CN112924985A - Mixed type laser radar for Mars atmosphere detection - Google Patents
Mixed type laser radar for Mars atmosphere detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN112924985A CN112924985A CN202110283048.8A CN202110283048A CN112924985A CN 112924985 A CN112924985 A CN 112924985A CN 202110283048 A CN202110283048 A CN 202110283048A CN 112924985 A CN112924985 A CN 112924985A
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- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
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- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
- G01N2021/392—Measuring reradiation, e.g. fluorescence, backscatter
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N2021/4792—Polarisation of scatter light
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- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention relates to a hybrid laser radar for Mars atmosphere detection, which comprises a single set of optical transceiver module, a single set of optical transceiver module and a single set of optical transceiver module, wherein the single set of optical transceiver module obtains a back scattering signal from Mars atmosphere molecules and dust; the coherent balance detection module is used for mixing the local oscillator light and the atmosphere echo signal into an intermediate frequency electric signal and converting the intermediate frequency electric signal into a high-speed analog electric signal, and a Mars atmosphere wind field is obtained through data processing; the single photon direct detection module is used for measuring the photon electric signals of each channel to obtain photon counting of each channel; the data processing module obtains the polarized light and the concentration of the particles of the Mars aerosol. The invention uses the signal-to-noise ratio of coherent detection and the photon number of direct detection to calibrate the laser power and the stability of echo signals and is used for detecting the content of carbon dioxide gas. The invention uses the advantages of large dynamic range of single photon direct detection, small data processing and calculation amount, high sensitivity of coherent detection and good amplification of weak signals, and solves the problem of large air parameter detection of Mars atmosphere detection laser radar under the condition of not increasing load weight and complexity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser radars, and particularly relates to a hybrid laser radar for Mars atmosphere detection.
Background
Mars detection is the focus of solar system detection and planet science at home and abroad, human Mars detection has been developed in the history of nearly 60 years, and the detection mode is from flying to surrounding remote sensing detection and then to unmanned lander and Mars vehicle in-position detection, so that a large amount of scientific data is accumulated. In 2020, China emits a Mars-in-the-sky detector, China plans to carry out first Mars detection and Mars sampling return in 2020-2030, and Mars/fire satellite sampling return and Mars manned detection in various countries around the world are also planned to be realized in the next 10-20 years.
At present, the Mars atmosphere is less than 1% of the earth, mainly carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide circulates between the atmosphere and the polar ice cover, so that the atmospheric pressure fluctuates by nearly 30% every year in normal years. Mars dust is a key contributor to Mars' weather. The scattering and absorption of light by Mars dust is the dominant factor in controlling the color of the sky, so Mars sky tends to be reddish and sunset sky tends to be bluish, contrary to the earth. From dust windup to regional or global dust storms, dust wind is common at all scales, and once lifted, the dust can remain in the atmosphere for months.
What are the climatic processes and histories on mars? How does climate and atmosphere change over time? How the planetary atmospheres evolve and what are their constituents and dynamics? How does the magnetic field affect the surface of the planet, atmosphere and near space? How (and what the consequences are) do the solar system celestial body interact with its spatial environment? What are the evidence and drivers of geological climate change? What are the atmospheric evolution causes, effects and effects of planet-level extreme weather events (e.g., Mars dust storm)? What did Mars climate change suggest the climate change of the earth? Association of early climate with livability/origin of life? How is it ready for manned fire detection? What are humans exploring the needs on moon and mars? What mars knowledge is needed to design and implement manned landing and manned residence tasks with acceptable cost, risk and performance? Is atmospheric dynamics predictable? These are all the problems that the current detection means can not answer accurately, and further scientific observation is needed, especially new high space-time resolution and multi-parameter mars atmosphere remote sensing observation.
