of the band-pass filter 11 is connected to the light inlet of the polarization beam splitter 12. The light outlet of the polarization beam splitter 12 is respectively connected with two input channels of the two-channel single photon detector 13. The output port of the double-channel single photon detector 13 is connected with the input of the multi-channel acquisition card 14. The output of the multichannel acquisition card 14 is connected with a data processing module D; the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step 1: the continuous wave laser 1 emits laser light, and the laser light is divided into local oscillation light and signal light by the optical fiber beam splitter 2. The signal light is modulated into pulse light with frequency shift of 80MHz by an acousto-optic modulator 3, then is subjected to energy amplification by a laser amplifier 4, and is input into an O-way of a transmitting telescope 6 to be transmitted into the atmosphere after passing through an optical fiber circulator 5. And the local oscillation light is connected into the coupler 8.
Step 2: after the outgoing laser acts with the atmosphere, the backward scattering signal is received through the O and I paths of the telescope 6, wherein the O path signal is input by the b port and output by the c port of the optical fiber circulator 5, is connected into the optical switch 7 to cut off the mirror surface scattering, and is mixed with the local oscillation light in the coupler 8. The mixed signals are converted into Intermediate Frequency (IF) electric signals in a balance detector 9 which is a photoelectric detector, collected by a high-speed analog signal collecting card 10 and input into a data processing module D for wind field inversion.
Step 3: the I-path signal of the telescope 6 is filtered by background noise through a band-pass filter 11, then is input into a polarization beam splitter 12 to obtain photon signals with different polarization states, then the photon signals are input into a double-channel single photon detector 13 to carry out single photon detection, and an electric signal output by the double-channel single photon detector 13 is acquired by a multi-channel acquisition card 14 and is input into a data processing module D to carry out polarized light and aerosol particle concentration measurement.
Step 4: the variable wavelength continuous wave laser 1 changes the laser emission wavelength, performs wavelength switching between a non-absorption line (off) and an absorption line (on) of differential absorption, and repeats the steps 1 to 3, and the Mars carbon dioxide gas content information can be obtained in the data processing module D through differential absorption formula calculation. And the signal-to-noise ratio information of the coherent balance detection B and the single photon information of the single photon direct detection module C can be subjected to intensity comparison in real time, so that the method is used for calibrating the emergent power of a laser and improving the accuracy of radar detection information.
The technical scheme of the invention can be seen from the above:
1. and the off and on wavelength switching of the differential absorption laser radar is realized by using a variable wavelength continuous wave laser and the same acousto-optic modulator and laser amplifier.
2. Meanwhile, a single photon direct detection module C and a coherent balance detection module B are integrated, a set of optical transceiver module A is shared, the single photon direct detection module C detects the content of Mars aerosol, polarization and carbon dioxide gas, and the coherent balance detection module B detects a Mars wind field.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A hybrid lidar for Mars atmospheric detection, characterized by having an optical transceiver module (a), a coherent balance detection module (B), a single photon direct detection module (C) and a data processing module (D), wherein:
the optical transceiver module (A) divides a variable-wavelength continuous wave laser signal into signal light and local oscillation light, obtains frequency shift pulse light with amplified energy, emits the frequency shift pulse light to the atmosphere, and obtains a backward scattering signal from Mars atmospheric molecules and dust;
the coherent balance detection module (B) receives the backward scattering signal, intercepts the mirror scattering, converts local oscillation light and an atmospheric echo signal into an intermediate frequency electric signal, and converts the intermediate frequency electric signal into a high-speed analog signal;
the single photon direct detection module (C) is used for detecting photon signals of different polarization states, measuring single photon electric signals of different channels, and obtaining and outputting photon counts of each channel;
the first input end of the data processing module (D) is connected with the output end of the coherent balance detection module (B), and the high-speed analog signal is subjected to wind field inversion to obtain a Mars atmospheric wind field; the second input end of the device is connected with the output end of the single photon direct detection module (C), and polarized light and the concentration of Mars aerosol particles are obtained through calculation according to different photon counts of different channels.