The all-fiber atmospheric laser radar is used as a hot active atmospheric remote sensing means, has the advantages of small volume, good stability, high measurement precision, high time and space resolution, easy realization of how big atmospheric parameter detection and the like, and is very suitable for interstellar detection application scenes requiring high measurement speed, high maneuverability and severe environment. Atmospheric lidar is divided into direct detection lidar and coherent detection lidar. The direct detection laser radar uses a photon counting detector, and atmospheric parameters such as laser radar extinction ratio, atmospheric depolarization ratio and the like are obtained by counting the number of echo photons; by using the optical frequency discriminator, the Doppler frequency shift information of the echo is converted into the relative change of the photon number, and the measurement of the atmospheric wind field is realized. The coherent detection laser radar realizes the measurement of atmospheric parameters such as atmospheric wind field, laser radar extinction ratio and the like through the coherent beat frequency of the atmospheric echo signal and the local oscillator laser and then through the signal power spectrum. The basic structure of the coherent laser radar is shown in figure 1: CW generation of continuous wave laser with center frequency upsilon0The linearly polarized light is divided into signal light and local oscillator light after passing through the light splitting sheet, the signal light is modulated into pulse light through the acousto-optic modulator AOM and generates upsilonMThe frequency shift is amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA, and the amplified frequency is fed into the circulator through an output end b of the circulator after passing through an input end a of the circulator and is emitted out of the telescope. Let the Doppler frequency shift generated by the wind field to the pulse light be upsilondThen the central frequency of the echo signal is upsilon0+υM+υdAfter the echo signal and the local oscillation light are output through the output end c of the circulator and pass through the coupler, beat frequency signals of the echo signal and the local oscillation light are converted into upsilon frequency through the photoelectric detectorM+υdThe Intermediate Frequency (IF) electric signal is sampled by a collecting card ADC and is processed and analyzed by a subsequent circuit PC to obtain wind field information. Mitsubishi electromechanical Co., Ltd., France LEOSPHER, France aerospace research center (ONERA), Sgurr energy, QinetiQ, national atmospheric research center (NCAR), and ChinaThe coherent wind lidar systems are mature.
However, the Mars atmosphere detection not only needs wind field detection, but also needs aerosol particle concentration, type and distribution detection; carbon dioxide gas concentration detection, single coherent detection or direct detection can't satisfy the demand that mars atmosphere was surveyed simultaneously, and because load weight restriction, carry on many sets of atmosphere laser radar systems and be difficult to realize, have restricted the development that mars atmosphere was surveyed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a hybrid laser radar for Mars atmosphere detection.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention provides a hybrid laser radar for Mars atmosphere detection, which has the technical scheme for solving the problems that the hybrid laser radar is provided with an optical transceiving module, a coherent balance detection module, a single photon direct detection module and a data processing module, wherein:
the optical transceiver module is used for dividing a variable wavelength continuous wave laser signal into signal light and local oscillator light, obtaining and emitting frequency-shifted pulse light with amplified energy to the atmosphere, and obtaining a backscattering signal from Mars atmospheric molecules and dust;
the coherent balance detection module receives the back scattering signal, cuts off the mirror surface scattering, converts the local oscillator light and the atmosphere echo signal into an intermediate frequency electric signal, and converts the intermediate frequency electric signal into a high-speed analog signal;
the single photon direct detection module is used for detecting photon signals in different polarization states, measuring the single photon electric signals of different channels to obtain and output photon counts of each channel;
the first input end of the data processing module is connected with the output end of the coherent balance detection module, and the high-speed analog signal is subjected to wind field inversion to obtain a Mars atmospheric wind field; the second input end of the device is connected with the output end of the single photon direct detection module, and the polarized light and the concentration of the Mars aerosol particles are obtained through calculation according to the difference of photon counting of different channels.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a hybrid laser radar for Mars atmosphere detection, which is based on an all-fiber structure and integrates a single-photon direct detection module and a coherent balance detection module simultaneously. The aerosol particle concentration and distribution detection is realized by using the direct detection of the single photon principle, and the aerosol particle type detection is realized by integrating the polarization detection function. The coherent balance detection module is utilized to realize Mars atmospheric wind field and atmospheric dynamics distribution detection, and based on the coherent differential absorption principle, a seed laser capable of sweeping near 1572nm wavelength is used to realize carbon dioxide gas content detection.
The invention realizes the wavelength switching between the non-absorption spectral line and the absorption spectral line of the differential absorption laser radar by using the laser, the acousto-optic modulator and the laser amplifier and only by changing the wavelength of the continuous wave of the laser and using the acousto-optic modulator and the laser amplifier. The invention utilizes the advantages of large dynamic range and small data processing calculation amount of the single photon direct detection module, and also utilizes the advantages of high sensitivity and good amplification of weak signals of the coherent detection module. When a Mars detection task is executed, the invention provides a mixed type laser radar for Mars atmosphere detection, which has a load and can meet the detection requirements of various atmospheric parameters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional coherent wind lidar;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid lidar for Mars atmosphere detection according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
Referring to fig. 2, a hybrid laser for Mars atmosphere detection according to the present invention is shown, which is composed of an optical transceiver module a, a coherent balance detection module B, a single photon direct detection module C, and a processing module D, wherein:
the optical transceiver module A divides a variable wavelength continuous wave laser signal into signal light and local oscillator light, obtains and emits frequency-shifted pulse light with amplified energy to the atmosphere, and obtains a backscattering signal from Mars atmospheric molecules and dust;
the coherent balance detection module B receives the back scattering signal, cuts off the mirror surface scattering, converts the local oscillator light and the atmosphere echo signal into an intermediate frequency electric signal by frequency mixing, and converts the intermediate frequency electric signal into a high-speed analog signal;
the single photon direct detection module C is used for detecting photon signals in different polarization states, measuring the single photon electric signals of different channels to obtain and output photon counts of each channel;
the first input end of the data processing module D is connected with the output end of the coherent balance detection module B, and the high-speed analog signal is subjected to wind field inversion to obtain a Mars atmospheric wind field; the second input end of the device is connected with the output end of the single photon direct detection module C, and the polarized light and the concentration of the Mars aerosol particles are obtained through calculation according to the difference of photon counting of different channels.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical transceiver module a, a coherent balance detection module B, a single-photon direct detection module C, and a data processing module D of a hybrid lidar for Mars atmosphere detection according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the technical solution implemented in the invention is as follows:
specifically, the optical transceiver module a specifically implements the following technical solutions: the device consists of a laser 1, an optical fiber beam splitter 2, an acousto-optic modulator 3, a laser amplifier 4, an optical fiber circulator 5 and a telescope 6, wherein:
the light inlet of the optical fiber beam splitter 2 is connected with the laser 1, and receives and divides the variable wavelength continuous wave laser signal into signal light and local oscillator light;
the light inlet of the acousto-optic modulator 3 is connected with the output end of the optical fiber beam splitter 2 and is used for modulating the signal light into frequency-shift pulse light;
the light inlet of the laser amplifier 4 is connected with the light outlet of the acousto-optic modulator 3 to obtain frequency-shifted pulsed light with amplified energy;
a first port a of the optical fiber circulator 5 is connected with a light outlet of the laser amplifier 4 and is used for emitting energy-amplified frequency-shifted pulsed light;
the exit module O of the telescope 6 is connected to the second port b of the optical fiber circulator 5, and is configured to exit the energy-amplified frequency-shifted pulsed light to the atmosphere and obtain a backscatter signal from mars atmospheric molecules and dust.