2. A hybrid lidar for atmospheric detection of sparks according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical transceiver module (a) comprises: the device comprises a laser (1), an optical fiber beam splitter (2), an acousto-optic modulator (3), a laser amplifier (4), an optical fiber circulator (5) and a telescope (6), wherein:
the light inlet of the optical fiber beam splitter (2) is connected with the laser (1) and receives the continuous wave laser signal with variable wavelength and divides the continuous wave laser signal into signal light and local oscillation light;
the light inlet of the acousto-optic modulator (3) is connected with the output end of the optical fiber beam splitter (2) and is used for modulating signal light into frequency-shift pulse light;
the light inlet of the laser amplifier (4) is connected with the light outlet of the acousto-optic modulator (3) to obtain energy amplified frequency shift pulse light;
the first port (a) of the optical fiber circulator (5) is connected with the light outlet of the laser amplifier (4) and is used for emitting energy-amplified frequency-shift pulse light;
the emergent module (O) of the telescope (6) is connected with the second port (b) of the optical fiber circulator (5) and is used for emergent energy-amplified frequency shift pulse light to the atmosphere and obtaining a backward scattering signal from Mars atmospheric molecules and dust.
3. A hybrid lidar for atmospheric detection of sparks according to claim 1, wherein the coherent balance detection module (B) comprises: optical switch (7), coupler (8), balanced detector (9), high-speed analog signal acquisition card (10), wherein:
the light inlet of the optical switch (7) is connected with a third port (c) of the optical fiber circulator (5) and is used for receiving the backward scattering signal and cutting off the mirror surface scattering;
the first light inlet of the coupler (8) is connected with the light inlet of the optical fiber beam splitter (2) and is used for receiving local oscillation light; the second light inlet of the coupler (8) is connected with the light outlet of the optical switch (7) and is used for mixing local oscillation light with an atmospheric echo signal to obtain a mixed signal;
the two light inlets of the balance detector (9) are connected with the two light outlets of the coupler (8) and are used for converting the mixed frequency signals into intermediate frequency electric signals;
the input end of the high-speed analog signal acquisition card (10) is connected with the output end of the balance detector (9) and is used for converting the intermediate-frequency electric signal into a high-speed analog signal.
4. Hybrid lidar for atmospheric detection of sparks according to claim 1, characterized in that the single photon direct detection module (C) comprises: the device comprises a band-pass filter (11), a polarization fraction device (12), a double-channel single photon detector (13) and a multi-channel acquisition card (14), wherein:
the input end of the band-pass filter (11) is connected with a receiving module (I) of the telescope (6) and is used for receiving the back scattering signal and filtering background noise to obtain a denoised back scattering signal;
the light inlet of the polarization beam splitter (12) is connected with the output end of the band-pass filter (11) and is used for receiving the denoised back scattering signals to obtain photon signals with different polarization states;
two input channels of the two-channel single photon detector (13) are respectively connected with the light outlet of the polarization beam splitter (12) and are used for detecting signals with different polarization states to obtain and output photon electric signals of different channels;
the input end of the multichannel acquisition card (14) is connected with the output port of the double-channel single photon detector (13) and is used for measuring the photon electric signals of all acquired channels and outputting photon counts of all the channels.
5. The hybrid laser radar for Mars atmospheric detection according to claim 1, wherein the signal-to-noise ratio information of the coherent balance detection module (B) is compared with the photon number of the single photon direct detection module (C) in real time in intensity, so as to calibrate the output power of the laser and the stability of the echo signal, and improve the accuracy of radar detection information.
6. Hybrid lidar for atmospheric detection of Mars according to claim 1, characterized in that a coherent balance detection module (B) is used for detecting the aerodynamic profile as well, and based on the coherent differential absorption principle a swept seed laser around the wavelength of 1572nm is used for detecting the carbon dioxide gas content.
7. A hybrid lidar for Mars atmospheric detection according to claim 2, wherein the non-absorption line and absorption line wavelength switching of the differential absorption lidar is achieved by means of the laser, the acousto-optic modulator and the laser amplifier by changing only the wavelength of the laser continuous wave.
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