Specifically, the technical solution implemented by the coherent balance detection module B is as follows: the device consists of an optical switch 7, a coupler 8, a balance detector 9 and a high-speed analog signal acquisition card 10, wherein:
the light inlet of the optical switch 7 is connected with the third port c of the optical fiber circulator 5 and is used for receiving a back scattering signal and cutting off mirror surface scattering;
a first light inlet of the coupler 8 is connected with a light inlet of the optical fiber beam splitter 2 and used for receiving local oscillation light; a second light inlet of the coupler 8 is connected with a light outlet of the optical switch 7, and is configured to mix the local oscillator light with the atmosphere echo signal to obtain a mixed frequency signal;
two light inlets of the balance detector 9 are connected with two light outlets of the coupler 8, and are used for converting the mixing signal into an intermediate-frequency electrical signal;
the input end of the high-speed analog signal acquisition card 10 is connected with the output of the balance detector 9 and is used for converting the intermediate-frequency electric signal into a high-speed analog signal.
The data processing module D is connected to the output end of the high-speed analog signal acquisition card 10, and is configured to perform wind field inversion on the high-speed analog signals to obtain a mars atmospheric wind field.
Specifically, the technical scheme of the specific implementation of the single photon direct detection module is as follows: the device comprises a band-pass filter 11, a polarization divider 12, a dual-channel single-photon detector 13 and a multi-channel acquisition card 14, wherein:
the input end of the band-pass filter 11 is connected with the receiving module I of the telescope 6 and is used for receiving the backscattering signal and filtering background noise to obtain a denoised backscattering signal;
the light inlet of the polarization beam splitter 12 is connected with the output end of the band-pass filter 11 and is used for receiving the denoised backscatter signal to obtain photon signals in different polarization states;
two input channels of the two-channel single photon detector 13 are respectively connected with the light outlet of the polarization beam splitter 12, and are used for performing single photon detection on signals in different polarization states to obtain and output photon electric signals of different channels;
the input end of the multi-channel acquisition card 14 is connected with the output port of the dual-channel single photon detector 13 and is used for acquiring photon electric signals of each channel.
The data processing module D is connected with the output end of the multi-channel acquisition card 14, and is used for measuring single photon electrical signals of different channels to obtain and output photon counts of each channel, and calculating to obtain polarized light and particle concentration of Mars aerosol according to the difference of the photon counts of the different channels.
In a specific embodiment, a hybrid lidar for Mars atmosphere detection of the present invention comprises: the device comprises a variable wavelength continuous wave laser 1, an optical fiber beam splitter 2, an acousto-optic modulator (AOM)3, a laser amplifier (EDFA)4, an optical fiber circulator 5, a telescope 6, an optical splitter 7, a coupler 8, a balance detector 9, a high-speed analog signal acquisition card 10, a band-pass filter 11, a polarization divider 12, a dual-channel single photon detector 13, a multi-channel acquisition card 14 and a data processing module D, wherein the variable wavelength continuous wave laser 1 is connected with an optical inlet of the optical fiber beam splitter 2 and divides signals into signal light and local oscillator light. The signal light is connected with the light inlet of the acousto-optic modulator 3, and the light outlet of the acousto-optic modulator 3 is connected with the light inlet of the laser amplifier (EDFA) 4. The light outlet of the laser amplifier 4 is connected with the port a of the optical fiber circulator 5, the port b of the optical fiber circulator 5 is connected with the light outlet module O of the telescope 6, and the port c of the optical fiber circulator 5 is connected with the light inlet of the optical switch 7. The light outlet of the optical switch 7 is connected to one light inlet of the coupler 8, and the local oscillator is connected to the other light inlet of the coupler 8. The two light outlets of the coupler 8 are connected to the two light inlets of the balanced detector 9. The output of the balance detector 9 is connected with the input of the high-speed analog signal acquisition card 10. The output of the high-speed analog signal acquisition card 10 is connected with the data processing module D. The receiving module I of the telescope 6 has an input of a band-pass filter 11. The output of the band-pass filter 11 is connected to the light inlet of the polarization beam splitter 12. The light outlet of the polarization beam splitter 12 is respectively connected with two input channels of the dual-channel single photon detector 13. The output port of the double-channel single-photon detector 13 is connected with the input of the multi-channel acquisition card 14. The output of the multi-channel acquisition card 14 is connected with a data processing module D; the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step 1: the continuous wave laser 1 emits laser light, which is divided into local oscillation light and signal light by the optical fiber beam splitter 2. The signal light is modulated into pulse light with frequency shift of 80MHz through the acousto-optic modulator 3, then energy amplification is carried out through the laser amplifier 4, and the pulse light is input into an O path of the transmitting telescope 6 and transmitted to the atmosphere after passing through the optical fiber circulator 5. The local oscillator light is coupled into a coupler 8.
Step 2: after the emergent laser and the atmosphere act, a backscattering signal is simultaneously received through an O path and an I path of the telescope 6, wherein the O path signal is input through a port b and output through a port c of the optical fiber circulator 5, is connected into the optical switch 7 to cut off the mirror surface scattering, and then is mixed with local oscillation light in the coupler 8. The mixing signal is converted into an Intermediate Frequency (IF) electric signal in a photoelectric detector of the balance detector 9, is collected by a high-speed analog signal collecting card 10, and is input into a data processing module D for wind field inversion.
And step 3: a path I signal of the telescope 6 is subjected to background noise filtering through a band-pass filter 11, then is input into a polarization beam splitter 12 to obtain photon signals in different polarization states, then the photon signals are input into a double-channel single-photon detector 13 to be subjected to single-photon detection, an electric signal output by the double-channel single-photon detector 13 is collected by a multi-channel collection card 14 and is input into a data processing module D to be subjected to measurement of the concentration of polarized light and aerosol particles.
And 4, step 4: the variable wavelength continuous wave laser 1 changes the laser emitting wavelength, switches the wavelength of a non-absorption spectral line (off) and an absorption spectral line (on) of differential absorption, repeats the steps 1 to 3, and can obtain the content information of the Mars carbon dioxide gas in the data processing module D through calculation of a differential absorption formula. And the signal-to-noise ratio information of the coherent balance detection B and the single photon information of the single photon direct detection module C can be compared in intensity in real time, so that the intensity can be calibrated for the emergent power of the laser, and the accuracy of radar detection information can be improved.
The technical scheme of the invention can show that:
1. the wavelength-variable continuous wave laser is used, and the same acousto-optic modulator and laser amplifier are used to realize the off and on wavelength switching of the differential absorption laser radar.
2. Meanwhile, a single-photon direct detection module C and a coherent balance detection module B are integrated and share one set of optical transceiver module A, the single-photon direct detection module C detects the content of Mars aerosol, polarization and the content of carbon dioxide gas, and the coherent balance detection module B detects a Mars wind field.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. Hybrid lidar for Mars atmosphere detection, having an optical transceiver module (A), a coherent balance detection module (B), a single photon direct detection module (C) and a data processing module (D), wherein:
the optical transceiver module (A) divides a variable wavelength continuous wave laser signal into signal light and local oscillator light, obtains and emits frequency-shifted pulse light with amplified energy to the atmosphere, and obtains a backscattering signal from Mars atmosphere molecules and dust;
the coherent balance detection module (B) receives the back scattering signal, cuts off the mirror scattering, converts the local oscillator light and the atmosphere echo signal into an intermediate frequency electric signal, and converts the intermediate frequency electric signal into a high-speed analog signal;
the single photon direct detection module (C) is used for detecting photon signals in different polarization states, measuring the single photon electric signals of different channels to obtain and output photon counts of each channel;
the first input end of the data processing module (D) is connected with the output end of the coherent balance detection module (B), and the high-speed analog signal is subjected to wind field inversion to obtain a Mars atmospheric wind field; the second input end of the device is connected with the output end of the single photon direct detection module (C), and the polarized light and the concentration of the Mars aerosol particles are obtained through calculation according to the difference of photon counting of different channels.
2. Hybrid lidar for mars atmosphere detection according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical transceiver module (a) comprises: laser instrument (1), optic fibre beam splitter (2), acoustic optical modulator (3), laser amplifier (4), optic fibre circulator (5), telescope (6), wherein:
the light inlet of the optical fiber beam splitter (2) is connected with the laser (1) and receives and divides the variable wavelength continuous wave laser signal into signal light and local oscillator light;
the light inlet of the acousto-optic modulator (3) is connected with the output end of the optical fiber beam splitter (2) and is used for modulating the signal light into frequency-shift pulse light;
the light inlet of the laser amplifier (4) is connected with the light outlet of the acousto-optic modulator (3) to obtain frequency-shifted pulsed light with amplified energy;
a first port (a) of the optical fiber circulator (5) is connected with a light outlet of the laser amplifier (4) and is used for emitting energy-amplified frequency-shifted pulse light;
an exit module (O) of the telescope (6) is connected with the second port (b) of the optical fiber circulator (5) and is used for emitting the energy-amplified frequency-shifted pulsed light to the atmosphere and obtaining a backscattering signal from Mars atmospheric molecules and dust.
3. A hybrid lidar for mars atmosphere detection according to claim 1, wherein the coherent balance detection module (B) comprises: photoswitch (7), coupler (8), balanced detector (9), high-speed analog signal acquisition card (10), wherein:
the light inlet of the optical switch (7) is connected with the third port (c) of the optical fiber circulator (5) and is used for receiving the backscattering signal and cutting off the mirror surface scattering;
a first light inlet of the coupler (8) is connected with a light inlet of the optical fiber beam splitter (2) and used for receiving local oscillation light; a second light inlet of the coupler (8) is connected with a light outlet of the optical switch (7) and is used for mixing the local oscillator light and the atmosphere echo signal to obtain a mixing signal;
two light inlets of the balance detector (9) are connected with two light outlets of the coupler (8) and are used for converting the mixing signals into intermediate-frequency electric signals;
the input end of the high-speed analog signal acquisition card (10) is connected with the output of the balance detector (9) and is used for converting the intermediate-frequency electric signals into high-speed analog signals.
4. A hybrid lidar for mars atmosphere detection according to claim 1, wherein the single photon direct detection module (C) comprises: band-pass filter (11), polarization divider (12), binary channels single photon detector (13), multichannel acquisition card (14), wherein:
the input end of the band-pass filter (11) is connected with a receiving module (I) of the telescope (6) and is used for receiving the backscattering signal and filtering background noise to obtain a denoised backscattering signal;
the light inlet of the polarization beam splitter (12) is connected with the output end of the band-pass filter (11) and used for receiving the denoised backscatter signal to obtain photon signals in different polarization states;
two input channels of the double-channel single photon detector (13) are respectively connected with a light outlet of the polarization beam splitter (12) and are used for detecting signals in different polarization states and obtaining and outputting photon electric signals of different channels;
the input end of the multi-channel acquisition card (14) is connected with the output end of the double-channel single-photon detector (13) and is used for measuring the photon electrical signals acquired by each channel and outputting photon counting of each channel.
5. The hybrid laser radar for Mars atmosphere detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal-to-noise ratio information of the coherent balance detection module (B) is compared with the photon number of the single photon direct detection module (C) in real time for intensity comparison, so as to calibrate the laser emission power and the stability of the echo signal, thereby improving the accuracy of the radar detection information.
6. The hybrid lidar for mars atmosphere detection according to claim 1, wherein the coherent balance detection module (B) is further used for detecting the aerodynamic profile and based on the coherent differential absorption principle, a swept seed laser with a wavelength around 1572nm is used for detecting the carbon dioxide gas content.
7. The hybrid lidar for Mars atmosphere detection as claimed in claim 2, wherein the laser, the acousto-optic modulator and the laser amplifier are used to realize the wavelength switching of the non-absorption line and the absorption line of the differential absorption lidar only by changing the wavelength of the continuous wave of the laser.
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